CN112065419B

CN112065419B - TBM cutter head and inclined shaft construction method

Info

Publication number: CN112065419B
Application number: CN202011066183.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘飞香; 程永亮; 彭正阳; 暨智勇; 柯威; 阳旭; 肖京
Original assignee: China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-30
Filing date: 2020-09-30
Publication date: 2022-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-30
Also published as: CN112065419A

Abstract

The invention discloses a TBM cutter head and an inclined shaft construction method. The TBM blade disc includes the cutter head body, the cutter head body includes the panel, backplate and annular curb plate, panel and backplate are by preceding to setting gradually after to in the axial, the edge of panel and the edge of backplate all are connected on the curb plate, the passageway of slagging tap before being equipped with between panel and the backplate, it is equipped with first slag inlet to run through on the panel, it is equipped with first scraper bowl to correspond on the first slag inlet, and the middle part of panel runs through the panel through-hole, first slag inlet is the passageway intercommunication panel through-hole of slagging tap before, the panel is by its panel through-hole to edge towards the ascending rear slope of axial gradually. Based on the preceding passageway of slagging tap and the setting of panel through-hole in this TBM blade disc for can utilize the middle pilot tunnel of digging out in advance in the soil body to carry out the slagging tap as the passageway of slagging tap, need not to set up in addition in the TBM and transport slag structures such as the transmission equipment of uploading dregs, greatly made things convenient for going on of operation of slagging tap.

Description

TBM cutter head and inclined shaft construction method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tunneling equipment, in particular to a TBM cutter head and an inclined shaft construction method.

Background

In the fields of coal mines, hydraulic engineering and the like, a plurality of inclined-angle tunnels need to be built, and particularly in the field of water diversion tunnel engineering of pumped storage power stations, the requirement for large-gradient inclined-shaft tunnels is increasing day by day. At present, TBM is adopted to excavate the large-gradient inclined shaft tunnel and the tunnel is excavated by adopting a main shaft method.

The positive shaft method, namely the TBM, is used for driving in an inclined way from top to bottom, but the construction method is difficult to carry out slag removal operation such as slag removal operation of a cutter head of the heading machine, and the application range of the construction method is influenced.

Therefore, how to reduce the slag tapping difficulty of the TBM in the forward tunneling method is a technical problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a TBM cutterhead which can reduce the slag tapping difficulty of the TBM in the forward shaft method tunneling. The invention also aims to provide a construction method of the inclined shaft, which has lower slag tapping difficulty.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a TBM blade disc, includes the cutter head body, the cutter head body includes panel, backplate and annular curb plate, the panel with the backplate sets gradually by preceding to back in the axial, the edge of panel with the edge of backplate all connect in on the curb plate, the panel with the passageway of slagging tap before being equipped with between the backplate, it is equipped with first slag inlet to run through on the panel, it is equipped with first scraper bowl to correspond on the first slag inlet, just the middle part of panel runs through the panel through-hole, first slag inlet warp the passageway intercommunication of slagging tap before the panel through-hole, the panel is by it panel through-hole to edge are towards the ascending rear slope of axial gradually.

Preferably, the curb plate runs through and is equipped with the second and advances the slag notch, it is equipped with the second scraper bowl to correspond on the second advances the slag notch, the second advance the slag notch with preceding slag discharging channel intercommunication.

Preferably, preceding slag discharging channel is the bar passageway, at least two preceding slag discharging channel use the panel through-hole is the center, is radial arrange in the cutter head body.

Preferably, the first slag inlet and the second slag inlet are arranged in sequence from the panel through hole to the joint of the side plate and the back plate in a linear manner to form one slag inlet group, and the front slag discharging channel is correspondingly communicated with one slag inlet group.

Preferably, a hob assembly is arranged between every two circumferentially adjacent slag inlet groups on the panel.

Preferably, the back plate is inclined gradually from the middle to the edge in the radial direction toward the rear in the axial direction, and the front surface and the rear surface of the front slag channel in the axial direction are respectively formed by a part of the front plate and a part of the back plate.

Preferably, the cutter head further comprises a supporting structure connected to the cutter head body axially at the back, a back plate through hole penetrates through the middle part of the back plate, and a back slag discharging channel communicated with the back plate through hole is arranged between the back plate and the supporting structure; the edge of backplate connect in curb plate is at the ascending middle part of axial, on the curb plate in the axial be located with the part of the connecting wire rear side of backplate runs through and is equipped with the third and advances the cinder notch, it is equipped with the third scraper bowl to correspond on the third advances the cinder notch, the third advance the cinder notch with back slag discharging channel intercommunication.

Preferably, the support structure comprises a flange structure secured to the side plates.

Preferably, the panel is a conical plate, a spherical plate or a pyramid plate.

A construction method of an inclined shaft comprises the following steps:

controlling a first TBM to obliquely dig in and out a middle pilot tunnel from bottom to top in a soil body by adopting a reverse well method, wherein the diameter of the middle pilot tunnel is smaller than that of an inclined well to be dug;

and controlling a second TBM to obliquely tunnel out from top to bottom on the soil body by adopting a positive well method, wherein a cutter head in the second TBM is the TBM cutter head, and the panel through hole is right opposite to the middle pilot tunnel.

The TBM cutter head comprises a cutter head body, wherein the cutter head body comprises a face plate, a back plate and an annular side plate, the face plate and the back plate are sequentially arranged from front to back in the axial direction, the edge of the face plate and the edge of the back plate are connected to the side plate, a front slag discharging channel is arranged between the face plate and the back plate, a first slag inlet is arranged on the face plate in a penetrating mode, a first bucket is correspondingly arranged on the first slag inlet, a through hole of the face plate penetrates through the middle of the face plate, the first slag inlet is communicated with the through hole of the face plate through the front slag discharging channel, and the face plate is gradually inclined towards the back in the axial direction from the through hole of the face plate to the edge of the face plate.

Based on the preceding passageway of slagging tap and the setting of panel through-hole in this TBM blade disc for can utilize the middle pilot tunnel of digging out in advance in the soil body to carry out the slagging tap as the passageway of slagging tap, need not to set up in addition in the TBM and transport slag structures such as the transmission equipment of uploading dregs, greatly made things convenient for going on of operation of slagging tap.

The inclined shaft construction method provided by the invention has the advantage that the slag tapping difficulty is lower.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a TBM cutterhead provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a TBM cutterhead provided by the invention during construction of an inclined shaft;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first bucket of a TBM cutter head provided by the present invention for shoveling slag;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second bucket in a TBM cutter head provided by the present invention for shoveling slag;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the flow of the muck in the cutter head of the TBM provided by the present invention.

Reference numerals:

the cutter head body 1, a panel 11, a panel through hole 111, a first slag inlet 112, a back plate 12, a back plate through hole 121, a side plate 13, a second slag inlet 131, a ring structure 133, a rear conical plate 134, a flange back plate 135, a front slag outlet channel 14, a vertical plate 15 and a support rib plate 16;

a flange structure 2;

a first bucket 31, a second bucket 32;

a hob assembly 4;

a middle pilot hole 5;

the inclined shaft has an inclined angle A and an included angle B between the panel and the horizontal plane.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The core of the invention is to provide the TBM cutter head which can reduce the slag tapping difficulty of the TBM in the forward shaft method tunneling. The other core of the invention is to provide a construction method of the inclined shaft, which has lower slag tapping difficulty.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality", and "a plurality" mean two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a specific embodiment of a TBM cutter head provided by the present invention includes a cutter head body 1, where the cutter head body 1 includes a face plate 11, a back plate 12 and an annular side plate 13, the face plate 11 and the back plate 12 are sequentially arranged from front to back in an axial direction, and an edge of the face plate 11 and an edge of the back plate 12 are both connected to the side plate 13.

A first slag inlet 112 is arranged on the panel 11 in a penetrating manner, and a first bucket 31 is correspondingly arranged on the first slag inlet 112. The middle part of panel 11 runs through panel through-hole 111, is equipped with preceding slag channel 14 between panel 11 and the backplate 12, and first slag inlet 112 is through preceding slag channel 14 intercommunication panel through-hole 111. The panel 11 is gradually inclined toward the rear in the axial direction from the panel through hole 111 to the edge thereof. The dregs scooped by the first bucket 31 can enter the front slag discharging channel 14 through the corresponding first slag inlet 112. Optionally, the panel 11 is of unitary construction with a portion of the side panel 13.

The TBM cutterhead provided by the embodiment is suitable for a construction mode of tunneling by combining a reverse well method and a forward well method. During tunneling, a first TBM is adopted to tunnel from bottom to top into and out of the middle pilot tunnel 5 by a reverse shaft method, the diameter of the middle pilot tunnel 5 is smaller than that of the inclined shaft to be machined and is positioned at the central position of the inclined shaft to be machined, then a second TBM with the TBM cutterhead of the embodiment is adopted to perform expanding excavation by a forward shaft method so as to construct the inclined shaft to be machined, wherein the cutterhead diameter of the first TBM is smaller than that of the second TBM. In the process of carrying out the main shaft method tunnelling, panel through-hole 111 is just to middle pilot tunnel 5, and the scraper bowl is back in shoveling the dregs into preceding slag channel 14, and at the pivoted in-process of cutter head, if rotate to before slag channel 14 lies in the state of panel through-hole 111 upside, dregs can paste panel 11 gliding, and in the process of gliding, panel 11 has the effect of carrying out the direction to the upper place ahead of axial to dregs for dregs can get into in middle pilot tunnel 5 smoothly through panel through-hole 111.

Based on the arrangement of the front slag discharging channel 14 and the panel through hole 111 in the TBM cutter head, the middle pilot tunnel 5 excavated in advance in the soil body can be used as a slag discharging channel to discharge slag, slag conveying structures such as transmission equipment for uploading slag soil are not required to be additionally arranged in the TBM, and the slag discharging operation is greatly facilitated.

Further, as shown in fig. 2 and 4, the side plate 13 is provided with a second slag inlet 131 in a penetrating manner, the second slag inlet 131 is correspondingly provided with a second bucket 32, and the second slag inlet 131 is communicated with the front slag outlet channel 14. The provision of the second bucket 32 enables the side plate 13 to be applied to tapping, enabling further improved tapping efficiency.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, the front slag discharging channels 14 are strip-shaped channels, and at least two front slag discharging channels 14 are radially arranged in the cutter head body 1 with the panel through hole 111 as a center, that is, each front slag discharging channel 14 is arranged by extending from the middle of the panel 11 toward the edge. The tapping efficiency can be further improved by the provision of at least two front tapping channels 14.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, a plurality of first slag inlets 112 and a plurality of second slag inlets 131 are arranged in sequence from the panel through hole 111 to the connection portion of the side plate 13 and the back plate 12 in a linear manner to form a slag inlet group. One front slag discharging channel 14 is correspondingly communicated with one slag inlet group. The utilization rate of the radial length of the facing plate 11 can be improved through the linear arrangement of the slag inlets in the slag inlet group. Preferably, each slag inlet in the slag inlet group is arranged along the radial direction in a joint mode. The number of the first slag inlet 112 and the second slag inlet 131 can be set as required, for example, 15

first slag inlets

112 and 2 second slag inlets 131 are set in one slag inlet group, 15 first slag inlets 112 are set one by one from the panel through hole 111 to the edge of the panel 11, and the adjacent first slag inlets 112 are fitted together, the edge of the first slag inlet 112 at the edge is further fitted together to set one of the second slag inlets 131, and the second slag inlet 131 is fitted together to set another second slag inlet 131.

Furthermore, as shown in fig. 1, a hob assembly 4 is arranged between two circumferentially adjacent slag inlet groups on the panel 11, rock strata on the tunnel face is crushed by the hob assembly 4, then residual slag on the tunnel face is collected by a bucket, and the residual slag rotates to a certain position above the through hole 111 of the panel along with the cutterhead and freely falls into the middle pilot hole 5 to be discharged. Hobbing cutter subassembly 4 and the crisscross setting along circumference of advancing the slag notch can improve the efficiency of slagging tap. Specifically, hobbing cutter subassembly 4 includes hobbing cutter and hobbing cutter blade holder and hobbing cutter retaining member, and the welding of hobbing cutter blade holder is downthehole at the corresponding hobbing cutter blade holder of cutter head body 1, and the hobbing cutter is installed on the hobbing cutter blade holder, and is fixed through the hobbing cutter retaining member.

Further, the back plate 12 is gradually inclined from the middle to the edge in the radial direction toward the rear in the axial direction, and the front and rear surfaces of the front tapping channel 14 in the axial direction are constituted by a part of the face plate 11 and a part of the back plate 12 in this order. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, each front slag discharging channel 14 may be enclosed by a portion of the front plate 11, a portion of the back plate 12, a portion of the side plate 13, and two opposite vertical plates 15 additionally arranged in the cutter head body 1, and front and rear ends of the vertical plates 15 are respectively connected to the front plate 11 and the back plate 12. The back plate 12 is inclined to guide the slag in the front slag channel 14 in cooperation with the front plate 11.

Further, referring to fig. 2, the TBM cutterhead further includes a support structure connected to the cutterhead 1 axially rearward. A back plate through hole 121 is arranged in the middle of the back plate 12 in a penetrating manner, and a rear slag discharging channel communicated with the back plate through hole 121 is arranged between the back plate 12 and the supporting structure. The edge of backplate 12 is connected in curb plate 13 middle part on the axial, and the part that lies in the connecting wire rear side with backplate 12 on the curb plate 13 on the axial runs through and is equipped with the third and advances the cinder notch, and the third advances the cinder notch and corresponds on the cinder notch and be equipped with the third scraper bowl, and the third advances the cinder notch and goes out the cinder passageway intercommunication after with. Through the setting of back slag discharging channel, can more directly utilize the backplate 12 of slope to carry out the direction of dregs, during the dregs under the third scraper bowl shovel got into back slag discharging channel through the third slag inlet that corresponds, when the third slag inlet rotated backplate through-hole 121 upside, dregs slided along backplate 12, slag discharging through backplate through-hole 121, panel through-hole 111.

Further, the supporting structure comprises a flange structure 2 fixedly connected to the side plate 13, so that the TBM cutterhead is connected with a main driving device and the like, and the main driving device drives the cutterhead 1 to rotate. Specifically, the side plate 13 includes a circular ring structure 133, an annular rear cone plate 134, and an annular flange back plate 135, which are sequentially butted from front to rear in the axial direction, and the flange structure 2 is butted against a middle portion of the flange back plate 135. The cutter head body 1 is of a hollow box-shaped structure, so that the cutter can be maintained and replaced conveniently while the structural strength is ensured. In addition, a support rib plate 16 can be fixed in the side plate 13 to improve the strength of the side plate 13. Specifically, the flange structure 2, the side plate 13, the support rib plate 16, and the joints of the face plate 11 and the back plate 12 may be connected by welding. The flange structure 2 and the main driving device are specifically connected through bolts, and the main driving device transmits thrust and torque required by rock breaking to the cutter head body 1 through the flange structure 2.

Further, the bucket includes a blade, a blade holder, and a blade lock. The bucket here is embodied as a first bucket 31, a second bucket 32 or a third bucket. The scraper knife blade holder is welded in the corresponding scraper knife blade holder hole in the cutter head body 1, and the scraper knife is installed on the scraper knife blade holder and is fixed through the scraper knife locking part. As shown in fig. 1, in combination with the arrangement of the slag inlet, the bucket is uniformly arranged on the conical surface of the cutter head body 1, and is distributed over the conical surface and the edge position of the whole cutter head body 1, so that the bucket can cover the whole tunnel face and the edge area, and the slag in the bucket can smoothly flow into the middle pilot tunnel 5 along the tunnel face. Wherein, the direction of spiller can combine the direction of rotation of blade disc to set up. In addition, the bucket and the hob may be welded to the cutter head body 1, or a front-loading hob may be used.

Further, the panel 11 is a conical plate to ensure the degree of adhesion with the soil body. Of course, the panel 11 may be provided in other forms as long as it is constructed in a unitary structure in which the radial middle portion protrudes toward the front side in the axial direction. For example, the panel 11 may also be a spherical panel or a pyramidal panel, wherein the shape of the pyramidal panel may be realized by a combination of a plurality of planar panels.

The TBM blade disc that this embodiment provided, cutter head body 1 wholly is conical structure, and is broken with the stratum of face through hobbing cutter subassembly 4, then collects the residual dregs of face through each scraper bowl, and along with the rotation of blade disc, the dregs in cutter head body 1 freely falls into and discharges in the middle pilot tunnel 5 of predetermineeing on the soil body, is applicable to the inclined shaft construction that the pilot tunnel expands to dig, can realize being suitable for the tunnel excavation at different inclinations.

In addition to the above TBM cutterhead, the present invention also provides a construction method for an inclined shaft, which uses a first TBM and a second TBM, where the cutterhead in the second TBM is the TBM cutterhead provided in any of the above embodiments, and the beneficial effects can be referred to the above embodiments accordingly.

Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

controlling a first TBM to obliquely dig in and out the middle pilot tunnel 5 from bottom to top on a soil body by adopting a reverse well method, wherein the diameter of the middle pilot tunnel 5 is smaller than that of the inclined well to be dug;

and then, controlling a second TBM to obliquely dig in and out the inclined shaft to be dug from top to bottom in the soil body by adopting a positive shaft method, wherein a panel through hole 111 of a TBM cutter head in the second TBM is over against the middle pilot tunnel 5. When the main shaft method is adopted for tunneling, the advancing direction of the second TBM is specifically the extending direction of the middle pilot tunnel 5. And the second TBM directly excavates the inclined shaft to be excavated, which is larger than the diameter of the middle pilot tunnel 5, and accordingly, the excavation diameter of the second TBM is adaptively selected and is specifically the same as the diameter of the inclined shaft to be excavated.

The method adopts a mode of combining a positive well method and a negative well method to carry out inclined well construction. The reverse well method, namely the TBM is tunneled from bottom to top, has the advantage of convenience in deslagging, but has greater test on a propulsion system. In the embodiment, the middle pilot tunnel 5 with a small diameter is dug only in the middle of the position, where the inclined shaft is to be dug, on the soil body by using the reverse shaft method, so that the advantage of facilitating slag discharge by using the reverse shaft method is utilized, the resistance to be overcome by the first TBM can be reduced, the requirement on the thrust of the first TBM is lowered, meanwhile, the middle pilot tunnel 5 can be provided for the later expanding and digging process of the main shaft method to serve as a slag discharge channel, after the problem of slag discharge in the construction of the main shaft method is solved, the main shaft method with high safety and low cost can be better utilized for continuing construction, the tunneling requirement of the inclined shaft tunnel with large gradient can be met, and the method can be particularly applied to the water diversion tunnel engineering of a pumped storage power station.

In the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The TBM cutterhead and the construction method of the inclined shaft provided by the invention are described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. The inclined shaft construction method is characterized in that a TBM cutter head is applied, the TBM cutter head comprises a cutter head body (1), the cutter head body (1) comprises a panel (11), a back plate (12) and an annular side plate (13), the panel (11) and the back plate (12) are sequentially arranged from front to back in the axial direction, the edge of the panel (11) and the edge of the back plate (12) are connected onto the side plate (13), a front slag discharging channel (14) is arranged between the panel (11) and the back plate (12), a first slag inlet (112) penetrates through the panel (11), a first bucket (31) is correspondingly arranged on the first slag inlet (112), a panel through hole (111) penetrates through the middle part of the panel (11), the first slag inlet (112) is communicated with the panel through hole (111) through the front slag discharging channel (14), and the panel (11) gradually inclines towards the rear in the axial direction from the panel through hole (111) to the edge;

the method comprises the following steps:

controlling a first TBM to obliquely dig in and out a middle pilot tunnel (5) from bottom to top in a soil body by adopting a reverse shaft method, wherein the diameter of the middle pilot tunnel (5) is smaller than that of the inclined shaft to be dug;

and controlling a second TBM to obliquely tunnel out from top to bottom on the soil body by adopting a positive well method to dig the inclined well, wherein a cutter head in the second TBM is the TBM cutter head, and the panel through hole (111) is right opposite to the middle pilot tunnel (5).

2. A slant well construction method according to claim 1, wherein a second slag inlet (131) is formed through the side plate (13), a second bucket (32) is correspondingly arranged on the second slag inlet (131), and the second slag inlet (131) is communicated with the front slag discharging channel (14).

3. The inclined shaft construction method according to claim 2, wherein the front slag discharging channel (14) is a strip-shaped channel, and at least two front slag discharging channels (14) are radially arranged in the cutter head body (1) by taking the panel through hole (111) as a center.

4. The inclined shaft construction method according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of the first slag inlets (112) and a plurality of the second slag inlets (131) are arranged in a linear sequence from the panel through hole (111) to the connecting part of the side plate (13) and the back plate (12) to form a slag inlet group, and one front slag discharging channel (14) is correspondingly communicated with one slag inlet group.

5. A construction method for an inclined shaft according to claim 4, wherein a hob assembly (4) is arranged on the panel (11) between two circumferentially adjacent slag inlet groups.

6. A method of constructing an inclined shaft according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the back plate (12) is gradually inclined from a radially middle portion to an edge thereof toward an axially rearward direction, and a front surface and a rear surface of the front tapping channel (14) in the axial direction are respectively constituted by a portion of the face plate (11) and a portion of the back plate (12).

7. The inclined shaft construction method according to claim 6, further comprising a support structure connected to the cutter head body (1) in the axial direction and behind, wherein a back plate through hole (121) is formed in the middle of the back plate (12) in a penetrating manner, and a rear slag discharging channel communicated with the back plate through hole (121) is formed between the back plate (12) and the support structure; the edge of backplate (12) connect in curb plate (13) is at ascending middle part of axial, curb plate (13) go up in the axial be located with the part of the connecting wire rear side of backplate (12) runs through and is equipped with the third and advances the cinder notch, the correspondence is equipped with the third scraper bowl on the third advances the cinder notch, the third advance the cinder notch with back slag discharging channel intercommunication.

8. A method of construction of a deviated well according to claim 7, characterised in that the support structure comprises a flange structure (2) fixed to a side plate (13).

9. A method of constructing an inclined shaft according to claim 5, wherein the panel (11) is a conical plate, a spherical plate or a pyramid plate.