CN112067873A - Self-balancing bridge circuit for millimeter wave power meter - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于毫米波功率计的自平衡电桥电路，包括参考电阻、热敏电阻和比较模块，所述参考电阻和所述热敏电阻分别与所述比较模块连接，所述热敏电阻设置在所述毫米波功率计芯片上用以检测芯片的工作温度，所述比较模块包括第一运算放大器、第一二极管，第一三极管，第二运算放大器、第二二极管和第二三极管，本发明的参考电阻和热敏电阻采用四线连接，其中两线用于提供环路电流，另两线用于电阻两端电压测量，从而减小引线电阻带来的影响至忽略不计，参数调节方便，仅需通过改变电容大小来改变平衡速度，无需调节其他电容电感。
The invention discloses a self-balancing bridge circuit for a millimeter-wave power meter, comprising a reference resistor, a thermistor and a comparison module, wherein the reference resistor and the thermistor are respectively connected with the comparison module, and the The thermistor is arranged on the millimeter wave power meter chip to detect the operating temperature of the chip, and the comparison module includes a first operational amplifier, a first diode, a first transistor, a second operational amplifier, a second operational amplifier, and a second operational amplifier. The diode and the second triode, the reference resistor and the thermistor of the present invention are connected by four wires, two wires are used to provide the loop current, and the other two wires are used to measure the voltage at both ends of the resistor, thereby reducing the lead resistance The impact is negligible, and the parameter adjustment is convenient. It only needs to change the balance speed by changing the size of the capacitor, and there is no need to adjust other capacitors and inductances.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于电桥电路技术领域，涉及一种用于毫米波功率计的自平衡电桥电路。The invention belongs to the technical field of electric bridge circuits, and relates to a self-balancing electric bridge circuit for a millimeter wave power meter.
背景技术Background technique
随着毫米波技术的广泛应用，对毫米波功率进行准确测量的需求变得更加急迫。毫米波功率测量技术主要可分为二极管检波和量热式两种。检波式功率计可以进行毫米波功率的快速测量，但限于其工作原理，无法通过量热式基准对其进行准确定标。With the widespread application of millimeter-wave technology, the need for accurate measurement of millimeter-wave power has become more urgent. Millimeter wave power measurement technology can be mainly divided into two types: diode detection and calorimetry. Geophone power meters can quickly measure millimeter-wave power, but due to their working principles, they cannot be accurately calibrated by calorimetric benchmarks.
量热式毫米波功率计配套的传感器中的热敏电阻并不直接吸收毫米波功率，芯片上的吸波材料吸收毫米波导致芯片温升，电路层上的热敏电阻的阻值会发生相应变化，这类传感器也被称为旁热式热敏电阻功率传感器。如果未加入毫米波功率前预先以直流功率将热敏电阻偏置在特定阻值上，并以闭环控制的方式保持不变，则当加入毫米波功率后，闭环电路将自动减少直流功率以维持电路平衡。The thermistor in the sensor of the calorimetric millimeter-wave power meter does not directly absorb the millimeter-wave power. The absorbing material on the chip absorbs the millimeter-wave and causes the temperature of the chip to rise, and the resistance of the thermistor on the circuit layer will change accordingly. This type of sensor is also known as a bypass thermistor power sensor. If the thermistor is biased at a specific resistance value with DC power before adding the millimeter wave power, and keeps it unchanged in the way of closed-loop control, when the millimeter-wave power is added, the closed-loop circuit will automatically reduce the DC power to maintain the circuit balance.
目前这类功率计实际采用的闭环控制电路非常复杂，首先要用惠斯通电桥测得偏差信号，放大后还要经过调节器进行参数整定，更主要的缺点是：采用惠斯通电桥测量偏差时，所有电阻都不是以四线方式接入电桥，因而无法根据电桥两端电压准确计算平衡时电阻损耗的直流功率，因此，需要一种能够解决上述问题的用于毫米波功率计的自平衡电桥电路。At present, the closed-loop control circuit actually used by this type of power meter is very complicated. First, the deviation signal is measured by a Wheatstone bridge, and after amplification, the parameters are adjusted by a regulator. The main disadvantage is that the Wheatstone bridge is used to measure the deviation. When , all the resistors are not connected to the bridge in a four-wire manner, so the DC power of the resistance loss during the balance cannot be accurately calculated according to the voltage at both ends of the bridge. Therefore, there is a need for a millimeter wave power meter that can solve the above problems. Self-balancing bridge circuit.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的旨在，针对现有用于毫米波功率计的自平衡电桥电路，本发明为了解决旁热式热敏电阻功率传感器所配接功率计的闭环控制问题的用于毫米波功率计的自平衡电桥电路。The purpose of the present invention is to, in view of the existing self-balancing bridge circuit for millimeter-wave power meter, the present invention is for the millimeter-wave power meter in order to solve the closed-loop control problem of the power meter connected to the bypass thermistor power sensor. The self-balancing bridge circuit.
本发明包括参考电阻和热敏电阻，包括比较模块，所述参考电阻和所述热敏电分别与所述比较模块连接，所述热敏电阻设置在所述毫米波功率计芯片上用以检测芯片的工作温度，所述比较模块包括第一运算放大器、第一二极管，第一三极管，第二运算放大器、第二二极管和第二三极管，所述参考电阻的第一端和第二端分别与第一运算放大器的负极输入端和第二放大器的正极输入端连接，所述热敏电阻的第一端和第二端分别与第二运算放大器的负极输入端和第一运算放大器的正极输入端连接，所述第一运算放大器的输出端与第一二极管的负极端连接，所述第一二极管的正极端与第一三极管的基极连接，所述第一三极管的发射极与所述参考电阻的第一端连接，所述第一三极管的集电极与所述热敏电阻的第一端连接，所述第二运算放大器的输出端与第二二极管的负极端连接，所述第二二极管的正极端与第二三极管的基极连接，所述第二三极管的发射极与所述热敏电阻的第二端连接，所述第二三极管的集电极与所述参考电阻的第二端连接。The present invention includes a reference resistor and a thermistor, including a comparison module, the reference resistor and the thermistor are respectively connected to the comparison module, and the thermistor is arranged on the millimeter-wave power meter chip to detect The operating temperature of the chip, the comparison module includes a first operational amplifier, a first diode, a first transistor, a second operational amplifier, a second diode and a second transistor, and the third reference resistor One end and the second end are respectively connected with the negative input end of the first operational amplifier and the positive input end of the second amplifier, and the first end and the second end of the thermistor are respectively connected with the negative input end of the second operational amplifier and the positive input end of the second amplifier. The positive input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected, the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the negative terminal of the first diode, and the positive terminal of the first diode is connected to the base of the first triode , the emitter of the first triode is connected to the first end of the reference resistor, the collector of the first triode is connected to the first end of the thermistor, and the second operational amplifier The output terminal of the second diode is connected to the negative terminal of the second diode, the positive terminal of the second diode is connected to the base of the second triode, and the emitter of the second triode is connected to the thermal The second end of the resistor is connected, and the collector of the second triode is connected to the second end of the reference resistor.
进一步地，所述热敏电阻并联有第一电容。Further, the thermistor is connected in parallel with a first capacitor.
进一步地，所述第一运算放大器和第二运算放大器均设置有可调整电阻。Further, both the first operational amplifier and the second operational amplifier are provided with adjustable resistances.
进一步地，两个所述可调整电阻上串接有接地电容。Further, a grounding capacitor is connected in series with the two adjustable resistors.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明的电阻采用四线连接，其中两线用于提供环路电流，另两线用于电阻两端电压测量，从而减小引线电阻带来的影响至忽略不计。参数调节方便，仅需通过改变电容大小来改变平衡速度，无需调节其他电容电感。The resistor of the present invention is connected by four wires, two wires are used to provide loop current, and the other two wires are used to measure the voltage at both ends of the resistor, thereby reducing the influence of lead resistance to negligible. The parameter adjustment is convenient, only by changing the size of the capacitor to change the balance speed, no need to adjust other capacitors and inductances.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为用于毫米波功率计的自平衡电桥电路示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-balancing bridge circuit for a millimeter-wave power meter;
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下对本发明各实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明所保护的范围。The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明包括参考电阻Rt900和热敏电阻102，包括比较模块，参考电阻Rt900和热敏电阻102分别与所述比较模块连接，所述热敏电阻102设置在所述毫米波功率计芯片上用以检测芯片的工作温度，所述比较模块包括第一运算放大器U101、第一二极管D101，第一三极管Q101，第二运算放大器U102、第二二极管D102和第二三极管Q102，所述参考电阻Rt900的第一端和第二端分别与第一运算放大器U101的负极输入端和第二运算放大器U102的正极输入端连接，所述热敏电阻102的第一端和第二端分别与第二运算放大器U102的负极输入端和第一运算放大器U101的正极输入端连接，所述第一运算放大器U101的输出端与第一二极管D101的负极端连接，所述第一二极管U101的正极端与第一三极管Q101的基极连接，所述第一三极管Q101的发射极与所述参考电阻的第一端连接，所述第一三极管Q101的集电极与所述热敏电阻的第一端连接，所述第二运算放大器U102的输出端与第二二极管D102的负极端连接，所述第二二极管D102的正极端与第二三极管Q102的基极连接，所述第二三极管 Q102的发射极与所述热敏电阻102的第二端连接，所述第二三极管 Q102的集电极与所述参考电阻Rt900的第二端连接。As shown in FIG. 1 , the present invention includes a reference resistor Rt900 and a
所述热敏电阻102并联有第一电容C1。The
所述第一运算放大器U101和第二运算放大器U102均上设置有可调整电阻。Both the first operational amplifier U101 and the second operational amplifier U102 are provided with adjustable resistors.
两个所述可调整电阻上串接有接地电容(C102和C104)。Ground capacitors (C102 and C104) are connected in series with the two adjustable resistors.
U101和U102为运算放大器，利用差分输入端电位相同的特性实现两个电阻两端电位差相同。环路达到平衡时，电流会自动调节热敏电阻值，使其阻值与参考电阻阻值相等。此时第一运算放大器U101 的差分输入端电势差趋近于零，第二运算放大器U102的差分输入端电势差趋近于零，两个电阻两端电势差相等。由于两个电阻在同一电流环路上电流相同，从而使得热敏电阻阻值稳定在参考电阻的固定阻值上。U101 and U102 are operational amplifiers, using the characteristic of the same potential at the differential input terminals to achieve the same potential difference across the two resistors. When the loop reaches equilibrium, the current automatically adjusts the thermistor value so that its resistance is equal to the reference resistance. At this time, the potential difference of the differential input terminal of the first operational amplifier U101 is close to zero, the potential difference of the differential input terminal of the second operational amplifier U102 is close to zero, and the potential difference between the two resistors is equal. Since the two resistors have the same current in the same current loop, the resistance value of the thermistor is stabilized at the fixed resistance value of the reference resistor.
三极管基极连接运算放大器输出，通过第一运算放大器U101和第二运算放大器U102的输出对三极管的基极电流的控制实现对环路电流大小的调节。The base of the triode is connected to the output of the operational amplifier, and the loop current is adjusted by controlling the base current of the triode by the outputs of the first operational amplifier U101 and the second operational amplifier U102.
Rt-900为参考电阻，桥路平衡时热敏电阻的阻值将被固定在 Rt-900的阻值上。Rt-900 is the reference resistor. When the bridge circuit is balanced, the resistance of the thermistor will be fixed on the resistance of Rt-900.
热敏电阻被设计在功率传感器内部的芯片上，测量毫米波功率时通过电缆连接至功率计，所示电路的控制下，其阻值将稳定在参考电阻的阻值上，吸收的毫米波功率将导致其直流平衡功率发生变化，功率计测得的替代功率将可以用来表征传感器吸收的毫米波功率。The thermistor is designed on the chip inside the power sensor. When measuring the millimeter wave power, it is connected to the power meter through a cable. Under the control of the circuit shown, its resistance value will be stable at the resistance value of the reference resistor, and the absorbed millimeter wave power This will cause its DC balance power to change, and the surrogate power measured by the power meter will be used to characterize the mmWave power absorbed by the sensor.
本发明避免了伺服电路的复杂性，简化了PID参数整定过程，参考电阻与热敏电阻均以四线方式接入，不受引线长度限制。The invention avoids the complexity of the servo circuit, simplifies the PID parameter setting process, and the reference resistor and the thermistor are connected in a four-wire manner, which is not limited by the length of the lead.
功率计的标准电阻直接关系到直流替代功率的准确度，在本实施例子中选取高精度、高温度稳定性的精密电阻对功率计精度有关键作用。在设计时采用高精度高稳定性电阻，电阻的精度为0.01％，温度系数小于5ppmΩ/℃。The standard resistance of the power meter is directly related to the accuracy of the DC substitute power. In this embodiment, selecting a precision resistance with high precision and high temperature stability plays a key role in the accuracy of the power meter. High-precision and high-stability resistors are used in the design, the accuracy of the resistors is 0.01%, and the temperature coefficient is less than 5ppmΩ/℃.
由于运放在电路中起到维持标准电阻和待测电阻两端电势差相等的作用，因此运放的开环增益一定要非常大，同时环路的电流是由运放的差分电压决定的，因此从运放必须有很高的共模抑制比，可以减小共模电压的影响。除此之外，运放还应该具有非常小的失调电压。综合考虑成本和性能，采用高增益、低失调电压的OP-07运放。Since the op amp plays the role of maintaining the potential difference between the standard resistance and the resistance to be measured equal in the circuit, the open-loop gain of the op amp must be very large, and the current of the loop is determined by the differential voltage of the op amp, so The slave op amp must have a high common mode rejection ratio to reduce the effect of common mode voltage. In addition to this, the op amp should have a very small offset voltage. Considering cost and performance comprehensively, the OP-07 op amp with high gain and low offset voltage is used.
电路中在热敏电阻两端并联了一个大容值电解电容，其作用是消除电路环路的振荡。由于功率计的测量对象具有一定的热容，当环路中电流的变化并不能实时的引起电阻值的变化，总是存在一定的惯性延时，因此在电阻两端并联大电容以减小电流的瞬时变化值。根据大量实验验证，最后电容值选取为1000μF。In the circuit, a large-capacity electrolytic capacitor is connected in parallel at both ends of the thermistor, and its function is to eliminate the oscillation of the circuit loop. Since the measurement object of the power meter has a certain heat capacity, the change of the current in the loop cannot cause the change of the resistance value in real time, and there is always a certain inertial delay. Therefore, a large capacitor is connected in parallel at both ends of the resistance to reduce the current. The instantaneous change value of . According to a large number of experimental verifications, the final capacitance value is selected as 1000μF.
本领域的普通技术人员将会意识到，这里所述的实施例是为了帮助读者理解本发明的原理，应被理解为本发明的保护范围并不局限于这样的特别陈述和实施例。本领域的普通技术人员可以根据本发明公开的这些技术启示做出各种不脱离本发明实质的其它各种具体变形和组合，这些变形和组合仍然在本发明的保护范围内。Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist readers in understanding the principles of the present invention, and it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations without departing from the essence of the present invention according to the technical teaching disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications and combinations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114785288A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-07-22 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Amplifier power supply circuit of balance bridge and bridge amplifying circuit |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114785288A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-07-22 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Amplifier power supply circuit of balance bridge and bridge amplifying circuit |
| CN114785288B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-09-30 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心低速空气动力研究所 | Amplifier power supply circuit of balance bridge and bridge amplifying circuit |
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Application publication date: 20201211 |
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| WW01 | Invention patent application withdrawn after publication |