CN112080400A - Method and equipment for preparing biogas through anaerobic fermentation of biomass - Google Patents
Method and equipment for preparing biogas through anaerobic fermentation of biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN112080400A CN112080400A CN202010970703.2A CN202010970703A CN112080400A CN 112080400 A CN112080400 A CN 112080400A CN 202010970703 A CN202010970703 A CN 202010970703A CN 112080400 A CN112080400 A CN 112080400A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
- C05F9/04—Biological compost
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/38—Caps; Covers; Plugs; Pouring means
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
- C12M27/06—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements with horizontal or inclined stirrer shaft or axis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
- C12M27/08—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements with different stirrer shapes in one shaft or axis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/18—External loop; Means for reintroduction of fermented biomass or liquid percolate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
- C12M41/18—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes
- C12M41/24—Heat exchange systems, e.g. heat jackets or outer envelopes inside the vessel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
- C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
- C12P5/023—Methane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biogas production, and discloses a method and equipment for preparing biogas by biomass anaerobic fermentation, wherein the equipment comprises a fermentation tank body, the top of the fermentation tank body is provided with a spiral feeding device and a gas-liquid separator, and the bottom of the fermentation tank body is provided with a dehydration discharging device; a heating conducting base and a multi-angle stirrer are sequentially arranged in the fermentation tank body from bottom to top, the top of the multi-angle stirrer is sequentially connected with a speed reducer and a stirring motor, and the speed reducer and the stirring motor are both fixed between a spiral feeding device and a gas-liquid separator at the top of the fermentation tank body; in conclusion, based on the arrangement of the multi-angle stirrer, continuous stirring without dead angles can be carried out in the whole anaerobic fermentation process, so that the raw materials in the fermentation tank body are fully mixed, and the phenomena of sediment, scum and the like during fermentation are effectively avoided; therefore, on one hand, the methane conversion efficiency and the running stability of the whole equipment are improved, and on the other hand, the problem of equipment blockage is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biogas production, and particularly relates to a method and equipment for preparing biogas through biomass anaerobic fermentation.
Background
In the prior art, the preparation of biogas by using biomass as a main fermentation raw material is an effective way to produce biogas. At present, the treatment mode for biomass raw material fermentation mainly comprises wet anaerobic fermentation and dry anaerobic fermentation, and no matter what type of anaerobic fermentation is adopted, stirring operation is required in the fermentation process for improving the fermentation efficiency.
However, the existing equipment generally adopts a side-push stirring mode or a top stirring mode, so that a stirring dead zone is easy to exist, and the problems of scum and sediment in the fermentation process are difficult to improve.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method and an apparatus for producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation of biomass.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
1. an apparatus for preparing biogas by anaerobic fermentation of biomass comprises a fermentation tank body, wherein a spiral feeding device and a gas-liquid separator are arranged at the top of the fermentation tank body, and a dehydration discharging device is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank body;
a heating conducting base and a multi-angle stirrer are sequentially arranged in the fermentation tank body from bottom to top, the top of the multi-angle stirrer is sequentially connected with a speed reducer and a stirring motor, and the speed reducer and the stirring motor are both fixed between a spiral feeding device and a gas-liquid separator at the top of the fermentation tank body;
the multi-angle stirrer comprises a fixed support shaft and a rotating shaft which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the top of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with a stirring motor through a speed reducer, a rotating installation sleeve matched with the fixed support shaft is welded at the bottom of the rotating shaft, at least one stirring shaft is rotatably installed on the installation sleeve, and at least one stirring paddle is welded on the stirring shaft; when the stirring motor drives the rotating shaft to rotate, the stirring shaft is driven to synchronously rotate through rotation of the rotating installation sleeve and matching with the fixed supporting shaft.
Preferably, the matching structure between the fixed support shaft and the rotary mounting sleeve comprises: the vertical matching gear welded on the stirring shaft and the transverse matching gear welded on the fixed supporting shaft are meshed with the top of the transverse matching gear.
Preferably, the bottom of the rotary mounting sleeve is welded with a sealing plate, the sealing plate is sleeved on the fixed support shaft, and a sealing ring is arranged between the sealing plate and the fixed support shaft.
Preferably, four groups of stirring paddles are welded on each stirring shaft, the number of each group of stirring paddles is at least one, and the lengths of the four groups of stirring paddles are sequentially reduced from inside to outside; wherein the highest point of the innermost stirring paddle is 10-30cm higher than the liquid level in the fermentation tank body, and the lowest point of the innermost stirring paddle is 5-30cm away from the top of the heating conducting material seat.
Preferably, every all the welding has a set of stirring tooth at least on the stirring rake, and every group the stirring tooth all includes that the symmetry locates two slope teeth of stirring rake both sides.
Preferably, the heating and material guiding base is of an annular structure, and the top of the heating and material guiding base is an arc surface; the bottom of the fermentation tank body is provided with a discharge port matched with the dehydration discharging device, and the discharge port is positioned at the center of the heating conducting base.
Preferably, the top of the dehydration discharging device is provided with a material guide channel, and the bottom of the fixed supporting shaft is welded in the material guide channel; the material guide channel is embedded with a lifting cylinder, the top of the lifting cylinder is welded with a sealing plug, and the sealing plug is slidably sleeved on the fixed support shaft and can be in sealing fit with the discharge port.
Preferably, a dehydration treatment cavity is formed in the dehydration discharging device, a spiral dehydration assembly is arranged in the dehydration treatment cavity, and the dehydration treatment cavity is communicated with the discharge port through a material guide channel; and a liquid drainage channel and a slag discharge channel are arranged below the dehydration treatment cavity in parallel, and the slag discharge channel is far away from the joint of the material guide channel and the dehydration treatment cavity.
2. A method for preparing biogas by anaerobic fermentation of biomass, which is implemented by fermenting with the equipment disclosed above and comprises the following steps:
s1, proportioning raw materials: mixing the crushed biomass raw material with the biogas slurry dehydrated and separated by a dehydration discharging device to prepare fermentation slurry with the solid content of 10-20%;
s2, introducing the fermentation slurry prepared in the step S1 into a fermentation tank body through a spiral feeding device;
s3, operating the fermentation tank body to perform anaerobic fermentation on the fermentation slurry; and during anaerobic fermentation, the bottom of the fermentation tank body is kept sealed, and continuous stirring is carried out through the multi-angle stirrer.
Preferably, in the step S3, when the fermenter is operated, the heating and material guiding seat is started to heat, so that the operating temperature reaches 30 to 40 ℃, and anaerobic fermentation is performed for 35 to 60 days.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the invention, the multi-angle stirrer is arranged to perform continuous dead-angle-free stirring in the process of mixed fermentation of biogas slurry and biomass raw materials, so that the raw materials in the fermentation tank body are fully mixed, and the phenomena of dregs, scum and the like during fermentation are effectively avoided; therefore, on one hand, the methane conversion efficiency and the running stability of the whole equipment are effectively improved, and on the other hand, the problem of equipment blockage is effectively avoided.
(2) The fermented biogas slurry and the biomass raw material are mixed and fermented in a reasonable ratio, so that the decomposition of the biomass raw material can be effectively promoted, and the effect of improving the fermentation efficiency is achieved.
(3) To above-mentioned multi-angle agitator, its major structure includes both can transversely rotate, but also longitudinal rotation's (mixing) shaft, and the welding has the stirring rake on the (mixing) shaft, simple structure, and the stirring is abundant.
(4) The structure for realizing the transverse rotation of the stirring shaft is a rotating shaft, a speed reducer and a stirring motor; the structure for realizing the longitudinal rotation of the stirring shaft is a longitudinal matching gear and a transverse matching gear which are mutually meshed; therefore, the whole body has the advantages of simple structure, convenient matching and stable driving.
(5) In the invention, a dehydration discharging device is also arranged, so that the separation and discharging of the biogas residues and the biogas slurry are integrally realized, the volume of the whole equipment is reduced, and the recycling of the biogas residues and the biogas slurry is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the multi-angle agitator and fermenter in the apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a first structural example of a multi-angle agitator in the apparatus provided by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a second exemplary structure of a multi-angle agitator in the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the engagement between the rotating mounting sleeve and the fixed support shaft in the apparatus according to the present invention;
in the figure: the device comprises a fermentation tank body-1, a spiral feeding device-2, a heating material guide seat-11, a multi-angle stirrer-12, a fixed support shaft-121, a rotating shaft-122, a rotating installation sleeve-123, a stirring shaft-124, a stirring paddle-125, stirring teeth-126, a longitudinal matching gear-127, a transverse matching gear-128, a sealing plate-129, a speed reducer-13, a stirring motor-14, a gas-liquid separator-3, a dehydration discharging device-4, a material guide channel-41, a dehydration treatment cavity-42, a liquid drainage channel-43, a slag discharge channel-44, a lifting cylinder-45 and a sealing plug-46.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
1. an apparatus for preparing biogas by biomass anaerobic fermentation comprises a fermentation tank body 1, wherein a spiral feeding device 2 and a gas-liquid separator 3 are arranged at the top of the fermentation tank body 1, and a dehydration discharging device 4 is arranged at the bottom;
a heating conducting base 11 and a multi-angle stirrer 12 are sequentially arranged in the fermentation tank body 1 from bottom to top, the top of the multi-angle stirrer 12 is sequentially connected with a speed reducer 13 and a stirring motor 14, and the speed reducer 13 and the stirring motor 14 are both fixed between the spiral feeding device 2 and the gas-liquid separator 3 at the top of the fermentation tank body 1;
the multi-angle stirrer 12 comprises a fixed support shaft 121 and a rotating shaft 122 which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the top of the rotating shaft 122 is rotatably connected with a stirring motor 14 through a speed reducer 13, a rotating installation sleeve 123 matched with the fixed support shaft 121 is welded at the bottom of the rotating shaft 122, at least one stirring shaft 124 is rotatably installed on the installation sleeve 123, and at least one stirring paddle 125 is welded on the stirring shaft 124; when the stirring motor 14 drives the rotating shaft 122 to rotate, the stirring shaft 124 is driven to rotate synchronously through the rotation of the rotating mounting sleeve 123 and the cooperation with the fixed supporting shaft 121.
2. In summary, with the above apparatus and the disclosed structure, in the embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a method for producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation of biomass, wherein the method is specifically implemented by using the above apparatus for fermentation, and the fermentation process includes the following steps:
s1, proportioning raw materials: mixing the crushed biomass raw material with the biogas slurry dehydrated and separated by the dehydration discharging device 4 to prepare fermentation slurry with the solid content of 10-20%;
s2, introducing the fermentation slurry proportioned in the step S1 into the fermentation tank body 1 through a spiral feeding device 2;
s3, operating the fermentation tank body 1 to perform anaerobic fermentation on the fermentation slurry; and during anaerobic fermentation, the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 is kept sealed, and continuous stirring is carried out through the multi-angle stirrer 12.
In step S3, when the fermenter 1 is operated, the heating conducting base 11 is started to heat to reach an operating temperature of 30-40 ℃, and anaerobic fermentation is performed for 35-60 days.
And the stirring of the multi-angle stirrer 12 comprises:
(1) the stirring motor 14 drives the rotating shaft 122 to rotate through the speed reducer 13, and the rotating shaft 122 drives the rotating mounting sleeve 123 welded at the bottom of the rotating mounting sleeve 123 to synchronously rotate, so as to drive the stirring shaft 124 arranged on the rotating mounting sleeve 123 to transversely rotate and stir;
(2) the longitudinal rotation stirring that is formed by the cooperation of (mixing) shaft 124 and stirring rake 125, the concrete expression is that (mixing) shaft 124 is when rotating, based on the cooperation of rotating installation cover 123 and fixed support shaft 121, orders about (mixing) shaft 124 and carries out the rotation, and then drives stirring rake 125 on the (mixing) shaft 124 and carry out the longitudinal rotation stirring.
Aiming at the equipment disclosed above, the equipment further comprises the following specific structure:
in the stirring mode of longitudinal rotation stirring, the matching structure for realizing the rotation of the stirring shaft 124 comprises: a longitudinal mating gear 127 welded to the stirring shaft 124, and a transverse mating gear 128 welded to the fixed support shaft 121, and the longitudinal mating gear 127 is engaged on top of the transverse mating gear 128.
From this and in conjunction with fig. 6, it can be seen that the detailed principle when longitudinal rotation stirring is realized is as follows: the rotation mounting sleeve 123 drives the stirring shaft 124 to rotate synchronously when rotating, so that the stirring shaft 124 forms a revolution state around the fixed support shaft 121, and in the revolution process, due to the meshing of the longitudinal mating gear 127 and the transverse mating gear 128 (wherein the transverse mating gear 128 is kept still), the longitudinal mating gear 127 rotates, and then the stirring shaft 124 is driven to rotate, so that the longitudinal rotation stirring formed by the matching of the stirring shaft 124 and the stirring paddle 125 is effectively realized.
To sum up, based on the mutual complex of horizontal rotation and vertical rotation for stirring paddle 125 can move arbitrary position department in the fermentation tank body 1 and stir, thereby avoids appearing the problem at stirring dead angle, thereby makes raw materials carry out effectual intensive mixing in the fermentation tank body 1, has still effectively avoided the problem of sediment and dross to appear in the fermentation process simultaneously.
Further, a sealing plate 129 is welded at the bottom of the rotating mounting sleeve 123, and the sealing plate 129 is sleeved on the fixed support shaft 121 and a sealing ring is arranged between the sealing plate 129 and the fixed support shaft 121. Based on this effectively realize rotating the inside sealed of installation cover 123 to avoid the fermentation raw materials infiltration in the cooperation structure of vertical cooperation gear 127 and horizontal cooperation gear 128, in order to guarantee whole cooperation structure's stability and life.
Further, referring to the stirring paddles 125, as shown in fig. 4, four groups of stirring paddles 125 are welded on each stirring shaft 124, and the number of each group of stirring paddles 125 is at least one (for convenience of illustration, the number of each group of stirring paddles 125 is shown as 4), and the lengths of the four groups of stirring paddles 125 decrease from inside to outside; wherein the highest point of the innermost stirring paddle 125 is 10-30cm higher than the liquid level in the fermentation tank body 1, and the lowest point of the innermost stirring paddle 125 is 5-30cm away from the top of the heating material guide seat 11. Based on this, the stirring effect of the overall multi-angle stirrer 12 is further improved.
Further, referring to fig. 5, regarding the stirring paddles 125, each stirring paddle 125 is welded with at least one group of stirring teeth 126, and each group of stirring teeth 126 includes two inclined teeth symmetrically disposed on two sides of the stirring paddle 125. Based on this, the stirring effect of the whole multi-angle stirrer 12 is further improved.
In addition, the heating and material guiding base 11 is specifically designed to be of an annular structure, and the top of the heating and material guiding base 11 is designed to be a cambered surface, so that the sediment deposited at the bottom in the fermentation tank body 1 can be effectively guided, thereby ensuring that the sediment can be effectively stirred by the stirring paddle 125, and facilitating subsequent material discharge; correspondingly, the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 is provided with a discharge hole matched with the dehydration discharging device 4, and the discharge hole is positioned at the center of the heating conducting base 11.
Combining the guiding and discharging function of the heating material guide seat 11, the structure is correspondingly set as follows:
the top of the dehydration discharging device 4 is provided with a material guide channel 41, and the bottom of the fixed supporting shaft 121 is welded in the material guide channel 41; the material guide channel 41 is embedded with a lifting cylinder 45, the top of the lifting cylinder 45 is welded with a sealing plug 46, and the sealing plug 46 is slidably sleeved on the fixed support shaft 121 and can be in sealing fit with the discharge port.
A dehydration treatment cavity 42 is formed in the dehydration discharging device 4, a spiral dehydration assembly is arranged in the dehydration treatment cavity 42, and the dehydration treatment cavity 42 is communicated with the discharge port through a material guide channel 41; a liquid drainage channel 43 and a slag discharge channel 44 are arranged below the dehydration treatment cavity 42 in parallel, and the slag discharge channel 44 is far away from the connection position of the material guide channel 41 and the dehydration treatment cavity 42.
From the above, the discharge process of biogas slurry and biogas residue after fermentation is realized as follows:
when fermentation is carried out, the lifting cylinder 45 is kept in a lifting state by combining the figures 1-2, so that the sealing plug 46 is sealed in the discharge port, and the bottom of the fermentation tank body 1 is sealed in the fermentation process; after fermentation is completed, the lifting cylinder 45 is started to retract so as to drive the sealing plug 46 to be separated from the discharge port, namely, the discharge port is communicated, at the moment, biogas slurry and biogas slurry in the fermentation tank body 1 flow into the material guide channel 41 through the discharge port and then flow into the dehydration treatment chamber 42 through the material guide channel 41, as can be seen from fig. 1, a spiral dehydration device is arranged in the dehydration treatment chamber 42, namely, biogas residue and biogas slurry can be separated under the device, the dehydrated and separated biogas slurry is dispensed from the liquid discharge channel 43 (a filter screen is arranged between the liquid discharge channel 43 and the dehydration treatment chamber 42 to prevent the biogas residue from flowing out), and the dehydrated and separated biogas residue is led out from the slag discharge channel 44, so that separation and discharge of the biogas slurry and the biogas residue are effectively completed, and the respective recycling of the biogas slurry and the biogas residue is convenient to realize; if the biogas slurry can be mixed with the biomass raw material to improve the fermentation efficiency, the biogas residue can be used as an organic fertilizer.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The equipment for preparing the biogas through the anaerobic fermentation of the biomass is characterized by comprising a fermentation tank body (1), wherein a spiral feeding device (2) and a gas-liquid separator (3) are arranged at the top of the fermentation tank body (1), and a dehydration discharging device (4) is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank body (1);
a heating conducting base (11) and a multi-angle stirrer (12) are sequentially arranged in the fermentation tank body (1) from bottom to top, the top of the multi-angle stirrer (12) is sequentially connected with a speed reducer (13) and a stirring motor (14), and the speed reducer (13) and the stirring motor (14) are both fixed between a spiral feeding device (2) and a gas-liquid separator (3) at the top of the fermentation tank body (1);
the multi-angle stirrer (12) comprises a fixed support shaft (121) and a rotating shaft (122) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the top of the rotating shaft (122) is rotatably connected with a stirring motor (14) through a speed reducer (13), a rotating installation sleeve (123) matched with the fixed support shaft (121) is welded at the bottom of the rotating shaft (122), at least one stirring shaft (124) is rotatably installed on the installation sleeve (123), and at least one stirring paddle (125) is welded on the stirring shaft (124); when the stirring motor (14) drives the rotating shaft (122) to rotate, the stirring shaft (124) is driven to synchronously rotate through the rotation of the rotating mounting sleeve (123) and the matching of the rotating mounting sleeve and the fixed supporting shaft (121).
2. The apparatus for producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation of biomass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fitting structure between the fixed support shaft (121) and the rotary mounting sleeve (123) comprises: a longitudinal mating gear (127) welded on the stirring shaft (124), and a transverse mating gear (128) welded on the fixed supporting shaft (121), and the longitudinal mating gear (127) is meshed on the top of the transverse mating gear (128).
3. The device for preparing the biogas through the anaerobic fermentation of the biomass as claimed in claim 2, wherein a sealing plate (129) is welded at the bottom of the rotating mounting sleeve (123), the sealing plate (129) is sleeved on the fixed supporting shaft (121), and a sealing ring is arranged between the sealing plate (129) and the fixed supporting shaft (121).
4. The device for preparing the biogas through the anaerobic fermentation of the biomass as claimed in claim 2, wherein each stirring shaft (124) is welded with four groups of stirring paddles (125), the number of each group of stirring paddles (125) is at least one, and the lengths of the four groups of stirring paddles (125) are sequentially reduced from inside to outside; wherein the highest point of the innermost stirring paddle (125) is 10-30cm higher than the liquid level in the fermentation tank body (1), and the lowest point of the innermost stirring paddle (125) is 5-30cm away from the top of the heating material guide seat (11).
5. The device for preparing the biogas through the anaerobic fermentation of the biomass as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least one group of the stirring teeth (126) is welded on each stirring paddle (125), and each group of the stirring teeth (126) comprises two inclined tooth sheets symmetrically arranged at two sides of the stirring paddle (125).
6. The device for preparing the biogas through the anaerobic fermentation of the biomass as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating and material guiding base (11) is of an annular structure, and the top of the heating and material guiding base (11) is provided with a cambered surface; the bottom of the fermentation tank body (1) is provided with a discharge hole matched with the dehydration discharging device (4), and the discharge hole is positioned at the center of the heating conducting material seat (11).
7. The device for preparing the biogas through the anaerobic fermentation of the biomass as claimed in claim 6, wherein the top of the dehydration discharging device (4) is provided with a material guide channel (41), and the bottom of the fixed supporting shaft (121) is welded in the material guide channel (41); the utility model discloses a material guide device, including guide passageway (41), guide passageway (41) are embedded into and have lift cylinder (45), just lift cylinder (45) top welding has sealing plug (46), sealing plug (46) slidable cover is located on fixed support shaft (121) to can with the sealed cooperation of bin outlet.
8. The equipment for preparing the biogas through the anaerobic fermentation of the biomass according to claim 7, wherein a dehydration treatment chamber (42) is arranged inside the dehydration discharging device (4), a spiral dehydration component is arranged in the dehydration treatment chamber (42), and the dehydration treatment chamber (42) is communicated with a discharging opening through a material guide channel (41); a liquid drainage channel (43) and a slag discharge channel (44) are arranged below the dehydration treatment cavity (42) in parallel, and the slag discharge channel (44) is far away from the connection part of the material guide channel (41) and the dehydration treatment cavity (42).
9. A method for producing biogas by anaerobic fermentation of biomass, characterized in that said method is carried out by fermentation using an apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and in that the fermentation comprises the following steps:
s1, proportioning raw materials: mixing the crushed biomass raw material with the biogas slurry dehydrated and separated by the dehydration discharging device (4) to prepare fermentation slurry with the solid content of 10-20%;
s2, introducing the fermentation slurry proportioned in the step S1 into a fermentation tank body (1) through a spiral feeding device (2);
s3, operating the fermentation tank body (1) to perform anaerobic fermentation on the fermentation slurry; and during anaerobic fermentation, the bottom of the fermentation tank body (1) is kept sealed, and continuous stirring is carried out through the multi-angle stirrer (12).
10. The apparatus for preparing biogas according to claim 9, wherein in step S3, when the fermenter (1) is operated, the heating material holder (11) is started to heat, the operation temperature is 30-40 ℃, and anaerobic fermentation is performed for 35-60 days.
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