CN112060719A - 电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品及制造方法 - Google Patents
电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品及制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品及制造方法，掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡层的各个表面均有高硅氧玻璃纤维布层包覆连接，所述包覆开口处通过高硅氧线连接缝合连或粘结连接；制造方法包括模切掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡，并在其各表面均包覆高硅氧玻璃纤维布；包覆封装处用高硅氧线缝合或粘结连接。通过上述方式，本发明保持了二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品极低的导热系数，解决了二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品掉粉污染问题，掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡的耐温超过800℃，阻挡了电池包的个别起火爆炸事故扩大，赢得逃生及处理起火事故的时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品及制造方法 。
背景技术
当电动汽车锂离子动力蓄电池包内电芯原件内部电路短路时，电芯内短路能量起火爆炸的高温将达到800℃以上的高温，为降低防治电池包的个别起火爆炸事故扩大和赢得逃生及处理起火事故的时间，需要高效保温材料阻挡事故的扩大，该材料要求耐温超过800℃，用于我国远程战略导弹的热电池保温套筒，使陆基机动导弹热电池的使用寿命有15分钟左右延长到1小时左右。目前我国正在研制可往返工作的载人航天飞机。航天飞机在穿越大气层的过程中将由于摩擦使整个机体外壳产生大量的热量，如不采取有效措施将使整个机体烧毁，对轻质高效保温材料的需求非常迫切。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够实现的耐温超过800℃电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品及制造方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品，包括：高硅氧玻璃纤维布层和掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡层，所述掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡层的各个表面均有高硅氧玻璃纤维布层包覆连接，所述包覆开口处通过高硅氧线缝合连接或粘结连接。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，该制品设置于各电池芯之间、各电池模组之间或设于各电池芯之间和各电池模组之间。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，该制品为隔离层，设于电池仓和其他空间仓之间。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，高硅氧玻璃纤维布层的厚度为0.1-1.5mm。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的另一个技术方案是：提供一种电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
1）准备高硅氧玻璃纤维布和掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡；
2）模切掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡，并在其各表面均包覆高硅氧玻璃纤维布；
3）包覆封装处用高硅氧线缝合或粘结。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡的在溶胶水解工序中加入适当含量的无机氧化物，将纤维强化或纤维毡用含有无机氧化物溶胶浸泡，经溶剂置换陈化成湿凝胶纤维毡，含有无机氧化物的湿凝胶毡经超临界或常压法或冷冻干燥后即制得掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，无机氧化物包括二氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化锂、五氧化二钒、五氧化二钽、三氧化二铬、三氧化二铁、氧化铜。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，高硅氧玻璃纤维布是一种耐高温无机纤维，其二氧化硅SiO2含量高于96%。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，高硅氧玻璃纤维布厚度为0.1-1.5mm，包括平纹和缎纹两种组织纹理。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，采用该制造方法制造的制品的应用环境温度范围为-70℃~900℃。
本发明的有益效果是：电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品的保持了二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品极低的导热系数，解决了二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品掉粉污染问题，掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡的耐温超过800℃，阻挡了电池包的个别起火爆炸事故扩大，赢得逃生及处理起火事故的时间。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图，其中：
图1是本发明电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品一较佳实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，本发明实施例包括：
一种电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品 ，包括：高硅氧玻璃纤维布层2和掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡层1，所述掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡层1的各个表面均有高硅氧玻璃纤维布层2包覆连接，所述包覆开口处通过高硅氧线缝合连接或粘结连接。
其中，高硅氧玻璃纤维布是一种耐高温无机纤维，其二氧化硅(SiO2)含量高于96%，软化点接近1700℃，可在1100℃下长期使用，能在1450℃条件下工作10分钟，在1700℃条件下工作15秒仍保持完好状态。由于具有化学性能稳定、耐酸碱、耐高温、耐烧蚀等特点；相对于陶瓷纤维布具有更小的烧蚀率和热缩率（接近1%），且对人体无味无刺激，外观美观手感好的优点。产品广泛应用于航空航天、冶金、化工、建材、消防等工业领域。
用高硅氧玻璃纤维制成的高硅氧玻璃纤维布具有强度高，易加工，用途广的特点，用作耐高温、耐烧蚀、隔热、保温材料。其厚度为0.1-1.5mm，有平纹和缎纹两种组织，并可根据用户的要求进行包覆涂覆处理。
高硅氧缝纫线性能特点包括：
（1）软化点接近1700℃，可长期在900℃环境下使用，瞬间可以耐数千度的气流部刷。
（2）在有机和无机酸中（氢氟酸、磷酸和盐酸除外）甚至在高温下，以及弱碱中保持良好的性能稳定。
（3）对热冲击和超高辐射有较高的稳定性，在高温和高湿条件绝缘性能优良，与高温胶具有良好的黏结性能。
（4）耐湿耐日光辐射并且抗震，可用于各种密封材料，制品结构牢固，在许多高温条件下保持柔软性。
(5) 结构及性能稳定，对人体没有危害，可代替陶瓷纤维和石棉纤维（高温下发生晶相转变）。
（6）防火温度高，在汽油中燃烧不氧化、不变色，强度高，不会造成二次污染。
（7）具有良好的耐磨性与绝缘性能，大多数情况下价格具有竞争优势。
该制品设置于各电池芯之间、各电池模组之间或设于各电池芯之间和各电池模组之间，能够缓冲减振降低电芯的冲击振动的疲劳损伤和内部元件或线路松动的短路发生的概率。
电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品出色的防火性能（A级防火、无烟、不燃），当一组电池短路起火时可隔断其他模组电池与火源的接触，将损失降到更小；其次在冬季，电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品 能够缓冲减振降低电芯的冲击振动的疲劳损伤和内部元件或线路松动的短路发生的概率。
该制品为隔离层，设于电池仓和其他空间仓之间。当汽车部件发生燃烧事故时气凝胶毡可以阻止火势蔓延，为乘车人员争取更多的逃生时间。
本发明的电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品很好的满足了电动汽车锂离子动力蓄电池国家标准规定的缓冲减振、阻燃、高温隔热保温、强度好能折弯等综合性能指标要求。
本发明还包括一种电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
1）准备高硅氧玻璃纤维布和掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡；
2）模切掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡，并在其各表面均包覆高硅氧玻璃纤维布；
3）包覆封装处用高硅氧线缝合或粘结。
掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡的在溶胶水解工序中加入适当含量的无机氧化物，将纤维强化或纤维毡用含有无机氧化物溶胶浸泡，经溶剂置换陈化成湿凝胶纤维毡，含有无机氧化物的湿凝胶毡经超临界或常压法或冷冻干燥后即制得掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡。具有导热系数低、密度小、柔韧性好、高抗压、疏水、防火等优越性能，同时兼具优越的隔声减震性能，可取代玻璃纤维制品、石棉保温毡、硅酸盐纤维制品等传统保温材料。
无机氧化物包括二氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化锂、五氧化二钒、五氧化二钽、三氧化二铬、三氧化二铁、氧化铜。
本发明的封装技术也可用来直接封装其他无机氧化物气凝胶：氧化物气凝胶材料，如二氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化锂、五氧化二钒、五氧化二钽、三氧化二铬、三氧化二铁、氧化铜等气凝胶。
电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品的导热系数保持了二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品极低的导热系数，解决了二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品掉粉问题，并且达到了新能源汽车要求的UL94的V0级不燃的性能指标，符合欧盟ROHS要求及美国FDA检测，不燃无毒、稳定性好、耐高温、不析碳，具有优异的耐候性、耐潮湿性、电绝缘性。具体数值如下表所示：
由此可见，采用该制造方法制造的制品在400℃时的导热系数小于等于0.04 W/（m•k），导热系数保持了掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品极低的导热系数。
采用本发明的制造方法制造的制品的应用环境温度范围为-70℃~900℃。保温性能好；耐臭氧、样、光及气候老化，野外使用耐候性优良，寿命可达10年；具有绝缘性能；耐化学腐蚀性能好，抗油、防水（可擦洗）；强度高；柔性又有缓冲减振的弹性。
综上所述，用本发明的制造工艺包覆封装的掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡的保持了二氧化硅气凝胶毡的绝热保温的优异性能。还具有高温隔热导热系数低、良好的化学稳定性、良好的电绝缘性能、热收缩率低、非石棉产品，无污染、抗酸碱腐蚀性能好、优良的抗火烧不燃等性能，充分满足了电动汽车锂离子动力电池要求隔热保温、阻燃、缓冲减振等要求。
高硅氧玻璃纤维布包覆掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品能在800℃高温下长期工作，阻挡了电池包的个别起火爆炸事故扩大，赢得逃生及处理起火事故的时间。尤其满足了个别锂离子动力电池芯在发生撞击短路或过冲电发热自燃的条件下，能够起到隔离耐受故障电池芯瞬间释放的高温能量，使得电池芯自燃起火事故不再扩大延展，最大限度的保护广大消费者的财产安全和生命安全，为消除事故和逃生赢得时间。
本发明的制造方法成本低，创新的包覆封装工艺技术适合大批量的产业化制造，将有力支撑我国新能源汽车行业打破国外技术产品垄断和提供性能国际领先的国产化复合材料。目前新能源汽车产业急需电动汽车锂离子动力蓄电池耐高温隔热阻燃缓冲减振用包覆封装的纤维增强的掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡，来提高电动汽车锂离子动力蓄电池的工作安全可靠性和性能优势的充分发挥，提升我国电动汽车的竞争力和消费者财产和生命安全。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其它相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品，其特征在于，包括：高硅氧玻璃纤维布层和掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡层，所述掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡层的各个表面均有高硅氧玻璃纤维布层包覆连接，所述包覆开口处通过高硅氧线缝合连接或粘结连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品，其特征在于，该制品设置于各电池芯之间、各电池模组之间或设于各电池芯之间和各电池模组之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品，其特征在于，该制品为隔离层，设于电池仓和其他空间仓之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品，其特征在于，高硅氧玻璃纤维布层的厚度为0.1-1.5mm。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
1）准备高硅氧玻璃纤维布和掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡；
2）模切掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡，并在其各表面均包覆高硅氧玻璃纤维布；
3）包覆封装处用高硅氧线缝合或粘结。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品的制造方法，其特征在于，掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡的在溶胶水解工序中加入适当含量的无机氧化物，将纤维强化或纤维毡用含有无机氧化物溶胶浸泡，经溶剂置换陈化成湿凝胶纤维毡，含有无机氧化物的湿凝胶毡经超临界或常压法或冷冻干燥后即制得掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
7.根据权利要求6所述的电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品的制造方法，其特征在于，无机氧化物包括二氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铝、氧化锂、五氧化二钒、五氧化二钽、三氧化二铬、三氧化二铁、氧化铜。
8.根据权利要求5所述的电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品的制造方法，其特征在于，高硅氧玻璃纤维布是一种耐高温无机纤维，其二氧化硅SiO2含量高于96%。
9.根据权利要求5所述的电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品的制造方法，其特征在于，高硅氧玻璃纤维布厚度为0.1-1.5mm，包括平纹和缎纹两种组织纹理。
10.根据权利要求5所述的电动汽车锂离子动力电池用高硅氧玻璃纤维布包掺杂改性二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品的制造方法，其特征在于，采用该制造方法制造的制品的应用环境温度范围为-70℃~900℃。
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| CN107914428A (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-04-17 | 深圳市德镒盟电子有限公司 | 一种新能源汽车动力电池用隔热防火材料 |
| CN112054133A (zh) * | 2019-06-05 | 2020-12-08 | 江苏泛亚微透科技股份有限公司 | 电动汽车锂离子动力蓄电池用表面封装掺杂改性的二氧化硅气凝胶毡制品及其制造方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114804805A (zh) * | 2022-04-24 | 2022-07-29 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种气凝胶复合材料及其制备方法 |
| CN114804805B (zh) * | 2022-04-24 | 2023-08-22 | 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 | 一种气凝胶复合材料及其制备方法 |
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