CN112080929A - Boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification - Google Patents
Boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
- D06L4/13—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen using inorganic agents
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- D06L—DRY-CLEANING, WASHING OR BLEACHING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR MADE-UP FIBROUS GOODS; BLEACHING LEATHER OR FURS
- D06L4/00—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs
- D06L4/10—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen
- D06L4/12—Bleaching fibres, filaments, threads, yarns, fabrics, feathers or made-up fibrous goods; Bleaching leather or furs using agents which develop oxygen combined with specific additives
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- D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
- D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
- D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
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- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
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- D06M16/00—Biochemical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. enzymatic
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- D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
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- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of hemp fiber spinning, in particular to a boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (I), acid washing neutralization (II), biochemical modification (III), primary oxygen bleaching (IV), secondary oxygen bleaching (V), water washing neutralization (VI) and lubricant passing. The invention adopts the new concept of 'spinning before bleaching', namely the process degumming process of boiling and bleaching the spun yarn, so that the spun yarn is more uniform after final bleaching, the strength is ensured, the yarn quality is good, the end breakage rate is greatly reduced, and the obtained flax spun yarn is more fluffy among fibers, has gaps and has softer hand feeling; the chlorine-free oxygen bleaching process is adopted, and the discharged sewage does not contain pollutants such as AOX, phosphorus, nitrogen, APEO, NPEO and the like, thereby being beneficial to environmental protection. The invention has simple boiling and bleaching process, less hairiness of spun yarn, small strength damage of hemp fiber, effectively reduces the problem of yarn breakage rate, leads the yarn to be softer and looser, saves water and energy, and greatly saves the boiling and bleaching cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hemp fiber spinning, in particular to a boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification.
Background
Hemp is one of the earliest cultivated and utilized fibers in the world, Chinese hemp has two types of early ripening and late ripening, the early ripening fiber is excellent in quality, such as hemp belongs to the fiber, and the late ripening fiber is coarse and hard, such as quince and kangzhou hemp belong to the fiber. Because hemp fiber contains a large amount of colloid, part of pectin, lignin and other colloid substances in hemp fiber must be removed through degumming, the splitting degree of hemp fiber is improved, and necessary slippage between fibers during the drafting of spun yarn is ensured, so that the quality of flax spun yarn is improved. The degumming process of hemp fiber is actually a refined cellulose process, and has two main requirements, namely, on one hand, the degumming process removes the colloid in the raw hemp to ensure that the colloid meets the quality requirement of textile engineering, and on the other hand, the damage to the hemp fiber is required to be reduced as much as possible. With the proposal of the green textile concept, the biological enzyme is gradually applied to the boiling-off of the flax roving, and the boiling-off of the flax roving enzyme has the advantages of mild action, environmental protection, energy conservation, small fiber damage in the treatment process and the like. Degumming is a key link in flax processing, and the degumming effect directly influences the yarn quality of the final spun yarn.
At present, pure flax yarn is mainly spun through a wet spinning process in China, and before the pure flax yarn is wet spun, the pure flax yarn is degummed through thick yarn boiling and bleaching to obtain the spun yarn with higher finished yarn quality. The traditional process is to directly perform boiling, bleaching and degumming treatment on the rough yarn, namely, the rough yarn is boiled and bleached firstly, and then spun yarn is spun.
Patent CN 105862141 a, a normal temperature scouring and bleaching process of ramie, comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the steps of removing a binding handle, pickling, boiling and bleaching, washing, re-boiling, scutching, pickling, refining, oiling, dehydrating and drying, reduces the damage to ramie fibers, realizes high-quality products and meets the requirements of high-end consumers through a special process method, and meanwhile, the method has the advantages of low production cost, short period and easy operation. Patent CN 107700202A discloses a bath scouring and bleaching process in the mercerization process of cotton fabrics, 1) placing cotton fabric yarns in bath liquid in a scouring and bleaching kettle, and adding hydrogen peroxide, a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, a refining agent and core penetrating oil into the bath liquid in the scouring and bleaching kettle when the internal temperature of the scouring and bleaching kettle reaches 50-60 ℃; 2) after adding hydrogen peroxide, a hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, a refining agent and the core penetrating oil in the step 1), gradually raising the temperature in the scouring and bleaching kettle to 105-125 ℃, and preserving the heat of the cotton fabric yarns in the scouring and bleaching kettle for 110-130 min; 3) after the heat preservation treatment in the step 2) is finished, discharging the bath liquid in the boiling and bleaching kettle, and carrying out hot water washing treatment on the cotton fabric yarns in the boiling and bleaching kettle by using hot water at the temperature of 75-95 ℃, wherein the washing time is 20-35 min; 4) after the hot water washing treatment in the step 3) is finished, cold water washing treatment is carried out on the cotton fabric yarn by adopting cold water at the temperature of 15-30 ℃, and the washing time is 10-15 min; and taking out the cotton fabric yarn after the cold water washing treatment is finished. Patent CN 109403013 a discloses a boiling and bleaching process for combining flax roving enzyme treatment and sub-oxygen bleaching, 1) flax roving enzyme treatment (2), acid washing (3), sub-bleaching (4), water washing (5), and oxygen bleaching 6).
It can be seen from the above patent that, firstly, they are all a "float-before-spin" route, which is a roving, then boil-and-float, and finally a spun yarn. That is, the roving is scoured and degummed. The quality of the boiling and bleaching process control is the key in the yarn quality of the final spun yarn, because after the linen yarn is spun into the rough yarn, if the boiling and bleaching process is too light, the impurities are not completely removed, the nep amount is large, the linen fibers are hidden in the rough yarn, if the boiling and bleaching degree is heavy, and the pectin amount of the linen fibers is seriously removed, the strength of the rough yarn can be directly influenced, and the strength of the final spun yarn is reduced. Moreover, since the roving itself has uneven fiber thickness, the roving becomes more uneven after boiling and bleaching, resulting in irreversible unevenness of the spun yarn, and frequent yarn breakage occurs during spinning of the spun yarn, which directly affects the hand feeling and strength of the final linen fabric. Then, the traditional roving scouring and bleaching process usually needs 4-6 hours of treatment time, needs a large amount of water for acid washing and neutralization, has long process duration, large medicament and water consumption, high cost and restricted production efficiency, increases the discharge of sewage and is not beneficial to environmental protection.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing the scouring and bleaching process based on the hemp fiber chemical biological modification, which has the advantages of simple scouring and bleaching process, capability of reducing the hairiness of spun yarns, small strong damage to hemp fibers, effective reduction of the yarn breakage rate, softer and looser yarns, water and energy conservation and great saving of scouring and bleaching cost.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification comprises the following steps:
acid washing neutralization:
(1) adding abluent into a boiling pan, heating for 5-10 min, adding substitute acid and degumming agent into the boiling pan, stirring, washing with water, heating to 50-80 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 20min, and discharging no liquid;
(2) adding weighed substitution alkali into a boiling pot, adjusting the pH value to 8-9, keeping the temperature of 50-80 ℃ for 20min, keeping the residual liquid, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8-1:15, and discharging liquid;
(II) biochemical modification:
(1) adding the degummed compound enzyme, biological enzyme, detergent and degumming agent into the auxiliary cylinder, mixing uniformly, putting into a boiling pot, keeping the temperature at 60 deg.C for 30min, adding activating agent, and continuing to keep the temperature at 60 deg.C for 30min, discharging liquid, and controlling the bath ratio at 1:8-1: 15;
(III) primary oxygen bleaching:
(1) uniformly mixing an oxygen bleaching auxiliary agent, soda ash, a pretreatment auxiliary agent and a degumming catalyst in an auxiliary cylinder, then putting the mixture into a saucepan, and starting heating operation;
(2) adding 1/2 technological quantity of flake caustic soda into the boiling pot, and adding 27.5 mass percent of hydrogen peroxide into the auxiliary cylinder;
(3) when the temperature of the boiling pot rises to 90 ℃, adding the rest caustic soda flakes, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8, continuously keeping the temperature at 90 ℃ for 60min, and discharging liquid;
(IV) secondary oxygen bleaching:
(1) 1-2g/L of flake caustic soda, 2-4g/L of sodium carbonate, 2-4g/L of abluent and 2-4g/L of degumming agent are mixed evenly in an auxiliary cylinder and then put into a boiler, and the operation of temperature rise is started; adding 27.5 percent of hydrogen peroxide by mass into the auxiliary cylinder at 70 ℃;
(3) heating the boiler to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40 minutes, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8-1:15, and discharging liquid;
and (V) washing and neutralizing:
(1) placing the hemp fiber in a washing machine, washing with water at 80 ℃ for one time, and controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8-1: 15;
(2) adding the deoxyenzyme into a washing machine, carrying out deoxygenation and washing once at 50 ℃, and controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8-1: 15;
(VI) lubricant passing:
adding lubricant into the washing machine, controlling the temperature at 40 ℃, discharging liquid after 15min of treatment, and controlling the bath ratio at 1:8-1: 15.
In the boiling and bleaching process based on the chemical and biological modification of the hemp fibers, the adding amount of the abluent in the step (I) is 1-2g/L, the adding amount of the substitute acid is 5-15g/L, the adding amount of the degumming agent is 2-5g/L, and the adding amount of the substitute alkali is 3-6 g/L.
In the boiling and bleaching process based on the chemical and biological modification of the hemp fibers, the addition amount of the degumming compound enzyme in the step (II) is 1.5-3g/L, the addition amount of the biological enzyme is 0.5-1g/L, the addition amount of the abluent is 2-5g/L, the addition amount of the degumming agent is 1-3g/L, the addition amount of the activating agent is 3-5g/L, and the addition amount of the modifying agent is 3-5 g/L.
In the boiling and bleaching process based on the chemical and biological modification of the hemp fibers, in the step (III), the addition amount of the oxygen bleaching auxiliary is 3-10g/L, the addition amount of the soda ash is 2-5g/L, the addition amount of the pretreatment auxiliary is 1-3g/L, the addition amount of the degumming catalyst is 2-5g/L, and the addition amount of the caustic soda flakes is 3-5 g/L.
In the boiling and bleaching process based on the chemical and biological modification of the hemp fibers, the addition amount of the caustic soda flakes in the step (IV) is 1-2g/L, the addition amount of the soda ash is 2-5g/L, the addition amount of the abluent is 2-4g/L, the addition amount of the degumming agent is 2-4g/L, the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 8-12g/L, the addition amount of the deoxyenzyme in the step (V) is 0.2g/L, and the addition amount of the lubricant in the step (VI) is 0.2 g/L.
According to the boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification, the degumming composite enzyme is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight:
xylanase: 6% -9%;
cellulase: 2% -5%;
and (3) pectinase: 20% -25%;
chelating dispersant: 35% -44%;
inhibitor (B): 16% -34%;
nonionic polymer surfactant: 1 to 3 percent.
According to the boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification, the degumming composite enzyme comprises the following specific components in percentage by weight:
xylanase: 7 percent;
cellulase: 4 percent;
and (3) pectinase: 22 percent;
chelating dispersant: 39 percent;
inhibitor (B): 26 percent;
nonionic polymer surfactant: 2 percent.
In the boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification, the chelating dispersant is maleic acrylic acid copolymer, the inhibitor is one or more of zinc sulfate, tannin and carboxymethyl cellulose, and the nonionic macromolecular surfactant is one or more of chitosan, sodium alginate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
The scouring and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical biological modification comprises the steps of washing, bleaching and bleaching, wherein the washing is one or two of foamless alkaline oil and a reducing cleaning agent, the biological enzyme is one or more of lipase, protease and catalase, the activating agent is one or more of ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and ammonium hydroxide, the modifying agent is one or two of sodium polyacrylate and sodium aliphatate, the degumming agent is one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium oxalate and sodium acetate, and the pretreatment auxiliary agent is one or more of a mixture of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, polyacrylic acid and polyhydroxyacrylic acid.
According to the scouring and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical biological modification, the oxygen bleaching auxiliary agent is the Marlon copolymer, and the degumming catalyst is one or two of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and an anionic surfactant.
The boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the invention adopts a new concept of 'spinning before bleaching', namely a process for boiling and bleaching spun yarns. The spun yarn is subjected to double-oxygen bleaching, the spun yarn is twisted to form a yarn, the roving is not boiled and bleached, and pectin is not damaged, so that the spun yarn is ensured to have certain strength after being spun into the spun yarn, and the fiber length of a bundle in the roving is not damaged, so that the spun yarn is ensured to be more uniform and ensured to have high strength after being finally bleached, the yarn forming quality is good, the end breakage rate is greatly reduced, and the obtained flax spun yarn is more fluffy among fibers, has gaps, and is softer in hand feeling. Secondly, the invention adopts low-alkali mild auxiliary agents such as substituted acid, substituted alkali, degumming agent, biological enzyme and the like, reduces the damage to cellulose, protects natural pigment of the original ramie by utilizing the specificity of the biological enzyme, realizes the coloring of biological stock solution, improves the yarn evenness, improves the long-piece short unevenness and short-segment unevenness of the spun yarn, reduces the number of neps and improves the yield; meanwhile, a chlorine-free bleaching process is adopted, and the discharged sewage does not contain pollutants such as AOX, phosphorus, nitrogen, APEO, NPEO and the like, thereby being beneficial to environmental protection. Thirdly, by adding the degumming composite enzyme and the biological enzyme, the reasonable utilization of the degumming composite enzyme and the biological enzyme reduces the hairiness of the yarn, creates conditions for spinning high count yarn, and the spun yarn is soft and glossy. Fourthly, the boiling and bleaching process combining biological and chemical methods is adopted, the whole process time is saved by 1 to 1.5 hours compared with the traditional process, 3 to 5 cylinders are saved for water washing, the water is saved by 40 percent, and the energy is saved by 30 percent. The method ensures higher yarn forming rate and yarn forming quality of the flax spun yarn by boiling and bleaching the spun yarn, can reduce hairiness of the yarn, has small strength damage to fibrilia, improves the dye uptake of the yarn, and has good fastness, bright and full color and higher spinnability.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples;
the first embodiment is as follows:
acid washing neutralization:
(1) adding 1g/L foam-free alkaline oil into a boiler, heating for 5 minutes, adding 5g/L substitutive acid and 2g/L sodium bicarbonate into the boiler, uniformly stirring, operating a water washing machine, heating to 50 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, and discharging no liquid;
(2) then adding 3g/L substitute alkali into the boiling pot, adjusting the pH value to 8, keeping the temperature at 50 ℃ for 20min, then keeping the residual liquid, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8, and discharging the liquid;
(II) biochemical modification:
(1) adding 1.5g/L degumming complex enzyme, 0.5g/L lipase, 2g/L non-foam alkaline oil and 1g/L sodium bicarbonate into an auxiliary vat, mixing uniformly, pumping into a boiling pot, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for 30min, adding 3g/L ammonium sulfate, adding 3g/L sodium polyacrylate, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for 30min, draining, and controlling the bath ratio to be 1: 8;
(III) primary oxygen bleaching:
(1) uniformly mixing 3g/L of propylene-maleic copolymer, 2g/L of soda, 1g/L of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether and 2g/L of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate in an auxiliary cylinder, putting the mixture into a boiling pot, and starting heating operation;
(2) adding 1/2 technological quantity of flake caustic soda into the boiling pot, and adding 27.5 mass percent of hydrogen peroxide into the auxiliary cylinder;
(3) when the temperature of the boiling pot rises to 90 ℃, adding the rest flake caustic soda, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8, continuously keeping the temperature at 90 ℃ for 60min, and discharging liquid, wherein the addition amount of the flake caustic soda is 3 g/L;
(IV) secondary oxygen bleaching:
(1) 1g/L of flake caustic soda, 2g/L of foamless alkaline oil and 2g/L of sodium bicarbonate are uniformly mixed in an auxiliary cylinder and then are put into a boiler, and the temperature is raised; adding 27.5% of hydrogen peroxide by mass into the auxiliary cylinder at 70 ℃, wherein the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 8 g/L;
(3) heating the boiler to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40 minutes, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8, and discharging liquid;
and (V) washing and neutralizing:
(1) placing the hemp fiber in a washing machine, washing with water at 80 ℃ for one time, and controlling the bath ratio to be 1: 8;
(2) adding 0.2g/L of deoxyenzyme into a washing machine, and carrying out deoxygenation and washing once at 50 ℃ with water, wherein the bath ratio is controlled to be 1: 8;
(VI) lubricant passing:
adding 0.2g/L lubricant into the washing machine, controlling the temperature at 40 deg.C, discharging liquid after 15min treatment, and controlling the bath ratio at 1: 8.
The degumming composite enzyme is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight:
xylanase: 6 percent;
cellulase: 2 percent;
and (3) pectinase: 20 percent;
a chelating dispersant; 44%;
inhibitor (B): 27%;
nonionic polymer surfactant: 1 percent.
Example two:
acid washing neutralization:
(1) firstly, adding 1.5g/L of reducing cleaning agent into a boiler, heating to run for 7 minutes, then adding 10g/L of substitute acid and 3.5g/L of sodium oxalate into the boiler, uniformly stirring, operating a washing machine, heating to 65 ℃, preserving heat for 20 minutes, and not discharging liquid;
(2) then adding substitute alkali weighed and added in an amount of 4.5g/L into a boiling pot, adjusting the pH value to 8.5, keeping the temperature at 65 ℃ for 20min, then reserving residual liquid, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:11, and discharging liquid;
(II) biochemical modification:
(1) adding the degummed compound enzyme with the addition amount of 2.3g/L, catalase with the addition amount of 0.8g/L, reductive cleaner with the addition amount of 3.5g/L and sodium oxalate with the addition amount of 2g/L into an auxiliary cylinder, uniformly mixing, pumping into a boiling pot, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for 30min, adding ferrous sulfate with the addition amount of 4g/L, continuously keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for 30min, draining, and controlling the bath ratio to be 1: 11;
(III) primary oxygen bleaching:
(1) uniformly mixing 6.5g/L of propylene-maleic copolymer, 3.5g/L of soda, 2g/L of polyacrylic acid, 1.4g/L of anionic surfactant and 2.1g/L of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate in an auxiliary cylinder, then putting the mixture into a boiler, and starting to heat up;
(2) adding 1/2 technological quantity of flake caustic soda into the boiling pot, and adding 27.5 mass percent of hydrogen peroxide into the auxiliary cylinder;
(3) when the temperature of the boiling pot rises to 90 ℃, adding the rest flake caustic soda, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8, continuously keeping the temperature at 90 ℃ for 60min, and discharging liquid, wherein the addition amount of the flake caustic soda is 4 g/L;
(IV) secondary oxygen bleaching:
(1) adding 1.5g/L flake caustic soda, 3.5g/L soda ash, 3g/L reductive cleaner and 3g/L sodium oxalate into an auxiliary cylinder, mixing uniformly, feeding into a boiling pot, and starting heating; adding 27.5% of hydrogen peroxide by mass into the auxiliary cylinder at 70 ℃, wherein the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 10 g/L;
(3) heating the boiler to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40 minutes, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:11, and discharging liquid;
and (V) washing and neutralizing:
(1) placing the hemp fiber in a washing machine, washing with water at 80 ℃ for one time, and controlling the bath ratio to be 1: 11;
(2) adding 0.2g/L of deoxyenzyme into a washing machine, and carrying out deoxygenation and washing once at 50 ℃ with water, wherein the bath ratio is controlled to be 1: 11;
(VI) lubricant passing:
adding 0.2g/L lubricant into the washing machine, controlling the temperature at 40 deg.C, discharging liquid after 15min treatment, and controlling the bath ratio at 1: 11.
The degumming composite enzyme is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight:
xylanase: 7 percent;
cellulase: 4 percent;
and (3) pectinase: 22 percent;
chelating dispersant: 39 percent;
inhibitor (B): 26 percent;
nonionic polymer surfactant: 2 percent.
Example three:
acid washing neutralization:
(1) adding 2g/L foam-free alkaline oil into a boiler, heating for 10 minutes, adding 15g/L substitutive acid and 5g/L sodium acetate into the boiler, uniformly stirring, operating a water washing machine, heating to 80 ℃, keeping the temperature for 20min, and discharging no liquid;
(2) then adding 6g/L substitute alkali into the boiler, adjusting the pH value to 9, keeping the temperature at 80 ℃ for 20min, keeping the residual liquid, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:15, and discharging the liquid;
(II) biochemical modification:
(1) adding 3g/L degumming complex enzyme, 1g/L protease, 5g/L non-foam alkaline oil and 3g/L sodium acetate into an auxiliary cylinder, mixing uniformly, putting into a boiling pot, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for 30min, adding 5g/L ammonium hydroxide, adding 5g/L sodium polyacrylate, keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for 30min, and draining, wherein the bath ratio is controlled to be 1: 15;
(III) primary oxygen bleaching:
(1) uniformly mixing 10g/L of propylene-maleic copolymer, 5g/L of soda, 3g/L of polyhydroxyacrylic acid mixture and 5g/L of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate in an auxiliary cylinder, putting the mixture into a boiling pot, and starting to heat up;
(2) adding 1/2 technological quantity of flake caustic soda into the boiling pot, and adding 27.5 mass percent of hydrogen peroxide into the auxiliary cylinder;
(3) when the temperature of the boiling pot rises to 90 ℃, adding the rest flake caustic soda, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8, continuously keeping the temperature at 90 ℃ for 60min, and discharging liquid, wherein the addition amount of the flake caustic soda is 5 g/L;
(IV) secondary oxygen bleaching:
(1) adding 2g/L flake caustic soda, 5g/L soda, 4g/L foam-free alkaline oil and 4g/L sodium acetate into an auxiliary cylinder, mixing uniformly, putting into a boiler, and starting to heat up; adding 27.5% of hydrogen peroxide by mass into the auxiliary cylinder at 70 ℃, wherein the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 12 g/L;
(3) heating the boiler to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40 minutes, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:15, and discharging liquid;
and (V) washing and neutralizing:
(1) placing the hemp fiber in a washing machine, washing with water at 80 ℃ for one time, and controlling the bath ratio to be 1: 15;
(2) adding 0.2g/L of deoxyenzyme into a washing machine, and carrying out deoxygenation and washing once at 50 ℃ with water, wherein the bath ratio is controlled to be 1: 15;
(VI) lubricant passing:
adding 0.2g/L lubricant into a washing machine, controlling the temperature at 40 ℃, discharging liquid after 15min of treatment, and controlling the bath ratio at 1: 15.
The degumming composite enzyme is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight:
xylanase: 9 percent;
cellulase: 5 percent;
and (3) pectinase: 25 percent;
chelating dispersant: 35 percent;
inhibitor (B): 23 percent;
nonionic polymer surfactant: 3 percent.
The lubricant in the above embodiment is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 3-6% of tetraethoxy quaternary ammonium salt, 88092-3% of polyoxyethylene ether, 6-9% of silicon wax, 3-5503-6% of silane coupling agent KN, 502-3% of catalyst T, 15-20% of D4 octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, 0.5-1.5% of glacial acetic acid and the balance of deionized water.
The method adopts low-temperature oxygen bleaching, reduces the damage to fibrilia, reduces the fibrilia loss, lightens the damage to weak knots, improves the yarn evenness, improves the short unevenness and the short uneven section of the spun yarn, and reduces the number of the neps; the spinning machine has the advantages that the spinning machine has an economical and reasonable temperature rise curve, energy and time are saved, bidirectional washing is realized, the layer difference between rough yarns is reduced, the rough yarn lubricant is used, the force of a drafting zone of the spinning machine is more uniform, the minimum strength is improved, the strong CV value is reduced, the spun yarns are fluffy and soft after spinning, and the spooling efficiency is improved. The subsequent spun yarn dyeing is not influenced, and the end breakage rate in the weaving process is reduced. The whole process time is 1-1.5 hours less than that of the traditional process. The boiling and bleaching process has less liquid discharge times, so that 3-5 cylinders of water washing can be saved, 40% of water is saved, and 30% of energy is saved; the reasonable process route design utilizes the organic acid to replace sulfuric acid, the sulfuric acid has great damage to fibers and is a dangerous product, the process operation has a safety problem, and the organic acid not only reduces the damage of the acid to the fibers, but also improves the yield of spun yarns. The boiling and bleaching process of the invention can ensure that the linen fiber has high dye-uptake, good fastness, bright and full color, higher spinnability and yarn yield, water and energy conservation.
According to the invention, a treatment process is designed according to the chemical composition of the flax fibers, such as cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, lignin, lipo-waxy substances, nitrogen-containing substances, pigments and the like, so that the polymerization degree, the crystallinity and the orientation degree of the fibers are reduced, the residual quantity of the treated hemp fibers, pectin and lignin is in a range suitable for dyeing and finishing, and the hemicellulose is kept as complete as possible, so that the flax fiber dyeing machine has good dyeing rate, good fastness and bright and full color; the spun yarn has high spinnability and high yarn yield.
The residual pectin was tested as follows:
| item | Absorbance (A) | Transmittance (%) |
| Outer layer yarn | 1.63 | 2.03 |
| Middle layer yarn | 1.49 | 2.93 |
| Inner layer yarn | 1.43 | 1.41 |
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention accordingly. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present disclosure should be covered within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acid washing neutralization:
(1) adding abluent into a boiling pan, heating for 5-10 min, adding substitute acid and degumming agent into the boiling pan, stirring, washing with water, heating to 50-80 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 20min, and discharging no liquid;
(2) adding weighed substitution alkali into a boiling pot, adjusting the pH value to 8-9, keeping the temperature of 50-80 ℃ for 20min, keeping the residual liquid, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8-1:15, and discharging liquid;
(II) biochemical modification:
(1) adding the degummed compound enzyme, biological enzyme, detergent and degumming agent into the auxiliary cylinder, mixing uniformly, putting into a boiling pot, keeping the temperature at 60 deg.C for 30min, adding activating agent, and continuing to keep the temperature at 60 deg.C for 30min, discharging liquid, and controlling the bath ratio at 1:8-1: 15;
(III) primary oxygen bleaching:
(1) uniformly mixing an oxygen bleaching auxiliary agent, soda ash, a pretreatment auxiliary agent and a degumming catalyst in an auxiliary cylinder, then putting the mixture into a saucepan, and starting heating operation;
(2) adding 1/2 technological quantity of flake caustic soda into the boiling pot, and adding 27.5 mass percent of hydrogen peroxide into the auxiliary cylinder;
(3) when the temperature of the boiling pot rises to 90 ℃, adding the rest caustic soda flakes, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8, continuously keeping the temperature at 90 ℃ for 60min, and discharging liquid;
(IV) secondary oxygen bleaching:
(1) mixing caustic soda flakes, soda ash, detergent and degumming agent uniformly in an auxiliary cylinder, putting into a boiling pot, and starting to heat up; adding 27.5 percent of hydrogen peroxide by mass into the auxiliary cylinder at 70 ℃;
(3) heating the boiler to 90 ℃, keeping the temperature for 40 minutes, controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8-1:15, and discharging liquid;
and (V) washing and neutralizing:
(1) placing the hemp fiber in a washing machine, washing with water at 80 ℃ for one time, and controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8-1: 15;
(2) adding the deoxyenzyme into a washing machine, carrying out deoxygenation and washing once at 50 ℃, and controlling the bath ratio to be 1:8-1: 15;
(VI) lubricant passing:
adding lubricant into the washing machine, controlling the temperature at 40 ℃, discharging liquid after 15min of treatment, and controlling the bath ratio at 1:8-1: 15.
2. The poaching and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (I), the adding amount of the abluent is 1-2g/L, the adding amount of the substitute acid is 5-15g/L, the adding amount of the degumming agent is 2-5g/L, and the adding amount of the substitute alkali is 3-6 g/L.
3. The boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the adding amount of the degumming complex enzyme in the step (II) is 1.5-3g/L, the adding amount of the biological enzyme is 0.5-1g/L, the adding amount of the abluent is 2-5g/L, the adding amount of the degumming agent is 1-3g/L, the adding amount of the activating agent is 3-5g/L, and the adding amount of the modifying agent is 3-5 g/L.
4. The boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (III), the addition amount of the oxygen bleaching assistant is 3-10g/L, the addition amount of the soda ash is 2-5g/L, the addition amount of the pretreatment assistant is 1-3g/L, the addition amount of the degumming catalyst is 2-5g/L, and the addition amount of the caustic soda flakes is 3-5 g/L.
5. The boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the addition amount of the caustic soda flakes in the step (IV) is 1-2g/L, the addition amount of the soda ash is 2-5g/L, the addition amount of the detergent is 2-4g/L, the addition amount of the degumming agent is 2-4g/L, the addition amount of the hydrogen peroxide is 8-12g/L, the addition amount of the deoxyenzyme in the step (V) is 0.2g/L, and the addition amount of the lubricant in the step (VI) is 0.2 g/L.
6. The scouring and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification of claim 1, wherein the degumming complex enzyme is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight:
xylanase: 6% -9%;
cellulase: 2% -5%;
and (3) pectinase: 20% -25%;
chelating dispersant: 35% -44%;
inhibitor (B): 16% -34%;
nonionic polymer surfactant: 1 to 3 percent.
7. The scouring and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification as claimed in claim 6, wherein the degumming complex enzyme comprises the following specific components in percentage by weight:
xylanase: 7 percent;
cellulase: 4 percent;
and (3) pectinase: 22 percent;
chelating dispersant: 39 percent;
inhibitor (B): 26 percent;
nonionic polymer surfactant: 2 percent.
8. The boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the chelating dispersant is maleic acrylic acid copolymer, the inhibitor is one or more of zinc sulfate, tannin and carboxymethyl cellulose, and the nonionic macromolecular surfactant is one or more of chitosan, sodium alginate and fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether.
9. The boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the detergent is one or two of foamless alkaline oil and a reducing cleaning agent, the biological enzyme is one or more of lipase, protease and catalase, the activating agent is one or more of ammonium sulfate, ferrous sulfate and ammonium hydroxide, the modifying agent is one or more of sodium polyacrylate and sodium fatty acid, the degumming agent is one or more of sodium bicarbonate, sodium oxalate and sodium acetate, and the pretreatment auxiliary agent is one or more of a mixture of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether, polyacrylic acid and polyhydroxyacrylic acid.
10. The boiling and bleaching process based on hemp fiber chemical and biological modification as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the oxygen bleaching auxiliary agent is a propylene-maleic anhydride copolymer, and the degumming catalyst is one or two of sodium metasilicate pentahydrate and an anionic surfactant.
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