CN112068158B - Black carbon aerosol aging state estimation method based on back scattering observation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a black carbon aerosol aging state estimation method based on back scattering observation, which comprises the steps of firstly, inverting by using a back scattering coefficient to obtain an extinction coefficient and ground visibility, and identifying clear sky, slight dust haze, moderate dust haze and severe dust haze weather; then, judging the non-sphericity degree of the aerosol particles based on the volume depolarization ratio threshold, wherein the closer to 0, the higher the aging degree is; finally, the size of the aerosol particles is judged based on the color ratio threshold value, the more the size of the aerosol particles is close to 0, the more the small particles are, the lower the aging degree is, and the black carbon aerosol aging state of fresh emission, moderate aging, severe aging and uncertain state is obtained. And determining the threshold values of the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio according to different conditions such as different areas and seasons by using a ground instrument. The aging state of the black carbon aerosol is obtained, the quantitative application level of atmospheric remote sensing can be effectively improved, finer aerosol physicochemical optical parameters are provided for regional and global climate evaluation, and the uncertainty of current remote sensing observation and climate evaluation is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of atmosphere modeling, in particular to a black carbon aerosol aging state estimation method based on back scattering observation.
Background
With the development of economy, the atmospheric environmental problems in China are more and more serious, the air quality of areas is deteriorated, the physical health of the national people is directly endangered, and the atmospheric visibility is reduced, so that the transportation trip is hindered. Black carbon aerosol is a main emission of artificial sources such as fire coal, automobile exhaust, biomass combustion and the like, and is an important factor for causing heavy pollution weather such as dust haze and the like. The freshly discharged black carbon aerosol and aerosol components such as sulfate, nitrate, organic matters and the like tend to be mixed with each other in the atmosphere through heterogeneous reaction, moisture absorption and growth aging processes to form aerosol particles with complex forms and multiple mixing, so that absorption amplification effect is caused, and the method is one of the most important uncertainty sources for remote sensing observation and climate evaluation at present. In this connection, the microscopic morphology of the black carbon aerosol also changes significantly with the aging process. Freshly discharged black carbon aerosols are typically formed from a collection of small particles, with a loose cluster structure, exhibiting a pronounced non-spherical morphology. As the black carbon aerosol ages, the mixed aerosol appears to have inclusions or attachments in microscopic morphology, so that the aerosol particles become larger, and the cluster structure of the black carbon aerosol is also more compact, approaching a spherical morphology.
The Lidar (Light detection and ranging, lidar) is an important means of remote sensing at present to acquire optical characteristics such as backscattering of a target by analyzing echo signals of interactions between a remote target and a laser beam. For example, a dual-channel laser radar CALIOP carried on a caliomo satellite can observe and obtain the vertical distribution characteristics of aerosol, and provide 532nm total backscattering coefficient, 532nm vertical backscattering coefficient, 1064nm backscattering coefficient, volume depolarization ratio and color ratio. The volume depolarization ratio is the ratio of 532nm vertical back scattering intensity to 532nm parallel back scattering intensity, which indicates the irregularity degree of the aerosol particles to be measured, and the larger the value is, the more irregular the aerosol particles are; the color ratio is the ratio of 1064nm back-scattered intensity to 532nm total back-scattered intensity, reflecting the size of the aerosol particles tested, the larger the color ratio, the larger the aerosol particles.
The existing back scattering observation data of the laser radar is used for inverting extinction characteristics and ground visibility of the aerosol, the aerosol is only divided into different grades of haze weather, and the aging state of the black carbon aerosol is estimated by using the back scattering observation in no related technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to obtain the aging state of the black carbon aerosol, the invention provides a black carbon aerosol aging state estimation method based on back scattering observation, which respectively utilizes a volume depolarization ratio and a color ratio threshold value to judge two key characteristics of aerosol particle increase and non-spherical form weakening so as to identify different black carbon aerosol aging states; the quantitative application level of atmospheric remote sensing can be effectively improved, finer physicochemical parameters are provided for regional and global climate evaluation, and the uncertainty of current remote sensing observation and climate evaluation is reduced.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a black carbon aerosol aging state estimation method based on back scattering observation, comprising the following steps:
(1) Classifying weather based on a backscattering coefficient of the laser radar, wherein the weather comprises at least sunny days, slight haze, moderate haze and severe haze;
(2) And calculating the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio of the black carbon aerosol, and determining the aging state according to the current weather level, the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio threshold value.
Further, grading the weather based on the backscatter coefficients of the lidar includes: obtaining an extinction coefficient near the ground of 0-2km based on the inverse of the forward scattering coefficient, and calculating the ground visibility V according to the extinction coefficient; v >10km is sunny weather, 5<V is less than or equal to 10km is slight haze, 2<V is less than or equal to 5km is moderate haze, and V is less than or equal to 2km is heavy haze.
Further, calculating the ground visibility V according to the extinction coefficient specifically includes:
the aerosol optical thickness τ of the whole atmosphere layer is calculated from the extinction coefficient Qext (z):
the ground visibility V is calculated from the aerosol optical thickness τ:
wherein K is a Koschmieder constant, H is an atmospheric elevation, and z is a layer with different heights.
Further, calculating the volumetric depolarization ratio of the black carbon aerosol specifically includes:
direct laser radar observation to obtain backscattering observation coefficient including 532nm total backscattering coefficient beta 532,total And a vertical backscattering coefficient beta of 532nm 532,⊥ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the total backscattering coefficient beta of 532nm 532,total And a vertical backscattering coefficient beta of 532nm 532,⊥ Calculating to obtain polarized parallel light beta // (z), z being different height layers;
calculating the ratio of polarized vertical light to parallel light scattering intensity under the condition that the volume depolarization ratio delta (z) is 532nm wavelength:
further, calculating the color ratio Φ (z) of the black carbon aerosol specifically includes:
β 532,total (z) and beta 1064,total (z) the total 532nm and 1064nm backscattering coefficients obtained by observation, respectively.
Further, determining the aging state according to the current weather level, the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio threshold specifically includes:
if the current weather level is slight haze or moderate haze, the volume depolarization ratio is larger than a first volume depolarization ratio threshold value, and the color ratio is smaller than a first color ratio threshold value, judging that the black carbon aerosol is freshly discharged;
if the current weather level is moderate haze or severe haze, the volume depolarization ratio is smaller than a second volume depolarization ratio threshold value and the color ratio is larger than the second color ratio threshold value, judging that the black carbon aerosol is severely aged, and if the volume depolarization ratio is smaller than the second volume depolarization ratio threshold value and the color ratio is smaller than or equal to the second color ratio threshold value, judging that the black carbon aerosol is moderately aged;
judging whether the slight haze, the moderate haze or the severe haze of other states is black carbon aerosol in an uncertain state;
the second volume depolarization ratio threshold is less than the first volume depolarization ratio threshold, and the second volume depolarization ratio threshold is greater than the first volume depolarization ratio threshold.
Further, the determination method of the second volume depolarization ratio threshold, the first volume depolarization ratio threshold, the second volume depolarization ratio threshold and the first volume depolarization ratio threshold is as follows:
establishing a model aiming at weather of different levels in different areas and different seasons;
measuring a single-particle black carbon volume ratio (FBC) of the model by adopting a single-particle black carbon photometer, and determining an aging state of the model based on the single-particle black carbon volume ratio (FBC);
determining the aging state of the model according to the current weather level, the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio threshold; and adjusting the first volume depolarization ratio threshold, the second volume depolarization ratio threshold, the first volume depolarization ratio threshold and the second volume depolarization ratio threshold to ensure that the aging state of the model is consistent with the aging state of the model determined based on the single-particle black carbon volume ratio FBC.
Further, determining the aging state of the model based on the single particle black carbon volume ratio FBC specifically includes: the fresh-discharged black carbon aerosol is judged if 0.2< FBC is less than or equal to 1, the medium-aged black carbon aerosol is judged if 0.01< FBC is less than or equal to 0.2, and the heavy-aged black carbon aerosol is judged if 0< FBC is less than or equal to 0.01.
Further, the scattering and absorption characteristics of the atmosphere or the modified atmosphere model are determined according to the aging state.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
(1) According to the invention, the data such as the backscattering coefficient, the volume depolarization ratio, the color ratio and the like obtained by the backscattering observation of the laser radar are comprehensively utilized, and the aging state of the black carbon aerosol is estimated from the angles such as the non-spherical morphology, the particle size and the like, so that the quantitative application level of atmospheric remote sensing is improved, finer physicochemical parameters are provided for regional and global climate evaluation, and the uncertainty of the current remote sensing observation and climate evaluation is reduced.
(2) According to the invention, the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio threshold value can be dynamically updated and adjusted under different conditions such as different areas and seasons according to the verification result of the ground instrument, so that the estimation accuracy of the aging state is ensured.
(3) The invention adopts the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio to estimate the aging state, can obtain the result of the regional scale in a large range and full coverage, makes up the defect of determining the aging state by adopting the single-particle measurement of the black carbon volume ratio, and effectively serves satellite remote sensing observation and climate change evaluation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an aging state estimation method;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an aging process.
Detailed Description
The objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention.
The laser radar is mainly used for obtaining vertical distribution of aerosol, and has good application effect. According to the invention, through quantitatively analyzing two key characteristics of aerosol particle enlargement and non-spherical form weakening caused by the black carbon aerosol aging process, a black carbon aerosol aging state estimation method based on back scattering observation is provided. Firstly, obtaining an extinction coefficient and ground visibility by inversion of a backscattering coefficient, and identifying weather with clear sky, slight haze, moderate haze and severe haze; then, judging the non-sphericity degree of the aerosol particles based on the volume depolarization ratio threshold, wherein the closer to 0, the higher the aging degree is; finally, the size of the aerosol particles is judged based on the color ratio threshold value, the more the size of the aerosol particles is close to 0, the more the small particles are, the lower the aging degree is, and the black carbon aerosol aging state of fresh emission, moderate aging, severe aging and uncertain state is obtained.
In connection with fig. 2, freshly discharged black carbon aerosol, black carbon particles were not encapsulated, then partially encapsulated, partially embedded, and finally fully encapsulated to severe aging. The physicochemical optical characteristics of each stage of aging have large changes, so that different aging degrees of the black carbon aerosol need to be distinguished, and then the atmospheric model is improved, and the accuracy of the atmospheric model is improved.
The invention comprehensively utilizes the data such as backscattering coefficient, volume depolarization ratio, color ratio and the like obtained by the backscattering observation of the laser radar, and can estimate the aging state of the black carbon aerosol from the angles such as non-spherical morphology, particle size and the like.
Referring to fig. 1, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) Based on laser radar backward observation, a 532nm total backward scattering coefficient is obtained, and classification of the weather with heavy dust haze pollution is carried out. And inverting to obtain an extinction coefficient of 0-2km near the ground based on the 532nm total backscattering coefficient, and converting the extinction coefficient into ground visibility by using an empirical formula. According to different grading methods, classifying the ground visibility of >10km as clear sky weather, classifying the ground visibility of 5-10km as slight dust haze, classifying the ground visibility of 2-5km as medium dust haze, and classifying the ground visibility of <2km as severe dust haze.
The calculating of the ground visibility V according to the extinction coefficient specifically comprises:
the aerosol optical thickness of the whole atmosphere layer isQext (z) is the aerosol extinction coefficient of layers of different heights, visibility V is +.>
Where K is a Koschmieder constant, typically set to 3.912, h is the atmospheric elevation, and ground visibility can be approximated as the inverse of the ground aerosol extinction coefficient at a height of 0.
(2) And according to the heavy pollution weather of the haze at different levels, the aging state of the black carbon aerosol is identified by utilizing a threshold method combining the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio. For slight and medium haze, if the volume depolarization ratio is larger than a first volume depolarization ratio threshold and the color ratio is smaller than a first color ratio threshold, judging that the black carbon aerosol is freshly discharged; for medium-grade and heavy-grade haze, judging as the severely aged black carbon aerosol if the volume depolarization ratio is smaller than a second volume depolarization ratio threshold and the color ratio is larger than the second color ratio threshold, and judging as the medium-aged black carbon aerosol if the volume depolarization ratio is smaller than the second volume depolarization ratio threshold and the color ratio is smaller than or equal to the second color ratio threshold; the second volume depolarization ratio threshold is less than the first volume depolarization ratio threshold, and the second volume depolarization ratio threshold is greater than the first volume depolarization ratio threshold.
In other states, the black carbon aerosol in an uncertain state mainly comprises black carbon aerosols in various aging states, or black carbon aerosols between fresh emission and moderate aging, and is not easy to quantitatively characterize by using a threshold value. The volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio threshold for judging the aging state of the black carbon aerosol change to a certain extent with different conditions such as areas and seasons, so that it is necessary to correct the thresholds by ground observation and dynamically update and adjust the thresholds.
The calculation of the volume depolarization ratio of the black carbon aerosol specifically comprises the following steps:
for example, the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) satellite in the "a-Train" satellite formation, which was launched off on 28 th year of 2006, carries an orthogonally polarized Cloud-aerosol laser radar (CALIOP, cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) that can obtain a backscattering coefficient profile of 2 wavelengths (532, 1064 nm) twice a day, including a 532nm total backscattering coefficient β 532,total Vertical backscattering coefficient beta at 532nm 532,⊥ And 1064nm backscattering coefficient beta 1064,total Thus, the vertical profile of the volume depolarization ratio of 532nm and the color ratio of two wavelengths are calculated.
β ⊥ (z) and beta // (z) represents polarized parallel light and perpendicular light, respectively, z being layers of different heights,indicating bi-directional atmospheric transmittance.
The laser radar directly observes and obtains a backscattering observation coefficient, the volume depolarization ratio (delta (z)) is defined as the ratio of polarized vertical light to parallel light scattering intensity under the condition of 532nm wavelength, the irregularity degree of the measured particles is indicated, and the larger the value is, the more irregular the particles are indicated.
The calculation of the color ratio phi (z) of the black carbon aerosol specifically includes:
the size of the color ratio is generally proportional to the particle size of the aerosol particles, with larger color ratios resulting in larger particles.
Different aging states correspond to different scattering and absorption characteristics, the atmospheric state can be more accurately simulated through the estimation of the aging states, more accurate earth surface reflectivity is obtained through calculation, and further the imaging quality of optical remote sensing is improved.
And dynamically updating and adjusting the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio threshold value in different areas and seasons by using the ground instrument verification result. And (3) respectively obtaining the single-particle black carbon volume ratio (0 < FBC less than or equal to 1) of the black carbon aerosol by adopting a single-particle black carbon photometer, and classifying the real atmosphere into a fresh emission (0.2 < FBC less than or equal to 1), a moderate aging (0.01 < FBC less than or equal to 0.2) and a severe aging (0 < FBC less than or equal to 0.01) black carbon aerosol aging state. Based on the ground black carbon aerosol aging state observation result, updating the threshold values of the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio according to different conditions such as different areas and seasons by using a regression model. Determining the aging state of the model according to the current weather level, the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio threshold; and adjusting the first volume depolarization ratio threshold, the second volume depolarization ratio threshold, the first volume depolarization ratio threshold and the second volume depolarization ratio threshold to ensure that the aging state of the model is consistent with the aging state of the model determined based on the single-particle black carbon volume ratio FBC.
In one embodiment, if the volumetric depolarization ratio is greater than 0.1 and the color ratio is less than 0.1, then a freshly discharged black carbon aerosol is determined; for medium and heavy haze, if the volume depolarization ratio is less than 0.02 and the color ratio is greater than 0.5, the black carbon aerosol is judged to be severely aged, and if the volume depolarization ratio is less than 0.02 and the color ratio is less than or equal to 0.5, the black carbon aerosol is judged to be moderately aged.
In summary, the invention provides a black carbon aerosol aging state estimation method based on back scattering observation, which comprises the steps of firstly, inverting by using a back scattering coefficient to obtain an extinction coefficient and ground visibility, and identifying clear sky, slight dust haze, moderate dust haze and severe dust haze weather; then, judging the non-sphericity degree of the aerosol particles based on the volume depolarization ratio threshold, wherein the closer to 0, the higher the aging degree is; finally, the size of the aerosol particles is judged based on the color ratio threshold value, the more the size of the aerosol particles is close to 0, the more the small particles are, the lower the aging degree is, and the black carbon aerosol aging state of fresh emission, moderate aging, severe aging and uncertain state is obtained. And verifying the estimation accuracy by using a ground instrument, and updating the threshold values of the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio according to conditions of different areas, seasons and the like. The aging state of the black carbon aerosol is obtained, the quantitative application level of atmospheric remote sensing can be effectively improved, finer physicochemical parameters are provided for regional and global climate evaluation, and the uncertainty of current remote sensing observation and climate evaluation is reduced.
It is to be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely illustrative of or explanation of the principles of the present invention and are in no way limiting of the invention. Accordingly, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the appended claims are intended to cover all such changes and modifications that fall within the scope and boundary of the appended claims, or equivalents of such scope and boundary.
Claims (7)
1. The black carbon aerosol aging state estimation method based on the back scattering observation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Classifying weather based on a backscattering coefficient of the laser radar, wherein the weather comprises at least sunny days, slight haze, moderate haze and severe haze;
(2) Calculating the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio of the black carbon aerosol, and determining the aging state according to the current weather level, the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio threshold;
ranking weather based on the backscatter coefficients of lidar includes: obtaining an extinction coefficient near the ground of 0-2km based on the inverse of the forward scattering coefficient, and calculating the ground visibility V according to the extinction coefficient; v >10km is sunny weather, 5<V is less than or equal to 10km and is slight dust haze, 2<V is less than or equal to 5km and is moderate dust haze, and V is less than or equal to 2km and is severe dust haze;
the calculating of the ground visibility V according to the extinction coefficient specifically comprises:
the aerosol optical thickness τ of the whole atmosphere layer is calculated from the extinction coefficient Qext (z):
the ground visibility V is calculated from the aerosol optical thickness τ:
wherein K is a Koschmieder constant, H is an atmospheric elevation, and z is a layer with different heights.
2. The method for estimating an aging state of a black carbon aerosol based on back-scattering observation according to claim 1, wherein calculating a volumetric depolarization ratio of the black carbon aerosol specifically comprises:
direct laser radar observation to obtain backscattering observation coefficient including 532nm total backscattering coefficient beta 532,total And a vertical backscattering coefficient beta of 532nm 532,⊥ The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the According to the total backscattering coefficient beta of 532nm 532,total And a vertical backscattering coefficient beta of 532nm 532,⊥ Calculating to obtain polarized parallel light beta // (z), z being different height layers;
calculating the ratio of polarized vertical light to parallel light scattering intensity under the condition that the volume depolarization ratio delta (z) is 532nm wavelength:
3. the method for estimating aging state of black carbon aerosol based on back-scattering observation according to claim 2, wherein calculating the color ratio Φ (z) of the black carbon aerosol specifically comprises:
β 532,total (z) and beta 1064,total (z) the total 532nm and 1064nm backscattering coefficients obtained by observation, respectively.
4. The method for estimating an aging state of a black carbon aerosol based on back-scattering observations as set forth in claim 1, wherein determining the aging state based on the current weather level, the volumetric depolarization ratio, and the color ratio threshold comprises:
if the current weather level is slight haze or moderate haze, the volume depolarization ratio is larger than a first volume depolarization ratio threshold value, and the color ratio is smaller than a first color ratio threshold value, judging that the black carbon aerosol is freshly discharged;
if the current weather level is moderate haze or severe haze, the volume depolarization ratio is smaller than a second volume depolarization ratio threshold value and the color ratio is larger than the second color ratio threshold value, judging that the black carbon aerosol is severely aged, and if the volume depolarization ratio is smaller than the second volume depolarization ratio threshold value and the color ratio is smaller than or equal to the second color ratio threshold value, judging that the black carbon aerosol is moderately aged;
judging whether the slight haze, the moderate haze or the severe haze of other states is black carbon aerosol in an uncertain state;
the second volume depolarization ratio threshold is less than the first volume depolarization ratio threshold, and the second volume depolarization ratio threshold is greater than the first volume depolarization ratio threshold.
5. The method for estimating a black carbon aerosol aging state based on back scattering observation according to claim 4, wherein the determining method of the second volume depolarization ratio threshold, the first volume depolarization ratio threshold, the second volume depolarization ratio threshold, and the first volume depolarization ratio threshold is as follows:
establishing a model aiming at weather of different levels in different areas and different seasons;
measuring a single-particle black carbon volume ratio (FBC) of the model by adopting a single-particle black carbon photometer, and determining an aging state of the model based on the single-particle black carbon volume ratio (FBC);
determining the aging state of the model according to the current weather level, the volume depolarization ratio and the color ratio threshold; and adjusting the first volume depolarization ratio threshold, the second volume depolarization ratio threshold, the first volume depolarization ratio threshold and the second volume depolarization ratio threshold to ensure that the aging state of the model is consistent with the aging state of the model determined based on the single-particle black carbon volume ratio FBC.
6. The method for estimating an aging state of a black carbon aerosol based on back-scattering observations as recited in claim 5, wherein determining the aging state of the model based on the single-particle black carbon volume fraction FBC comprises:
the fresh-discharged black carbon aerosol is judged if 0.2< FBC is less than or equal to 1, the medium-aged black carbon aerosol is judged if 0.01< FBC is less than or equal to 0.2, and the heavy-aged black carbon aerosol is judged if 0< FBC is less than or equal to 0.01.
7. The method for estimating the aging state of a black carbon aerosol based on back-scattering observations according to claim 1, wherein the scattering and absorption characteristics of the atmosphere or the modified atmosphere model are determined based on the aging state.
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