CN112076625A - Cremation tail gas purification system and purification method - Google Patents

Cremation tail gas purification system and purification method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112076625A
CN112076625A CN202011027497.8A CN202011027497A CN112076625A CN 112076625 A CN112076625 A CN 112076625A CN 202011027497 A CN202011027497 A CN 202011027497A CN 112076625 A CN112076625 A CN 112076625A
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gas
combustion
tail gas
inlet
cooling
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陈德喜
程虎
姚建明
高术杰
刘霞
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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China ENFI Engineering Corp
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    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8621—Removing nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
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    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/38—Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/40—Acidic components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
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    • B01D2251/30—Alkali metal compounds
    • B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
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    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00—Reactants
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    • B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract

The invention provides a system and a method for purifying cremated tail gas. The cremation tail gas clean-up system includes: the device comprises a fan, a combustion device, a quenching device, an acid gas removing unit and a catalytic denitration unit. The fan is provided with a cremation tail gas inlet and a cremation tail gas outlet; the first feed port of the combustion device is communicated with the cremation tail gas outlet, and the second feed port is used for conveying fuel and combustion-supporting gas; a combustion tail gas inlet of the quenching device is communicated with a combustion tail gas outlet; a cooling gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet which are arranged on the acid gas removing unit are communicated; and a primary purified gas inlet of the catalytic denitration unit is communicated with a primary purified gas outlet through a primary purified gas conveying pipeline. By adopting the purification system, the removal rate of acid gas, oxynitride and the like in the cremated tail gas can be greatly improved, the content of dioxin is reduced, and the smoke content in the purified tail gas is lower.

Description

Cremation tail gas purification system and purification method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tail gas purification, in particular to a system and a method for purifying cremated tail gas.
Background
The incineration exhaust gas generated in the existing cremation process comprises acid gas, nitrogen oxide, dust, dioxin, unburnt harmful components and the like, and the components pollute the environment. In order to improve the environmental protection of the cremation machine, the field is mainly provided with a purifying device of partial pollutants in a targeted manner. However, as emission indexes become stricter, the smoke emission of the existing cremation machine faces the risk of not reaching standards, so that a smoke purification system is required to be configured comprehensively and reasonably, and deep purification and standard emission of tail gas are realized.
The first prior document (CN 103157338B) provides an all-dry post-treatment system for flue gas of a cremator, which is to treat flue gas generated by the cremator by using a post-treatment device comprising a flue-water isolated quenching device, a powder spraying device, a dust remover and an adsorption device. The device is simple to set, but does not treat harmful substances such as acid gas, nitrogen oxide, dioxin and the like, and is easy to cause environmental pollution.
The second prior document (CN 102120132B) provides a purification treatment device for cremated flue gas, which has a core system that is integrated by a flue gas mixing chamber, a cold-heat exchanger, an acid removal system, a dry-wet separator and a bag-type dust collector, and can effectively remove acidic inorganic pollutants and dioxin organic pollutants in the cremated flue gas. However, in consideration of the existing smoke emission requirements, the device causes the emission of nitrogen oxides and combustible gases to exceed the standard.
The third prior document (CN109084304A) provides a flue gas purification device, which is characterized in that an integrated system made of a secondary combustion chamber, a quench tower, a settling chamber, a bag-type dust remover, an activated carbon tank and an acid removal tower are connected in series through pipelines. The system can realize deacidification and dust reduction and remove harmful gases such as dioxin, but the removal rate of oxynitride is low, so that the tail gas contains a large amount of oxynitride, and the problem of overproof emission of oxynitride in the tail gas exists.
The fourth prior document (CN209355252U) provides a tail gas treatment system directly connected to a cremation machine, and the system is composed of an emergency discharge chimney, a vertical air cooler, a cyclone dust collector, a bag-type dust collector, an activated carbon adsorber, an induced draft fan and a smoke exhaust pipe. However, the purification degree of the tail gas is not high, so that the tail gas still contains harmful gases, and the problem that the emission of the harmful gases exceeds the standard can be met.
Therefore, the existing cremation machine tail gas purification system has the problem that the purification effect is poor, so that the emission of harmful gas in the purified tail gas exceeds the standard. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a purification system having a high purification effect on the cremated exhaust gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a cremation tail gas purification system and a cremation tail gas purification method, and aims to solve the problem that the exhaust emission of the purified tail gas exceeds the standard due to the poor purification effect of the existing cremation machine tail gas purification system.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides a purification system for cremated exhaust gas, the purification system comprising: the device comprises a fan, a combustion device, a quenching device, an acid gas removing unit and a catalytic denitration unit. The fan is provided with a cremation tail gas inlet and a cremation tail gas outlet; the combustion device is provided with a first feed inlet, a second feed inlet and a combustion tail gas outlet, wherein the first feed inlet is communicated with the cremation tail gas outlet, and the second feed inlet is used for conveying fuel and combustion-supporting gas; the quenching device is provided with a refrigerant inlet, a combustion tail gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet, and the combustion tail gas inlet is communicated with the combustion tail gas outlet; the acid gas removal unit is provided with a cooling gas inlet, an alkaline acid scavenger inlet and a primary purified gas outlet, and the cooling gas inlet is communicated with the cooling gas outlet and used for removing acid gas in the cooling gas; and the catalytic denitration unit is provided with a catalyst inlet, a reducing agent inlet, a primary purified gas inlet and a purified tail gas outlet, and the primary purified gas inlet is communicated with the primary purified gas outlet through a primary purified gas conveying pipeline.
Further, the combustion apparatus includes: the device comprises a primary heat exchange device, a combustion chamber and a secondary heat exchange device, wherein the primary heat exchange device is used for exchanging heat between combustion tail gas and cremation tail gas; the combustion chamber is used for combusting the cremated tail gas treated by the primary heat exchange device to obtain combustion tail gas; and the secondary heat exchange device is used for exchanging heat between the combusted tail gas and the combustion-supporting gas.
Further, the acid gas removal unit comprises: the acid removing agent supply device is provided with an acid removing agent supply port; the acid gas removal device is provided with a cooling gas inlet, an alkaline acid scavenger inlet and a primary purified gas outlet, wherein the alkaline acid scavenger inlet is communicated with an alkaline acid scavenger supply port.
Further, the purification system comprises an adsorption and dust removal device, and the adsorption and dust removal device is arranged on a flow path between the quenching device and the acid gas removal unit and is used for removing dioxin and heavy metal elements in the cooling gas.
Further, the adsorption and dust removal device comprises an adsorption device and a dust removal device, wherein the adsorption device is provided with a cooling gas inlet and a dust-containing tail gas outlet; the dust removal device is provided with a dust-containing tail gas inlet and a primary purified gas outlet, the cooling gas inlet is communicated with the cooling gas outlet, and the dust-containing tail gas outlet is communicated with the dust-containing tail gas inlet.
Further, the catalytic denitration unit comprises: the device comprises a catalyst supply device, a reducing agent supply device and a catalytic denitration device, wherein the catalyst supply device is provided with a catalyst supply port; the reducing agent supply device is provided with a reducing agent supply port; the catalytic denitration device is provided with a catalyst inlet, a reducing agent inlet, a primary purified gas inlet and a purified gas outlet, wherein the catalyst inlet is communicated with the catalyst supply port, and the reducing agent inlet is communicated with the reducing agent supply port.
Further, the purification system further comprises a pressurization device, and the pressurization device is arranged on the primary purified gas conveying pipeline.
Further, the purification system also comprises a flue gas heat exchange device, and the flue gas heat exchange device is used for heating the primary purified tail gas discharged by the supercharging device.
Further, the purification system also comprises an alkali washing device, and the alkali washing device is used for performing alkali washing on the tail gas exhausted from the purified gas outlet.
Another aspect of the present application further provides a method for purifying cremated exhaust gas, including: accelerating the cremation tail gas by a fan and then combusting the cremation tail gas with fuel and combustion-supporting gas to obtain combustion tail gas; quenching the combustion tail gas to obtain cooling gas; removing acid gas in the cooling gas to obtain primary purified gas; and carrying out catalytic denitration reaction on the primary purified gas and a reducing agent under the action of a catalyst to obtain purified tail gas.
Further, the step of removing the acid gas from the cooling gas comprises: reacting an alkaline acid scavenger with the acid gas in the cooling gas to remove the acid gas in the cooling gas; preferably, the alkaline acid scavenger is selected from one or more of the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide or quicklime.
Furthermore, the temperature in the combustion process is 850-900 ℃ and the time is 2-3 s.
Further, the combustion process also comprises the step of sequentially exchanging heat of the combustion tail gas with the combustion-supporting gas and the cremation tail gas conveyed by the fan, and preferably, reducing the temperature of the combustion tail gas to 550 ℃.
Further, the quenching step comprises the step of quenching the combustion tail gas by taking a mixture of water and compressed air as a refrigerant, and preferably, the temperature of the combustion tail gas after the quenching step is 200-230 ℃.
Further, before the step of removing the acid gas from the cooling gas, the purification method further comprises: adsorbing the cooling gas by adopting an adsorbent, and then performing dust removal treatment; preferably, the adsorbent is activated carbon.
Further, between the step of removing the acid gas in the cooling gas and the step of catalytic denitration reaction, the purification method further comprises: and (4) pressurizing the primary purified gas.
Further, the catalyst is selected from V2O5、WO3And TiO2One or more of the group consisting of; the reducing agent is one or more selected from the group consisting of ammonia, urea, and liquid ammonia.
Further, the purification method further comprises: cooling the primary purified gas after pressurization treatment, and simultaneously heating the purified tail gas; preferably, the temperature of the purified tail gas and the primary purified gas is 50-140 ℃.
By applying the technical scheme of the invention, the fan can enable the cremation tail gas inlet to form negative pressure, which is beneficial to improving the conveying efficiency of the cremation tail gas, inhibiting the escape of harmful gas and improving the environmental protection of a purification system; in the combustion system, the cremation tail gas is combusted secondarily, which is beneficial to improving the combustion degree of organic matters in the cremation tail gas and reducing the content of harmful gases such as CO and the like; in the quenching device, quenching treatment is carried out on the combustion tail gas, so that secondary synthesis of dioxin in the subsequent flow can be inhibited; conveying the quenched cooling gas to an adsorption and dust removal device, firstly adsorbing dioxin and heavy metal elements in the cooling gas, and then removing the dioxin and the heavy metal elements from the cooling gas to obtain primary purified gas; enabling the primary purified gas to pass through a denitration device to remove nitrogen-containing compounds in the primary purified gas to obtain secondary purified gas; and in the washing device, acid gas in the secondary purified gas is removed through washing, and then the tail gas is purified. In conclusion, the purification system can greatly improve the removal rate of acid gases, nitrogen oxides and the like in the cremated tail gas, reduce the content of dioxin, and lower the smoke content in the purified tail gas.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a cremator tail gas clean-up system provided in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of a combustion apparatus provided according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
10. a fan; 20. a combustion device; 21. a primary heat exchange device; 211. a heat absorption side; 212. a heat-releasing side; 22. a combustion chamber; 23. a secondary heat exchange device; 201. a first feed port; 202. a second feed port; 203. a combustion chamber outlet; 204. a combustion tail gas outlet; 30. a quenching device; 40. an adsorption and dust removal device; 41. an adsorption device; 42. a dust removal device; 50. an acid gas removal unit; 51. an alkaline acid scavenger supply means; 52. an acid gas removal unit; 60. a catalytic denitration unit; 61. a catalyst supply device; 62. a reducing agent supply device; 63. a catalytic denitration device; 70. a pressure boosting device; 80. flue gas heat transfer device.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
As described in the background section, the existing cremator tail gas clean-up system has a problem that all the pollutants cannot be removed simultaneously. In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application provides a purification system for cremated exhaust gas, as shown in fig. 1, the purification system comprising: a fan 10, a combustion device 20, a quench device 30, an acid gas removal unit 50, and a catalytic denitrification unit 60. The fan 10 is provided with a cremation tail gas inlet and a cremation tail gas outlet; the combustion device 20 is provided with a first feed port 201, a second feed port 202 and a combustion tail gas outlet 204, wherein the first feed port 201 is communicated with the cremation tail gas outlet, and the second feed port 202 is used for conveying fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas; the quenching device 30 is provided with a combustion tail gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet, and the combustion tail gas inlet is communicated with the combustion tail gas outlet 204; the acid gas removal unit 50 is provided with a cooling gas inlet, an alkaline acid scavenger inlet and a primary purified gas outlet, wherein the cooling gas inlet is communicated with the cooling gas outlet and is used for removing acid gas in the cooling gas; the catalytic denitration unit 60 is provided with a catalyst inlet, a reducing agent inlet, a primary purified gas inlet, and a purified gas outlet, and the primary purified gas inlet is communicated with the primary purified gas outlet through a primary purified gas conveying pipeline.
In the purification system provided by the application, the fan 10 can enable the cremation tail gas inlet to form negative pressure, which is beneficial to improving the conveying efficiency of the cremation tail gas, inhibiting the escape of harmful gas and improving the environmental protection of the purification system; in the combustion system, the cremation tail gas is subjected to secondary combustion, which is beneficial to improving the combustion degree of organic matters in the cremation tail gas and reducing the content of harmful gases such as CO and the like; in the quenching device 30, quenching treatment is performed on the combustion tail gas, so that secondary synthesis of dioxin in the subsequent flow can be inhibited; conveying the quenched cooling gas to an acid gas removal unit 50, and enabling the quenched cooling gas to react with an alkaline acid scavenger to remove the acid gas in the cooling gas to obtain a primary purified gas; the primary purified gas is fed into the catalytic denitration unit 60, and is allowed to react with a reducing agent under the action of a catalyst to remove nitrogen-containing compounds, thereby obtaining purified tail gas. In conclusion, the purification system can greatly improve the removal rate of acid gases, nitrogen oxides and the like in the cremated tail gas, reduce the content of dioxin, and lower the smoke content in the purified tail gas.
Preferably, the purification system may include a plurality of cremators and a plurality of fans 10 connected to the cremators in a one-to-one correspondence manner, so as to ensure stable and reliable operation of the cremators in each working period and ensure stable negative pressure of each cremator system. Preferably, the fan 10 is a high temperature fan. The high-temperature fan has better high temperature resistance, so that the operation stability of the whole system can be ensured.
In a preferred embodiment, the combustion apparatus 20 comprises: a primary heat exchange device 21, a combustion chamber 22 and a secondary heat exchange device 23. The primary heat exchange device 21 is used for exchanging heat between the combustion tail gas and the cremation tail gas, the combustion chamber 22 is used for combusting the cremation tail gas treated by the primary heat exchange device 21 to obtain the combustion tail gas, and the secondary heat exchange device 23 is used for exchanging heat between the combustion tail gas and the combustion-supporting gas.
The first-stage heat exchanger 21 and the second-stage heat exchanger 23 are not particularly limited as long as heat exchange can be achieved. Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the primary heat exchange device 21 includes a heat absorption side 211 and a heat release side 212, which are separated by a partition having a heat transfer function. The cremated tail gas enters the heat absorption side of the primary heat exchange device 21 through the first inlet 201, and meanwhile, the combustion gas in the combustion chamber 22 is discharged through the combustion chamber outlet 203 and then is conveyed to the heat emission side of the primary heat exchange device 21. The heat of the exothermic side 212 is transferred to the endothermic side to heat up the cremated exhaust gas, and the warmed cremated exhaust gas enters the combustion chamber 22. The combustion tail gas after the first heat exchange is conveyed to the second-stage heat exchange device 23, meanwhile, the combustion-supporting gas enters the second-stage heat exchange device 23 through the second feeding hole 202, and the combustion-supporting gas and the second-stage heat exchange device perform non-contact heat exchange. The combustion-supporting gas after the temperature rise is delivered to the combustion chamber 22, and the combustion gas after the second heat exchange enters the subsequent quenching device 30. By adopting the combustion device 20, on one hand, the cremated tail gas can be combusted, on the other hand, the heat in the combustion process can be fully utilized, and the energy loss is reduced.
The combustion process is favorable to reducing the generation of dioxin under higher temperature, therefore in order to reduce the content of dioxin, improves thermal utilization ratio simultaneously, will have the combustion tail gas of higher temperature earlier with follow-up cremation tail gas that gets into burner 20 carry out the heat transfer for the first time in first heat transfer device, the combustion tail gas after the heat transfer for the first time carries out the heat transfer for the second time with combustion-supporting gas in second heat transfer device once more. The cremated tail gas and the combustion-supporting gas after heat exchange enter the combustion chamber 22 for combustion to obtain combustion tail gas. Can get rid of the combustible gas in the tail gas of cremation through the burning on the one hand through burner 20 to be favorable to improving the purification degree of the purification tail gas that finally obtains, on the other hand can also improve thermal cyclic utilization through the heat transfer.
The acid gas removal unit 50 is not limited to a specific structure as long as it can achieve an effect of removing acid gas. In a preferred embodiment, the acid gas removal unit 50 comprises an alkaline acid scavenger supply 51 and an acid gas removal 52, wherein the alkaline acid scavenger supply 51 is provided with an alkaline acid scavenger supply port, the acid gas removal 52 is provided with a cooling gas inlet, an alkaline acid scavenger inlet and a primary purge gas outlet, and the alkaline acid scavenger inlet is in communication with the alkaline acid scavenger supply port. In the above-described acid gas removal unit 50, the acid-base neutralization reaction is performed in the acid gas removal device 52 by the acid-base removing agent supplied from the acid-base removing agent supply device 51 and the acid gas in the cooling gas, so that the acid gas can be removed by a chemical reaction. The acid gas removal unit 50 having the above structure is used to remove the acid gas in the cooling gas, which is beneficial to improving the removal efficiency, thereby further improving the purification degree of the purified tail gas discharged from the catalytic denitration process.
Preferably, the alkali acid scavenger supplier 51 is a sodium bicarbonate supplier, a calcium hydroxide supplier, or a quick lime supplier.
In a preferred embodiment, the purification system further includes an adsorption and dust removal device 40, and the adsorption and dust removal device 40 is disposed on a flow path between the quenching device 30 and the acid gas removal unit 50, and is used for removing dioxin and heavy metal elements in the cooling gas.
Preferably, the adsorption and dust removal device 40 includes an adsorption device 41 and a dust removal device 42. The adsorption device 41 is provided with a cooling gas inlet, an adsorbent inlet and a dust-containing tail gas outlet; the dust removing device 42 is provided with a dust-containing tail gas inlet and a primary purified gas outlet, the cooling gas inlet is communicated with the cooling gas outlet, and the dust-containing tail gas outlet is communicated with the dust-containing tail gas inlet.
In the adsorption device 41, dioxin and metal elements contained in the cooling gas discharged from the quenching device 30 can be removed by adsorption, but since the adsorbent causes a problem that the solid content in the dust-containing tail gas discharged from the adsorption device is high, the dust-removing device 42 is subsequently used for treating the cooling gas to remove solid particles in the dust-containing tail gas, so that primary purified gas is obtained. Preferably, the dust removing device 42 is a bag-type dust removing device 42. The low-pressure blowing pulse bag type dust collector is adopted to collect smoke dust in smoke, the dust-containing smoke enters the box body from the air inlet of the dust removing chamber, purified gas enters the box body in the filter bag through the filter bag opening and is discharged from the air outlet. In order to avoid the influence of the dew condensation of the flue gas on the normal work of the bag type dust collector, the dust collector is provided with perfect overall heat preservation and heating measures.
In the purification system, the catalytic denitration unit 60 may be of a type commonly used in the art. Preferably, the catalytic denitration unit 60 includes: a catalyst supply device 61, a reducing agent supply device 62, and a catalytic denitration device 63, wherein the catalyst supply device 61 is provided with a catalyst supply port, the reducing agent supply device 62 is provided with a reducing agent supply port, the catalytic denitration device 63 is provided with a catalyst inlet, a reducing agent inlet, a primary purified gas inlet, and a purified exhaust gas outlet, the catalyst inlet is communicated with the catalyst supply port, and the reducing agent inlet is communicated with the reducing agent supply port. In the catalytic denitration unit 60, nitrogen oxides in the primary purified gas can be reduced to form an environmentally friendly gas such as nitrogen. More preferably, the catalytic denitration device 63 is an SCR denitration device (selective catalytic denitration device).
In a preferred embodiment, the purge system further comprises a pressure boosting device 70, the pressure boosting device 70 being arranged on the primary purge gas delivery line. The supercharging device 70 can provide power required by the operation of the purification system, and the supercharging device 70 is arranged between the cloth bag dust collecting device and the ozone oxidation and denitration device, so that on one hand, the operation negative pressure of the front-section internal circulation type heat storage combustion system, the flue gas quenching device 30 and the cloth bag dust collector can be provided, and on the other hand, the operation power of the rear-section ozone oxidation and denitration device and the washing device can be provided. Further, in order to reduce the influence of the wind pressure fluctuation of the fan 10 caused by the large wind volume change range of the fan 10, the flue gas purification system is provided with a plurality of supercharging devices 70 which are connected in parallel for use.
Preferably, the purification system further comprises a flue gas heat exchange device 80. Flue gas heat transfer device 80 can adopt exhaust purification tail gas to heat up supercharging device 70 exhaust elementary purification gas in at least partial catalytic denitration device 63, and elementary purification gas after the intensification gets into catalytic denitration device 63 and carries out catalytic denitration reaction, is favorable to improving catalytic denitration efficiency, shortens process time.
In a preferred embodiment, the purification system further comprises a caustic washing device 90, and the caustic washing device 90 is used for performing caustic washing on the tail gas discharged from the purification gas outlet. Acid gas in the tail gas can be further removed through an alkali washing process, so that further purification is realized.
Another aspect of the present application further provides a method for purifying cremated exhaust gas, including: accelerating the cremation tail gas by a fan and then combusting the cremation tail gas with fuel and combustion-supporting gas to obtain combustion tail gas; quenching the combustion tail gas to obtain a cooling zone; removing acid gas in the cooling gas to obtain primary purified gas; and carrying out catalytic denitration reaction on the primary purified gas and a reducing agent under the action of a catalyst to obtain purified tail gas.
According to the purification method provided by the application, the arrangement of the fan can enable the cremation tail gas to be input under the negative pressure condition, so that the improvement of the conveying efficiency of the cremation tail gas is facilitated, the whole purification system is carried out under the negative pressure environment, the harmful gas escape is inhibited, and the environmental protection of the purification system is improved; in the combustion system, the cremation tail gas is combusted secondarily, which is beneficial to improving the combustion degree of organic matters in the cremation tail gas and reducing the content of harmful gases such as CO and the like; quenching treatment is carried out on the combustion tail gas, so that secondary synthesis of dioxin in the subsequent process is inhibited; adsorbing and dedusting the quenched cooling gas, firstly adsorbing dioxin and heavy metal elements in the cooling gas, and then removing the dioxin and heavy metal elements from the cooling gas to obtain primary purified gas; removing nitrogen-containing compounds in the primary purified gas through catalytic denitration reaction to obtain secondary purified gas; and removing acid gas in the secondary purified gas by washing, and further purifying the tail gas. In conclusion, the purification method can greatly improve the removal rate of acid gases, nitrogen oxides and the like in the cremated tail gas, reduce the content of dioxin, and lower the smoke content in the purified tail gas.
In a preferred embodiment, the step of removing the acid gas from the cooling gas comprises: and (3) reacting the alkaline acid scavenger with the acid gas in the cooling gas to remove the acid gas in the cooling gas. The acid gas can be reacted by the alkaline acid scavenger and then absorbed, and the effect of removing the acid gas from the cooling gas is achieved. Preferably, the alkaline acid scavenger includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide, or quicklime. Compared with other types of alkaline acid scavengers, the acid scavengers have lower cost and larger adsorption capacity for acid gases.
In a preferred embodiment, the cremated exhaust gas is burned for 2-3 seconds at 850-900 ℃. The combustion process is carried out at a higher temperature, which is beneficial to reducing the generation of dioxin, so that the content of the dioxin is reduced, and the utilization rate of heat is improved. More preferably, the combustion tail gas with higher temperature and the subsequent cremation tail gas enter for the first heat exchange, and the combustion tail gas after the first heat exchange and the combustion-supporting gas carry out the second heat exchange again. And burning the cremated tail gas after heat exchange and the combustion-supporting gas to obtain the combustion tail gas.
In a preferred embodiment, the combustion process further comprises exchanging heat between the combustion exhaust and the combustion-supporting gas in sequence and the cremation exhaust conveyed by the fan. The combustion process is favorable to reducing the generation of dioxin under higher temperature, therefore in order to reduce the content of dioxin, improves thermal utilization ratio simultaneously, will have the combustion tail gas of higher temperature earlier with follow-up cremation tail gas that gets into burner carry out the heat transfer for the first time in first heat transfer device, the combustion tail gas after the heat transfer for the first time carries out the heat transfer for the second time in second heat transfer device with combustion-supporting gas once more. More preferably, the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas is reduced to 550 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, the quenching step includes quenching the combustion exhaust with a mixture of water and compressed air as a cooling medium. The mixture of water and compressed air is used as the refrigerant, so that the contact area between the refrigerant and the combustion tail gas is increased, and the cooling efficiency of the refrigerant is increased. Preferably, after the quenching step, the temperature of the cooling gas is 200-230 ℃. Quenching the combustion exhaust gas to the above temperature range is advantageous for suppressing the secondary synthesis of dioxin.
In a preferred embodiment, before the step of removing the acid gas from the cooling gas, the purification method further comprises: and adsorbing the cooling gas by adopting an adsorbent, and then performing dust removal treatment. The adsorbent contacts with the cooling gas discharged from the quenching step to adsorb dioxin and metal elements contained in the cooling gas, but the adsorbent causes the problem of high solid content in the dust-containing tail gas discharged from the adsorption device, so that the dust-removing device 42 is subsequently adopted to treat the cooling gas to remove solid particles in the dust-containing tail gas, and primary purified gas is obtained. Preferably, the dust removing device 42 is a cloth bag dust removing device. More preferably, a low-pressure blowing pulse bag type dust collector is adopted to collect smoke dust in the smoke, the dust-containing smoke enters the box body from an air inlet of the dust removal chamber, purified gas enters the box body in the filter bag through a filter bag opening and is discharged from an air outlet. In order to avoid the influence of the dew condensation of the flue gas on the normal work of the bag type dust collector, the dust collector is provided with perfect overall heat preservation and heating measures. Preferably, the adsorbent includes, but is not limited to, activated carbon.
In a preferred embodiment, between the step of removing the acid gas from the cooling gas and the step of catalytic denitration reaction, the purification method further comprises: and (4) pressurizing the primary purified gas. The pressurization step can be set to be carried out under negative pressure for the front-section combustion step, the quenching step and the dust collection step on the one hand, and on the other hand, operation power is provided for the rear-section denitration step and the washing step, so that the influence of wind pressure fluctuation of the fan caused by large wind volume change range of the fan is reduced, and the purification rate is improved.
In a preferred embodiment, in the catalytic denitration process, the catalyst includes but is not limited to V2O5、WO3And TiO2One or more of the group consisting of; the reducing agent includes, but is not limited to, one or more of the group consisting of ammonia, urea, and liquid ammonia. Wherein each hundred thousand Nm3The amount of the catalyst used for cremating the tail gas is 15-25 m3The dosage of the reducing agent is 480-600 kg.
In a preferred embodiment, the purification method further comprises: cooling the primary purified gas after pressurization treatment, and simultaneously heating the purified tail gas; preferably, the temperature rise range of the purified tail gas is 50-140 ℃, and the temperature drop range of the primary purified gas is 120-200 ℃. The discharged primary purified gas after the pressurization treatment is cooled, so that the primary purified gas can meet the performance requirement of flue gas denitration at a proper denitration reaction temperature. The tail gas discharged in the washing process is subjected to temperature rise treatment, so that the discharge temperature of the tail gas reaches above a dew point, deep whitening can be realized, and the corrosion of the purified tail gas to a flue and a chimney is reduced.
In order to further purify the exhaust gas, preferably, the purification method further includes: and (3) further absorbing acid gas in the tail gas discharged from the catalytic denitration step by adopting alkali liquor (such as sodium hydroxide solution and calcium hydroxide solution), and removing liquid water carried in the tail gas by adopting a demisting device. More preferably, the demisting effect achieves that the moisture content of the outlet flue gas is not more than 50mg/Nm3And introducing the demisted flue gas into the GGH to realize reheating and whitening of the flue gas and comprehensive utilization of heat energy in the system.
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as claimed.
Example 1
The cremation tail gas (450 ℃) discharged from the outlets of the underground flues of the cremation machines is sent into the collecting flue by the corresponding preposed high-temperature fans 10, then is conveyed to the combustion device 20 (internal circulation type heat storage combustion system) for secondary combustion, the temperature of the cremation tail gas is raised to 900 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5 seconds, the combustion tail gas is obtained, and the combustion tail gas exchanges heat with subsequent combustion-supporting gas and cremation tail gas respectively, so that part of heat energy can be recycled.
And conveying the combustion tail gas subjected to heat exchange to a quenching device 30 for cooling, and cooling the combustion tail gas subjected to quenching from 600 ℃ to 250 ℃ to obtain cooling gas.
The cooling gas enters an acid gas removal unit 50 where it is sprayed into an acid gas removal unit 52 (dry deacidification reactor) with a basic acid scavenger NaHCO3The (600 mesh) dry powder is fully contacted with adsorbent active carbon, and then the desulfurized dust-containing tail gas enters a dust removal device 42 (bag-type dust remover) for further dust removal to obtain primary purified gas. The temperature of the primary purge gas was 235 ℃.
Then the above-mentioned primary phase at 235 deg.C is mixedThe stage-purified exhaust gas is sent to a catalytic denitration device 63(SCR catalyst is V)2O5Every one hundred thousand Nm3The consumption of the catalyst is 20m3) Carrying out catalytic denitration reaction to obtain secondary purified tail gas, wherein the sulfur dioxide content in the secondary purified tail gas is less than 50mg/Nm3。
(4) The acidic gas in the flue gas is further absorbed deeply by NaOH alkali liquor in the wet washing tower, the upper outlet of the wet washing tower is provided with a demisting device which can remove liquid water drops carried in the flue gas, and the demisting effect achieves the effect that the humidity of the outlet flue gas is not more than 50mg/Nm3Introducing the demisted flue gas into the GGH to realize reheating and whitening of the flue gas and comprehensive utilization of heat energy in the system; through detection, the desulfurization efficiency is 98.5%, the dechlorination efficiency is 99.8%, the dust removal efficiency is more than 99.9%, and the denitration efficiency is 92.0%.
Example 2
The cremation tail gas (450 ℃) discharged from the outlets of the underground flues of the cremation machines is sent into the collecting flue by the corresponding preposed high-temperature fans 10, then is conveyed to the combustion device 20 (internal circulation type heat storage combustion system) for secondary combustion, the temperature of the cremation tail gas is raised to 950 ℃, the cremation tail gas stays for 3 seconds, the combustion tail gas is obtained, and the combustion tail gas exchanges heat with subsequent combustion-supporting gas and cremation tail gas respectively, so that part of heat energy can be recycled.
And conveying the combustion tail gas subjected to heat exchange to a quenching device 30 for cooling, and cooling the combustion tail gas subjected to quenching from 580 ℃ to 250 ℃ to obtain cooling gas.
The cooling gas enters an acid gas removal unit 50 where it is sprayed into an acid gas removal unit 52 (dry deacidification reactor) with a basic acid scavenger NaHCO3The (650 mesh) dry powder and the adsorbent active carbon are fully contacted, and then the desulfurized dust-containing tail gas enters a dust removal device 42 (a bag-type dust remover) for further dust removal to obtain primary purified gas. The temperature of the primary purge gas was 180 ℃.
Then conveying the primary purified tail gas at the temperature of 180 ℃ to a catalytic denitration device 63(SCR catalyst) for catalytic denitration reaction to obtain secondary purified tail gas, wherein the sulfur dioxide content in the secondary purified tail gas is less than50mg/Nm3。
The acidic gas in the flue gas is further absorbed deeply by NaOH alkali liquor in the wet washing tower, the upper outlet of the wet washing tower is provided with a demisting device which can remove liquid water drops carried in the flue gas, and the demisting effect achieves the effect that the humidity of the outlet flue gas is not more than 50mg/Nm3Introducing the demisted flue gas into the GGH to realize reheating and whitening of the flue gas and comprehensive utilization of heat energy in the system; through detection, the desulfurization efficiency is 98.5%, the dechlorination efficiency is 99.0%, the dust removal efficiency is more than 99.9%, and the denitration efficiency is 92.0%.
Example 3
The cremation tail gas (450 ℃) discharged from the outlets of the underground flues of the cremation machines is sent into the collecting flue by the corresponding preposed high-temperature fans 10, then is conveyed to the combustion device 20 (internal circulation type heat storage combustion system) for secondary combustion, the temperature of the cremation tail gas is raised to 950 ℃, the cremation tail gas stays for 3 seconds, the combustion tail gas is obtained, and the combustion tail gas exchanges heat with subsequent combustion-supporting gas and cremation tail gas respectively, so that part of heat energy can be recycled.
And conveying the combustion tail gas subjected to heat exchange to a quenching device 30 for cooling, and cooling the combustion tail gas subjected to quenching from 550 ℃ to 220 ℃ to obtain cooling gas.
The cooled gas is passed into an acid gas removal unit 50 where it is sprayed into an acid gas removal unit 52 (dry deacidification reactor) with a basic acid scavenger Ca (OH)2The (650 mesh) dry powder and the adsorbent active carbon are fully contacted, and then the desulfurized dust-containing tail gas enters a dust removal device 42 (a bag-type dust remover) for further dust removal to obtain primary purified gas. The temperature of the primary purge gas was 180 ℃.
Then conveying the primary purified tail gas at the temperature of 180 ℃ to a catalytic denitration device 63(SCR catalyst) for catalytic denitration reaction to obtain secondary purified tail gas, wherein the sulfur dioxide content in the secondary purified tail gas is less than 50mg/Nm3。
Using Ca (OH)2The alkali liquor further absorbs the acid gas in the flue gas in a deep manner in the wet-type washing tower, the upper outlet of the wet-type washing tower is provided with a demisting device which can remove the liquid water drops carried in the flue gas, and the demisting effect reaches the outletThe moisture content of the smoke is not more than 50mg/Nm3Introducing the demisted flue gas into the GGH to realize reheating and whitening of the flue gas and comprehensive utilization of heat energy in the system; through detection, the desulfurization efficiency is finally 97.5%, the dechlorination efficiency is 99.0%, the dust removal efficiency is more than 99.9%, and the denitration efficiency is 92.0%.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: by adopting the purification system, the removal rate of acid gas, oxynitride and the like in the cremated tail gas can be greatly improved, the content of dioxin is reduced, and the smoke content in the purified tail gas is lower.
It is noted that the terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those described or illustrated herein.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (18)

1. A purification system for cremated exhaust gases, the purification system comprising:
the device comprises a fan (10), wherein the fan (10) is provided with a cremation tail gas inlet and a cremation tail gas outlet;
the device comprises a combustion device (20), wherein the combustion device (20) is provided with a first feed inlet (201), a second feed inlet (202) and a combustion tail gas outlet (204), the first feed inlet (201) is communicated with the cremation tail gas outlet, and the second feed inlet (202) is used for conveying fuel and combustion-supporting gas;
the quenching device (30), the quenching device (30) is provided with a refrigerant inlet, a combustion tail gas inlet and a cooling gas outlet, and the combustion tail gas inlet is communicated with the combustion tail gas outlet (204);
an acid gas removal unit (50), the acid gas removal unit (50) being provided with a cooling gas inlet, an alkaline acid scavenger inlet and a primary purge gas outlet, the cooling gas inlet being in communication with the cooling gas outlet for removing acid gases from the cooling gas; and
a catalytic denitration unit (60), catalytic denitration unit (60) is provided with catalyst entry, reductant entry, elementary purified gas entry and purification tail gas outlet, elementary purified gas entry with elementary purified gas outlet is through elementary purified gas conveying line intercommunication.
2. The purification system according to claim 1, wherein the combustion device (20) comprises:
the primary heat exchange device (21) is used for exchanging heat between the combustion tail gas and the cremation tail gas;
the combustion chamber (22), the combustion chamber (22) is used for combusting the cremated tail gas treated by the primary heat exchange device (21) to obtain the combustion tail gas; and
and the secondary heat exchange device (23) is used for exchanging heat between the combustion tail gas and the combustion-supporting gas.
3. The purification system of claim 2, wherein the acid gas removal unit (50) comprises:
an alkaline acid scavenger supply device (51), the alkaline acid scavenger supply device (51) being provided with an alkaline acid scavenger supply port;
an acid gas removal device (52), the acid gas removal device (52) being provided with the cooling gas inlet, the alkaline acid scavenger inlet and the primary purge gas outlet, the alkaline acid scavenger inlet being provided in communication with the alkaline acid scavenger supply port.
4. The purification system according to claim 3, comprising an adsorption and dust removal device (40), wherein the adsorption and dust removal device (40) is provided on a flow path between the quenching device (30) and the acid gas removal unit (50) for removing dioxin and heavy metal elements from the cooling gas.
5. The purification system according to claim 4, wherein the adsorption and dust removal device (40) comprises:
an adsorption device (41), wherein the adsorption device (41) is provided with the cooling gas inlet and a dust-containing tail gas outlet;
dust collector (42), dust collector (42) be provided with dusty tail gas entry with elementary purge gas export, the cooling gas entry with cooling gas export intercommunication, dusty tail gas export with dusty tail gas entry intercommunication.
6. The purification system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the catalytic denitration unit (60) comprises:
a catalyst supply device (61), the catalyst supply device (61) being provided with a catalyst supply port;
a reducing agent supply device (62), the reducing agent supply device (62) being provided with a reducing agent supply port;
a catalytic denitration device (63), the catalytic denitration device (63) being provided with the catalyst inlet, the reducing agent inlet, the primary purified gas inlet, and the purified gas outlet, the catalyst inlet being communicated with the catalyst supply port, the reducing agent inlet being communicated with the reducing agent supply port.
7. The purge system of claim 6, further comprising a pressure boosting device (70), the pressure boosting device (70) being disposed on the primary purge gas delivery line.
8. The purification system according to claim 7, further comprising a flue gas heat exchange device (80), wherein the flue gas heat exchange device (80) is used for heating the primary purified tail gas discharged from the pressure boosting device (70).
9. The purification system according to claim 8, further comprising a caustic washing device (90), wherein the caustic washing device (90) is configured to perform caustic washing on the exhaust gas discharged from the purified gas outlet.
10. A method for purifying a cremated exhaust gas, the method comprising:
accelerating the cremation tail gas by a fan and then combusting the cremation tail gas with fuel and combustion-supporting gas to obtain combustion tail gas;
quenching the combustion tail gas to obtain cooling gas;
removing acid gas in the cooling gas to obtain primary purified gas;
and carrying out catalytic denitration reaction on the primary purified gas and a reducing agent under the action of a catalyst to obtain purified tail gas.
11. The purification method according to claim 10, wherein the step of removing acid gases from the cooling gas comprises: reacting an alkaline acid scavenger with the acid gas in the cooling gas to remove the acid gas in the cooling gas;
preferably, the alkaline acid scavenger is selected from one or more of the group consisting of sodium bicarbonate, calcium hydroxide or quicklime.
12. The purification method according to claim 11, wherein the temperature of the combustion process is 850-900 ℃ for 2-3 s.
13. The purification method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the combustion process further comprises heat exchanging the combustion exhaust gas sequentially with the combustion-supporting gas and the cremation exhaust gas conveyed by the fan, preferably reducing the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas to 550 ℃.
14. The purification method according to claim 13, wherein the quenching step comprises quenching the combustion exhaust gas with a mixture of water and compressed air as a cooling medium, and preferably, the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas after the quenching step is 200-230 ℃.
15. The purification method of claim 13, wherein prior to the step of removing acid gases from the cooling gas, the purification method further comprises: adsorbing the cooling gas by adopting an adsorbent, and then performing dust removal treatment;
preferably, the adsorbent is activated carbon.
16. The purification method according to claim 15, wherein between the step of removing the acid gas in the cooling gas and the step of catalytic denitration reaction, the purification method further comprises: and performing pressurization treatment on the primary purified gas.
17. The purification method according to claim 13, wherein the catalyst is selected from V2O5、WO3And TiO2One or more of the group consisting of; the reducing agent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of ammonia, urea and liquid ammonia.
18. The decontamination method of claim 16, further comprising: cooling the primary purified gas after the pressurization treatment, and simultaneously heating the purified tail gas; preferably, the temperature of the purified tail gas and the primary purified gas is 50-140 ℃.
CN202011027497.8A 2020-09-25 2020-09-25 Cremation tail gas purification system and purification method Pending CN112076625A (en)

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