CN112075156A

CN112075156A - Preparation and application of water-retaining and temperature-adjusting material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture

Info

Publication number: CN112075156A
Application number: CN202011017575.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 雷自强; 罗万银; 赵睿; 熊红冉; 王芳; 杨尧霞; 彭辉
Original assignee: Northwest Normal University; Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Current assignee: Northwest Normal University; Northwest Institute of Eco Environment and Resources of CAS
Priority date: 2020-09-24
Filing date: 2020-09-24
Publication date: 2020-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-24
Also published as: CN112075156B

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method and application of a water-retaining and temperature-adjusting material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture. The material is prepared by compounding at least two organic phase change energy storage materials at high temperature to obtain a eutectic mixture, mixing the eutectic mixture with a high-molecular water retention material, adding tap water, and stirring uniformly. According to the invention, at least two organic phase change energy storage materials are compounded at high temperature to obtain a eutectic mixture for slowing down the sudden drop of the environmental temperature so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the temperature and provide a proper temperature for the sprouting and growth of pasture, then the eutectic mixture compounded by the organic phase change energy storage materials is mixed with a high polymer water retention material to obtain a water retention and temperature adjustment material connected through hydrogen bonds, and the eutectic mixture compounded by the organic phase change energy storage materials and the high polymer water retention material are coordinated and acted together so that the material has excellent water retention and temperature adjustment performance.

Description

Preparation and application of water-retaining and temperature-adjusting material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of desertification control and ecological restoration of grasses, and relates to preparation and application of a water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting weathering pit forage grass.

Background

Soil wind erosion is one of the main processes of land desertification, and is one of the serious ecological environment problems of arid areas, semiarid areas and partial semihumid areas in China. The erosion pit is a concave land formed on the original sandy sediment due to the erosion effect of wind. Its appearance is often a clear sign of activation of stationary sand dunes, seen as the most direct ground reflection of the sand-blown dynamic processes of these regions in response to climate change and human activity. The deposition environment and the landform conditions for the development of the wind erosion pit are different, the form change is very obvious, but the wind erosion pit can be basically divided into four forms of sand spots, a dish shape, a bowl shape, a groove shape and the like, the different development stages of the wind erosion pit are reflected, and the depth of the wind erosion pit is changed from several meters to more than ten meters. But the depth of the giant wind erosion pit developed in the northeast edge harmonization basin of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau can reach nearly 50And (4) rice. Displaying a terrain monitoring result: the wind erosion pit developed on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is complete in type and huge in shape, and particularly in some ancient sand hill areas with deep wind sand deposition, the maximum wind erosion pit area can exceed 100000 m²The length of the pit body is about 1000 m (including a sand body accumulated after the pit), the width is 180 m, the depth is 40 m, the plastic erosion of the pit body is obvious, the pit body outwards expands at the collapse speed of about 2-5 m every year on average, and the grassland is destroyed through three modes of disturbance, pressing and phagocytosis. The desert in the alpine arid regions in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau is influenced by low-temperature and low-pressure environments, the natural environment of the desert is different from that of the desert regions in the north, and the desert is often used for controlling the formation, fixation and movement of dunes. In addition, compared with coastal and grassland wind erosion pits in low-altitude areas, the giant wind erosion pit in the alpine arid area is influenced by the terrain and the slope direction, the seasonal temperature difference change of the pit walls (yin-yang slopes) on two sides is large, differential erosion and collapse phenomena can be caused generally, and once the phenomenon occurs, the erosion and the expansion are continued, and the treatment difficulty is very large. Meanwhile, the formation process of the sand dune is often accompanied with the multi-phase flow conveying and depositing process of wind, snow and wind sand, the vegetation grows slowly, and the ground surface is influenced repeatedly by the freezing and melting process.

In recent years, various wind prevention and sand fixation measures are layered, ecological restoration of a common grassland wind erosion pit is not very difficult, but in a wind erosion pit in an alpine and arid region, due to low temperature, drought and strong wind accelerated in the wind erosion pit (equivalent to a narrow tube effect), pasture seeds are difficult to land and germinate even if the seeds land, so that the treatment of the grassland wind erosion pit in the alpine and arid region is very difficult. The method comprises the following steps that 3 key technical problems need to be solved in the treatment of the wind erosion pit of the grassland in the alpine arid region, and firstly, the pasture seeds are in a non-flowing environment; secondly, the temperature of the soil microenvironment where the forage grass seeds are located is increased; thirdly, sufficient water and fertilizer conditions are provided for the germination and growth of the grass seeds. This requires the soil microenvironment to be able to heat up (phase change energy storage material), preserve heat (water and energy storage material) and collect water and save water (improve the water and fertilizer holding capacity of the soil).

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a water-retaining and temperature-adjusting material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture.

Preparation of water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture

The preparation method of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting the wind erosion pit pasture comprises the steps of reacting at least two organic phase change energy storage materials at 70-100 ℃ for 1-8 hours, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 45-55 ℃ for 85-95 seconds, carrying out dynamic uniform mixing by utilizing the enhanced mass transfer dispersion effect of the ultrasonic treatment, and naturally cooling to obtain a eutectic mixture; and (3) fully mixing the eutectic mixture and the polymer water-retaining material containing loess according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1: 5, adding tap water, and stirring at room temperature for 1-5 hours to obtain the water-retaining and temperature-regulating material for planting the pasture in the weathering pit. Wherein the organic phase change energy storage material is stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, polyethylene glycol or palmitic acid; the mass of the at least two organic phase change energy storage materials is the same; the polymer water-retaining material containing the loess is obtained by compounding the polymer water-retaining material and the loess, wherein the mass fraction of the loess is 0.4-0.6%, and the compounding of the loess and the polymer water-retaining material can improve the water-retaining property of the material and reduce the cost; the high-molecular water-retaining material is at least one of 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization xanthan gum, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization flaxseed gum, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization sand sagebrush gum and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization sesbania gum.

The phase change temperature of the prepared eutectic is 10-26 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 90-120J/g, and the larger phase change latent heat can provide stable heat energy for the material. The introduced high-molecular water-retaining material has a cross-linked three-dimensional network structure and carries strong hydrophilic groups, can be expanded into hydrogel after absorbing water, can absorb heat released by the phase-change energy storage material, maintains stable soil temperature, can slowly release water for vegetation to absorb and utilize, and increases the saturated water holding capacity of soil.

Second, application of water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture

The invention relates to an application of a water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting pasture in a wind erosion pit. Wherein the mass ratio of the sand to the soil to the sheep manure is 100:5: 1; the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material is 1.5-2.5% of the mass of the mixture of soil, sand, sheep manure and forage grass seeds. The sandy soil can be obtained from local materials, has wide sources and low cost.

The germination conditions of seeds on the 1 st day, the 2 nd day, the 10 th day and the 50 th day of the gunny bag placed in the wind erosion pit are recorded, as shown in figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively, the herbage seeds in the gunny bag can sprout in 10-15 days although the pasture seeds are subjected to wind and snow weather and surface freeze thawing process in the environment temperature of 3-13 ℃. After the water retention and temperature adjustment material is added into the mixture of the soil, the sand, the sheep manure and the grass seeds in the jute bag, the water retention rate can be improved by 25-40%, and the temperature inside the jute bag is 1-2 ℃ higher than that in nearby sand on average.

In conclusion, the invention firstly adopts at least two organic phase change energy storage materials to be compounded at high temperature to obtain the eutectic mixture which is used for slowing down the sudden drop of the environmental temperature so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the temperature and provide proper temperature for the sprouting and the growth of the pasture, then the eutectic mixture compounded by the organic phase change energy storage materials is mixed with the high polymer water retention material to obtain the water retention and temperature regulation material connected by the hydrogen bond, and the eutectic mixture compounded by the organic phase change energy storage materials and the high polymer water retention material are mutually coordinated and act together so that the material has excellent water retention and temperature regulation performance. The invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, environmental protection, low cost and the like, and the material has wide application prospect in the planting of the weathering pit forage grass and the original ecological restoration of the grass in the alpine and arid regions.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a photograph of a water-retention and temperature-adjusting material of the present invention placed in a weathering pit on day 1.

Fig. 2 is a photograph of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material of the present invention placed in a weathering pit on day 2.

Fig. 3 is a photograph of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material of the present invention placed in a weathering pit on day 10.

Fig. 4 is a photograph of the water-retention and temperature-adjusting material of the present invention placed in a weathering pit on day 30.

Detailed Description

The preparation and application of the water-retaining and temperature-adjusting material for planting the weathering pit pasture are further described by the following specific embodiments.

Example 1

5 g of palmitic acid, 5 g of palmitic acid and 5 g of stearic acid were weighed out separately and kept at 80 ℃ for 2 hours in a thermostat. And then quickly transferring the eutectic mixture to an ultrasonic cleaner with the water bath temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 90 s, and naturally cooling to obtain the eutectic mixture. And then, fully mixing the eutectic mixture and the loess-containing 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization carboxymethyl cellulose in a mass ratio of 1:1, adding tap water, and mechanically stirring for 2 hours at room temperature to obtain the water-retention temperature-regulating material.

Adding the water-retention and temperature-regulation material into a mixture of local meadow soil, sand, sheep manure and 3 native grass seeds (3 of shavings, beckmannia syzigachne, lysimachia, white grass and green sea goosegrass) (the amount of the sand: the soil: the sheep manure =100:5:1, and the water-retention and temperature-regulation material is 1.5% of the mass of the mixture), uniformly mixing, filling into 80 cm.100 cm jute bags, placing the jute bags in a wind erosion pit, wherein the distance between the jute bags is 2 m, and each 3 jute bags are arranged in a triangular shape. After the water retention and temperature adjustment material is added into the mixture of the soil, the sand, the sheep manure and the grass seeds in the gunny bag, the water retention rate is improved by 30 percent, the temperature inside the gunny bag is averagely 1-2 ℃ higher than that in the nearby sand, 3 local grass seeds germinate after 12 days at the ambient temperature of 3-13 ℃, and the same grass seeds planted in the sand of the wind erosion pit nearby the gunny bag do not germinate.

Example 2

5 g of lauric acid and 5 g of polyethylene glycol are weighed respectively and are kept at the constant temperature of 80 ℃ for 3 hours in a constant temperature box. And then quickly transferring the eutectic mixture to an ultrasonic cleaner with the water bath temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 90 s, and naturally cooling to obtain the eutectic mixture. And then, fully mixing the eutectic mixture and the loess-containing 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization xanthan gum in a mass ratio of 1:2, adding tap water, and mechanically stirring for 3 hours at room temperature to obtain the water-retention temperature-regulating material. .

Adding the water-retention and temperature-regulation material into a mixture consisting of local meadow soil, sand, sheep manure and 3 native grass seeds (3 of elymus chinense, beckmannia syzigachne, lysimachia sikokiana, white grass and green sea goosegrass) (sand: soil: sheep manure =100:5:1, and the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-regulation material is 2.5% of the mass of the mixture), uniformly mixing, filling the obtained final sample into 80 cm.100 cm jute bags, placing the jute bags in a wind erosion pit, wherein the distance between the jute bags is 2 m, and each 3 jute bags are arranged in a triangular shape. After the water retention and temperature adjustment material is added into the mixture of the soil, the sand, the sheep manure and the grass seeds in the gunny bag, the water retention rate can be improved by 33 percent, the temperature inside the gunny bag is averagely 2 ℃ higher than that in the nearby sand, 3 local grass seeds germinate after 10 days at the environmental temperature of 3-13 ℃, and the same grass seeds planted in the sand of the wind erosion pit nearby the gunny bag do not germinate.

Example 3

5 g of palmitic acid and 5 g of myristic acid are weighed respectively and kept at 100 ℃ for 5 hours in a thermostat. And then quickly transferring the eutectic mixture to an ultrasonic cleaner with the water bath temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 90 s, and naturally cooling to obtain the eutectic mixture. And then, fully mixing the eutectic mixture and the graft copolymerization flaxseed gum containing loess 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid in a mass ratio of 1:3, adding tap water, and mechanically stirring for 1 hour at room temperature to obtain the water-retention temperature-regulating material.

Adding the water-retention and temperature-regulation material into a mixture consisting of local meadow soil, sand, sheep manure and 3 native grass seeds (3 of elymus chinense, beckmannia syzigachne, lysimachia sikokiana, white grass and green sea goosegrass) (sand: soil: sheep manure =100:5:1, and the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-regulation material is 2.5% of the mass of the mixture), uniformly mixing, filling the obtained final sample into 80 cm.100 cm jute bags, placing the jute bags in a wind erosion pit, wherein the distance between the jute bags is 2 m, and each 3 jute bags are arranged in a triangular shape. After the water retention and temperature adjustment material is added into the mixture of the soil, the sand, the sheep manure and the grass seeds in the gunny bag, the water retention rate can be improved by 37 percent, the temperature inside the gunny bag is averagely 2 ℃ higher than that in the nearby sand, 3 local grass seeds germinate after 10 days at the environmental temperature of 3-13 ℃, and the same grass seeds planted in the sand of the wind erosion pit nearby the gunny bag do not germinate.

Example 4

5 g of polyethylene glycol, 5 g of palmitic acid and 5 g of lauric acid are weighed respectively and kept at the constant temperature of 70 ℃ for 2 hours in a constant temperature box. And then quickly transferring the eutectic mixture to an ultrasonic cleaner with the water bath temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 90 s, and naturally cooling to obtain the eutectic mixture. And then, fully mixing the eutectic mixture and the loess-containing 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization artemisia glue in a mass ratio of 1:4, adding tap water, and mechanically stirring for 4 hours at room temperature to obtain the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material.

Adding the water-retention and temperature-regulation material into a mixture consisting of local meadow soil, sand, sheep manure and 3 native grass seeds (3 of elymus chinense, beckmannia syzigachne, lysimachia sikokiana, white grass and green sea goosegrass) (sand: soil: sheep manure =100:5:1, and the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-regulation material is 2.5% of the mass of the mixture), uniformly mixing, filling into 80 cm.100 cm jute bags, placing the jute bags in a wind erosion pit with the distance of 2 m, wherein each 3 jute bags are arranged in a triangular shape. After the water retention and temperature adjustment material is added into the mixture of the soil, the sand, the sheep manure and the grass seeds in the gunny bag, the water retention rate can be improved by 35 percent, the temperature inside the gunny bag is averagely 1-2 ℃ higher than that in the nearby sand, 3 local grass seeds germinate after 10 days at the environmental temperature of 3-13 ℃, and the same grass seeds planted in the sand of the wind erosion pit nearby the gunny bag do not germinate.

Example 5

5 g of myristic acid, 5 g of stearic acid and 5 g of lauric acid were weighed and kept at 80 ℃ for 7 hours in a thermostat. And then quickly transferring the eutectic mixture to an ultrasonic cleaner with the water bath temperature of 50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 90 s, and naturally cooling to obtain the eutectic mixture. Then, the eutectic mixture is mixed with the graft copolymer sesbania gum containing loess 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid in a mass ratio of 1:2, and tap water is added to mechanically stir for 2 hours at room temperature.

Adding the water-retention and temperature-regulation material into a mixture consisting of local meadow soil, sand, sheep manure and 3 native grass seeds (3 of shakeweed, beckmannia syzigachne, lysimachia, white grass and green sea goosegrass) (sand: soil: sheep manure =100:5:1, and the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-regulation material is 1.5% of the mass of the mixture). After being uniformly mixed, the mixture is put into gunny bags of 80 cm.100 cm, the gunny bags are placed in a wind erosion pit, the distance between the gunny bags is 2 m, and each 3 gunny bags are arranged in a triangular shape. After the water retention and temperature adjustment material is added into the mixture of the soil, the sand, the sheep manure and the grass seeds in the gunny bag, the water retention rate can be improved by 25 percent, the temperature inside the gunny bag is averagely 1-2 ℃ higher than that in the nearby sand, 3 local grass seeds germinate after 15 days at the environmental temperature of 3-13 ℃, and the same grass seeds planted in the sand of the wind erosion pit nearby the gunny bag do not germinate.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting of wind erosion pit pasture comprises the steps of reacting at least two organic phase change energy storage materials at 70-100 ℃ for 1-8 hours, carrying out ultrasonic treatment to dynamically and uniformly mix the materials under the action of enhanced mass transfer dispersion, and naturally cooling to obtain a eutectic mixture; and (3) fully mixing the eutectic mixture and the polymer water-retaining material containing loess according to the mass ratio of 1: 1-1: 5, adding tap water, and stirring at room temperature to obtain the water-retaining and temperature-regulating material for planting the pasture in the weathering pit.

2. The preparation method of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting the weathering pit pasture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the organic phase change energy storage material is stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid, lauric acid, polyethylene glycol and palmitic acid.

3. The preparation method of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting the weathering pit pasture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the at least two organic phase change energy storage materials have the same mass.

4. The preparation method of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting the weathering pit pasture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the polymer water-retaining material containing the loess is obtained by compounding the polymer water-retaining material and the loess, wherein the mass fraction of the loess is 0.4-0.6%.

5. The preparation method of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting the weathering pit pasture as claimed in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: the high-molecular water-retaining material is at least one of 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization xanthan gum, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization flaxseed gum, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization sand sagebrush gum and 2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid graft copolymerization sesbania gum.

6. The preparation method of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting the weathering pit pasture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 85-95 s at the temperature of 45-55 ℃.

7. The preparation method of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material for planting the weathering pit pasture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the stirring time is 1-5 h.

8. The use of a water-retaining and temperature-regulating material for wind-eroded pit pasture plantation prepared by the method of claim 1, characterized in that: adding the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material into the mixture of the soil, the sand, the sheep manure and the forage grass seeds, mixing uniformly, filling into a gunny bag, and putting into a wind erosion pit.

9. The use of a water-retaining temperature-regulating material for wind pit pasture planting according to claim 8, wherein: the mass ratio of the sand to the soil to the sheep manure is 100:5: 1.

10. The use of a water-retaining temperature-regulating material for wind pit pasture planting according to claim 8, wherein: the addition amount of the water-retention and temperature-adjustment material is 1.5-2.5% of the mass of the mixture of soil, sand, sheep manure and forage grass seeds.