CN112081011A - Shipping and transporting method for large prestressed concrete precast box girder - Google Patents
Shipping and transporting method for large prestressed concrete precast box girder Download PDFInfo
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- CN112081011A CN112081011A CN202010919249.8A CN202010919249A CN112081011A CN 112081011 A CN112081011 A CN 112081011A CN 202010919249 A CN202010919249 A CN 202010919249A CN 112081011 A CN112081011 A CN 112081011A
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- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shipping and transporting method of a large prestressed concrete precast box girder, which comprises the steps of calculating the gravity center position of the box girder, designing the arrangement positions of an SPMT (distributed multi-path transport) vehicle, a distribution girder and a hoisting girder, marking the plane positions of the SPMT, the distribution girder and the hoisting girder on the ground below the box girder, completing the centering of an SPMT bearing center and the theoretical gravity center of the box girder, then loading the distribution girder and the hoisting girder to the bottom of the box girder by utilizing the SPMT, and realizing the stable transportation and shipping of the box girder by reasonably jacking; the scheme can solve the problem of uneven stress, improve the accuracy and work efficiency of centering the bearing center of the SPMT vehicle group and the gravity center of the box girder, improve the stability and safety of SPMT jacking and transporting the box girder, and prevent the box girder from being twisted or a top plate from being damaged by tension.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of box girder transportation, in particular to a shipping and transporting method of a large prestressed concrete precast box girder.
Background
The box girder is one of the middle girders in bridge engineering, the inner part of the box girder is hollow, and flanges are arranged on two sides of the upper part of the box girder and are similar to a box, so that the box girder is named. The prestressed concrete precast box girder is precast in a precast plant and then transported to an installation site to complete installation. The method for jacking and transporting the box girder on the pedestal of the prefabricating field by adopting the SPMT (Self-propelled modular transporter) comprises the steps of dismantling a bottom movable support frame and a bottom die after the box girder is prefabricated, simply supporting two ends on movable supports, enabling the SPMT to form a vehicle group, entering the bottom of the box girder to jack the box girder, then humping the box girder to a specified point or loading a ship, and finally completing unloading. In order to keep the box girder to stably ascend and stably transport when the box girder is jacked and transported by the SPMT, the gravity center of the box girder is required to coincide with the bearing center of the SPMT vehicle set (namely the resultant force action point of the jacking forces of all hydraulic jacks of the vehicle set), otherwise, the box girder cannot be jacked smoothly and the box girder is damaged by torsion.
The cross section size of the box girder is increased along with the increase of the span of the bridge girder, the span of the large box girder reaches 50-75 m at present, the height of the inner space reaches 2-4 m, the width of the bottom plate of the box girder reaches 5-20 m, the width of the top plate of the box girder reaches 10-30 m, the shape of the box girder is generally asymmetric and irregular, the widths of the top surfaces of wing plates on two sides are different, the top plate is provided with a transverse slope, some box girders are variable cross-section girders or curved girders, factors such as asymmetric arrangement of embedded parts, construction deviation and the like are added, the structure of the box girder is asymmetric, the gravity center of the box girder is difficult to accurately calculate, the gravity center of the box girder is difficult to be aligned with the gravity center of the box girder due to the inaccurate calculation of the gravity center of the box girder, the alignment of the SPMT vehicle distribution and vehicle group and the gravity center of the vehicle group and the box girder is difficult to be smoothly jacked (namely, the two end parts, jacking is asynchronous, so that the box girder cannot be jacked up smoothly), and the center of gravity of the SPMT car group and the box girder is difficult to be centered with the longitudinal center line of the deck of the transport ship, so that the transport ship is inclined transversely, and the stability control of the box girder on the transport ship is not facilitated; because the weight of the large box girder reaches 800-4000 tons, SPMT vehicle distribution is required within a certain length of the girder end, and the box girder is supported by a plurality of supporting points, the box girder cannot be lifted, transported or hoisted in a mode of simply supporting two ends in the traditional method, so that the box girder generates negative bending moment at the supporting points, the tensile stress of a top plate is increased, the concrete is easy to crack due to low tensile strength, and the box girder is prevented from cracking in the lifting process due to the reasonable vehicle distribution and the arrangement of a box girder supporting structure; due to the influence of buttresses at two ends of the prefabricated box girder, the box girder is difficult to distribute. At present, no special SPMT vehicle, support structure and construction method suitable for SPMT jacking and transporting large prestressed concrete precast box girders or transporting large prestressed concrete precast box girders to ships exist.
Particularly, when the large prestressed concrete precast box girder is transported and shipped by using the SPMT, the transport ship floats on the water surface, and the transport ship generates structural deformation, so that instability is increased in the process of loading the box girder on the ship, and the box girder is easily broken, therefore, a shipping and transporting method is particularly needed to solve the problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shipping and transporting method of a large prestressed concrete precast box girder, which aims to solve the problem that the existing large box girder is difficult to transport.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a shipping and transporting method of a large prestressed concrete precast box girder, comprising the steps of,
step S1, simply supporting two ends of a box girder on a movable steel buttress, and dismantling a side die, an end die, a bottom plate bracket and a bottom die of the box girder after the concrete pouring and the tensioning of the prestressed tendons of the box girder are finished so as to reserve an SPMT vehicle entering space below the box girder;
step S2, calculating the position of the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder, designing the arrangement positions of the SPMT vehicle distribution, the distribution girder and the hoisting girder, marking the plane positions of the SPMT, the distribution girder and the hoisting girder on the ground below the box girder, and finishing the centering of the SPMT bearing center and the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder;
step S3, transversely connecting at least two SPMTs by using a connecting box to form a preloaded SPMT car group, and hoisting the distribution beam and the hoisting beam on a car plate of the preloaded SPMT car group according to a preset position by using a crane;
step S4, respectively opening the two groups of the pre-loaded SPMT vehicle groups to the bottoms of the two ends of the box girder to carry out alignment, so that the plane positions of the distribution girder and the hoisting girder reach preset positions;
step S5, forming an outer side SPMT car group by using two SPMTs, respectively opening the two outer side SPMT car groups to the bottom of the outer sides of the two ends of the box girder, respectively placing the two SPMTs of each outer side SPMT car group on the two sides of the preloaded SPMT car group, placing the outer side SPMT car group according to a pre-drawn positioning line, and jacking a car plate of the outer side SPMT car group so as to load the distribution beam and the hoisting beam onto the car plate of the outer side SPMT car group;
step S6, lowering the pre-loaded SPMT car groups and opening the bottom of the box girder, then forming a middle SPMT car group by using at least two SPMTs, respectively opening two groups of the middle SPMT car groups to the bottoms at the two ends of the box girder, placing the middle SPMT car group according to a pre-drawn positioning line, placing the middle SPMT car group between the two SPMTs of the outer SPMT car group, and jacking the distribution beam and the hoisting beam by using the middle SPMT car group so as to adjust and align the two groups of the outer SPMT car groups again;
step S7, adjusting all SPMTs to a uniform height, installing a distribution beam top rubber pad and an adjustable height support above the distribution beam, pre-tightening the adjustable height support, and enabling the distribution beam top rubber pad to be closely attached to the bottom plate of the box girder;
step S8, jacking the box girder by using all the SPMTs, and then transporting the box girder to a deck of a transport ship;
step S9, longitudinally arranging long-strip-shaped steel buttress beams between every two adjacent SPMTs on a deck of the transport ship, arranging rubber supports on the tops of the buttress beams below the distribution beams and the bottoms of the hoisting beams, and stopping the SPMTs from walking and braking after the box girder on the ship reaches a preset pier-falling position;
step S10, adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast water tank in the ship cabin through a pumping drainage system of the ballast water system of the transport ship, adjusting the draft of the transport ship and the longitudinal and transverse inclination of a deck to meet the navigation requirement, and enabling the ship body of the transport ship to deform until the deck surface is positioned on a plane, so that the top surface of each buttress beam is positioned on a plane, and the top surfaces of the rubber supports on the buttress beams are positioned on a plane;
step S11, descending the vehicle plate of the SPMT to enable the top surface of part of the rubber support to be firstly contacted with the bottom surface of the distribution beam, measuring and recording the height difference between the top surface of the rubber support and the bottom of the distribution beam which are not contacted, uniformly jacking all the SPMT by 10-20 cm, and cushioning the top surfaces of the corresponding rubber supports with steel plates with different thicknesses according to the recorded height difference;
and S12, synchronously descending the SPMT vehicle plates until the distribution beam and the hoisting beam at the bottom of the box girder are completely unloaded onto the rubber support on the top surface of the buttress girder, separating the top surface of the SPMT vehicle plates from the distribution beam and the bottom surface of the hoisting beam to finish unloading of the box girder, then singly opening the bottom of the box girder by the SPMT, opening a ship through a butt strap, and reinforcing the box girder to finish loading the ship.
In one embodiment, in step S8, the SPMT transports the box girder to the front edge of the dock, the stern of the carrier is aligned with the front edge of the dock, the longitudinal centerline of each SPMT component consist is aligned with the deck longitudinal centerline of the carrier, and the center of gravity of the SPMT and the box girder is aligned with the longitudinal centerline of the carrier.
In one embodiment, in step S8, the carrier ship drives into the harbor basin of the dock at a low tide level, the carrier ship stern is aligned with the front edge of the dock and anchored, the longitudinal center line of the deck of the carrier ship is aligned and positioned with the center line of the dock, a butt plate between the carrier ship stern and the front edge of the dock is installed, then the ballast water volume and the draft state of the carrier ship are adjusted to the state required for starting the rolling process, and the rolling process is started at a proper tide level.
In one embodiment, in step S8, the deck heights of the SPMTs are adjusted to a uniform height, and the longitudinal centerline of each SPMT component consist is aligned with the dockside centerline and the deck longitudinal centerline of the transport vessel; and (4) starting rolling when a stern deck of the transport ship is higher than the preset height of the wharf along with the rising of tide water.
In one embodiment, in step S10, the ballast water amount of each ballast tank of the transport ship is adjusted to make the deck surface in a plane, so that the cooperative deformation of the transport ship, the SPMT and the box girder is completed.
In one embodiment, the first of the distribution beams to the box beam ends is positioned against the movable steel pier.
In one embodiment, in step S2, the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder is calculated and marked on the bottom surface and the ground of the box girder, and a theoretical center of gravity of the box girder parallel to the connecting line of the midpoints of the two ends of the bottom plate of the box girder is drawn on the bottom surface and the ground of the box girder through the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder; and marking the plane position of each SPMT on the ground, so that the longitudinal center line of a subsequent vehicle group formed by each SPMT is superposed with the theoretical gravity center line of the box girder.
In one embodiment, when the SPMTs perform jacking, four supporting areas are formed at two ends of the box girder by each SPMT, the four supporting areas are arranged at each end of the box girder in a central symmetry manner, and jack oil circuits in each supporting area are connected in series; when the box girder is jacked, the supporting area close to the end part of the box girder jacks the box girder synchronously, and then the supporting area far away from the end part of the box girder jacks the box girder synchronously.
In one embodiment, in the process of jacking the SPMT, if the box girder is stressed unevenly or is not jacked locally, jacking and unloading of the falling pier are stopped, and then the position of the SPMT is adjusted finely to the side with large oil pressure or the side without jacking of the box girder on the whole; and (4) trial jacking after each SPMT is in place again, and repeating the steps until the reading deviation value of the oil pressure gauge of each supporting area meets the requirement, thereby completing centering.
In one embodiment, after the jacking is completed, all the vehicle plates of the SPMT are adjusted to a uniform height, and then eight support areas are switched into three, wherein two support areas are arranged on two sides of one end of the box girder, and the remaining one support area is arranged on the other end of the box girder, and then the transportation is performed.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method comprises the steps of calculating the position of the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder, designing the arrangement positions of the SPMT vehicle distribution, the distribution girder and the hoisting girder, marking the plane positions of the SPMT, the distribution girder and the hoisting girder on the ground below the box girder, and completing the centering of the SPMT bearing center and the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic end face direction vehicle distribution diagram at a box girder jacking stage according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of part A of the drawing;
FIG. 3 is a first schematic structural diagram of a preloaded SPMT consist provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a second schematic structural diagram of a preloaded SPMT consist provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a first schematic view of a box girder vehicle layout in a top view direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a second schematic view of a box girder of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a third schematic view of a box girder of a car layout in a top view direction according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front view of a box girder shipment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a top view of the box girder shipment provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numbers are as follows:
1. a box girder; 2. a movable steel buttress; 3. SPMT; 4. a distribution beam; 5. hoisting the beam; 6. a connecting box; 7. distributing beam bottom rubber pads; 8. distributing beam top rubber pads; 9. a height-adjustable support; 10. a carrier vessel; 11. a buttress beam; 12. a rubber support; 13. a dock; 14. a butt strap;
21. preloading the SPMT vehicle set; 22. an outboard SPMT consist; 23. middle SPMT consist.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the present invention provides a shipping and transporting method of a large prestressed concrete precast box girder, comprising the steps of:
and step S1, simply supporting two ends of the box girder 1 on the movable steel buttress 2, and dismantling a side die, an end die, a bottom plate bracket and a bottom die of the box girder 1 after concrete pouring and prestressed tendon tensioning of the box girder 1 are completed so as to reserve an SPMT3 vehicle entering space below the box girder 1.
And S2, calculating the theoretical gravity center position of the box girder 1, designing the arrangement positions of the SPMT3 vehicle distribution and distribution girders 4 and hoisting girders 5 (enabling the calculation results of structural stress and deformation of the box girder 1 to meet requirements), marking the plane positions of the SPMT3, the distribution girders 4 and the hoisting girders 5 on the ground below the box girder 1, and finishing the centering of the SPMT3 bearing center and the theoretical gravity center of the box girder 1.
In step S2, calculating the theoretical gravity center of the box girder 1, marking the theoretical gravity center on the bottom surface of the box girder 1 and the ground, and drawing a box girder theoretical gravity center line parallel to the connection line of the midpoint of the two ends of the bottom plate of the box girder 1 on the bottom surface of the box girder 1 and the ground through the theoretical gravity center of the box girder 1; and (3) marking the plane position of each SPMT3 on the ground, so that the longitudinal center line of each subsequent SPMT3 formed train set is coincided with the theoretical gravity center line of the box girder.
Step S3, transversely connecting at least two SPMT3 by using a connecting box 6 to form a preloaded SPMT car group 21, and hoisting the distribution beam 4 and the hoisting beam 5 on a car plate of the preloaded SPMT car group 21 according to preset positions by using a crane; the distributing beam 4 is used for transmitting and dispersing the load generated by the self weight of the box girder 1 to the vehicle plate of the SPMT3, and the hoisting beam 5 is used as a cross beam for hoisting the bottom of the box girder 1.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, two SPMT3 are used to connect laterally by using the connecting box 6, and then the distribution beam 4 and the hoisting beam 5 are hoisted on the deck of the SPMT3 by using the crane according to the present embodiment for transporting the asymmetric box beam 1, the left-end preload SPMT car 21 arranges the distribution beam 4 and the hoisting beam 5 as shown in fig. 3, and the right-end preload SPMT car 21 arranges the distribution beam 4 and the hoisting beam 5 as shown in fig. 3, so as to meet the actual arrangement requirement.
And step S4, opening the two groups of pre-loaded SPMT car groups 21 to the bottoms of the two ends of the box girder 1 respectively for alignment, and enabling the plane positions of the distribution girder 4 and the hoisting girder 5 to reach preset positions.
Step S5, forming an outer side SPMT car group 22 by using two SPMT3, respectively opening two groups of outer side SPMT car groups 22 to the bottom of the outer sides of the two ends of the box girder 1, respectively placing two SPMT3 of each group of outer side SPMT car groups 22 on the two sides of the pre-loaded SPMT car group 21, placing the outer side SPMT car group 22 according to a pre-drawn positioning line, and jacking a car plate of the outer side SPMT car group 22 so as to load the distribution beam 4 and the hoisting beam 5 on the car plate of the outer side SPMT car group 22; and a beam-bottom rubber pad 7 can be distributed between the distribution beam 4 and the vehicle plate of the SPMT3 of the outer side SPMT vehicle group 22, and the thickness of the beam-bottom rubber pad 7 is 5-10 mm.
In this case, the two SPMTs 3 in the outer SPMT group 22 are not connected, that is, the two SPMTs 3 may move synchronously or separately, and may be selected according to the application requirements, and there is no particular limitation.
Step S6, lowering the pre-loaded SPMT car group 21 and opening the pre-loaded SPMT car group 21 out of the bottom of the box girder 1, then utilizing at least two SPMT3 to form a middle SPMT car group 23, respectively opening the two middle SPMT car groups 23 to the bottoms of the two ends of the box girder 1, placing the middle SPMT car group 23 according to a pre-drawn positioning line, placing the middle SPMT car group 23 between two SPMT3 of the outer SPMT car group 22, and utilizing the middle SPMT car group 23 to lift the distribution beam 4 and the hoisting beam 5 so as to adjust and align the two outer SPMT car groups 22 again; similarly, a beam-bottom rubber pad 7 can be distributed between the distribution beam 4 and the vehicle plate of the SPMT3 of the middle SPMT vehicle group 23, and the thickness of the distribution beam-bottom rubber pad 7 is 5-10 mm.
At this time, the two SPMTs 3 of the middle SPMT group 23 are not connected, that is, the two SPMTs 3 may move synchronously or separately, and may be selected according to the application requirements, and there is no particular limitation.
It is to be noted that when laying the car, a symmetrical arrangement of the SPMT3 should be ensured and the SPMT3 should be aligned with the end of the box girder 1 even beyond the end of the box girder 1, but since the movable steel buttresses 2 are arranged below the two ends of the box girder 1, the preloaded SPMT car 21 and the middle SPMT car 23 should be arranged next to the movable steel buttresses 2 and the outer SPMT car 22 should be aligned with the end of the box girder 1 even beyond the end of the box girder 1.
For example, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, the left preloaded SPMT consist 21 may move to the right and then up to the open position after being lowered, and the right preloaded SPMT consist 21 may move to the left and then up to the open position after being lowered; after both sets of preloaded SPMT cars 21 are moved apart, the middle SPMT car 23 is controlled to move between the two SPMTs in the outboard SPMT car 22.
In addition, in the actual jacking stage, the distribution beam 4 does not contact the SPMT3 on both sides of the outer SPMT group 22, and the method of emptying is such that the distribution beam 4 and the SPMT3 on both sides of the outer SPMT group 22 do not have the distribution beam-bottom rubber pads 7.
And step S7, adjusting all SPMTs 3 to a uniform height, installing distribution beam top rubber pads 8 and adjustable height supports 9 above the distribution beam 4, pre-tightening the adjustable height supports 9, and enabling the distribution beam top rubber pads 8 to be tightly attached to the bottom plate of the box beam 1.
For example, all the SPMT3 can be adjusted to the uniform height of 1300mm, the height-adjustable support 9 is a wedge-shaped wood block, and all the wedge-shaped wood blocks are knocked to tightly plug the gap at the bottom of the box girder 1 during installation, so that the load of each stress point on the supporting girder is ensured to be uniform, and the area of each supporting point is about 0.8m multiplied by 0.8 m.
Step S8, jacking the box girder 1 by using all SPMT3, and then transporting the box girder 1 to the deck of the transport ship 10; it should be noted that before transportation, it is ensured that the electrical and oil line connections and equipment commissioning of the parallel operation between all the train sets is completed.
In the process of loading the SPMT3 transport box girder 1, the pumping drainage system of the ballast water system of the transport ship 10 is used for adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast water tank in the ship cabin and adjusting the draft, the longitudinal inclination and the transverse inclination of the transport ship 10, so that the deck surface of the stern of the transport ship 10 is flush with the wharf surface, and the posture of the transport ship 10 meets the requirement of stability of loading the SPMT3 transport box girder 1.
It should be noted that, in the above operation, the SPMT3 is vertically arranged so that the length direction of the SPMT3 is consistent with the length direction of the box girder 1, the distribution girders 4 and the lifting girders 5 are transversely arranged on the top surface of the deck of the SPMT3, the distance between the distribution girders 4 is less than or equal to 6m at the same end of the box girder 1, and a distribution girder bottom rubber pad 7 can be arranged between the top surface of the deck of the SPMT3 and the distribution girders 4, and the first distribution girder 4 near the end of the box girder 1 is arranged next to the movable steel buttress 2.
In addition, in step S8, its more specific operation is as follows:
and S81, transporting the box girder 1 to the front edge of the wharf 13 by the SPMT3, aligning the stern of the transport ship 10 with the front edge of the wharf 13 for berthing, aligning the longitudinal center line of the train set formed by the SPMT3 with the longitudinal center line of the deck of the transport ship 10, and aligning the gravity centers of the SPMT3 and the box girder 1 with the longitudinal center line of the transport ship 10, so that the transverse inclination of the ship is reduced, and the stable transportation is realized.
Step S82, the transport ship 10 drives into a harbor basin of a wharf 13 at a low tide level, the stern of the transport ship 10 is aligned with the front edge of the wharf 13 to lean against and anchor, the longitudinal center line of the deck of the transport ship 10 is adjusted to be aligned and positioned with the center line of the wharf 13, a butt plate 14 between the stern of the transport ship 10 and the front edge of the wharf 13 is installed, then the ballast water and draft states of the transport ship 10 are adjusted to the states required by the beginning of rolling according to a ship load adjusting scheme, and the rolling is started at a proper tide level; the distance between the stern of the transport ship 10 and the front edge of the wharf 13 is controlled within 10-20 cm, the butt plate 14 is arranged between the stern deck of the transport ship 10 and the front edge of the wharf 13, and the butt plate 14 is made of a steel plate with the thickness of 2-4 cm.
Step S83, adjusting the height of the deck of the SPMT3 to a uniform height (such as 1500mm), and aligning the longitudinal center line of each SPMT3 combination with the center line of the wharf 13 and the longitudinal center line of the deck of the transport ship 10; with the rising of tide water, rolling and loading are started when a stern deck of the transport ship 10 is higher than a preset height (such as 5-10 cm) of the wharf 13, and the control can be divided into five stages of rolling and loading, loading of a front vehicle group, walking of the front vehicle group until a rear vehicle group reaches the front edge of the wharf 13, loading of the rear vehicle group, walking of the vehicle group to a pier position, driving of the SPMT3 to the ship at a constant speed, and the speed of the vehicle being less than or equal to 0.3 km/h.
In the process of loading the SPMT3 vehicle group, the transport ship 10 sinks, pitches and heels when loaded, the control method is that flood tide is utilized in the rolling process, dynamic load adjustment is carried out according to the monitoring result of the ship attitude, and the loading speed of the SPMT3 vehicle group is controlled, so that the attitude of the transport ship 10 meets the rolling requirement; when the attitude does not meet the requirement or changes too fast, the SPMT3 should pause, and continue to walk after the tide and load are increased (i.e. the amount of ballast water in the transport ship is adjusted) to meet the requirement.
Step S9, longitudinally arranging long steel buttress beams 11 between every two adjacent SPMT3 on the deck of the transport ship 10, arranging rubber supports 12 on the top surfaces of the buttress beams 11 below the bottoms of the distribution beams 4 and the hoisting beams 5, and stopping the walking and braking of the SPMT3 after the box girder 1 reaches a preset pier-falling position on the ship.
The box girder 1 is transported to the box girder installation position by a ship and then connected with hoisting girders 5 at two ends of the box girder 1 through a hoisting rod by a hoisting sling of a crane ship, the hoisting girders 1 are hoisted and installed, the hoisting girders 5 are unloaded after the box girder 1 is hoisted, and the hoisting girders 5, the distribution girders 4, the buttress girders 11 and the rubber support 12 are transported back to the precast girder factory along with the transport ship and are repeatedly used for transporting and installing other box girders.
In addition, the buttress beam 11 on the deck of the transport ship 10 is arranged between two rows of SPMT3 train units, a steel box beam is adopted, the height of the section is 100cm, the width is 60cm, and the gap between the steel box beam and wheels on two sides is 20 cm. The deviation of the plane position of the buttress beam 11 is less than or equal to 10mm, and the height difference of the top surface of the rubber support 12 is less than or equal to 5 mm; the total height 1250mm of the buttress beam 11 and the rubber support 12 is higher than the minimum height 1150mm of the SPMT3 so as to meet the unloading requirement, and is lower than the height 1500mm of the SPMT3 during roll-on so as to prevent the distribution beam 4 from colliding with the buttress beam 11 and the rubber support 12.
Step S10, the water ballast amount of each ballast water tank in the ship cabin is adjusted through a pumping drainage system of the ballast water system of the transport ship 10, the draft of the transport ship 10 and the longitudinal and transverse inclination of the deck are adjusted to meet the navigation requirement, the ship body of the transport ship 10 is deformed until the deck surface is positioned on a plane, and the top surfaces of all buttress beams 11 are positioned on a plane and the top surfaces of all rubber supports 12 on the buttress beams 11 are positioned on a plane.
In step S10, the ballast water amount in each ballast tank of the carrier 10 is adjusted so that the deck surface is on a single plane, and the cooperative deformation of the carrier 10, SPMT3, and the box girder 1 is completed.
Step S11, descending the vehicle plate of the SPMT3 to enable the top surface of a part of the rubber support 12 to be in contact with the bottom surface of the distribution beam 4 firstly, measuring and recording the height difference between the top surface of the rubber support 12 which is not in contact with the bottom of the distribution beam 4, uniformly jacking all the SPMT3 by 10-20 cm, and cushioning the top surfaces of the corresponding rubber supports 12 with steel plates with different thicknesses according to the recorded height difference;
and S12, synchronously descending the vehicle plate of the SPMT3 until the distribution beam 4 and the hoisting beam 5 at the bottom of the box girder 1 are completely unloaded on the rubber support 12 on the top surface of the buttress girder 11, separating the top surface of the vehicle plate of the SPMT3 from the bottom surfaces of the distribution beam 4 and the hoisting beam 5 to finish unloading the box girder 1, then singly opening the bottom of the box girder 1 by the SPMT3, unloading the ship by the aid of the access plate 14, and reinforcing the box girder 1 to finish loading the ship.
In the transportation process, the distribution beam 4 and the hoisting beam 5 transport the box girder 1 to an installation place along with the transport ship 10, the hoisting beam 5 is used as a cross beam for hoisting the bottom of the box girder 1, and after the box girder 1 is installed, the distribution beam 4 and the hoisting beam 5 can be transported back to a box girder prefabrication field along with the transport ship 10 for repeated use; it should be noted that during the transportation and shipment of the box girder 1, the bottom surface of the box girder 1 and the top surface of the lifting girder 5 should be kept from contacting each other.
Further, during the jacking process of the SPMT3, the following operations may be adopted:
1. the SPMT3 is assembled according to the design of the cloth vehicle, the vehicle plate is adjusted to be 1250mm in uniform height, the vehicle group consisting of the distribution beam 4, the height-adjustable support 9 and the SPMT3 is installed to wholly or partially drive into the preset position of the beam bottom of the box girder 1, then the vehicle plate of the SPMT3 is wholly lifted to the point where the wedge-shaped wood block is contacted with the lowest point of the beam bottom of the box girder 1, and the gap between the beam bottom of the box girder 1 and the distribution beam 4 is tightly plugged by the wedge-shaped wood block.
2. When the SPMT3 is lifted, four supporting areas are formed at two ends of the box girder 1 of each SPMT3, the four supporting areas are arranged at each end of the box girder 1 in a central symmetry manner, and jack oil circuits in each supporting area are connected in series; when the box girder 1 is jacked, the supporting area adjacent to the end part of the box girder 1 jacks the box girder 1 synchronously, and then the supporting area far away from the end part of the box girder 1 jacks the box girder 1 synchronously.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 6, for example, the trucks at the two ends of the box girder 1 are divided into 8 bilaterally symmetrical supporting areas, jack oil circuits in each supporting area are connected in series, then the box girder 1 is lifted up in 4 stages according to jack pressure and oil pressure meter reading, each stage of lifting up sequence is that four areas of C1, D1, C2 and D2 at the two ends are lifted up synchronously, then four areas of A1, B1, A2 and B2 are lifted up, the two ends of the box girder 1 are always kept stressed first, and the above operations are repeated until the bottom of the box girder 1 is separated from the top surface of the movable steel buttress 2 by about 10 cm.
3. In the process of jacking the SPMT3, if the box girder 1 is unevenly stressed or is not jacked locally, stopping jacking and unloading the falling piers, and then finely adjusting the positions of all SPMT3 integrally to the side with large oil pressure or the side without jacking the box girder 1; and (4) trial jacking after each SPMT3 is in place again, and repeating the steps until the reading deviation value of the oil pressure gauge of each supporting area meets the requirement, so that the centering is completed.
And when the reading deviation value of the oil pressure gauge of each supporting area is within the range of +/-5%, judging that the reading deviation value of the oil pressure gauge of each supporting area meets the requirement.
4. As shown in fig. 7, after the jacking is completed, all the vehicle plates of the SPMT3 are adjusted to a uniform height, and then the eight supporting areas are switched to three (E, F, G), wherein two supporting areas (E, F) are arranged at two sides of one end of the box girder 1, and the remaining one supporting area (G) is arranged at the other end of the box girder 1, and then the transportation is performed.
5. When the box girder 1 is unloaded, the supporting area far away from the end part of the box girder 1 synchronously descends the box girder 1, and then the supporting area near the end part of the box girder 1 synchronously descends the box girder 1.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A shipping and transporting method of a large prestressed concrete precast box girder is characterized by comprising the following steps,
step S1, simply supporting two ends of a box girder on a movable steel buttress, and dismantling a side die, an end die, a bottom plate bracket and a bottom die of the box girder after the concrete pouring and the tensioning of the prestressed tendons of the box girder are finished so as to reserve an SPMT vehicle entering space below the box girder;
step S2, calculating the position of the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder, designing the arrangement positions of the SPMT vehicle distribution, the distribution girder and the hoisting girder, marking the plane positions of the SPMT, the distribution girder and the hoisting girder on the ground below the box girder, and finishing the centering of the SPMT bearing center and the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder;
step S3, transversely connecting at least two SPMTs by using a connecting box to form a preloaded SPMT car group, and hoisting the distribution beam and the hoisting beam on a car plate of the preloaded SPMT car group according to a preset position by using a crane;
step S4, respectively opening the two groups of the pre-loaded SPMT vehicle groups to the bottoms of the two ends of the box girder to carry out alignment, so that the plane positions of the distribution girder and the hoisting girder reach preset positions;
step S5, forming an outer side SPMT car group by using two SPMTs, respectively opening the two outer side SPMT car groups to the bottom of the outer sides of the two ends of the box girder, respectively placing the two SPMTs of each outer side SPMT car group on the two sides of the preloaded SPMT car group, placing the outer side SPMT car group according to a pre-drawn positioning line, and jacking a car plate of the outer side SPMT car group so as to load the distribution beam and the hoisting beam onto the car plate of the outer side SPMT car group;
step S6, lowering the pre-loaded SPMT car groups and opening the bottom of the box girder, then forming a middle SPMT car group by using at least two SPMTs, respectively opening two groups of the middle SPMT car groups to the bottoms at the two ends of the box girder, placing the middle SPMT car group according to a pre-drawn positioning line, placing the middle SPMT car group between the two SPMTs of the outer SPMT car group, and jacking the distribution beam and the hoisting beam by using the middle SPMT car group so as to adjust and align the two groups of the outer SPMT car groups again;
step S7, adjusting all SPMTs to a uniform height, installing a distribution beam top rubber pad and an adjustable height support above the distribution beam, pre-tightening the adjustable height support, and enabling the distribution beam top rubber pad to be closely attached to the bottom plate of the box girder;
step S8, jacking the box girder by using all the SPMTs, and then transporting the box girder to a deck of a transport ship;
step S9, longitudinally arranging long-strip-shaped steel buttress beams between every two adjacent SPMTs on a deck of the transport ship, arranging rubber supports on the tops of the buttress beams below the distribution beams and the bottoms of the hoisting beams, and stopping the SPMTs from walking and braking after the box girder on the ship reaches a preset pier-falling position;
step S10, adjusting the ballast water amount of each ballast water tank in the ship cabin through a pumping drainage system of the ballast water system of the transport ship, adjusting the draft of the transport ship and the longitudinal and transverse inclination of a deck to meet the navigation requirement, and enabling the ship body of the transport ship to deform until the deck surface is positioned on a plane, so that the top surface of each buttress beam is positioned on a plane, and the top surfaces of the rubber supports on the buttress beams are positioned on a plane;
step S11, descending the vehicle plate of the SPMT to enable the top surface of part of the rubber support to be firstly contacted with the bottom surface of the distribution beam, measuring and recording the height difference between the top surface of the rubber support and the bottom of the distribution beam which are not contacted, uniformly jacking all the SPMT by 10-20 cm, and cushioning the top surfaces of the corresponding rubber supports with steel plates with different thicknesses according to the recorded height difference;
and S12, synchronously descending the SPMT vehicle plates until the distribution beam and the hoisting beam at the bottom of the box girder are completely unloaded onto the rubber support on the top surface of the buttress girder, separating the top surface of the SPMT vehicle plates from the distribution beam and the bottom surface of the hoisting beam to finish unloading of the box girder, then singly opening the bottom of the box girder by the SPMT, opening a ship through a butt strap, and reinforcing the box girder to finish loading the ship.
2. The shipment method according to claim 1,
in step S8, the SPMT transports the box girder to the leading edge of the dock, the stern of the carrier ship is moored against the leading edge of the dock, the longitudinal centerline of each SPMT component consist is aligned with the deck longitudinal centerline of the carrier ship, and the center of gravity of the SPMT and the box girder is aligned with the longitudinal centerline of the carrier ship.
3. The shipment method according to claim 2,
in step S8, the carrier ship drives into the harbor basin of the dock at a low tide level, the stern of the carrier ship is aligned with the front edge of the dock and anchored, the longitudinal center line of the deck of the carrier ship is adjusted to be aligned and positioned with the center line of the dock, a butt plate between the stern of the carrier ship and the front edge of the dock is installed, then the ballast water volume and the draft state of the carrier ship are adjusted to the state required for starting the roll-on, and the roll-on is started at a proper tide level.
4. The shipment method according to claim 3,
in step S8, adjusting the deck height of the SPMTs to a uniform height, the longitudinal centerline of each SPMT component consist aligned with the dock centerline and the deck longitudinal centerline of the carrier; and (4) starting rolling when a stern deck of the transport ship is higher than the preset height of the wharf along with the rising of tide water.
5. The shipment method according to claim 1,
in step S10, the ballast water amount in each ballast tank of the transport ship is adjusted so that the deck surface is on a plane, and the cooperative deformation of the transport ship, the SPMT, and the box girder is completed.
6. The method of shipboard transportation of claim 1, wherein a first of the distribution beams at the box beam ends is positioned proximate the movable steel pier.
7. The shipment method according to claim 1,
in step S2, calculating the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder, labeling the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder on the bottom surface of the box girder and the ground, and drawing a theoretical center of gravity of the box girder parallel to the connection line of the midpoints at the two ends of the bottom plate of the box girder on the bottom surface of the box girder and the ground through the theoretical center of gravity of the box girder; and marking the plane position of each SPMT on the ground, so that the longitudinal center line of a subsequent vehicle group formed by each SPMT is superposed with the theoretical gravity center line of the box girder.
8. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the SPMTs are lifted, each SPMT forms four support areas at two ends of the box girder, the four support areas are arranged in a central symmetry manner at each end of the box girder, and jack oil circuits in each support area are connected in series; when the box girder is jacked, the supporting area close to the end part of the box girder jacks the box girder synchronously, and then the supporting area far away from the end part of the box girder jacks the box girder synchronously.
9. The shipment method according to claim 8,
in the process of jacking the SPMT, if the box girder is stressed unevenly or is not jacked locally, jacking and unloading the falling pier are stopped, and then the position of the SPMT is adjusted finely to the side with large oil pressure or the side without jacking;
and (4) trial jacking after each SPMT is in place again, and repeating the steps until the reading deviation value of the oil pressure gauge of each supporting area meets the requirement, thereby completing centering.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein after the jacking, all the SPMT vehicle plates are adjusted to a uniform height, and then eight supporting areas are switched to three, two supporting areas are arranged on two sides of one end of the box girder, and the remaining supporting area is arranged on the other end of the box girder, and then the transportation is performed.
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| CN112081011B (en) | 2021-11-19 |
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Effective date of registration: 20220822 Address after: 510290 No. 368 Lijiao Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: CCCC Fourth Harbor Engineering Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: THE SECOND ENGINEERING COMPANY OF CCCC FOURTH HARBOR ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: CHINA ROAD & BRIDGE Corp. Address before: No. 368, Lijiao Road, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000 Patentee before: CCCC Fourth Harbor Engineering Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: THE SECOND ENGINEERING COMPANY OF CCCC FOURTH HARBOR ENGINEERING Co.,Ltd. |