CN112062376A - Combined flue evaporation system and method for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plant - Google Patents
Combined flue evaporation system and method for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plant Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
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- B01D53/8625—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/8628—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
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- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined flue evaporation system with zero discharge of waste water of a coal-fired power plant and a method thereof.A smoke inlet of a bypass flue evaporator is communicated on a pipeline between an SCR (selective catalytic reduction) reactor and an air preheater through a bypass flue inlet and a smoke outlet is communicated on a pipeline between the air preheater and a pure bag dust remover through a bypass flue outlet for a unit using a pure bag dust remover; the spray buffer tank is communicated with the waste water tank through a first double-fluid atomizer; for the unit of the electric bag dust collector, the same ends of a plurality of atomizing branch pipes with atomizing nozzles are respectively communicated with an atomizing main pipe in parallel, the atomizing main pipe is communicated with a waste water tank through a second double-fluid atomizer, a main flue is communicated between an air preheater and the electric bag dust collector, and the atomizing nozzles are positioned in the main flue at intervals; due to the adoption of the transformation scheme of concentration and decrement and combined flue evaporation, zero discharge of the wastewater of the whole plant is realized, the potential environmental hazard is thoroughly eliminated, the environmental benefit is obvious, the process technology is stable and reliable, and the transformation cost is economic and reasonable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wastewater treatment systems and methods for coal-fired power plants, in particular to a combined flue evaporation system and a combined flue evaporation method for zero wastewater discharge of a coal-fired power plant, or a combined flue evaporation system and a combined flue evaporation method for zero wastewater discharge of a coal-fired power plant.
Background
At present, most of coal-fired power plants in China generally do not have a complete set of waste water zero discharge treatment system, most of the waste water is discharged through the existing desulfurization waste water treatment system and is used as a coal yard, a coal conveying trestle and a transfer station for spraying consumption, the high-salt-content waste water of the coal-fired power plants mainly comprises the desulfurization waste water subjected to standard treatment and a small amount of regenerated high-salt-content waste liquid, and the high-salt-content waste water is higher in salt content and chloride ion content in the desulfurization waste water and is bound to have larger environmental protection risk when being used for spraying in the coal yard, the coal conveying trestle and the.
Taking a certain coal-fired power plant in south China as an example, the design output Q of the existing desulfurization wastewater treatment system is 25m3The adopted treatment process is the advanced treatment process of 'reaction tank + tubular microfiltration membrane' in the prior art,the operation condition of the system is good after the installation, and the actual test data COD value of the water quality of the system effluent is as follows: 32mg/L, pH: 8.32, calcium ion: 6.44mg/L, suspension ≈ 0 mg/L.
However, according to the relevant requirements of the China environmental protection department, the high-salt-content wastewater of the coal-fired power plant cannot be discharged; because of the particularity of the desulfurization wastewater, especially the high salt content and the high chloride ion content, the desulfurization wastewater is used for spraying in a coal yard, a coal conveying trestle and a transfer station for a long time, a great environmental protection risk must exist, and a large amount of chloride ions can still flow to a boiler system and can also cause adverse effects on a boiler.
Therefore, the environmental protection problem can be thoroughly solved only by researching, developing and building a high-salt-content wastewater treatment system for treatment so as to perfect the zero discharge of wastewater of the whole coal-fired power plant.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of the coal-fired power plant, which can thoroughly eliminate the hidden trouble of environmental protection, has obvious environmental benefit, stable and reliable process technology and economic and reasonable reconstruction cost.
Meanwhile, the combined flue evaporation method for zero discharge of wastewater of the coal-fired power plant is suitable for low-load operation conditions, and the process technology is stable and reliable.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of a coal-fired power plant comprises an original wastewater pretreatment unit, a wastewater concentration and reduction unit, a concentrated solution box, a combined flue evaporation and liquid supply unit, a bypass flue evaporation unit and a main flue evaporation unit; the high-salt-content wastewater is softened and filtered by the original wastewater pretreatment unit, then concentrated and reduced by the wastewater concentration and reduction unit, then uniformly concentrated to a concentrated solution box for temporary storage, and finally supplied to the bypass flue evaporation unit and the main flue evaporation unit respectively through the combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit for atomization evaporation treatment in respective modes;
for a unit adopting a pure bag-type dust collector, the combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit and the bypass flue evaporation unit comprise a bypass shutoff valve, a bypass adjusting valve, a bypass flue evaporator, an evaporator shutoff valve, a first wastewater shutoff valve, a first double-fluid atomizer and a first wastewater adjusting valve; a smoke inlet of the bypass flue evaporator is communicated with a pipeline between the SCR reactor and the air preheater through a bypass flue inlet, and a smoke outlet of the bypass flue evaporator is communicated with a pipeline between the air preheater and the pure bag-type dust collector through a bypass flue outlet; a spraying buffer box and an atomizer are arranged in the bypass flue evaporator, the spraying buffer box is communicated with a first double-fluid atomizer, the first double-fluid atomizer is communicated with a waste water tank, the spraying buffer box is positioned at the upper part of the bypass flue evaporator, and the atomizer is communicated with the bottom of the spraying buffer box; the top of the bypass flue evaporator is provided with a flue gas distributor which communicates the flue gas inlet with the bypass flue gas inlet; the first wastewater shutoff valve is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the wastewater tank and the first double-fluid atomizer, and the first wastewater regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the first double-fluid atomizer and the spray buffer tank; the bypass shutoff valve and the bypass adjusting valve are connected in series above the bypass inlet flue, the evaporator shutoff valve is arranged above the bypass outlet flue, the bottom of the bypass flue evaporator is provided with a bypass slag discharging pipeline communicated with a slag outlet of the bypass flue evaporator, and the other end of the bypass slag discharging pipeline is communicated with the fly ash main pipe;
for a unit adopting the electric bag dust collector, the combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit and the main flue evaporation unit comprise a main flue, an atomizing nozzle, an atomizing main pipe, an atomizing branch pipe, a compressed air input pipe, a second wastewater adjusting door, a second double-fluid atomizer and a second wastewater shutoff door; the second waste water shutoff door is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the waste water tank and the second double-fluid atomizer, and the second waste water regulating door is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the second double-fluid atomizer and the atomizing header pipe; the compressed air input pipe is communicated above the atomization main pipe, the same ends of the multiple atomization branch pipes are respectively communicated with the atomization main pipe in parallel, and a single atomization nozzle is communicated with the other end of each atomization branch pipe; the main flue is communicated between the air preheater and the electric bag dust collector, and the plurality of atomizing nozzles are arranged in the main flue at intervals.
Coal fired power plant waste water zero release's combined flue evaporation system, wherein: the original wastewater pretreatment unit consists of a double-alkali softening subunit and a tubular membrane filtration subunit and is used for softening and filtering the wastewater with high salt content.
Coal fired power plant waste water zero release's combined flue evaporation system, wherein: the atomizer is a rotary atomizer, and a rotatable atomizing disc is arranged in the rotary atomizer.
Coal fired power plant waste water zero release's combined flue evaporation system, wherein: and the top of the bypass flue evaporator is provided with a flue gas distributor which is communicated with the flue inlet of the bypass flue evaporator and the bypass flue inlet.
Coal fired power plant waste water zero release's combined flue evaporation system, wherein: the smoke distributor is a turbofan type smoke distributor, and a rotatable turbofan is arranged in the turbofan type smoke distributor.
Coal fired power plant waste water zero release's combined flue evaporation system, wherein: the first double-fluid atomizer is composed of two first spray water pumps connected in parallel, a first water inlet regulating valve is arranged at the input end of each first spray water pump, and a first fog outlet regulating valve is arranged at the output end of each first spray water pump.
Coal fired power plant waste water zero release's combined flue evaporation system, wherein: and a dust removal ash hopper is arranged on the bypass slag discharging pipeline at the bottom of the bypass flue evaporator and is used for collecting the dust with larger crystal particles by utilizing inertia.
Coal fired power plant waste water zero release's combined flue evaporation system, wherein: the second double-fluid atomizer is composed of two second spray water pumps connected in parallel, a second water inlet regulating valve is arranged at the input end of each second spray water pump, and a second fog outlet regulating valve is arranged at the output end of each second spray water pump.
Coal fired power plant waste water zero release's combined flue evaporation system, wherein: and gas-state water vapor generated by evaporating the high-salt-content wastewater enters the desulfurization absorption tower for recycling after being dedusted by the pure bag-type dust remover or the electric bag-type dust remover, and salt and dust solids are filtered and collected by the pure bag-type dust remover or the electric bag-type dust remover to enter the dry ash box and are finally conveyed to a standby ash warehouse.
Coal fired power plant waste water zero release's combined flue evaporation system, wherein: the combined flue evaporation system is applied to any one of the combined flue evaporation systems with zero wastewater discharge of the coal-fired power plants, and the unit adopting the pure bag dust collector is always kept in a preferential operation state during the low-load operation state of the coal-fired power plants.
The combined flue evaporation system and the combined flue evaporation method for zero discharge of wastewater of the coal-fired power plant provided by the invention adopt the technical scheme of 'concentration and decrement + bypass flue evaporation + main flue evaporation', overcome the defect that the main flue evaporation water quantity is easily influenced by the smoke temperature of each load working condition and has larger fluctuation by utilizing the bypass flue evaporation scheme, reduce the sensitivity of a unit adopting a pure bag-type dust collector to the change of the acid dew point temperature when the load changes, and simultaneously combine the main flue evaporation scheme, effectively prevent the unit adopting the bag-type dust collector from low-temperature corrosion, realize zero discharge of wastewater of the whole plant, thoroughly eliminate the hidden environmental protection trouble, have obvious environmental benefit, have stable and reliable process technology and economic and reasonable reconstruction cost, and are very suitable for the existing coal-fired power plant.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way; the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the drawings are merely schematic for aiding the understanding of the present invention, and do not specifically limit the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members of the present invention; those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the teachings of this invention, may choose from the various possible shapes and proportional sizes to implement the invention as a matter of case.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the general design route of an embodiment of the combined flue evaporation system for zero wastewater discharge of a coal-fired power plant of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bypass flue evaporation scheme used in an embodiment of the combined flue evaporation system for zero wastewater discharge in a coal-fired power plant according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a main flue evaporation scheme used in an embodiment of the combined flue evaporation system for zero wastewater discharge of a coal-fired power plant according to the present invention;
summary of the numbers in the figures: an original wastewater pretreatment unit 110, a wastewater concentration and reduction unit 120, a concentrated solution tank 130, a combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit 140, a bypass flue evaporation unit 150, a main flue evaporation unit 160, a bypass inlet flue 210, a bypass shutoff door 211, a bypass regulation door 212, a bypass flue evaporator 220, a spray buffer tank 221, an atomizer 222, a flue gas distributor 223, a bypass outlet flue 230, an evaporator shutoff door 231, a first wastewater regulation door 240, a first wastewater shutoff door 250, a first dual-fluid atomizer 260, a first spray water pump 261, a first inlet water regulation valve 262, a first outlet fog regulation valve 263, a bypass slag discharge pipeline 270, a bypass slag discharge shutoff door 271, a pure bag dust collector 280, a main flue 310, an atomizing nozzle 320, an atomizing header pipe 330, an atomizing branch pipe 331, a second wastewater regulation door 340, a second wastewater shutoff door 350, a second dual-fluid atomizer 360, a second spray water pump 361, a pure bag dust collector 280, a main flue 310, an atomizing nozzle 320, an atomizing header 330, an, The system comprises a second water inlet adjusting valve 362, a second fog outlet adjusting valve 363, a compressed air input pipe 370, a compressed air shutoff valve 371, an electric bag dust collector 380, an air inlet pump 410, an air preheater 420, a boiler 430, an SCR reactor 440 and a desulfurization absorption tower 450.
Detailed Description
The embodiments and examples of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the described embodiments are only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention.
At present, the general idea of most of coal-fired power plants for wastewater treatment is to introduce wastewater into a channel between an air preheater and a dust remover, utilize high-temperature flue gas of an SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) reactor and an air preheater (namely the air preheater) as a heat source, convey separated pollutants into a standby ash storage through an ash conveying system in the dust remover, and convey separated water vapor to a desulfurization absorption tower; the existing dust remover is divided into an electric dust remover and a pure cloth bag dust remover.
Taking a certain coal-fired power plant in the south of the background art as an example, four 330MW units in the whole plantThe total amount of discharged desulfurization waste water is about 15m3The amount of the high-salt wastewater generated by the regeneration of a boiler feed water system and a condensate fine treatment system is 1m3H, the total amount of the high-salt wastewater in the whole plant is 16m3/h。
However, the high-salt wastewater is difficult to be treated and recycled through the treatment process introduced in the background art or the conventional treatment process in the field, and a newly-built desulfurization wastewater zero-discharge system is required to treat the high-salt wastewater so as to realize the zero discharge of the wastewater of the whole plant.
On one hand, the evaporated water volume of the main flue of the unit is easily influenced by the smoke temperature of each load working condition and greatly fluctuates, so that the operation is limited by certain conditions; according to on-site research and calculation, when the designed coal type, namely Pingyan coal, is adopted for combustion, the outlet flue gas dew point temperature of the unit air preheater is about 110 ℃, and when the actual combustion coal type, namely Indonesian coal and Pingyan coal mixed coal, is adopted, the outlet flue gas dew point temperature of the unit air preheater is about 113 ℃; if the technical scheme of main flue evaporation is adopted, when the evaporation water amount is 4T/h, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced by about 4.1 ℃, and the acid dew point amplification is about 0.45 ℃; when the evaporation water amount is 1T/h, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced by about 1.0 ℃, and the acid dew point is increased by about 0.19 ℃; according to the calculation data, if only the technical scheme of main flue evaporation is adopted, concentration and reduction treatment must be carried out on the high-salt-content wastewater so as to control the maximum evaporation water content of each unit within 1T/h, and the problem of low-temperature corrosion of the unit adopting the bag dust collector can be effectively solved.
In particular, 16m for total water discharge3The design output of the zero-emission treatment system of the coal-fired power plant can be 20m in consideration of design margin3The design is carried out in the hour, and the total water discharge amount is 16m3The water quantity of the/h high-salinity wastewater after being subjected to concentration and decrement treatment by the wastewater concentration and decrement unit is controlled to be 3m3Within the per hour, the amount of extracted flue gas is reduced, the coal consumption is reduced, and the initial investment of evaporation system equipment can be reduced; the volume of the concentrated solution tank can be 200m3And (5) building.
On the other hand, in view of the fact that a low-fuel electric power market is influenced by power load peak shaving in recent years, a unit of a coal-fired power plant is often in a low-load operation condition of about 50%, the temperature of flue gas at an outlet of an air preheater of the unit can only reach about 116-124 ℃, and although the amount of flue evaporation water is greatly reduced after concentration and decrement treatment, the unit adopting a pure bag-type dust collector is sensitive to the increase of acid dew point temperature and is easy to cause a bag pasting phenomenon; therefore, the combined flue evaporation technology combining the bypass flue evaporation and the main flue evaporation is innovatively adopted in the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a block diagram of a general design route of an embodiment of a combined flue evaporation system for zero wastewater discharge of a coal-fired power plant according to the present invention, the combined flue evaporation system for zero wastewater discharge of a coal-fired power plant is composed of an original wastewater pretreatment unit 110, a wastewater concentration and reduction unit 120, a concentrated solution tank 130, a combined flue evaporation and liquid supply unit 140, a bypass flue evaporation unit 150, and a main flue evaporation unit 160, wherein the original wastewater pretreatment unit 110 is composed of a double alkali softening subunit and a tubular membrane filtration subunit; the high-salt-content wastewater (i.e. the tail end wastewater in the figure) is firstly softened and filtered by the original wastewater pretreatment unit 110, then concentrated and reduced by the wastewater concentration and reduction unit 120, and then uniformly concentrated to the concentrated liquid tank 130 for temporary storage, and finally supplied to the bypass flue evaporation unit 150 and the main flue evaporation unit 160 through the combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit 140 for atomization and evaporation treatment in respective modes, so that the zero discharge target of the wastewater of the whole plant of the coal-fired power plant is finally realized.
The technical scheme route adopted by the combined flue evaporation system for zero wastewater discharge of the coal-fired power plant is an optimal configuration scheme of the flue evaporation equipment, which is made according to the principle of reducing the initial investment of the flue evaporation equipment as much as possible on the basis of fully considering the current objective actual conditions of the existing coal-fired power plant on the premise of ensuring the safe and efficient operation of a unit.
Considering that the pure bag-type dust collector is more sensitive to low-temperature corrosion when the load of the unit changes, the bypass flue evaporation scheme can keep the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the bypass flue evaporator to be a fixed value, the influence on the total flue gas temperature is small, and the adaptability to the load change of the unit is better, therefore, the technical scheme of bypass flue evaporation can be preferentially adopted for the unit adopting the pure bag-type dust collector.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a bypass flue evaporation scheme used in an embodiment of the combined flue evaporation system for zero wastewater discharge in a coal-fired power plant according to the present invention, air is pumped into an air preheater 420 through an air intake pump 410, the pumped air is subjected to a first heating treatment by the air preheater 420, and then enters a boiler 430 of a unit (using a pure bag-type dust remover 280) to participate in combustion, a flue outlet of the boiler 430 is communicated with an SCR reactor 440, flue gas is subjected to a catalytic reduction treatment by the SCR reactor 440, and then enters the air preheater 420 again to be subjected to a second heating treatment, and then enters the pure bag-type dust remover 280 to perform filtration and dust removal, wherein the gas steam enters the desulfurization absorption tower 450 for recycling after being dedusted by the pure bag-type deduster 280, the salt and dust solids are filtered and collected by the pure bag dust collector 280 into a dry ash bin and finally transported to a spare ash silo.
For a unit adopting a pure bag-type dust collector 280, the combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit 140 and the bypass flue evaporation unit 150 comprise a bypass shutoff valve 211, a bypass adjusting valve 212, an evaporator 220, an evaporator shutoff valve 231, a first wastewater shutoff valve 250, a first dual-fluid atomizer 260 and a first wastewater adjusting valve 240;
the smoke inlet of the bypass flue evaporator 220 is communicated with a pipeline between the SCR reactor 440 and the air preheater 420 through the bypass flue 210, and is used for guiding the high-temperature smoke part from the outlet of the SCR reactor 440 to the bypass flue evaporator 220; the smoke outlet of the bypass flue evaporator 220 is communicated with a pipeline between the air preheater 420 and the pure bag-type dust collector 280 through the bypass smoke outlet 230, and is used for mixing the smoke outlet smoke output from the bypass flue evaporator 220 with the smoke subjected to the second heating treatment by the air preheater 420 and leading the mixed smoke to the pure bag-type dust collector 280; the inlet of the bypass flue 230 is communicated to the middle lower part of the bypass flue evaporator 220;
the bypass shutoff valve 211 and the bypass adjusting valve 212 are connected in series above the bypass inlet flue 210 and are used for shutting off and adjusting part of flue gas flow introduced from the outlet of the SCR reactor 440;
a spray buffer tank 221 and an atomizer 222 are arranged inside the bypass flue evaporator 220, the spray buffer tank 221 is communicated with a first dual-fluid atomizer 260, the first dual-fluid atomizer 260 is communicated with the wastewater tank 130, and the spray buffer tank 221 is used for atomizing wastewater in the wastewater tank 130 through the first dual-fluid atomizer 260 and inputting the wastewater into the spray buffer tank 221 after the uniform atomization pressure is adjusted;
a first waste water shutoff gate 250 is provided on the pipe connecting between the waste water tank 130 and the first dual fluid atomizer 260 for shutting off the waste water flowing out of the waste water tank 130; the first wastewater adjusting gate 240 is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the first dual-fluid atomizer 260 and the spray buffer tank 221 and is used for adjusting the flow rate of wastewater droplets atomized by the first dual-fluid atomizer 260; the spray buffer tank 221 is positioned at the upper part of the bypass flue evaporator 220, and the atomizer 222 is communicated with the bottom of the spray buffer tank 221 and is used for utilizing the spray buffer tank 221 to perform pressure regulation so that wastewater droplets can enter the atomizer 222 in a pressure state lower than 0.2 MPa; the atomizer 222 is preferably a rotary atomizer, in which a rotatable atomizing disk is arranged, and the continuous phase spray is converted into highly dispersed atomized droplets by using the high-speed rotating atomizing disk;
the top of the bypass flue evaporator 220 is provided with a flue gas distributor 223 communicating the flue gas inlet with the bypass flue gas inlet 210, and the flue gas distributor 223 is used for uniformly inputting part of the high-temperature flue gas led from the outlet of the SCR reactor 440 through the bypass flue gas inlet 210 into the bypass flue evaporator 220 so as to dry highly dispersed atomized liquid droplets; the flue gas distributor 223 is preferably a turbofan type flue gas distributor, a rotatable turbofan is arranged in the turbofan type flue gas distributor, and the flue gas is distributed more uniformly by the aid of the turbofan rotating at a high speed so as to improve drying efficiency of the bypass flue evaporator 220;
the evaporator shutoff door 231 is arranged above the bypass outlet flue 230 and is used for shutting off a main pipeline between the air preheater 410 and the pure bag dust collector 280 for mixing the smoke outlet of the bypass flue evaporator 220;
a bypass slag discharging pipeline 270 communicated with a slag discharging hole of the bypass flue evaporator 220 is arranged at the bottom of the bypass flue evaporator 220, and the other end of the bypass slag discharging pipeline 270 is communicated with the fly ash main pipe and used for conveying dust solids dried and separated by the bypass flue evaporator 220 to the fly ash main pipe; preferably, a bypass slag-off gate 271 is further disposed on the bypass slag-off pipeline 270 for shutting off the transportation of the dust solids;
therefore, atomized liquid drops in the bypass flue evaporator 220 are dried by high-temperature flue gas, and salt and dust solids are separated and crystallized while gaseous water vapor is formed; wherein, the gaseous water vapor is mixed into the flue gas which is secondarily heated by the air preheater 410 through the bypass outlet flue 230 and is conveyed to the pure bag-type dust remover 280 through the main pipe, and the flue gas is further filtered and dedusted by the pure bag-type dust remover 280 and then enters the desulfurization absorption tower 450 for recycling; while the salt and dust solids are transported to the fly ash main via the bypass reject duct 290 at the bottom of the bypass flue evaporator 220 and finally to the spare ash silo.
Specifically, the first double-fluid atomizer 260 is composed of two first spray water pumps 261 connected in parallel, a first water inlet regulating valve 262 is arranged at the input end of each first spray water pump 261, and a first mist outlet regulating valve 263 is arranged at the output end of each first spray water pump 261; the two first spray water pumps 261 arranged in parallel and the front and rear adjusting valves thereof can atomize the wastewater in the wastewater tank 130 more effectively and can adjust the uniform atomization pressure more efficiently.
Further, a dust removal hopper (not shown) with an inertial dust removal effect is added to the bypass slag discharge pipeline 270 at the bottom of the bypass flue evaporator 220 for collecting dust with large crystal particles and sending the dust to a boiler ash and slag system by using an independent ash conveying system, the dust removal hopper can remove dust with a particle size of more than 80um by using inertia, and the dust removal efficiency can reach more than 40% so as to ensure that the comprehensive utilization of the fly ash is not affected.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a main flue evaporation scheme used in an embodiment of the combined flue evaporation system for zero wastewater discharge in a coal-fired power plant of the present invention, air is pumped into an air preheater 420 through an air intake pump 410, the pumped air is heated by the air preheater 420 for the first time, and then enters a boiler 430 (using an electric bag dust collector 380) of a unit to participate in combustion, a flue outlet of the boiler 430 is communicated with an SCR reactor 440, flue gas is subjected to catalytic reduction treatment through the SCR reactor 440, and then enters the air preheater 420 again to be heated for the second time, and then enters the electric bag dust collector 380 to filter and remove dust, wherein gaseous water vapor enters a desulfurization absorption tower 450 to be recycled after being subjected to dust removal by the electric bag dust collector 380, and salt and dust solids are filtered and collected by the electric bag dust collector 380 to enter a dry ash box and finally are transported to a standby.
For the unit using the bag dust collector 380, the combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit 140 and the main flue evaporation unit 160 thereof comprise a main flue 310, an atomizing nozzle 320, an atomizing header 330, an atomizing branch pipe 331, a compressed air input pipe 370, a second wastewater regulating gate 340, a second double-fluid atomizer 360 and a second wastewater shutoff gate 350;
a second waste water shutoff gate 350 is provided on the pipe connecting between the waste water tank 130 and the second dual fluid atomizer 360 for shutting off waste water flowing out of the waste water tank 360; the second wastewater regulating gate 340 is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the second dual-fluid atomizer 360 and the atomizing header 330, and is used for regulating the flow of wastewater droplets atomized by the second dual-fluid atomizer 360; the compressed air input pipe 370 is communicated with the atomizing header pipe 330 and is used for inputting compressed air into the atomizing header pipe 330 so as to improve the pressure state of the wastewater droplets atomized by the first dual-fluid atomizer 330 and further increase the kinetic energy of the wastewater droplets; preferably, a compressed air shutoff door 371 is further provided on the compressed air input pipe 370 for shutting off the input of the compressed air;
the same ends of the multiple atomization branch pipes 331 are respectively communicated with the atomization main pipe 330 in parallel, and a single atomization nozzle 320 is communicated with the other end of each atomization branch pipe 331 and is used for averagely distributing the wastewater fog drops pressurized by compressed air in the atomization main pipe 330 to each atomization nozzle 320;
the main flue 310 is communicated between the air preheater 410 and the electric bag dust remover 380 and is used for introducing all high-temperature flue gas which passes through the outlet of the SCR reactor 440 and is heated by the air preheater 420 for the second time into the electric bag dust remover 380; the plurality of atomizing nozzles 320 are arranged in the main flue 310 at intervals and are used for uniformly spraying the wastewater droplets atomized by the second dual-fluid atomizer 360 into the main flue 310, so that the atomized wastewater droplets are dried by the high-temperature flue gas which passes through the outlet of the SCR reactor 440 and is heated by the air preheater 420 for the second time;
therefore, atomized liquid drops in the main flue 310 are dried by high-temperature flue gas, and salt and dust solids are separated and crystallized while gaseous water vapor is formed; wherein, the gaseous water vapor enters the desulfurization absorption tower 450 for recycling after being dedusted by the electrostatic bag dust collector 380; the salt and dust solids enter the electric bag dust collector 380 along with the flue gas, are filtered and collected into a dry ash box, and are finally conveyed to a standby ash warehouse.
Specifically, the second double-fluid atomizer 360 is also composed of two second spray water pumps 361 connected in parallel, a second water inlet regulating valve 362 is arranged at the input end of each second spray water pump 361, and a second mist outlet regulating valve 363 is arranged at the output end of each second spray water pump 361; the two second spray water pumps 361 and the front and rear adjusting valves thereof, which are arranged in parallel, can atomize the wastewater in the wastewater tank 130 more effectively and can adjust the uniform atomization pressure more efficiently.
In the practical application of the combined flue evaporation method for zero discharge of wastewater of the coal-fired power plant, in view of the fact that the bypass flue evaporation scheme effectively avoids the adverse effect of the increase of the dew point temperature of flue evaporation acid on the pure bag-type dust remover, the unit adopting the pure bag-type dust remover 280 is always kept in the state of preferential operation during the low-load operation state of the coal-fired power plant, so that more than 50% or even more of tail end high-salt-content wastewater can be preferentially distributed to the bypass flue evaporation unit 150 with relatively high evaporation temperature and relatively low corrosion risk for treatment, the evaporation water amount of the main flue of the unit adopting the bag-type dust remover 380 is further reduced, and the risk of scaling and pollution blockage of the unit adopting the bag-type dust remover 380 is further.
Aiming at the problems of possible blockage and low-temperature corrosion caused by the main flue evaporation scheme, the specific spraying mode of the main flue 310 needs to be reasonably designed, and the temperature of the flue gas at the inlet of the electric-bag dust collector 380 is kept to be more than 115 ℃ as much as possible so as to ensure the reliable operation of the electric-bag dust collector 380; before the atomizing nozzles 320 are arranged and installed, comprehensive and sufficient tests of flow velocity distribution in the flue and a plurality of simulation tests of flow field, dust deposition characteristic values, flue gas temperature change and the like must be carried out according to the coal quality of the current combustion, and only when the number and the positions of the atomizing nozzles 320 are designed and arranged reasonably, the main flue 310 and the electric bag dust collector 380 can be prevented from being influenced by blockage and low-temperature corrosion.
Therefore, the coal-fired power plant needs strict production management and strengthens operation management and control, and is particularly important for a unit adopting a main flue evaporation scheme; meanwhile, the work of reinforcing, corrosion-resistant and transforming the internal framework and the supporting piece of the main flue 310 and the like needs to be done.
Specifically, the newly added process system adopts a centralized control mode, and a DCS is used as a control center, so that unified centralized monitoring of the newly added system and the original process system is realized; the newly-added wastewater treatment system is brought into the existing wastewater treatment DCS control system, the newly-added DCS cabinet is arranged at the position of the original electronic room spare disk cabinet, an operator station and an engineer station are not additionally arranged, and only the monitoring picture of the system is added on the existing operator station to carry out centralized monitoring together with the existing wastewater treatment system; in the control room, operators can realize the starting and stopping of the system, the monitoring and control of the normal operation of the system, the automatic treatment of the abnormal operation of the system and the accident condition by means of DCS; the control system with DCS as the control center can complete the parameter control, interlock protection, sequence control, display alarm, historical trend query, event record query, printing record, analysis and calculation, etc. of the newly added process system under various operating conditions.
Still taking a certain coal-fired power plant in the south of the background art as an example, among the existing four 330MW units in the whole plant, the #2 unit which is often in an operating state is used as a pure bag dust collector 280, and the #1, #3 and #4 units which are not often operated are all used as electric bag dust collectors 380; for this purpose, the #2 set adopts a bypass flue evaporation scheme, and the design output Q of the bypass flue evaporation unit 150 is 3m3The #1, #3 and #4 units are allBy adopting the main flue evaporation scheme, the design output Q of the main flue evaporation unit 160 of each unit is 1m3H, the total design output Q of the three units is 3m3/h。
Considering that the current four units of the coal-fired power plant basically run for more than twenty years, wherein the operation of the #1 unit is more than twenty-five years to date, and meanwhile, the local government has the factors of urban planning, environmental protection and the like, and for various objective practical conditions such as continuous compression of the existing land space of the coal-fired power plant, possibility of remote construction of a power plant and the like, the combined flue evaporation coal-fired power plant wastewater zero emission system of the invention should preferably consider the transformation scheme with the most economical initial equipment investment and the best comprehensive technical and economic indexes, namely the technical scheme of 'concentration and decrement plus combined flue evaporation'.
After the four 330MW units of a coal-fired power plant in the south are put into operation in the zero-emission wastewater modification and upgrading project, the total annual operation cost is expected to be increased by 317.51 ten thousand yuan (without depreciation cost); wherein the annual chemical charge is increased by 200.92 ten thousand yuan, the annual power consumption is increased by 58 ten thousand yuan, the annual power charge is increased by 18.59 ten thousand yuan, the annual coal consumption is increased by 569 tons, and the annual coal consumption is increased by 52 ten thousand yuan.
This waste water zero release transformation upgrading engineering has not only guaranteed #1, #3, #4 unit concentrated waste water evaporates completely, in all waste water treatment processes, all do not produce new pollutant, realized the whole retrieval and utilization of moisture in the desulfurization waste water, still guaranteed that homoenergetic satisfies waste water treatment capacity when minimum TDS and maximum TDS, good elasticity operating space has, adaptable wide range's waste water yield is undulant and the quality of water is undulant, and after the evaporation absorbs the flue gas heat, the flue gas temperature is still higher than the sour dew point temperature of flue gas this moment, can not cause the flue, the corruption and the scale deposit of dust remover, do not influence the normal operating of various equipment.
The wastewater zero-discharge reconstruction upgrading project also innovatively adopts a double-fluid spray gun and the total drift diameter of wastewater
Namely, it is
Drift diameter, total area of the drift diameter is 265.07mm2Equivalent waste water path
The atomized particle size is less than or equal to 55 mu m, and all particle sizes conform to the normal distribution particle size distribution range of 45-55 mu m; the double-fluid spray gun has a self-cleaning function, the spray nozzle is made of tool ceramic materials, the hardness is ultrahigh (more than or equal to 1500HV), and the service life is overlong (more than or equal to 30000 h); and the double-fluid spray gun adopts a mode of being connected with the flange, can realize the on-line maintenance without stopping, and is more convenient to maintain.
The waste water treatment system engineering is the social responsibility of the coal-fired power plant according to the requirements of the national environmental protection policy, after the waste water treatment system is invested, constructed and operated, no waste water is discharged outside, no external environment is polluted, the environmental benefit is obvious, the process technology is stable and reliable, and the reconstruction cost is economic and reasonable; after the implementation, no wastewater is discharged from the whole plant, the requirement of zero-discharge transformation of four units of wastewater is met, zero-discharge of wastewater from the whole plant is realized, and the potential environmental hazard is thoroughly eliminated.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred examples of the present invention, and not restrictive, but rather, all the changes, substitutions, alterations and modifications that come within the spirit and scope of the invention as described above may be made by those skilled in the art, and all the changes, substitutions, alterations and modifications that fall within the scope of the appended claims should be construed as being included in the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of a coal-fired power plant is characterized by comprising an original wastewater pretreatment unit, a wastewater concentration and reduction unit, a concentrated solution box, a combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit, a bypass flue evaporation unit and a main flue evaporation unit; the high-salt-content wastewater is softened and filtered by the original wastewater pretreatment unit, then concentrated and reduced by the wastewater concentration and reduction unit, then uniformly concentrated to a concentrated solution box for temporary storage, and finally supplied to the bypass flue evaporation unit and the main flue evaporation unit respectively through the combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit for atomization evaporation treatment in respective modes;
for a unit adopting a pure bag-type dust collector, the combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit and the bypass flue evaporation unit comprise a bypass shutoff valve, a bypass adjusting valve, a bypass flue evaporator, an evaporator shutoff valve, a first wastewater shutoff valve, a first double-fluid atomizer and a first wastewater adjusting valve; a smoke inlet of the bypass flue evaporator is communicated with a pipeline between the SCR reactor and the air preheater through a bypass flue inlet, and a smoke outlet of the bypass flue evaporator is communicated with a pipeline between the air preheater and the pure bag-type dust collector through a bypass flue outlet; a spraying buffer box and an atomizer are arranged in the bypass flue evaporator, the spraying buffer box is communicated with a first double-fluid atomizer, the first double-fluid atomizer is communicated with a waste water tank, the spraying buffer box is positioned at the upper part of the bypass flue evaporator, and the atomizer is communicated with the bottom of the spraying buffer box; the top of the bypass flue evaporator is provided with a flue gas distributor which communicates the flue gas inlet with the bypass flue gas inlet; the first wastewater shutoff valve is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the wastewater tank and the first double-fluid atomizer, and the first wastewater regulating valve is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the first double-fluid atomizer and the spray buffer tank; the bypass shutoff valve and the bypass adjusting valve are connected in series above the bypass inlet flue, the evaporator shutoff valve is arranged above the bypass outlet flue, the bottom of the bypass flue evaporator is provided with a bypass slag discharging pipeline communicated with a slag outlet of the bypass flue evaporator, and the other end of the bypass slag discharging pipeline is communicated with the fly ash main pipe;
for a unit adopting the electric bag dust collector, the combined flue evaporation liquid supply unit and the main flue evaporation unit comprise a main flue, an atomizing nozzle, an atomizing main pipe, an atomizing branch pipe, a compressed air input pipe, a second wastewater adjusting door, a second double-fluid atomizer and a second wastewater shutoff door; the second waste water shutoff door is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the waste water tank and the second double-fluid atomizer, and the second waste water regulating door is arranged on a pipeline communicated between the second double-fluid atomizer and the atomizing header pipe; the compressed air input pipe is communicated above the atomization main pipe, the same ends of the multiple atomization branch pipes are respectively communicated with the atomization main pipe in parallel, and a single atomization nozzle is communicated with the other end of each atomization branch pipe; the main flue is communicated between the air preheater and the electric bag dust collector, and the plurality of atomizing nozzles are arranged in the main flue at intervals.
2. The combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plant of claim 1, characterized in that: the original wastewater pretreatment unit consists of a double-alkali softening subunit and a tubular membrane filtration subunit and is used for softening and filtering the wastewater with high salt content.
3. The combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plant of claim 1, characterized in that: the atomizer is a rotary atomizer, and a rotatable atomizing disc is arranged in the rotary atomizer.
4. The combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plant of claim 1, characterized in that: and the top of the bypass flue evaporator is provided with a flue gas distributor which is communicated with the flue inlet of the bypass flue evaporator and the bypass flue inlet.
5. The combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plant according to claim 4, characterized in that: the smoke distributor is a turbofan type smoke distributor, and a rotatable turbofan is arranged in the turbofan type smoke distributor.
6. The combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plant of claim 1, characterized in that: the first double-fluid atomizer is composed of two first spray water pumps connected in parallel, a first water inlet regulating valve is arranged at the input end of each first spray water pump, and a first fog outlet regulating valve is arranged at the output end of each first spray water pump.
7. The combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plant of claim 1, characterized in that: and a dust removal ash hopper is arranged on the bypass slag discharging pipeline at the bottom of the bypass flue evaporator and is used for collecting the dust with larger crystal particles by utilizing inertia.
8. The combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plant of claim 1, characterized in that: the second double-fluid atomizer is composed of two second spray water pumps connected in parallel, a second water inlet regulating valve is arranged at the input end of each second spray water pump, and a second fog outlet regulating valve is arranged at the output end of each second spray water pump.
9. The combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plant of claim 1, characterized in that: and gas-state water vapor generated by evaporating the high-salt-content wastewater enters the desulfurization absorption tower for recycling after being dedusted by the pure bag-type dust remover or the electric bag-type dust remover, and salt and dust solids are filtered and collected by the pure bag-type dust remover or the electric bag-type dust remover to enter the dry ash box and are finally conveyed to a standby ash warehouse.
10. The combined flue evaporation method for zero discharge of wastewater of coal-fired power plants as defined in claim 1, characterized in that: the combined flue evaporation system for zero discharge of wastewater of a coal-fired power plant as defined in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a unit using a pure bag-type dust collector is always kept in a state of preferential operation during a low-load operation state of the coal-fired power plant.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113830855A (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-12-24 | 华能沁北发电有限责任公司 | Terminal curing system |
| CN113830855B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-09-15 | 华能沁北发电有限责任公司 | Terminal solidification system |
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