CN112067446A - Device and method for testing pressure blocking effect of seam height control agent - Google Patents
Device and method for testing pressure blocking effect of seam height control agent Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of reducing mine earthquake level by a hydraulic fracturing method for coal mine safety mining, in particular to a testing device and a testing method for the pressure blocking effect of a seam height control agent, wherein the testing device comprises a feeding pipeline, a feeding valve, an experiment host, a base, a computer, a hydraulic data transmission line, a hydraulic sensor, a hydraulic controller and a water tank, the invention relates to a liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid inlet valve, wherein an experiment host comprises a front wall plate, a rear wall plate, a liquid inlet, a feed inlet, a left fixing groove, a right fixing groove and sealing rubber, the experiment host is assembled and fixed and then placed on a base when an experiment is carried out, a hydraulic sensor is connected with a computer through a hydraulic data transmission line, and a hydraulic controller is connected between the computer and the liquid inlet pipeline.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reducing mine earthquake level by a hydraulic fracturing method for coal mine safety mining, in particular to a device and a method for testing the pressure blocking effect of a seam height control agent.
Background
In the process of coal mining, if a huge thick rock stratum roof suspended behind a goaf exceeds a certain area, under the influence of the mechanical properties of roof rocks and the collapse period of the roof rocks, the distribution state of stope stress can be changed, roof rock burst is induced, and then the geological disasters such as mine earthquake and the like which seriously threaten coal mine safety mining are caused. Theoretical research shows that the hydraulic fracturing technology is utilized to treat the top plate of the huge thick rock stratum to form cracks in the top plate, the integrity of the huge thick rock stratum is damaged, the elastic deformation energy before the stratum is damaged is reduced, and then a series of geological disasters caused by large-area huge thick rock stratum suspension are avoided. However, in field practice, it has been found that in some areas there is no barrier above the roof of the heavy rock formation that can impede the propagation of the fracture in the vertical direction. This condition may cause the hydraulic fracture to easily spread in the vertical direction during the fracturing process, and the horizontal direction spreading ability is weak, hardly covers the whole working face, has reduced the fracturing effect.
In order to solve the above problems, a fracture height control agent having a low density is mixed into a fracturing fluid and injected into a fracture during a fracturing operation. Because of the low density of the crack height control agent, the crack height control agent can float and gather in the crack to form a particle body with a certain height as an artificial barrier layer. The particle body can quickly attenuate the fluid pressure at the tip of the hydraulic fracture, so that the expansion speed of the fracture in the vertical direction is reduced, and the expansion of the fracture in the horizontal direction is facilitated, so that the required fracturing scale is achieved. However, it is difficult to evaluate the effect of the joint height control agent on site because of the non-repeatability and difficult monitoring of the construction work. Therefore, the invention provides a device and a method for testing the pressure inhibition effect of the seam height control agent, which are used for evaluating the pressure inhibition capability of the seam height control agent and providing a basis for the selection and the dosage of the seam height control agent in field operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the resistance reduction effect of a seam height control agent is difficult to detect in the current construction operation, the invention provides a device and a method for testing the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent, and the device and the method are used for solving the problem of evaluating the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent when a huge thick rock roof is subjected to fracturing operation.
A testing device for the pressure blocking effect of a seam height control agent comprises a feeding pipeline, a feeding valve, an experimental host, a base, a computer, a hydraulic data transmission line, a hydraulic controller, a water tank, a liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid inlet valve, wherein the experimental host is placed on the base and consists of a front wall plate, a rear wall plate, a left fixing groove, a right fixing groove, a liquid inlet, a feeding hole, hydraulic sensors, a fixing bolt and sealing rubber, the front wall plate and the rear wall plate are fixedly connected with the left fixing groove and the right fixing groove through the fixing bolt to form an experimental host inner cavity, the hydraulic sensors are vertically arranged on the rear wall plate and are connected with the computer through the hydraulic data transmission line, the computer can automatically identify and record the hydraulic values of the hydraulic sensors at different heights, the sealing rubber is tightly attached to the upper surface, the lower surface, the left surface and the right surface of the experimental host inner, water tank, feed liquor pipeline, feed liquor valve and inlet connect gradually, hydraulic controller connects just between computer and the feed liquor pipeline computer, hydraulic controller, feed liquor pipeline, feed liquor valve and inlet connect gradually, seam height control agent passes through the feed inlet and pours into the experiment host computer into, fracturing fluid passes through the inlet and pours into the experiment host computer into.
Furthermore, two sides of the sealing rubber are tightly attached to the front wall plate and the rear wall plate, and the sealing rubber is tightly attached to the left, right, upper and lower wall surfaces of the inner cavity of the experimental host.
Further, one of the plurality of hydraulic pressure sensors is provided at the lowermost portion of the rear wall plate as a reference hydraulic pressure sensor, and the remaining hydraulic pressure sensors are arranged in an encrypted manner at an upper portion of the reference hydraulic pressure sensor.
Further, according to the width, height and length of the crack to be simulated, a left fixing groove, a right fixing groove, a front wall plate, a rear wall plate and sealing rubber with matched sizes are selected.
Further, the feed inlet sets up the top at the experiment host computer, the inlet sets up on the lower part lateral wall of experiment host computer.
A method of testing the effectiveness of a seam height control agent pressure barrier said method comprising the steps of:
step 1, selecting a left fixing groove, a right fixing groove, a front wall plate, a rear wall plate and sealing rubber which are matched in specification according to the size of a crack to be simulated, placing the sealing rubber, fixedly connecting the front wall plate and the rear wall plate with the left fixing groove and the right fixing groove by using fixing bolts, assembling and fixing the whole testing device, and closing a feeding valve and a liquid inlet valve;
step 5, after the seam height control agent and the fracturing fluid in the experiment host are sufficiently stable, recording the pressure values of the hydraulic sensors with different heights in the experiment host through a computer, quantitatively calculating the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent according to the pressure attenuation gradient, and comprehensively evaluating the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent under the experiment condition;
and 6, replacing the left fixing groove, the right fixing groove, the front wall plate, the rear wall plate and the sealing rubber with different sizes, selecting fracturing fluids with different densities and viscosities, changing the using amount of the seam height control agent and the type of the seam height control agent, repeating the steps 1-5, and comprehensively calculating and evaluating the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agents with different types by using experimental results.
Further, the amount of the seam height control agent used in step 2 is calculated by the volume of the lengths of the front and rear wall panels, the distance between the two wall panels, and the height of the barrier layer formed by the seam height control agent.
Further, the method for quantitatively calculating the pressure barrier effect of the slit-height control agent in step 5 is to quantitatively calculate the pressure barrier effect of the slit-height control agent by using a pressure decay gradient, and the mathematical expression is as follows:
in the formula: Δ P is the pressure decay gradient; p0The pore pressure of the root of the slot height control agent; the top P is the pore pressure of the top of the seam height control agent; h is the height of the seam height control agent.
Has the advantages that: the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent under different experimental conditions is tested, and an experimental rule is comprehensively analyzed and obtained by using a quantitative calculation method. Under the guidance of the rule, the pressure blocking effect of different seam height control agents can be comprehensively evaluated, and meanwhile, the type selection and the dosage of the seam height control agents can be designed according to different stratum conditions and fracturing fluid types in the fracturing process, and the specific beneficial effects are shown as the following two points:
1) the method can be used for evaluating the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent under the conditions of different seam sizes, different seam forms, different seam internal pressures and different seam internal fluid physical parameters, and can also be used for evaluating the influence of the types and the dosage of different seam height control agents on the pressure blocking effect, and the application range is wide.
2) The data acquisition system formed by the hydraulic sensor and the computer can automatically identify and record the hydraulic values at different heights in the experiment host, and is simple to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a device for testing the pressure barrier effect of a slit height controller in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of the experimental main frame of the present invention along a longitudinal section of a left-side fixing bolt;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the experimental main frame of the present invention taken along a transverse section of the upper fixing bolt.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a feeding pipeline, 2, a feeding valve, 3, an experimental host, 3-1, a front wall plate, 3-2, a rear wall plate, 3-3, a left fixing groove, 3-4, a right fixing groove, 3-5, a liquid inlet, 3-6, a feeding hole, 3-7, a hydraulic sensor, 3-8, a fixing bolt, 3-9, sealing rubber, 4, a base, 5, a computer, 6, a hydraulic data transmission line, 7, a hydraulic controller, 8, a water tank, 9, a liquid inlet pipeline, 10 and a liquid inlet valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention provides a device for testing the pressure barrier effect of a seam height control agent, which adopts the technical scheme that: the device comprises a feeding pipeline 1, a feeding valve 2, an experimental host 3, a base 4, a computer 5, a hydraulic data transmission line 6, a hydraulic controller 7, a water tank 8, a liquid inlet pipeline 9 and a liquid inlet valve 10, wherein the experimental host 3 consists of a front wall plate 3-1, a rear wall plate 3-2, a left fixing groove 3-3, a right fixing groove 3-4, a liquid inlet 3-5, a feeding hole 3-6, a hydraulic sensor 3-7, a fixing bolt 3-8 and sealing rubber 3-9 and is placed on the base 4; the sealing rubbers 3-9 are placed on the upper, lower, left and right wall surfaces formed after the two wall plates are placed; the left fixing groove 3-3 and the right fixing groove 3-4 can be fixedly connected with the front wall plate 3-1 and the rear wall plate 3-2 through fixing bolts 3-8; the hydraulic sensors 3-7 are connected to the computer 5 through hydraulic data transmission lines 6; the hydraulic controller 7 is connected between the computer 5 and the liquid inlet pipeline 10, the feeding valve 2 and the liquid inlet valve 10 can be closed and bear certain pressure during an experiment to ensure the pressure in the experiment host 3 to be stable, the left fixing groove 3-3 and the right fixing groove 3-4 can be connected and fixed with the front wall plate 3-1 and the rear wall plate 3-2 through the fixing bolts 3-8, the distance between the front wall plate and the rear wall plate after fixing is used for simulating the width of a crack, and the distance between the two wall plates is controlled and adjusted by providing fixing grooves with different inner widths so as to simulate different crack width conditions; after the front wall plate and the rear wall plate are placed, the sealing rubbers 3-9 are placed to be tightly attached to the upper wall surface, the lower wall surface, the left wall surface and the right wall surface formed by the two wall plates, so that the sealing effect of the experimental main machine is formed after the subsequent fixing grooves are connected with the wall plates; a plurality of hydraulic sensors 3-7 are distributed on the rear wall plate 3-2, one hydraulic sensor is arranged at the bottommost part of the rear wall plate 3-3 and serves as a reference hydraulic sensor, and the rest hydraulic sensors are arranged on the upper part of the reference hydraulic sensor in an encrypted manner; the water tank 9 is connected to the experiment host 3 through a liquid inlet pipeline 10 and liquid inlets 3-5, and fluid can be injected into the experiment host 3 through the liquid inlet pipeline 10. The water tank 8 is connected to the experiment host 3 through a liquid inlet pipeline 9 and liquid inlets 3-5, and can inject fluid into the experiment host 3; the feeding port is arranged at the top end of the experiment host, and the liquid inlet is arranged on the side wall of the lower part of the experiment host; the front wall plate and the rear wall plate are fixedly connected with the left fixing groove and the right fixing groove through fixing bolts to form an inner cavity of the experimental host.
The invention provides a testing method of a seam height control agent pressure barrier effect testing device, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, selecting a left fixing groove, a right fixing groove, a front wall plate, a rear wall plate and sealing rubber which are matched in specification according to the size of a crack to be simulated, fixedly connecting the front wall plate and the rear wall plate with the left fixing groove and the right fixing groove by using fixing bolts, integrally assembling and fixing the testing device, closing a feeding valve and a liquid inlet valve, and enabling the sealing rubber 3-9 to be tightly attached to the upper side, the lower side, the left side and the right side of the wall plate to form wall surfaces;
the length of the front wall plate and the rear wall plate is the length of the simulated crack half seam; the height of the wallboard is the simulated crack height; the distance between the two panels is the simulated crack width. In order to reduce the influence of the boundary effect, in the embodiment, the length of the wall plate is set to be 1.2m, and the height of the wall plate is set to be 1m, and the test experiments of the invention can be completed on the wall plates with other sizes. The adjusting range between the two wall plates is similar to the width of a hydraulic fracture formed in the actual fracturing process, and the specific value is between 2mm and 20 mm. The test experiment of the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent under the condition of different seam widths can be simulated by selecting left and right fixing grooves with different specifications.
the dosage of the seam height control agent required by the experiment is calculated through simulation conditions, and the dosage of the seam height control agent is calculated through simulating the width of a crack and predicting the thickness of the artificial barrier layer of the granules, namely, the volume calculation is carried out through the length of the wall plate, the distance between the two wall plates and the predicted height of the barrier layer formed by the seam height control agent. The injection fluid is required to completely fill the experimental main body 3 so that the low-density gap height control agent can contact the topmost space formed by the two wall plates.
The density and viscosity of injected fracturing fluid are accurately prepared in the water tank 8 according to experimental requirements, and the blocking effect of the crack height control agent under the condition of simulating different types of fracturing fluid is evaluated by proportioning fluids with different physical properties.
and controlling the liquid pressure at the bottommost part in the experimental host 3 to reach a preset value, namely simulating the liquid pressure at a certain distance between the inside of the crack and the floating and gathering part of the crack height control agent.
In the actual fracturing process, the expansion condition of the fracture needs to meet the condition that the intra-fracture static pressure is greater than the tensile strength of the rock, namely, when the difference between the intra-fracture fluid pressure and the far-field ground stress perpendicular to the expansion direction of the fracture is greater than the tensile strength of the rock at the place, the fracture can expand forwards. The fluid pressure at the top of the crack is hindered by the crack height control agent, so that the static pressure at the top in the vertical direction of the crack is reduced, and when the value of the static pressure is smaller than the tensile strength of the rock at the top, the crack does not expand, namely the blocking effect of the crack height control agent meets the design requirement.
Step 5, after the seam height control agent and the fluid in the host 3 to be tested are sufficiently stable, recording the pressure values of the hydraulic sensors 3-7 at different heights on the rear wall plate 3-2 through the computer 5;
the pressure-retarding effect of the seam height control agent under the experimental conditions was evaluated comprehensively using the hydraulic pressure values of the hydraulic pressure sensors 3-7 arranged densely at the positions where the seam height control agent floats and gathers, in particular, at the upper portion of the rear wall panel 3-2.
The pressure attenuation gradient is used for carrying out quantitative calculation on the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent, and the mathematical expression is as follows:
in the formula: Δ P is the pressure decay gradient; p0 is the pore pressure of the root of the slot height control agent; the top P is the pore pressure of the top of the seam height control agent; h is the height of the seam height control agent.
The instrument is used for carrying out experiments on specific simulation conditions to obtain corresponding pore pressure data, and the obtained numerical value is brought into the established pressure attenuation calculation equation, so that the pressure blocking effect of the slit height control agent under the experimental conditions, namely the experimental conditions of specific slit width, type of the slit height control agent and physical properties of fluid, is quantitatively analyzed.
And 6, replacing the left fixing groove, the right fixing groove, the front wall plate, the rear wall plate and the sealing rubber with different sizes according to different combinations, selecting fracturing fluids with different densities and viscosities, changing the using amount of the seam height control agent and the type of the seam height control agent, repeating the steps 1-5, and comprehensively calculating and evaluating the pressure blocking effects of the seam height control agents with different types by using experimental results.
In the step 6 of the technical scheme, the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent under different experimental conditions is tested, and an experimental rule is comprehensively analyzed and obtained by using a quantitative calculation method. Under the guidance of the rule, the pressure blocking effects of different seam height control agents can be comprehensively evaluated, and meanwhile, the type selection and the dosage of the seam height control agents can be designed according to different stratum conditions and types of fracturing fluids in the fracturing process.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A device for testing the pressure blocking effect of a seam height control agent is characterized by comprising a feeding pipeline, a feeding valve, an experimental host, a base, a computer, a hydraulic data transmission line, a hydraulic controller, a water tank, a liquid inlet pipeline and a liquid inlet valve, wherein the experimental host is placed on the base and consists of a front wall plate, a rear wall plate, a left fixing groove, a right fixing groove, a liquid inlet, a feed inlet, a hydraulic sensor, a fixing bolt and sealing rubber, the front wall plate and the rear wall plate are fixedly connected with the left fixing groove and the right fixing groove through the fixing bolt to form an experimental host inner cavity, the hydraulic sensors are vertically arranged on the rear wall plate and are connected with the computer through the hydraulic data transmission line, the computer can automatically identify and record hydraulic values of the hydraulic sensors at different heights, the sealing rubber is tightly attached to the upper surface, the lower surface, the left surface and the right surface of the experimental host inner cavity, water tank, feed liquor pipeline, feed liquor valve and inlet connect gradually, hydraulic controller connects just between computer and the feed liquor pipeline computer, hydraulic controller, feed liquor pipeline, feed liquor valve and inlet connect gradually, seam height control agent passes through the feed inlet and pours into the experiment host computer into, fracturing fluid passes through the inlet and pours into the experiment host computer into.
2. The slit height control agent pressure barrier effect test device according to claim 1, wherein: the two sides of the sealing rubber are tightly attached to the front wall plate and the rear wall plate, and the sealing rubber is tightly attached to the left, right, upper and lower wall surfaces of the inner cavity of the experiment host.
3. The slit height control agent pressure barrier effect test device according to claim 1, wherein: one of the plurality of hydraulic pressure sensors is arranged at the bottommost part of the rear wall plate to serve as a reference hydraulic pressure sensor, and the rest of the hydraulic pressure sensors are arranged on the upper part of the reference hydraulic pressure sensor in an encrypted mode.
4. The slit height control agent pressure barrier effect test device according to claim 1, wherein: according to the width, the height and the length of the crack to be simulated, a left fixing groove, a right fixing groove, a front wall plate, a rear wall plate and sealing rubber with matched sizes are selected.
5. The slit height control agent pressure barrier effect test device according to claim 1, wherein: the feed inlet sets up the top at the experiment host computer, the inlet sets up on the lower part lateral wall of experiment host computer.
6. A test method using the slit height control agent pressure barrier effect test apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the test method comprises the steps of:
step 1, selecting a left fixing groove, a right fixing groove, a front wall plate, a rear wall plate and sealing rubber which are matched in specification according to the size of a crack to be simulated, placing the sealing rubber, fixedly connecting the front wall plate and the rear wall plate with the left fixing groove and the right fixing groove by using fixing bolts, assembling and fixing the whole testing device, and closing a feeding valve and a liquid inlet valve;
step 2, calculating the dosage of the seam height control agent required by the experiment, and accurately configuring the seam height control agent in a water tank according to the density and viscosity of the fracturing fluid required by the experiment;
step 3, opening a feed valve, filling the calculated seam height control agent into the experiment host through a feed pipeline, opening a liquid inlet valve, injecting the prepared fracturing fluid into the experiment host through a water tank, and closing the feed valve after the injection is finished;
step 4, pressurizing the experiment host machine through a hydraulic controller, monitoring the pressure value of a hydraulic sensor positioned at the bottommost part of the rear wall plate in real time through a computer, closing the liquid inlet valve when the pressure value reaches the pressure condition required by the experiment, and closing the hydraulic controller at the same time;
step 5, after the seam height control agent and the fracturing fluid in the experiment host are sufficiently stable, recording the pressure values of the hydraulic sensors with different heights in the experiment host through a computer, quantitatively calculating the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent according to the pressure attenuation gradient, and comprehensively evaluating the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agent under the experiment condition;
and 6, replacing the left fixing groove, the right fixing groove, the front wall plate, the rear wall plate and the sealing rubber with different sizes, selecting fracturing fluids with different densities and viscosities, changing the using amount of the seam height control agent and the type of the seam height control agent, repeating the steps 1-5, and comprehensively calculating and evaluating the pressure blocking effect of the seam height control agents with different types by using experimental results.
7. The test method of claim 6, wherein: and 2, calculating the volume of the seam height control agent in the step 2 according to the lengths of the front wall plate and the rear wall plate, the distance between the two wall plates and the height of the barrier layer formed by the seam height control agent.
8. The test method of claim 6, wherein: the quantitative calculation method of the pressure inhibition effect of the slit height control agent in the step 5 is that the pressure inhibition effect of the slit height control agent is quantitatively calculated by using a pressure decay gradient, and the mathematical expression is as follows:
in the formula: Δ P is the pressure decay gradient; p0The pore pressure of the root of the slot height control agent; the top P is the pore pressure of the top of the seam height control agent; h is the height of the seam height control agent.
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