CN112062126A - Method for preparing biochar from mango peel waste and application - Google Patents
Method for preparing biochar from mango peel waste and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN112062126A CN112062126A CN202010980008.4A CN202010980008A CN112062126A CN 112062126 A CN112062126 A CN 112062126A CN 202010980008 A CN202010980008 A CN 202010980008A CN 112062126 A CN112062126 A CN 112062126A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/318—Preparation characterised by the starting materials
- C01B32/324—Preparation characterised by the starting materials from waste materials, e.g. tyres or spent sulfite pulp liquor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/342—Preparation characterised by non-gaseous activating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
- B01J2220/4825—Polysaccharides or cellulose materials, e.g. starch, chitin, sawdust, wood, straw, cotton
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- B01J2220/4887—Residues, wastes, e.g. garbage, municipal or industrial sludges, compost, animal manure; fly-ashes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing biochar by using mango peel waste and application, belonging to the field of comprehensive utilization of waste and comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of taking waste mango peel generated in the mango processing process as a raw material, and obtaining the mango peel waste biochar through cleaning, drying, crushing, high-temperature pyrolysis carbonization, cleaning, drying and grinding. In addition, the invention also comprises the application of the biochar prepared by the method in adsorbing heavy metal Cd in wastewater. The preparation method is simple, the equipment is safe and easy to operate, the carbonization rate of the biochar is high, and the adsorption effect on heavy metal Cd in the wastewater is good. And the cost of raw materials is low, the product has no secondary pollution, the mango peel waste is recycled, the pollution to the environment is reduced, the additional value of the mango peel waste is improved, and the mango peel waste can be applied to the field of heavy metal pollution remediation in wastewater.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of environmental material preparation technology and comprehensive utilization of wastes, and particularly relates to a method for preparing mango peel waste biochar by utilizing a high-temperature pyrolysis method of the mango peel waste, which is applied to removal of heavy metal Cd in wastewater.
Background
Biochar refers to a carbon-rich material obtained by pyrolysis of biomass under anaerobic or anoxic conditions. The biochar can be prepared from industrial and agricultural wastes, is applied to the aspects of soil improvement, carbon sequestration, environmental remediation and the like, is considered to be a sustainable environment-friendly material, and has excellent application prospects. The biochar has a developed pore structure, higher surface energy and rich functional groups, has good adsorption capacity, can adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants, and has received wide attention in the aspect of adsorbing pollutants.
Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal pollutant, has high toxicity to life, is listed as one of the most dangerous 20 kinds of toxins in the world, can enter human body through food chains to damage human organs such as liver, kidney and the like, and has strong carcinogenic effect. Cadmium is widely applied to electroplating, chemical industry and nuclear industry, and the discharge amount of cadmium is increasing, so that the cadmium pollution is serious at present. In the existing methods for treating Cd in wastewater, adsorption methods are applied more frequently, biochar attracts a lot of attention by virtue of characteristics of biochar, and more researchers put the attention to biochar adsorption treatment of heavy metals.
Mango is the second largest tropical fruit, with annual production of about 5060 ten thousand tons. The mango peel accounts for 7-24% of the total weight of the mango, a large amount of mango peel waste is generated every year in the processes of processing, transporting, storing and the like of the mango, and if the mango peel waste cannot be reasonably processed, serious environmental pollution is caused, and resource waste is caused. The biochar prepared from the mango peel waste can realize resource utilization of the waste and reduce pollution of the waste, can be applied to pollution remediation, and provides an environment-friendly and cheap pollutant treatment environment-friendly material. However, the biochar prepared by the conventional pyrolysis method has obvious performance difference and insufficient specific surface area and surface functional groups due to different raw materials, so that the application of the biochar in pollutant adsorption is limited, and the preparation method needs to be optimized for different raw materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of mango peel waste biochar and application of the biochar in removing Cd-containing wastewater. The preparation method is simple, the equipment is safe and easy to operate, the carbonization rate of the biochar is high, and the adsorption effect on heavy metal Cd in the wastewater is good. And the cost of raw materials is low, the product has no secondary pollution, the mango peel waste is recycled, the pollution to the environment is reduced, the additional value of the mango peel waste is improved, and the mango peel waste can be applied to the field of heavy metal pollution remediation in wastewater.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of mango peel waste biochar, which comprises the following steps:
pretreating mango peel waste: removing the residual pulp of the mango peel waste, cleaning the mango peel waste with tap water, drying the mango peel waste to constant weight, crushing the mango peel waste, and sieving the mango peel waste with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mango peel waste powder;
activating mango peel waste: adding mango peel waste powder into baked cake, and adding H2O2Fully stirring the solution, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, washing the filter residue with distilled water until the pH value is neutral, drying to constant weight, and grinding to obtain activated mango peel waste powder;
high-temperature pyrolysis and carbonization: placing activated mango waste powder in a tubular furnace, starting nitrogen atmosphere, raising the temperature to a carbonization temperature at a constant speed, starting carbonization, cooling to room temperature in the tubular furnace after 2 hours of carbonization, taking out, washing to be neutral by using distilled water, drying to constant weight after filtering, grinding and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the mango peel waste biochar.
Further, the drying temperature of the mango peel waste is 65-75 ℃, and the drying time is 8-12 h.
Further, said H2O2The concentration of the solution is 10 percent;
further, the mango peel waste powder and H2O2The mass-to-volume ratio of (A) is 20g/250 mL;
further, the specific method of carbonization is as follows: putting the mango peel waste into a quartz boat, putting the boat into a tube furnace, adjusting the temperature to 500 ℃, and carbonizing for 2 hours at the temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min.
Further, the ultrasonic time is 1 h.
The invention also provides a mango peel waste biochar prepared by the method.
The invention also provides an application of the mango peel waste biochar in removing Cd in Cd-containing wastewater.
The invention also provides a method for restoring the Cd-containing wastewater, which comprises the following steps:
adjusting the concentration of Cd ions in the water body to 10-300mg/L, adjusting the pH value of the water body to 6, adding the mango peel waste biochar into a water solution containing Cd, oscillating in a constant temperature shaking table for 0.08-48h, and filtering after oscillation is finished.
Further, the adding amount of the mango peel waste biochar is as follows: 1-20 g/L.
Further, the oscillation time is 6h, the temperature during oscillation is 30 ℃, and the oscillation speed is 180 r/min.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the biochar prepared by the conventional pyrolysis method has obvious performance difference and poor heavy metal adsorption effect due to different raw materials, adopts waste mango peel as the raw material and passes through H2O2The surface functional groups of the biochar pyrolyzed after impregnation and activation are richer, the adsorption effect is obviously improved, and the adsorption capacity is higher than that of the biochar which is common organic waste in the market. Moreover, the preparation of the biochar by taking the mango peel waste as the raw material has not been reported.
The invention utilizes the mango peel waste to prepare the biochar, and not only provides the mango peel wasteThe resource utilization mode is favorable for reducing the pollution generated by agricultural wastes, and H is used2O2And (3) activating, compared with the biochar prepared by a conventional pyrolysis method, the number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of the biochar is increased, the adsorption capacity of the biochar to Cd is improved, the removal of heavy metal pollutants in wastewater is facilitated, and the resource utilization of agricultural wastes can be realized.
The prepared mango peel waste biochar has high carbonization rate and no secondary pollution, and is easy to carry out solid-liquid separation with the treated wastewater. The raw materials are wide and cheap, the activation method is simple, the yield is high, and a clean and cheap method is provided for removing the heavy metal polluted water body.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of the biochar described in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a Fourier infrared spectrum of the biochar described in example 1;
FIG. 3 shows the adsorption amount of Cd by the biochar described in example 2;
FIG. 4 shows the adsorption amount of Cd by the biochar described in example 3;
FIG. 5 shows the adsorption amount of Cd by the biochar described in example 4;
FIG. 6 shows the adsorption amount of Cd by the biochar described in example 5;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
The technical solutions and steps in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention:
example 1
Washing the mango peel waste with tap water, drying for 12h at 65-75 ℃, crushing and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain mango peel waste powder. 50g of mango peel powder was placed in a 1000mL beaker, 625 mL of 10% H was added2O2Filtering the solution after ultrasonic treatment for 1h, washing the solution with distilled water until the pH value is neutral, drying filter residues, and grinding the filter residues through a 50-mesh sieve. Discarding the obtained mango peelThe powder is placed in a tube furnace, nitrogen atmosphere is started, and then the temperature is raised to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 10 ℃/min for carbonization for 2 h. And after carbonization is finished, cooling in the tubular furnace, taking out, cleaning to be neutral by using distilled water, filtering, drying, grinding and sieving by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the mango peel waste biochar. The SEM image of the prepared biochar is shown in figure 1, the Fourier infrared spectrum is shown in figure 2, and the SEM image of the biochar shows that the unactivated biochar has fewer surface pores, small pore diameter and unobvious structural characteristics; the surface of the activated charcoal has obvious honeycomb pore structure. The Fourier infrared spectrum is 3200--1、2500-3000cm-1、1600-1650cm-1、1300-1540cm-1、1100cm-1、 800-900cm-1In the presence of-OH, -CH2Absorption peaks of functional groups such as-COOH, C-O, C-O, C-H and the like show that the mango peel charcoal has rich functional groups on the surface, and is beneficial to adsorption of Cd.
Example 2
In order to optimize an experimental scheme and explore the influence of the adding amount of the biochar of the mango peel waste on the Cd removal effect, the biochar prepared in the embodiment 1 is applied to the removal of Cd in Cd-containing wastewater, and the specific implementation steps are as follows: taking 0.005 g, 0.01g, 0.05 g and 0.1g of biochar in each example above into a 10mL polyethylene centrifuge tube, then adding 5mL of cadmium solution with the Cd concentration of 100mg/L into the centrifuge tube, sealing the cover, placing the centrifuge tube in a constant temperature oscillation box, oscillating for 6h at 150r/min at 30 ℃, filtering, and measuring the Cd concentration by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
The influence of the adding amount of the mango peel waste biochar on the adsorption performance of the biochar is as shown in fig. 3, the adsorbing amount of the biochar to Cd is reduced along with the increase of the adding amount of the biochar, because under the low adding amount, the active sites of the biochar are occupied by Cd, and after the adding amount is increased, the Cd cannot completely occupy the active sites, so that the adsorption amount is reduced. In order to achieve a better adsorption effect and not cause the waste of biochar, the invention adopts a solid-liquid ratio of 2g/L as a preferred implementation mode for removing Cd in water.
Example 3
In order to optimize an experimental scheme and explore the influence of adsorption time on the effect of removing Cd in water by using biochar, the biochar prepared in the embodiment 1 is applied to the removal of Cd in Cd-containing wastewater, and the specific implementation steps are as follows: 0.01 of biochar in example 1 is taken out of a 10mL polyethylene centrifuge tube, then 5mL of 100mg/L Cd solution is added into the centrifuge tube, the centrifuge tube is covered, the centrifuge tube is placed in a constant temperature shaking box to be shaken at 150r/min for 0.08, 0.167, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours at 30 ℃, then the mixture is filtered, and the Cd concentration is measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
The influence of the adsorption time on the adsorption performance of the biochar is shown in fig. 4, the longer the adsorption time of the biochar is, the larger the adsorption capacity is, the equilibrium is reached in 6h of adsorption, and in order to save the use amount, the adsorption time of 6h is adopted as a preferred implementation mode for removing Cd in the wastewater containing Cd.
Example 4
In order to optimize an implementation scheme and explore the influence of different Cd concentrations on the Cd adsorption effect of the mango peel waste biochar, the biochar prepared in the example 1 is used for removing Cd in water, and the specific implementation steps are as follows: 0.01g of the biochar prepared in example 1 is taken and added into a 10mL polyethylene centrifuge tube, then 5mL of cadmium solution is added into the centrifuge tube, the initial concentration is respectively 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 150, 200 and 300mg/L, the centrifuge tube is covered, the centrifuge tube is placed in a constant temperature oscillation box at 30 ℃, after oscillation is carried out for 6h at 150r/min, filtration is carried out, and the Cd concentration is measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
The influence of the concentration of Cd on the adsorption performance of the biochar is shown in FIG. 5, the adsorption capacity of the biochar on Cd rapidly rises with the increase of the concentration of Cd, and the trend becomes slow at 100mg/L, so that the concentration of Cd of 100mg/L is selected as a preferred embodiment for removing Cd in Cd-containing wastewater.
Example 5
In order to optimize an implementation scheme and explore the influence of different pH values on the Cd adsorption effect of the mango peel waste biochar, the biochar prepared in the example 1 is used for removing Cd in water, and the specific implementation steps are as follows: 0.01g of the biochar prepared in example 1 is taken and added into a 10mL polyethylene centrifuge tube, then 5mL of 100mg/L cadmium solution is added into the centrifuge tube, the pH of the solution is adjusted to be 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, the centrifuge tube is covered, the centrifuge tube is placed in a constant temperature oscillation box to be oscillated at 30 ℃ for 6 hours at a speed of 150r/min, and then the mixture is filtered, and the Cd concentration is measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
As shown in FIG. 6, the adsorption performance of biochar is affected by different pH values, the adsorption capacity of the biochar to Cd rapidly rises with the increase of the concentration of Cd, and the trend becomes slow at 100mg/L, so that the pH value of 6 is selected as a preferred embodiment for removing Cd in the wastewater containing Cd.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing biochar by using mango peel waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
removing the residual pulp of the mango peel waste, cleaning with clear water, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain mango peel waste powder;
putting the mango peel waste powder into a beaker, and adding H2O2Fully stirring the solution, performing ultrasonic treatment, filtering, washing with distilled water until the pH value is neutral, drying to constant weight, grinding and sieving to obtain activated mango peel waste powder;
placing activated mango peel waste powder in a tubular furnace, starting nitrogen atmosphere, raising the temperature to a carbonization temperature at a constant speed, starting carbonization, cooling the inside of the tubular furnace to room temperature after carbonization is finished, and taking out the carbonized mango peel waste powder;
washing the cooled product with distilled water to be neutral, filtering, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain the mango peel waste biochar.
2. The method for preparing biochar by using the mango peel waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drying temperature of the mango peel waste is 65-75 ℃ and the drying time is 8-12 h.
3. The method for preparing biochar by using mango peel waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the H is2O2The concentration of the solution was 10%.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the mango peel waste powder is mixed with H to produce biochar2O2The mass-to-volume ratio of the solution was 20g/250 mL.
5. The method for preparing biochar by using mango peel waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method of carbonization is as follows: putting the mango peel waste into a quartz boat, putting the boat into a tube furnace, adjusting the temperature to 500 ℃, and carbonizing for 2 hours at the temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min.
6. A mango peel waste biochar is characterized by being prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-5.
7. The application of the mango peel waste biochar of claim 6 in adsorbing heavy metal Cd in wastewater.
8. A method for restoring wastewater containing Cd is characterized in that the concentration of Cd ions in a water body is adjusted to be 10-300mg/L, the pH of the water body is adjusted to be 6, the mango peel waste biochar of claim 6 is added into the wastewater containing Cd, the wastewater is oscillated in a constant temperature shaking table for 0.08-48h, and the wastewater is filtered after the oscillation is finished.
9. The method for remediating Cd-containing wastewater as claimed in claim 8, wherein the addition amount of the mango peel waste biochar is 1-20 g/L.
10. The method for remediating Cd-containing wastewater as claimed in claim 8, wherein the oscillation time is 6h, the temperature is 30 ℃, and the oscillation speed is 180 r/min.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113086981A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-09 | 石嘴山市鹏盛化工有限公司 | Modified coconut shell activated carbon and application thereof in preparation of pharmaceutical-grade guanidine hydrochloride |
| CN113099763A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Method for reducing cadmium and improving soil nitrogen efficiency of rice |
| CN115304050A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-08 | 云南师范大学 | Preparation method of citrus peel biochar and application of citrus peel biochar in wastewater treatment |
-
2020
- 2020-09-17 CN CN202010980008.4A patent/CN112062126A/en active Pending
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| 柏松 等: "氯化锌活化芒果皮制备活性炭及其吸附性能", 《江苏农业科学》 * |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113099763A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-07-13 | 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园 | Method for reducing cadmium and improving soil nitrogen efficiency of rice |
| CN113086981A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-07-09 | 石嘴山市鹏盛化工有限公司 | Modified coconut shell activated carbon and application thereof in preparation of pharmaceutical-grade guanidine hydrochloride |
| CN113086981B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-07-12 | 石嘴山市鹏盛化工有限公司 | Modified coconut shell activated carbon and application thereof in preparation of pharmaceutical-grade guanidine hydrochloride |
| CN115304050A (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2022-11-08 | 云南师范大学 | Preparation method of citrus peel biochar and application of citrus peel biochar in wastewater treatment |
| CN115304050B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-01-23 | 云南师范大学 | Preparation method of citrus peel biochar and application of citrus peel biochar in aspect of wastewater treatment |
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