CN112059564A - Precision manufacturing method of high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear - Google Patents
Precision manufacturing method of high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN112059564A CN112059564A CN202010791258.3A CN202010791258A CN112059564A CN 112059564 A CN112059564 A CN 112059564A CN 202010791258 A CN202010791258 A CN 202010791258A CN 112059564 A CN112059564 A CN 112059564A
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- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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Abstract
A high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear precision manufacturing method adopts rough gear milling and quenching, and then two gear tooth shapes are machined electrically through a precision electric spark machining method, so that high-precision machining of the high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear is achieved, the manufacturing problems that the high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear cannot be machined due to the fact that the two gears are close to each other and the hardness of the quenched material is too high and difficult to machine in the prior art are solved, machining of the high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear with the gear distance of only 6mm can be achieved, the machining precision of the gear can be 4 grades, the surface roughness can reach Ra0.4, and certain market competitiveness is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear, belonging to the field of aerospace precision machining.
Background
The duplex gear is usually processed by forging or welding and then machining, but the method is only suitable for the duplex gear with two gears with larger span. The duplex gear with two closely spaced teeth can not be processed by a conventional tooth manufacturing method after forging or machining.
The duplex gear is made of high-strength stainless steel, the steel is maraging stainless steel, after solid solution aging strengthening, the tensile strength can reach 1550MPa, and the hardness reaches about HRC 50. At such high hardness, conventional tooth making solutions cannot be machined or meet precision requirements.
The common machining method and process route of the duplicate gear cannot realize the precise machining of the duplicate gear, and a new machining method and process route are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the manufacturing problems that the high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear cannot be processed due to the close distance between the two gears and the high hardness of the quenched material is difficult to process in the prior art, the precise manufacturing method of the high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear is provided.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a raw material blank of a forged rod, carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the raw material blank, carrying out low-power detection, and removing raw material stubs with fixed lengths at two ends of the forged rod respectively after the forged rod is forged;
(2) selecting a raw material blank according to the outline size of a preset gear, and performing rough machining on a gear blank;
(3) performing stress relief annealing heat treatment on the rough-machined tooth blank;
(4) carrying out tooth blank fine machining until the tooth blank has no tolerance size;
(5) installing an indexing head and a tail seat on the tooth blank obtained in the step (4) after finish machining, clamping by using a special core shaft, selecting a disc-shaped milling cutter according to a gear module determined by a gear machining task, and adjusting the milling amount to mill teeth after the disc-shaped milling cutter is installed;
(6) carrying out heat treatment and solid solution on the milled tooth blank obtained in the step (5);
(7) aligning through tooth positioning, and grinding a reference hole on a tooth blank;
(8) processing profiling electrodes according to the tooth shapes at two ends of the tooth blank, and processing the tooth shapes by using the profiling electrodes;
(9) and (4) performing planetary gear train running and processing on the tooth blank obtained in the step (8) to finish gear processing, so as to obtain the dual gear.
In the step (1), the fixed length of the raw material stub bar is 100 mm.
In the step (2) and the step (4), n times of cutting are required to reduce the machining stress of the tooth blank in the rough machining process and the finish machining process of the tooth blank, wherein the cutting times n are determined according to the gear machining task.
In the step (3), the annealing mode of the stress relief annealing heat treatment is low-temperature annealing, the low-temperature annealing temperature range is 120-150 ℃, and the heat preservation time after the low-temperature annealing is 2-4 h.
In the step (4), the margin of 0.5mm needs to be reserved on the edge of the tooth blank in the tooth blank fine processing process, and in the step (2), the margin of 2mm needs to be reserved on the edge of the tooth blank in the tooth blank rough processing process.
In the step (5), the axis of the index head and the tailstock is required to be parallel to the tooth blank when being installed.
In the step (6), the specific mode of the heat treatment and the solid solution is quenching treatment, the solid solution temperature is 900 +/-5 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 2 hours after the treatment.
In the step (7), the roundness of the reference hole is required to be better than 0.005 mm.
In the step (8), the machining precision of the profiling electrode is better than 2 microns, and the electrode is replaced according to the abrasion condition of the profiling electrode in the machining process.
And (9) the running and processing of the planetary gear train are realized through a gear assembly, the gear assembly comprises a support frame, a large gear ring internal gear and an inner side external gear, the tooth blank obtained in the step (8) is arranged on the support frame, and is in tooth-shaped engagement with one end of the tooth blank through the large gear ring internal gear and is in tooth-shaped engagement with the other end of the tooth blank through the inner side external gear.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel duplex gear, which adopts the steps of rough gear milling and quenching, then the tooth profile of two gears is machined electrically by a precision electric spark machining method, so that the high-precision machining of the high-strength stainless steel duplex gear is realized, the machining of the high-strength stainless steel duplex gear with the gear distance of only 6mm can be realized, the machining precision of the gears is 4 grades, the surface roughness can reach Ra0.4, meanwhile, a process chuck is used for machining the outer circle and a reference hole of the duplex gear at one time as an alignment reference, a gear is formed by electric machining from two ends respectively, the integral high-precision machining of the duplex gear with different phases is realized, and the duplex gear machining method has certain market competitiveness in the field of multi-stage speed reduction or large speed reduction ratio speed reduction gears.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the running and processing of a planetary gear train of a dual gear provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a high precision dual gear provided by the present invention;
Detailed Description
A precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear is suitable for precision machining of spacecraft mechanism duplicate gears and is also suitable for precision machining of similar gears in other fields, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a raw material blank of a forged rod, carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the raw material blank, carrying out low-power detection, and removing raw material stubs with fixed lengths at two ends of the forged rod respectively after the forged rod is forged;
after the material type and specification of the raw material blank are determined, the raw material parameters are obtained by checking a raw material quality assurance book, and subsequent operation is carried out according to a solid solution aging system specified in the raw material quality assurance book;
in the A-level ultrasonic flaw detection process, the interior of the test piece is required to be free from defects, the material needs to be subjected to low-power detection in order to avoid influencing the performance of the gear, shrinkage cavities, bubbles, cracks, segregation, inclusions and other defects are not allowed on a cross section acid-dipped low-power test piece of the material, the fixed length of a stub bar of the raw material is 100mm, the stub bars with the lengths of about 100mm are removed from two ends of the whole forged bar respectively, and the influence on the performance of the gear caused by the poor forging performance of the stub bar is avoided as much as possible;
(2) selecting a raw material blank according to the outline size of a preset gear, and performing rough machining on a gear blank;
in the rough machining process of the tooth blank, n times of cutting are needed to reduce the machining stress of the tooth blank, wherein the cutting times n are determined according to the gear machining task, and one-time cutting forming is avoided as much as possible; in the rough machining process of the tooth blank, the margin of 2mm needs to be reserved at the edge of the tooth blank;
(3) performing stress relief annealing heat treatment on the rough-machined tooth blank;
the annealing mode of the stress relief annealing heat treatment is low-temperature annealing, the low-temperature annealing temperature range is 120-150 ℃, and the heat preservation time after the low-temperature annealing is 2-4 h;
(4) carrying out tooth blank fine machining until the tooth blank has no tolerance size;
in the tooth blank fine machining process, the margin of 0.5mm needs to be reserved on the edge of the tooth blank, n times of cutting are needed to reduce the machining stress of the tooth blank, wherein the cutting times n are determined according to the gear machining task;
(5) installing an indexing head and a tail seat on the tooth blank obtained in the step (4) after finish machining, clamping by using a special core shaft, selecting a disc-shaped milling cutter according to a gear module determined by a gear machining task, and adjusting the milling amount to mill teeth after the disc-shaped milling cutter is installed; when the dividing head and the tailstock are installed, the axis is required to be parallel to the tooth blank;
(6) carrying out heat treatment and solid solution on the milled tooth blank obtained in the step (5);
the specific mode of the heat treatment and the solid solution is quenching treatment, the solid solution temperature is 900 +/-5 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 2 hours after the treatment;
(7) aligning through tooth positioning, and grinding a reference hole on a tooth blank; the roundness of the reference hole is required to be better than 0.005 mm;
(8) processing profiling electrodes according to the tooth shapes at two ends of the tooth blank, and processing the tooth shapes by using the profiling electrodes;
wherein, the machining precision of the profiling electrode is better than 2 μm, and the electrode is replaced according to the abrasion condition of the profiling electrode in the machining process;
(9) carrying out planetary gear train running and processing on the tooth blank obtained in the step (8) to finish gear processing;
and (3) the running and processing of the planetary gear train are realized through a gear assembly, the gear assembly comprises a support frame, a large gear ring internal gear and an inner side external gear, the tooth blank obtained in the step (8) is arranged on the support frame, is engaged with one end of the tooth blank through the large gear ring internal gear in a tooth form, and is engaged with the other end of the tooth blank through the inner side external gear in a tooth form.
The following is further illustrated with reference to specific examples:
in this embodiment, the specific process of the duplex gear processing method is as follows:
blanking, selecting a raw material blank of a forged steel bar CF170 with the size specification of phi 65 multiplied by 90, carrying out A-level ultrasonic flaw detection, requiring that the interior of the blank cannot have the defect exceeding GB/T4162-;
rough turning of a gear blank, wherein the outer circle and two end faces of the gear blank are rough machined according to the preset gear contour size, the gear contour size is phi 58 multiplied by 85, and the allowance of a single side of the rough turning is 2 mm;
performing heat treatment stress relief annealing treatment, wherein the annealing mode is low-temperature annealing and mainly aims at reducing the processing stress of the gear blank, and the temperature is kept for 2-4 hours at 120-150 ℃;
semi-finish turning is carried out on a tooth blank, a single edge is left with a 0.5mm allowance, tolerance-free dimension machining is in place, one-time cutting is not needed during machining, multiple times of cutting are needed, and machining stress is reduced;
milling tooth shapes by using a disc-shaped milling cutter, wherein the normal allowance of the tooth surface is 0.5 mm;
carrying out heat treatment and solution treatment, wherein the solution temperature is 900 +/-5 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, and oil cooling is carried out; keeping the temperature at minus 70 ℃ for 8 h; the aging temperature is 510 +/-5 ℃, and the heat is preserved for more than 4-5 h;
the heat treatment equipment comprises: the furnace temperature uniformity of the heating furnace is in accordance with the technical conditions above class III.
It should be noted that after the heat treatment, the gear blank is subjected to magnetic powder detection to check whether micro cracks caused by quenching exist on the surface of the part;
grinding a reference hole, positioning and aligning by using teeth, grinding the reference hole to the size, wherein the roundness of the reference hole is required to be better than 0.005mm, and an inner hole grinding clamp can be designed according to actual conditions to ensure uniform reference;
the precise electric spark machine is used for machining the tooth shape, the pulse width of a profiling electrode is 0.05 mu s, the inter-pulse width is 0.25 mu s, and the peak current is 0.28A;
as shown in figure 1, the running and processing of the planetary gear train are carried out, firstly, the duplicate gear 2 and a corresponding shafting are installed on a support frame 1, the internal gear 3 of the large gear ring is in tooth-shaped engagement with one end of the duplicate gear, the internal gear 4 of the inner side of the duplicate gear is in tooth-shaped engagement with the other end of the duplicate gear, and the duplicate gear shown in figure 2 is obtained after the processing is finished.
The machined dual gear has the machining precision of 4 grades and the surface roughness of Ra0.4.
During the gear machining process, the phase angle of the duplicate gear must strictly comply with the drawing or specification requirements to achieve correct assembly, which requires that the duplicate gear must ensure the gear phase precision during the machining process. According to the scheme, a marking line is marked at the zero position-tooth shape overlapping position of the two gears, a process alignment chuck is additionally arranged at one end, the process chuck, the outer circles and the reference holes of the two gears are machined at one time to serve as an alignment reference, the two ends of each gear are respectively machined and formed by electric machining, and the overall high-precision machining of the dual gears with different phases is successfully realized.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel duplicate gear is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a raw material blank of a forged rod, carrying out ultrasonic flaw detection on the raw material blank, carrying out low-power detection, and removing raw material stubs with fixed lengths at two ends of the forged rod respectively after the forged rod is forged;
(2) selecting a raw material blank according to the outline size of a preset gear, and performing rough machining on a gear blank;
(3) performing stress relief annealing heat treatment on the rough-machined tooth blank;
(4) carrying out tooth blank fine machining until the tooth blank has no tolerance size;
(5) installing an indexing head and a tail seat on the tooth blank obtained in the step (4) after finish machining, clamping by using a special core shaft, selecting a disc-shaped milling cutter according to a gear module determined by a gear machining task, and adjusting the milling amount to mill teeth after the disc-shaped milling cutter is installed;
(6) carrying out heat treatment and solid solution on the milled tooth blank obtained in the step (5);
(7) aligning through tooth positioning, and grinding a reference hole on a tooth blank;
(8) processing profiling electrodes according to the tooth shapes at two ends of the tooth blank, and processing the tooth shapes by using the profiling electrodes;
(9) and (4) performing planetary gear train running and processing on the tooth blank obtained in the step (8) to finish gear processing, so as to obtain the dual gear.
2. The precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel double gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the fixed length of the raw material stub bar is 100 mm.
3. The precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel double gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2) and the step (4), n times of cutting are required to reduce the machining stress of the tooth blank in the rough machining process and the finish machining process of the tooth blank, wherein the cutting times n are determined according to the gear machining task.
4. The precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel double gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the annealing mode of the stress relief annealing heat treatment is low-temperature annealing, the low-temperature annealing temperature range is 120-150 ℃, and the heat preservation time after the low-temperature annealing is 2-4 h.
5. The precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel double gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), the margin of 0.5mm needs to be reserved on the edge of the tooth blank in the tooth blank fine processing process, and in the step (2), the margin of 2mm needs to be reserved on the edge of the tooth blank in the tooth blank rough processing process.
6. The precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel double gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (5), the axis of the index head and the tailstock is required to be parallel to the tooth blank when being installed.
7. The precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel double gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (6), the specific mode of the heat treatment and the solid solution is quenching treatment, the solid solution temperature is 900 +/-5 ℃, and the heat is preserved for 2 hours after the treatment.
8. The precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel double gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (7), the roundness of the reference hole is required to be better than 0.005 mm.
9. The precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel double gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (8), the machining precision of the profiling electrode is better than 2 microns, and the electrode is replaced according to the abrasion condition of the profiling electrode in the machining process.
10. The precision manufacturing method of a high-strength stainless steel double gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (9) the running and processing of the planetary gear train are realized through a gear assembly, the gear assembly comprises a support frame, a large gear ring internal gear and an inner side external gear, the tooth blank obtained in the step (8) is arranged on the support frame, and is in tooth-shaped engagement with one end of the tooth blank through the large gear ring internal gear and is in tooth-shaped engagement with the other end of the tooth blank through the inner side external gear.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109738186A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-05-10 | 变厚机器人关节技术(上海)有限公司 | Inside engaged gear running test device and its test method |
| CN109931367A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-25 | 浙江宏业农装科技股份有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of the engaging structure of linear type bevel gear, speed reducer and the gear |
| CN110145588A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-20 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of textured roller gear in side surface and preparation method thereof |
| CN110961876A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-04-07 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Machining method of two half type gear rings |
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- 2020-08-07 CN CN202010791258.3A patent/CN112059564B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109931367A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-25 | 浙江宏业农装科技股份有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of the engaging structure of linear type bevel gear, speed reducer and the gear |
| CN109738186A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-05-10 | 变厚机器人关节技术(上海)有限公司 | Inside engaged gear running test device and its test method |
| CN110145588A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-20 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of textured roller gear in side surface and preparation method thereof |
| CN110961876A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-04-07 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Machining method of two half type gear rings |
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