CN112079637B - Composite grounding module and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite grounding module and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of grounding devices, in particular to a composite grounding module and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite grounding module comprises a grounding module carrier and a metal electrode partially wrapped in the grounding module carrier, and the grounding module carrier consists of 50% of petroleum coke, 35% of coal tar coke and 15% of graphite according to mass percentage. The graphite material is prepared by sequentially mixing, grinding, kneading, molding, roasting, calcining, graphitizing and maintaining. Has the advantages of high strength, corrosion resistance, good resistance reducing effect and long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grounding devices, in particular to a composite grounding module and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Lightning stroke harm exists in various fields of various industries such as power plants, transformer substations, switch stations, high-voltage transmission lines, telecommunications, mobile communication stations, electrified railways, microwave relay stations, ground satellite receiving stations, radar stations, precious precise instruments, computer room equipment, post and telecommunications program control equipment, broadcast and television equipment, electronic medical equipment, national defense, mines, chemical engineering, petroleum transmission pipelines and oil gas tanks, high-rise buildings, scenic ancient buildings, various factories, inflammable and explosive substance warehouses and the like, and meanwhile, a low-resistance reliable grounding system is needed for work grounding, protection grounding, anti-interference grounding, lightning grounding, anti-static grounding and the like of various systems and facilities. Particularly, from the perspective of preventing lightning damage, how to rapidly introduce the lightning strike current into the ground is very important, so that the safety of equipment and personnel is guaranteed to the maximum extent, and the damage is reduced to the minimum degree. These require a grounding system with a small grounding resistance and a stable grounding effect for a long period of time. In natural environment, the resistivity of soil at various places is different and has larger difference, and the reduction of the grounding resistance is an indispensable practical technology.
The graphite grounding module is one of the existing grounding module technologies which is widely applied. The graphite is a good conductor, the graphite grounding module is in close contact with soil, the surface area of the scattered current is enlarged, the graphite permeates into the surrounding soil pores, the contact resistance with the soil is reduced, a low-resistance area with gentle resistivity change is formed on the periphery, and the grounding resistance of the whole grounding grid is obviously reduced.
However, the general graphite grounding module has the problems of easy damage in transportation and transportation, easy moisture absorption in storage, reduced performance, quick loss of resistance reduction effect after burying, short service life and the like due to low product strength. Therefore, the transportation device is not suitable for long-distance transportation with poor road conditions, and the transportation needs to be collided with the road, so that the product is prevented from being damaged and even broken; during storage, special attention needs to be paid to drying and moisture prevention, the materials do not need to be scattered on the ground, and the materials are preferably sealed and do not contact with air, so that a series of problems such as volatilization and the like are avoided; if not stored well, once the product comes into contact with the moist or moisture-related unfavorable conditions, it reacts with the unfavorable conditions, and besides volatilization, other unfavorable conditions occur, resulting in loss of product function. This phenomenon causes a problem of an excessively long storage time in a construction work unit because of many external factors, which require a delay in construction. These problems are the main factors that make the general graphite grounding module vulnerable and relatively short in service life. In addition, the burying place of the general graphite grounding module is required to be far away from a heat source and avoid a place with strong corrosive substances as much as possible so as to prevent the grounding module from being corroded, thereby reducing the service life.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a composite grounding module and a preparation method thereof in order to solve the problems that the existing grounding module is easy to damage and short in service life.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effects, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the composite grounding module comprises a grounding module carrier and a metal electrode partially wrapped in the grounding module carrier, wherein the grounding module carrier consists of 50% of petroleum coke, 35% of coal tar coke and 15% of graphite according to mass percentage.
Furthermore, the grounding module carrier is cuboid, the metal electrode is arranged at one end of the grounding module carrier in the length direction, a centralized ion bin which extends into the grounding module carrier is arranged at the other end of the grounding module carrier in the length direction, and a resistance reducing agent is filled in the centralized ion bin.
Further, the number of the centralized ion bins is two.
Further, the number of the centralized ion bins is three.
A preparation method of a composite grounding module comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: batching the grounding module carrier according to the composition;
2) grinding: crushing and grinding the raw materials to enable the particle size to reach 0.075-0.7 mm;
3) kneading: putting the milled raw materials into a kneading tank, adding a certain amount of water, stirring for 30 minutes, and kneading for 20 minutes to ensure that the materials are fully and uniformly kneaded;
4) molding: filling the kneaded raw materials into a die, and forging and forming the raw materials and the metal electrode;
5) roasting: roasting the formed product at the roasting temperature of 500-600 ℃ for 10-12 h;
6) and (3) calcining: calcining the calcined product at the calcining temperature of 1110-1200 ℃ for 2-3 h;
7) graphitization treatment: placing the calcined product at 1300-1400 ℃, and carrying out graphitization treatment by keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;
8) maintenance: placing the graphitized product in a maintenance room with the ambient temperature of 30 +/-5 ℃ and the humidity of more than 80% for at least 3 days, and then demoulding.
Further, in the step 4), the pressure during molding is 100-500t, and the pressure holding time is 15-20 min.
Further, in step 7), the temperature of the graphitization treatment is 1350 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. after being fired at 1350 ℃, the petroleum coke and the coal tar pitch coke have high true density, graphitization, lower resistivity, smaller thermal expansion coefficient and high volume density, form a framework of the grounding module and have higher mechanical strength. The frameworks are similar to a special sponge-type small ion bin structure, and graphite particles filled in the bin are slowly released under the action of external conditions after being combined with absorbed water to form conductive free ion flow, so that the long-acting stable resistance reduction effect is achieved.
2. The resistance reducing agent is filled in the centralized ion bin, the graphite and the resistance reducing agent are protected by the grounding module carrier, conductive ions are slowly and uniformly released and are not easy to run off, the conductive ions can be uniformly released to soil through countless ion channels formed by the grounding module carrier and an external humectant, and a low-resistance area with gentle change is formed around the grounding module. Therefore, the resistance reducing gradient is uniform, the resistance reducing effect is good, and the purpose of effectively reducing the resistivity of the soil is achieved, so that the service life is longer. The design and application of the centralized ion bin effectively solve the problems that the resistance reducing agent is arranged outside the grounding module in the conventional mode, and the problems of instability, easy loss, short service life and the like are solved.
3. Has high mechanical strength and high strength. The grounding module is subjected to a mechanical strength test according to the national standard GB/T21698-. After the test, the grounding module is lifted to 1m to carry out a free drop damage test, and the test block is still intact. Therefore, the grounding module has no special requirements on transportation and carrying and is suitable for long-distance transportation. Conventional carbon grounding modules are not comparable.
4. Has stronger corrosion resistance. The corrosion test is carried out according to the national standard GB/T21698-. Taking a sample as a 6-surface body as an example, the total annual corrosion rate in terms of weight should be not more than 0.5%. Through tests of a power industry electrical equipment inspection test center, the corrosion rate of the grounding module is nearly 0.13%, and the standard requirements are met. The grounding module has the characteristics of no special requirement of being far away from a heat source and avoiding corrosive substances as far as possible in use, is not corroded when being buried in soil, can meet the use requirements of various environments, and is long in service life.
5. Has long service life. The grounding module has high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance, and the special sponge-type tiny ion bin structure of the grounding module carrier is combined with the use of the additional resistance reducing agent in the centralized ion bin, so that the resistance reducing agent is not easy to lose; the grounding module absorbs moisture in soil, so that the ion agent in the bin generates free ions under the action of the moisture and is stably released to the outside of the module. The resistance-reducing effect is slow-release, stable and long-acting. Therefore, compared with the common graphite grounding module, the grounding module has long service life, and compared with a mode of arranging the resistance reducing agent outside the common graphite grounding module, the resistance reducing agent in the bin is not easy to run off and has longer service life, so that the grounding module has longer service life. The defects of instability, easy loss and short service life existing in the method of arranging the conventional resistance reducing agent outside the module are overcome.
6. Has a smaller contact resistance. The national standard GB/T21698 & lt 2008 & gt technical conditions for composite grounding bodies requires that the contact resistance between the core rod of the grounding body and the outer surface layer is not more than 1 Ω, and performance test data show that the contact resistance is not more than 0.1 Ω, so that the grounding module and an external humectant are fully coupled, the resistance reduction gradient is small and more uniform, and the resistance reduction effect is ensured.
7. Has the high-current impact endurance capability of 100 kA. Because the contact resistance between the module core rod and the outer surface layer is small and the module core rod has high mechanical strength, the module core rod can bear the impact of thousands of amperes of lightning current and short-circuit current; the performance test data shows that the grounding module can bear 4/10 mus and 100kA large current impact for 3 times, can bear 8/20 mus and 5kA impact current for 20 impact aging tests, is intact, and meets the requirements of GB/T21698-2008 composite grounding body technical conditions.
8. Has good thermal stability. The performance test data shows that the grounding module can bear 10A power frequency current for 5 times, the duration time is 10 seconds every time, the interval between every two times is 30min, the grounding module is intact, all the performances meet the requirements of GB/T21698-.
9. Has strong water absorption. After petroleum coke, coal tar pitch coke and graphite material of the grounding module carrier are calcined at high pressure and high temperature, the petroleum coke forms a framework to form uniformly distributed tiny ion bins, the graphite particles are filled in the bins, the structural configuration of the bins is the same as that of sponge, and the grounding module carrier has good water absorption and water retention performance. During operation, the grounding module can absorb and store moisture in soil and can release moisture to the soil, under the action of the moisture, conductive ions in the grounding module carrier ion bin form countless conductive channels in the soil, the free-running property of a grounding body is improved, the grounding resistance is reduced, lightning current can be effectively released to the ground, and the grounding safety is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a composite ground module according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a microscopic view of the surface of a ground module carrier according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a use state of the composite ground module according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a composite ground module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a use state of the composite ground module according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a composite ground module according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a use state of the composite ground module according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
1-grounding module carrier, 2-metal electrode, 3-centralized ion bin, 4-L-shaped connecting plate, 5-grounding wire, 6-humectant and 7-earth soil.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A composite grounding module comprises a grounding module carrier 1 and a metal electrode 2 partially wrapped in the grounding module carrier 1, wherein the grounding module carrier 1 consists of 50% of petroleum coke, 35% of coal tar pitch coke and 15% of graphite according to mass percentage. As shown in fig. 1, in which the grounding module carrier 1 is in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, and the length, width and height thereof are 550mm, 110mm and 50mm, respectively, the metal electrode 2 is disposed at one end of the grounding module carrier 1 in the length direction.
A preparation method of a composite grounding module comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: preparing the grounding module carrier 1 according to the composition;
2) grinding: crushing and grinding the raw materials to enable the particle size to reach 0.075-0.7 mm;
3) kneading: putting the milled raw materials into a kneading tank, adding a certain amount of water, stirring for 30 minutes, and kneading for 20 minutes to ensure that the materials are fully and uniformly kneaded;
4) molding: filling the kneaded raw materials into a mold, and carrying out forging and forming with a metal electrode, wherein the forming pressure is 100-500T, and the pressure maintaining time is 15-20 min;
5) roasting: roasting the formed product at the roasting temperature of 500-600 ℃ for 10-12 h;
6) and (3) calcining: calcining the calcined product at 1110-1200 ℃ for 2-3 h;
7) graphitization treatment: placing the calcined product at 1300-1400 ℃, and carrying out graphitization treatment by keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;
8) maintenance: and placing the graphitized product in a maintenance room with the ambient temperature of 30 +/-5K and the humidity of more than 80% for at least 3 days, and then demolding.
After being fired at 1350 ℃, the petroleum coke and the coal tar pitch coke have high true density, graphitization, lower resistivity, smaller thermal expansion coefficient and high volume density, form a framework of the grounding module and have higher mechanical strength. The frameworks are similar to a special sponge-type small ion bin structure, and graphite particles filled in the bin are slowly released under the action of external conditions after being combined with absorbed water to form conductive free ion flow, so that the long-acting stable resistance reduction effect is achieved.
As shown in fig. 3, the grounding module can be used in combination with a humectant to further improve the resistance reduction effect and enlarge the volume of the grounding module by several times. The humectant consists of an ionic agent, powder which is the same as the carrier material of the grounding module and soil which is obtained from local materials, wherein the ionic agent comprises the following components: calculated by mass percentage, 40 percent of polyvinyl alcohol, 15 percent of sodium chloride, 25 percent of light calcium carbonate, 15 percent of white carbon black and 5 percent of colorant (iron black, iron green and ultramarine); mixing the raw materials together, adding water and stirring into paste, wherein the resistance value is 200-300 omega; the mixing proportion of the ionic agent, the ground module carrier powder and the soil is 1/3 respectively, and can be properly adjusted according to the resistance reduction effect, so that the requirement of resistance reduction index is met. The particle size of the ground module carrier powder is close to that of the environmental soil; the resistance reducing agent, the ground module carrier powder and the soil form a humectant which is fine and smooth and is easy to absorb and retain water, and plays a role of a bridge between the ground module and the soil, so that the contact area with the soil is increased, and meanwhile, the resistance reducing agent is easy to be fused and coupled with the soil to form and increase countless ion channels of leakage current, so that ions around the ground module are easy to diffuse, the resistivity of the soil is effectively reduced, secondary lightning stroke is prevented, and the purpose of reducing the resistance of a ground body is achieved.
Free ions generated by graphite particles in the bin under the action of moisture are combined with an external humectant to form good permeability under the combined action, so that the contact resistance between the grounding module and soil is reduced, and the volume of the grounding module is further increased; and the coupling effect between the humectant and the soil makes the soil and the grounding module combined more closely, ions permeate into soil and rock cracks along the reticular channel of the tree root, the drainage area is increased, the electric field distribution in the soil is improved, and the grounding resistance is reduced.
Example 2
A composite grounding module comprises a grounding module carrier 1 and a metal electrode 2 partially wrapped in the grounding module carrier 1, wherein the grounding module carrier 1 consists of 50% of petroleum coke, 35% of coal tar pitch coke and 15% of graphite according to mass percentage.
As shown in fig. 4, the grounding module carrier 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the length, width and height of the grounding module carrier are 550mm, 130mm and 50mm, the metal electrode 2 is disposed at one end of the grounding module carrier 1 in the length direction, and the other end of the grounding module carrier 1 in the length direction is provided with a centralized ion bin 3 extending into the grounding module carrier 1, wherein the centralized ion bin 3 can be manufactured by machining or die opening, the number of the centralized ion bins 3 is two, and the centralized ion bin 3 is filled with a resistance reducing agent.
The grounding module is obtained by adding 2 centralized ion bins 3 to the grounding module in embodiment 1, and the centralized ion bins 3 are filled with resistance reducing agent, so that the grounding module is a non-metallic carbon grounding module with enhanced resistance reducing property, and is mainly used for power distribution systems in areas with high soil resistance, more rocks and poor geological conditions. The resistance reducing agent in the centralized ion bin 3 generates conductive ions under the action of moisture, and the conductive ions pass through the grounding module and are rapidly diffused into the surrounding soil. Besides the advantages described above, the resistance reducing agent is protected by the grounding module in the centralized ion bin 3, is not easy to run off, can slowly and uniformly release conductive ions to soil through countless ion channels of the grounding module and the external humectant, has good resistance reducing effect, achieves the purpose of effectively reducing the resistivity of the soil and ensuring longer service life. The design and application of the centralized ion bin 3 effectively solve the defects that the resistance reducing agent is arranged outside the module in the conventional mode, and the resistance reducing agent is unstable, easy to run off and short in service life.
Example 3
A composite grounding module comprises a grounding module carrier 1 and a metal electrode 2 partially wrapped in the grounding module carrier 1, wherein the grounding module carrier 1 consists of 50% of petroleum coke, 35% of coal tar pitch coke and 15% of graphite according to mass percentage.
As shown in fig. 6, the grounding module carrier 1 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the length, width and height of the grounding module carrier are 550mm, 200mm and 50mm, the metal electrode 2 is disposed at one end of the grounding module carrier 1 in the length direction, and the other end of the grounding module carrier 1 in the length direction is provided with a centralized ion bin 3 extending into the grounding module carrier 1, wherein the centralized ion bin 3 can be manufactured by machining or die opening, the number of the centralized ion bins 3 is three, and the centralized ion bin 3 is filled with a resistance reducing agent.
The grounding module is based on the grounding module of embodiment 2, the number of the centralized ion bins 3 is increased, so that the use amount of the resistance reducing agent is further increased to achieve an enhanced resistance reducing effect, and the grounding module is suitable for areas with higher requirements on resistance reducing effects, such as 110kV and above power systems, in areas with extremely poor geological conditions, and ensures that the resistance reducing effect meets the requirements of various fields.
On the basis of the technical application, the grounding modules of more centralized ion bins can be designed and manufactured according to different application fields, higher resistance reduction requirements and various complex geological conditions, so that various purposes of reducing the grounding resistance are realized, and higher use requirements are met.
The experimental data of the grounding module after the test of the quality inspection test center of the electric equipment in the power industry are as follows:
data is extracted from: a performance test report of a quality inspection test center of electric equipment in the power industry;
report number: CEPRI-EETC-2019-0063
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art should understand that they can make various changes, modifications, additions and substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A composite grounding module comprising a grounding module carrier and a metal electrode partially encased within said grounding module carrier, wherein: calculated according to the mass percentage, the grounding module carrier consists of 50% of petroleum coke, 35% of coal tar coke and 15% of graphite;
the preparation method of the composite grounding module comprises the following steps:
1) preparing materials: batching the grounding module carrier according to the composition;
2) grinding: crushing and grinding the raw materials to enable the particle size to reach 0.075-0.7 mm;
3) kneading: putting the milled raw materials into a kneading tank, adding a certain amount of water, stirring for 30 minutes, and kneading for 20 minutes to ensure that the materials are fully and uniformly kneaded;
4) molding: filling the kneaded raw materials into a die, and forging and forming the raw materials and the metal electrode;
5) roasting: roasting the formed product at the roasting temperature of 500-600 ℃ for 10-12 h;
6) and (3) calcining: calcining the calcined product at 1110-1200 ℃ for 2-3 h;
7) graphitization treatment: placing the calcined product at 1300-1400 ℃, and carrying out graphitization treatment by keeping the temperature for 2-3 h;
8) maintenance: placing the graphitized product in a maintenance room with the ambient temperature of 30 +/-5 ℃ and the humidity of more than 80% for at least 3 days, and then demolding;
the grounding module carrier is cuboid, the metal electrode is arranged at one end of the grounding module carrier in the length direction, a centralized ion bin which extends into the grounding module carrier is arranged at the other end of the grounding module carrier in the length direction, and a resistance reducing agent is filled in the centralized ion bin.
2. A composite grounding module in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the number of the centralized ion bins is two.
3. A composite grounding module in accordance with claim 1, wherein: the number of the centralized ion bins is three.
4. A composite grounding module in accordance with claim 1, wherein: in the step 4) of the preparation method, the pressure during molding is 100-500t, and the dwell time is 15-20 min.
5. The composite grounding module of claim 1, wherein: in step 7) of the preparation method, the temperature of the graphitization treatment is 1350 ℃.
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