CN112056020A

CN112056020A - Soil dehumidification and fertilization all-in-one machine after flood and fertilization method

Info

Publication number: CN112056020A
Application number: CN202010968371.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孟品品; 王宗抗; 陈燕文; 冷为贵
Original assignee: Guigang Batian Ecology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guigang Batian Ecology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-15
Filing date: 2020-09-15
Publication date: 2020-12-11
Anticipated expiration: 2040-09-15
Also published as: CN112056020B

Abstract

According to the integrated machine and the fertilizing method for soil dehumidification and fertilization after flood disasters, water is drained immediately after flood disasters, the soil is drained from high to low according to the height of a field block during drainage, if the drainage period is in a high-temperature weather, a certain water layer is covered on the surface of the soil during drainage, if the drainage period is in a rainy weather, the soil is drained at one time, and the field is put after the water is drained; digging a plurality of parallel ditches in a farmland range, and sprinkling one or a combination of more of perlite, soil loosening compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the ditches; then water-absorbing and water-retaining materials are spread, soil in the ditch is compacted, and soil is finely prepared to achieve the purpose of leveling the soil. By the three-in-one post-disaster reconstruction fertilizing method of the fertilizer, the soil can be dehumidified and dried, the fertilizer nutrients cannot be lost, the soil fertility can be quickly restored to a culturable level, and the method is favorable for grabbing and restoring agricultural production work after flood disasters.

Description

Soil dehumidification and fertilization all-in-one machine after flood and fertilization method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil treatment after flood, in particular to a soil dehumidification and fertilization all-in-one machine after flood and a fertilization method.

Background

The occurrence of floods is mostly caused by rainfall. The large river and river basin area is large, the regulation and storage of river networks, lakes and reservoirs are provided, rainfall in different regions and positions is achieved, when flood peaks formed by different branches are collected to main flows, flood water of the branches are often mutually superposed to form flood peaks which are long in duration and gentle in fluctuation; the river basin area and the river network regulating capacity of the small river are small, and a fast-rising and fast-falling flood peak is formed by one-time rainfall. Floods can be divided into two main categories: torrential floods are sudden turbulences running along rivers, destroying everything, with fatal destructive power, and slowly rising floods.

Flood caused by heavy rainfall can cause great influence on agricultural production, and the planting income of farmers is seriously damaged. Particularly for the Yangtze river basin, the flood season of 6-7 months per year can be developed into a basin-type flood disaster, the rainfall process is frequent, the rainfall is concentrated, heavy rain or heavy rain is caused, the number of heavy rain days is large, the rainfall accounts for 50% of the annual rainfall, and the flood disaster is a peak period of the flood disaster in south China; once the crops are flooded, the roots of the crops are lack of oxygen and can wet the roots when the crops are in water flooding, certain influence is caused on the growth, development and yield of the crops, and the farmlands of the crops with serious roots are washed out, so that the crops are no longer produced and no longer harvested.

Because the soil is soaked for a long time, soil nutrients are greatly lost, toxic and harmful substances with strong reducibility are greatly accumulated, the soil aggregate structure is damaged, the soil cultivation performance is reduced, crop roots are easily damaged and rotten, micro aggregates with different thicknesses and more impurities appear on the surface of the soil after being dewatered, the crops cannot grow or grow badly in the soil with the micro aggregate structure, the soil is covered by a thin film layer formed by the micro aggregates, the soil of a cultivation layer is blocked from being communicated with the atmosphere, the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is reduced by more than 50%, the activity is reduced by more than 80%, the normal physiological activity of the roots is seriously influenced, and the part of the soil is difficult to recover.

Therefore, after flood, how to realize soil drainage and dehumidification and quickly recover the soil productivity is the key for reconstructing agricultural production, reducing the loss of farmers due to the disaster and ensuring the food safety of China, and a core problem to be solved is how to carry out fertilization management on the soil with higher moisture and higher humidity.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the existing technologies such as: the problem that how to reduce the water drainage and quickly recover the soil fertility of the soil after flood is solved urgently is that the planting and the normal growth of crops are influenced due to the fact that the humidity of the soil is too high after the flood is disastrous.

The soil dehumidifying and fertilizing integrated machine comprises a rack, wherein one end, close to the ground, of the rack is connected with a road roller assembly and a coulter excavating piece, the coulter excavating piece is arranged at the rear end of the advancing direction of the road roller assembly, the rack is also connected with a fertilizer stirring hopper, the fertilizer stirring hopper comprises an accommodating cavity and a discharge hole, and the discharge hole is positioned on one side, far away from the road roller assembly, of the coulter excavating piece; the frame is also provided with an armrest frame; the fertilizer stirring hopper is provided with a solar assembly for supplying power, and one end of the solar assembly is hinged with the frame of the fertilizer stirring hopper to form a reversible structure.

Preferably, the road roller assembly comprises a first road roller, a second road roller and a road roller connecting shaft, the middle part of the road roller connecting shaft is connected with the frame, and the two ends of the road roller connecting shaft are respectively provided with the first road roller and the second road roller; the coulter excavating piece and the discharge hole are sequentially arranged between the first road rolling wheel and the second road rolling wheel; the coulter excavating piece comprises a first clamping plate and a second clamping plate, the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate are connected in an intersecting mode at a certain angle, and the maximum width of the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate is smaller than the width of the first road roller; the discharge port is arranged in a clamping space formed by the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate.

Preferably, the second road roller is of a cavity structure, contains water-absorbing and water-retaining materials, is provided with a net-shaped tread and is provided with a cover plate capable of being opened and closed on the side wall.

Preferably, the roller comprises a first roller and a second roller, the first roller and the second roller are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the second roller, the first roller and the second roller are both of a cavity structure, the treads of the first roller and the second roller are both of a filter screen structure, and limestone is filled in the first roller and the second roller.

Preferably, the roller device further comprises a driving motor, the driving motor is used for driving the first roller to roll, and the second roller, the first roller and the second roller are driven wheels.

The method for fertilizing the soil after flood disasters is further disclosed, the dehumidification and fertilization all-in-one machine is used for fertilizing, and the method comprises the following steps:

s1, draining and rescuing: draining water immediately after flood disasters, wherein the water is drained from high to low according to the height of the field, if the water drainage period is in high-temperature weather, a certain water layer is covered on the soil surface during the water drainage, if the water drainage period is in rainy weather, the soil is drained at one time, and the field is put after the water is drained;

s2, ploughing and fertilizing: in a farmland range, a dehumidifying and fertilizing all-in-one machine is used for cutting soft soil into a plurality of parallel ditches, one or more combinations of perlite, soil loosening compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer are contained in a containing cavity, and materials in the containing cavity are laid in the ditches while ditching;

s3, dehumidifying and compacting: the first road roller and the second road roller are filled with water absorbing and retaining materials, after the materials in the containing cavities are paved into the ditch, the water absorbing and retaining materials are paved, meanwhile, the road roller assembly is used for compacting soil in the ditch, and then fine soil preparation is carried out, so that the purpose of leveling the soil in the field is achieved.

Preferably, the first road roller and the second road roller are filled with water absorbing and retaining materials, and in the advancing process of the dehumidification-fertilization integrated machine, the first road roller and the second road roller are paved with a layer of water absorbing and retaining materials in a ditch, and the first road roller and the second road roller are used for compacting the floating soil in the ditch.

Preferably, after S3, the first roller and the second roller are used to compact the soil on the side of the ditch, and the first roller and the second roller are filled with limestone, and the limestone is spread during the compaction process to sterilize the soil.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a soil dehumidifying and fertilizing integrated machine and a fertilizing method after flood disasters, which comprises the following steps: draining water immediately after flood disasters, wherein the water is drained from high to low according to the height of the field, if the water drainage period is in high-temperature weather, a certain water layer is covered on the soil surface during the water drainage, if the water drainage period is in rainy weather, the soil is drained at one time, and the field is put after the water is drained; in a farmland range, the dehumidifying and fertilizing all-in-one machine disclosed by the invention is used for cutting soft soil into a plurality of parallel ditches, one or more combinations of perlite, soil loosening compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer are contained in the containing cavity, and materials in the containing cavity are laid in the ditches while ditching; after the materials in the accommodating cavity are paved in the ditch, water absorbing and retaining materials are paved, meanwhile, the road roller assembly is used for compacting the soil in the ditch, and then the soil is finely prepared, so that the purpose of leveling the soil is achieved.

Through the three-in-one post-disaster reconstruction fertilization method of the fertilizer, the method and the equipment, the soil can be dehumidified and dried, the fertilizer nutrients cannot be lost, the soil fertility can be quickly restored to a culturable level, and the development of the agricultural production work recovery by grabbing after flood disasters is facilitated.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a structural view of a fertilizer stirring bucket structure and a coulter digging element of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the fertilizer mixing hopper of the present invention with the solar module omitted;

FIG. 5 is a rear view of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a side view of the present invention with the fertilizer hopper structure omitted;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the present invention without the fertilizer stirring hopper structure;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention.

The main element symbols are as follows:

1. frame 2, road roller subassembly

21. First road roller 22 and second road roller

23. Road roller connecting shaft 3 and coulter excavating part

31. A first clamping plate 32 and a second clamping plate

4. Fertilizer stirring hopper 41 and accommodating cavity

42. Discharge port 43 and solar module

5. A first roller 6 and a second roller.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are conventionally placed in use, and are only used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "suspended", and the like do not imply that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Some embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below and the features of the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

In order to more clearly describe the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Rainstorms are rainfall in which the amount of water falling to the ground in the atmosphere reaches and exceeds 50 mm per day. Heavy rainstorms are used when the rainfall exceeds 100 mm every day, and extra heavy rainstorms are used when the rainfall exceeds 250 mm. The rainstorm comes quickly, the rain is violent, and particularly, the continuous rainstorm in a large range and the concentrated extra-large rainstorm affect the agricultural production and possibly harm the lives of people, so that serious economic loss is caused. There are two main types of storm hazards:

1. due to the fact that rainstorm is rapid and large, water accumulation and waterlogging are easily caused due to unsmooth drainage, soil pores are filled with water, crop roots are lack of oxygen, physiological activities of the roots are inhibited, the anaerobic process is strengthened, toxic substances are generated, and crop damage is reduced.

2. Under the flooding condition, the metabolism of crops is difficult to normally carry out, and the deeper the flooding is, the longer the flooding time is, and the more serious the damage is. Torrential flood and river flooding caused by extra heavy rainstorm not only harm normal growth of crops, but also flush out farmhouses and agricultural facilities, even cause casualties of people and livestock, and serious economic loss.

The hazards of flooding and wet damage to agricultural production include physical damage, physiological damage and ecological hazards. Flood inundation destroys water conservancy facilities, damages farmlands, tears crop leaves, breaks crop straws and washes crops to cause physical damage; when the soil moisture is excessive, the growth and physiological functions of crop roots can be seriously influenced, so that the growth and development of overground parts are influenced, and physiological damage is caused; the occurrence and the prevalence of plant diseases and insect pests are very easy to cause under the environment conditions of rain, sunshine and waterlogging for a long time. After the farmland and the water conservancy facilities are flushed by flood, the agricultural production environment is damaged, changes of soil conditions, vegetation conditions and the like are caused, the layout, variety adjustment and the like of crops are affected, and ecological damage is caused.

The invention relates to a scheme for designing the aspects of improving soil tilth and recovering soil fertility after flood disasters, which carries out deep ploughing by reasonable cultivation measures, breaks the plough bottom layer, improves the air permeability and the water permeability of plough layer soil, eliminates or weakens the water retention effect of the plough bottom layer, reduces the water content of the plough layer and lightens the influence of flood; soil loosening compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, perlite and the like are laid to loosen soil, improve the soil structure, increase the content of organic matters in the soil and improve the soil fertility.

The invention discloses a post-flood soil dehumidifying and fertilizing integrated machine, which comprises a rack (1), wherein one end, close to the ground, of the rack (1) is connected with a road roller assembly (2) and a coulter excavating piece (3), the coulter excavating piece (3) is arranged at the rear end of the advancing direction of the road roller assembly (2), the road roller assembly (2) is used for flattening soft soil, because the soil soaked by flood easily forms floating soil on the surface layer, the whole land block is soft but airtight, the floating soil is compacted by the road roller assembly (2) and the moisture in the soft soil is squeezed out, and the coulter excavating piece (3) is used for cutting into the soft soil for ditching, the squeezed moisture can be collected into a ditch preferentially, the soil evaporation specific surface area is increased, and the volatilization efficiency is increased; frame (1) is connected with fertilizer stirring fill (4), fertilizer stirring fill (4) are including holding chamber (41) and discharge gate (42), discharge gate (42) are located coulter and excavate one side of piece (3) keeping away from road roller subassembly (2), holding chamber (41) are used for holding pearlite, organic fertilizer and loosen the soil in the compound fertilizer one or more, mainly consider different regions, different landmass, the soil demand of different crops and different humidity is different, can adopt different stopping combination, wherein the pearlite can absorb moisture, carry out the dehumidification of soil, it can improve soil fertility to loosen the soil compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, improve soil aggregate structure, increase soil organic matter content, resume soil fertility, in order to make things convenient for subsequent crop to cultivate.

In the embodiment, the road roller assembly (2) comprises a first road roller (21), a second road roller (22) and a road roller connecting shaft (23), the middle part of the road roller connecting shaft (23) is connected with the frame (1), and the two ends of the road roller connecting shaft (23) are respectively provided with the first road roller (21) and the second road roller (22); the coulter excavating piece (3) and the discharge hole (42) are sequentially arranged between the first road rolling wheel (21) and the second road rolling wheel (22); the first road roller (21) can compact the floating soil, then after the coulter excavating piece (3) ditches, the soil is turned over, the contact surface between the soil and the air is increased, the organic fertilizer can be filled in the ditch at the moment, and then the second road roller (22) compacts the side wall of the ditch, so that the basic shape of the ditch is ensured, and meanwhile, the organic fertilizer is covered by the rolled soil, and the efficacy of the organic fertilizer is ensured.

In the embodiment, the coulter digging part (3) comprises a first clamping plate (31) and a second clamping plate (32), wherein the first clamping plate (31) and the second clamping plate (32) are connected in an intersecting way at a certain angle to form a sharp corner for breaking the soil; the maximum width of the first clamping plate (31) and the second clamping plate (32) is smaller than the width of the first road roller (21); the width of the coulter excavating member (3) is smaller than the width of the first road roller (21) for stability of the trench structure because there is a very soft portion of the soil that has not been pressed by the first road roller (21) and some soil is also rolled up by the trench.

In the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1-3, the material outlet (42) is disposed in the clamping space formed by the first clamping plate (31) and the second clamping plate (32), so as to ensure that the material is disposed in the trench at the first time of ditching.

In this embodiment, please refer to fig. 3-4, a second road rolling wheel (22) is arranged on the road rolling wheel connecting shaft (23) and is of a hollow structure, and a water absorbing and retaining material is arranged in the second road rolling wheel (22); the tread of the second road roller (22) is arranged into a net structure; the side wall of the second road rolling wheel (22) is provided with a cover plate which can be opened and closed and is used for replacing the water absorbing and retaining material in the second road rolling wheel (22).

In this embodiment, please refer to fig. 5-7, further including a first road roller (5) and a second road roller (6), where the first road roller (5) and the second road roller (6) are symmetrically disposed at two sides of a second road roller (22), the first road roller (5) and the second road roller (6) are both configured as a cavity structure, a tread is both configured as a filter screen structure, and limestone is filled in the first road roller (5) and the second road roller (6); the first road roller (6) and the second road roller (6) correspond to a flat ground beside a ditch, and soil moisture on two sides can be gradually guided into the ditch after the ditch is dug, so that certain fertility maintenance needs to be carried out on the soil on the two sides, the driving motor drives the first road roller (21) to roll, and the second road roller (22), the first road roller (5) and the second road roller (6) are driven wheels; the first and second road rollers can shake along with the movement, so that a certain amount of limestone is screened out and laid on the ground surfaces at two sides, the limestone is in contact with the wet soil, the moisture in the wet soil is directly evaporated, and some harmful fungi in the soil can be killed; the frame (1) is also provided with an armrest frame and a driving position.

In order to better utilize the soil dehumidifying and fertilizing all-in-one machine, and particularly to provide a soil fertilizing method after flood disasters, the soil dehumidifying and fertilizing all-in-one machine needs to be operated, please refer to fig. 8, and the method comprises the following steps:

s2, ploughing and fertilizing: in a farmland range, digging a plurality of parallel ditches by using the dehumidification and fertilization integrated machine, wherein the accommodating cavity (41) accommodates one or a combination of more of perlite, soil loosening compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the coulter digging part (3) cuts into soft soil to dig the ditches, and materials in the accommodating cavity (41) are spread in the ditches while digging the ditches;

s3, dehumidifying and compacting: the first road roller (21) and the second road roller (22) are filled with water absorbing and retaining materials, the water absorbing and retaining materials are spread after the materials in the accommodating cavity (41) are paved into a ditch, meanwhile, the road roller assembly (2) compacts soil in the ditch, and soil is finely prepared, so that the purpose of leveling soil is achieved.

When the plant is placed in a flooded environment, the most seriously damaged and direct organ is the root system, the dissolved oxygen in water is limited, the root system is difficult to obtain oxygen, and simultaneously, the gas diffusion is difficult under the influence of water blockage, and a large amount of toxic and harmful substances can be accumulated in the plant body; meanwhile, after flood disasters, the overground parts of the plants can be washed away, but the roots and stems are buried in the soil, and the soil is not beneficial to planting of the crops after the disasters after long-term flooding and soaking.

In order to restore the soil to a culturable state as soon as possible, furrows are dug in the field, perlite is directly scattered through a fertilizing device while the furrows are dug, and the perlite is paved in the ditches, so that the capability of absorbing mineral ions of root systems is weakened in a flooded environment, and if the plants are directly furrowed, mineral elements such as P, K in plants are deficient, therefore, the perlite is paved in the ditches, on one hand, the perlite can absorb water in the ditches, on the other hand, the mineral elements can be dissolved in the soil, and the perlite is paved for the plants to absorb the mineral elements later.

The application of the exogenous regulating substance is one of effective ways for relieving the damage of flood disasters to the soil, the laying of the perlite can achieve a certain effect, meanwhile, the soil loosening compound fertilizer and the organic fertilizer are scattered on the surface layer of the perlite, the soil loosening compound fertilizer contains biological enzyme loosening factors, the formation of a soil granular structure can be promoted, the permeability of the soil is improved, the soil is loosened, the drainage and ventilation of the farmland are promoted, the growth of crop roots is facilitated, and the nutrition is absorbed and transported more easily; meanwhile, medium trace elements and beneficial elements such as zinc, manganese, iron, selenium and the like can be chelated strongly, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved, the immunity of crops is improved, and physiological diseases and the like are prevented; in addition, the perlite is paved in the ditch firstly, and then the fertilizer is paved, so that the fertilizer and the soil cannot be washed away directly even if obvious water flow occurs in the ditch, and the fertilizer and the soil are better dissolved in the ditch soil.

In this embodiment, in S2, limestone can be doped in the perlite, if there is significant moisture seepage in the trench, it indicates that the soil is still wet, and at the same time, it can play a certain role in killing fungi.

In this embodiment, in S3, the additional slope formed beside the trench needs to be compacted, and limestone is spread during compaction to sterilize the soil.

Examples

When the combined type tread compacting machine is used in an assembling mode, the diameters of the first road pressing wheel (21) and the second road pressing wheel (22) are consistent, but for the width of the tread, the width of the second road pressing wheel (22) is larger than that of the first road pressing wheel (21), the first road pressing wheel (21) and the second road pressing wheel (22) are connected through a road pressing wheel connecting shaft (23), a driving motor of the first road pressing wheel (21) can be installed on the road pressing wheel connecting shaft (23), the first road pressing wheel (21) is set to be a driving wheel, and the whole machine is driven to move forwards.

The middle of the road roller connecting shaft (23) is connected with a rack (1), the road roller connecting shaft (23) consists of two shafts, so the rack (1) is also connected with the two road roller connecting shafts (23), and the upper end of the rack (1) is connected with a fertilizer stirring hopper (4), so a neutral position is formed in the hollow of the rack (1), a discharge port (42) of the fertilizer stirring hopper (4) can be connected to the ground through a hose and just extends out of the neutral position in the middle of the road roller connecting shaft (23), and a coulter excavating piece (3) is arranged at the position and also just extends into the neutral position of the road roller connecting shaft (23), and the hose of the discharge port (42) can extend into an included angle area of the coulter excavating piece (3) because the coulter excavating piece (3) is formed by two metal pieces with a certain included angle; namely, the coulter digging part (3) is arranged between the first road rolling wheel (21) and the second road rolling wheel (22), a hose of the fertilizer stirring bucket (4) is arranged in a cavity at the included angle of the coulter digging part (3), and the tip of the coulter digging part (3) points to the advancing direction.

Frame (1) is provided with the down tube and presses road roller connecting axle (23) to be connected, the other end is connected with the transverse fixing pole of frame (1), transverse fixing pole and fertilizer stirring fill (4) are connected, so transverse fixing pole and down tube and transverse fixing pole form zigzag connection structure, so for the stability and the anti-vibration of structure, still be provided with the shock attenuation pole between down tube and transverse fixing pole, because the section of unevenness can appear in the field unavoidably, in the operation of machine, the stability of device can be improved to a certain extent to the shock attenuation pole.

A valve device is arranged at the discharge port (42), the discharge speed of the materials in the accommodating cavity (41) can be controlled, and the valve device can be adjusted to adapt to the materials with different particle sizes; granular perlite and a loose soil compound fertilizer are filled in the fertilizer stirring hopper (4), the perlite can absorb moisture to reduce the humidity of the soil, and then the fertilizer is uniformly scattered in the ditch, so that the fertility of the soil can be recovered. Still more preferred scheme is provided with solar energy component above fertilizer stirring fill, can provide the electric energy for whole equipment, can use as the apron of fertilizer stirring fill again. The second road roller (22) is arranged into a cavity structure, water-absorbing and water-retaining materials can be contained in the second road roller, the second road roller (22) gradually shakes on soil when rotating, then is in direct contact with the soil, and water absorption and dehumidification can be rapidly realized by utilizing the characteristic of strong adsorption capacity of the second road roller; meanwhile, a first road roller (5) and a second road roller (6) are arranged, soil can be compacted after soil in a ditch is turned up, the first road roller (5) and the second road roller (6) are also arranged to be of cavity structures, limestone or water-absorbing and water-retaining materials can be filled, soil can be further dehumidified and dried, and a certain fungus killing effect can be achieved.

According to the soil dehumidifying and fertilizing all-in-one machine disclosed by the invention, soil fertilizing treatment is carried out on different plots in the same region in a certain county in south of China under the attack of flood disasters by combining a soil fertilizing method:

a group of plots adopt the fertilizing method, ditches are dug in the plots at intervals of 5m by using the dehumidifying and fertilizing all-in-one machine, the width of each ditch is 50-60 cm, 5 ditches are counted, and granules are laid in the ditchesPerlite with the diameter of 1-3 mm is laid on the surface layer as a standard, and a layer of soil loosening compound fertilizer 16-16-16 and organic fertilizer (N + P) are laid on the perlite₂O₅+K₂More than or equal to 5.0 percent of O and more than or equal to 45 percent of organic matter), wherein the dosage of the soil loosening compound fertilizer is 16-16-16 kg/mu, and the dosage of the organic fertilizer is 60-80 kg/mu; meanwhile, compacting is carried out on the attached slope, limestone is shaken off by the first road roller and the second road roller, a fertilizer stirring hopper is not opened after the next day, and the soil-loosening compound fertilizer is shaken off by only the first road roller and the second road roller by 16-16-16 parts.

And (3) no operation is carried out on the land plots of the group B, after natural dewatering and drying, conventional compound fertilizer 16-16-16 and organic fertilizer are broadcast and applied, the fertilizing amount of the conventional compound fertilizer and the conventional organic fertilizer is equal to that of the land plots of the group A, and then the farming operation is carried out, wherein the land plots of the group A and the land plots of the group B are not adjacent to the river channel and have the size of 1 mu.

Taking soil samples in the ditches, the ditch side slopes and among the ditches of the group A of plots, taking soil at the corresponding coordinate positions of the group B of plots, and measuring the organic matter content of the soil, wherein the detection results are shown in Table 1; meanwhile, the physical properties of the soil in the corresponding positions of the ditch and the ditch of the group A and the group B are analyzed, the physical properties mainly comprise the volume weight of the soil, the total porosity of the soil and the granular structure of the soil, and the detection results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 1 Effect of different treatments on organic matter content of soil

Organic matter content of soil	In the ditch/g.kg^-1	Slope of ditch/g.kg^-1	Between ditches/g.kg^-1
				Group A land parcel	12.8	12.0	11.0
Group B plots	10.9	10.3	10.4

As can be seen from Table 1, the soil organic matter content in the ditches of group A is the highest, and the soil organic matter content in the ditches of group B is obviously improved compared with that in the ditches of group B.

TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on the physical Properties of the soil

Treatment group	Volume weight/g.cm^-3	Total porosity/%)	>0.25mm granular structure/%)
				Group A land parcel	1.24	44.32	30.23
Group B plots	1.36	42.16	26.71

As can be seen from Table 2, compared with the naturally recovered group B plots, the group A plots treated by the method of the present invention significantly reduced the soil volume weight, and increased the soil porosity and soil granular structure, thereby improving the soil permeability and structure and making the soil arable.

The invention has the advantages that:

the invention provides a three-in-one post-disaster reconstruction fertilization method of 'fertilizer + method + equipment', which is characterized in that a plough cutter digging piece in a dehumidification and fertilization all-in-one machine is utilized to cut soft soil for ditching and guiding water, soil is turned over, water evaporation is increased, one or a combination of more of perlite, a soil loosening compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer is applied to a ditch, then a water absorbing and water retaining material is spread, soil compaction in the ditch is carried out simultaneously, and soil is finely prepared, so that the purpose of leveling and finely preparing the soil is achieved, the soil can be dehumidified and dried, fertilizer nutrients cannot be lost, the soil fertility can be rapidly recovered to a tileable level, and the development of grabbing and recovering agricultural production work after flood disasters is facilitated.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The integrated machine is characterized by comprising a rack (1), wherein one end, close to the ground, of the rack (1) is connected with a road roller assembly (2) and a coulter excavating piece (3), the coulter excavating piece (3) is arranged at the rear end of the advancing direction of the road roller assembly (2), the rack (1) is further connected with a fertilizer stirring hopper (4), the fertilizer stirring hopper (4) comprises a containing cavity (41) and a discharge hole (42), and the discharge hole (42) is positioned on one side, far away from the road roller assembly (2), of the coulter excavating piece (3); the frame (1) is also provided with an armrest frame; the fertilizer stirring hopper is provided with a solar component (43) for supplying power, and one end of the solar component (43) is hinged with the frame of the fertilizer stirring hopper (4) to form a reversible structure.

2. The integrated machine for soil dehumidification and fertilization after flood disasters according to claim 1, wherein the road roller assembly (2) comprises a first road roller (21), a second road roller (22) and a road roller connecting shaft (23), the middle part of the road roller connecting shaft (23) is connected with the frame (1), and the first road roller (21) and the second road roller (22) are respectively arranged at two ends of the road roller connecting shaft (23); the coulter excavating piece (3) and the discharge hole (42) are sequentially arranged between the first road rolling wheel (21) and the second road rolling wheel (22); the coulter excavating piece (3) comprises a first clamping plate (31) and a second clamping plate (32), the first clamping plate (31) and the second clamping plate (32) are connected in an intersecting mode at a certain angle, and the maximum width of the first clamping plate (31) and the second clamping plate (32) is smaller than the width of the first road roller (21); the discharge hole (42) is arranged in a clamping space formed by the first clamping plate (31) and the second clamping plate (32).

3. The integrated machine for soil dehumidification and fertilization after flood disasters according to claim 2, wherein the second road roller (22) is of a cavity structure and contains water absorption and retention materials, the tread of the second road roller is of a net structure, and the side wall of the second road roller is provided with a cover plate capable of being opened and closed.

4. The integrated machine for soil dehumidification and fertilization after flood disasters according to claim 3, further comprising a first road roller (5) and a second road roller (6), wherein the first road roller (5) and the second road roller (6) are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the second road roller (22), the first road roller (5) and the second road roller (6) are both of a cavity structure, treads of the first road roller (5) and the second road roller (6) are both of a filter screen structure, and limestone is filled in the first road roller (5) and the second road roller (6).

5. The integrated machine for soil dehumidification and fertilization after flood disasters according to claim 4, further comprising a driving motor, wherein the driving motor is used for driving the first road roller (21) to roll, and the second road roller (22), the first road roller (5) and the second road roller (6) are driven wheels.

6. A soil fertilization method after flood disasters is characterized in that the dehumidification and fertilization all-in-one machine of any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted for fertilization, and the method comprises the following steps:

s2, ploughing and fertilizing: in a farmland range, digging a plurality of parallel ditches by using the dehumidification and fertilization integrated machine, wherein the accommodating cavity (41) accommodates one or a combination of more of perlite, soil loosening compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, the coulter digging part (3) cuts into soft soil to dig ditches, and materials in the accommodating cavity (41) are laid in the ditches while digging ditches;

7. The method for fertilizing the soil after flood disasters according to claim 6, characterized in that water absorbing and retaining materials are filled in the first road roller (21) and the second road roller (22), a layer of water absorbing and retaining materials is paved in the ditch by the first road roller (21) and the second road roller (22) during the running process of the dehumidification-fertilization all-in-one machine, and the floating soil in the ditch is compacted by the first road roller (21) and the second road roller (22).

8. The method for fertilizing the soil after flood according to claim 6, wherein in S3, the soil is compacted by using the first roller (5) and the second roller (6) to form an attached slope beside the ditch, limestone is filled in the first roller (5) and the second roller (6), and the limestone is spread during the compaction process to sterilize the soil.