CN112054679B - Positive and negative voltage conversion direct-current power supply and control method thereof - Google Patents
Positive and negative voltage conversion direct-current power supply and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112054679B CN112054679B CN202010951956.5A CN202010951956A CN112054679B CN 112054679 B CN112054679 B CN 112054679B CN 202010951956 A CN202010951956 A CN 202010951956A CN 112054679 B CN112054679 B CN 112054679B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from dc input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a direct current power supply with positive and negative voltage conversion and a control method thereof. The direct-current power supply for positive and negative voltage conversion comprises an input decoupling unit, an input bypass unit, a PWM (pulse-width modulation) chopping unit and an output filtering unit which are sequentially connected; the input decoupling unit is used for decoupling the capacitor; the input bypass unit is used for providing sudden change current required by chopping for the PWM chopping unit and converting the input current into direct current under the combined action of the input bypass unit and the input decoupling unit; the PWM chopping unit is used for generating PWM switching chopping signals; the output filtering unit is used for filtering the output voltage to obtain stable direct current voltage. The Buck-boost converter is characterized in that a Buck topology and a controller which can only convert positive voltage into positive voltage in conventional application are used, the conversion from positive voltage into negative voltage is realized, and the circuit is ensured to work in a Buck mode by connecting an input decoupling inductor and an input bypass capacitor, so that output ripple voltage which is one order of magnitude lower than that of the Buck-boost topology with the same capacity is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power electronics, and particularly relates to a positive and negative voltage conversion direct-current power supply and a control method thereof.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In a single power supply or battery powered device, a board or a module having an analog signal (such as ac voltage, current, etc.) acquisition and processing unit often needs to be powered by positive and negative dual power supplies, and the ripple voltage of the power supply is required to be small enough to meet the requirement of the circuit on the precision. In the switching power supply conversion, the output ripple voltage of the switching power supply conversion is calculated by the following method:
Vripple＝Iripple*ESR (1)
in the formula: vrippleTo output a ripple voltage; i isrippleIs the ripple current on the output capacitor; ESR is the equivalent series resistance across the output capacitor. Typically, the peak-to-peak ripple current on the output inductor is designed to be 0.2 times the rated output current. For the Buck topology, the ripple current on the output capacitor is the alternating current component on the output inductor; in the Buck-Boost topology, the ripple current on the output capacitor is the output load current of +2 times of the alternating current component on the output inductor. As can be seen from the combination formula (1), the output ripple voltage of the latter is about 10 times that of the former at the rated output. The output ripple voltage of the negative supply obviously does not meet the requirements without further filtering measures.
To achieve a lower ripple voltage for the negative power supply, the following two schemes are generally adopted: the first scheme is as follows: and adding a stage of LC filtering. This solution, in addition to adding additional components, leads to an increase in complexity, board area and cost, and also brings about a deterioration in the following criteria. If the closed loop voltage feedback point is not changed, the added filter inductance will cause the output impedance to increase, thereby causing the load regulation rate and transient response to be poor. If the feedback point of the closed-loop voltage moves backwards, a first-stage phase shift is additionally added in the closed-loop feedback link, so that the phase margin is reduced, the stability of the loop is poor, and the output oscillation is easily caused. Scheme II: a linear power regulator is additionally arranged. The most obvious disadvantage of the scheme is that the loss of the linear power regulator is in direct proportion to the product of the voltage drop and the output current of the linear power regulator, so that the overall conversion efficiency is greatly reduced, the heat productivity is obviously improved, and even a large area of radiating fins need to be additionally added when the load is large.
The inventor finds that, in the prior art, the load regulation rate and the load dynamic response or the loop sacrifice stability are sacrificed; above-mentioned current scheme two has sacrificed efficiency, has increased calorific capacity, needs additionally to solve the heat dissipation problem. In addition, both solution one and solution two will increase complexity, board area and cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a dc power supply for positive-negative voltage conversion, which realizes conversion from positive to negative power supply without increasing cost and circuit complexity, thereby obtaining the same ultra-low output ripple voltage as the positive power supply.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a positive and negative voltage conversion direct current power supply comprises an input decoupling unit, an input bypass unit, a PWM chopping unit and an output filtering unit which are connected in sequence;
the input decoupling unit is used for decoupling the capacitor;
the input bypass unit is used for providing sudden change current required by chopping for the PWM chopping unit and converting the input current into direct current under the combined action of the input bypass unit and the input decoupling unit;
the PWM chopping unit is used for generating PWM switching chopping signals; the PWM chopping unit comprises two switched-on branches, wherein the first branch is connected with the input decoupling unit in series, and the second branch is connected with the input bypass unit in parallel;
the output filtering unit is used for filtering the output voltage to obtain stable direct current voltage.
A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for controlling a dc power supply for positive and negative voltage conversion.
A control method of a positive and negative voltage conversion direct current power supply comprises the following steps:
the PWM chopping unit generates a PWM switching chopping signal to control the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit to be switched on;
the output filter unit is matched with the preceding stage circuit to convert intermittent chopping voltage into stable direct-current voltage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the improved Buck topological structure is designed, the output and reference ground in the traditional Buck topology are exchanged, meanwhile, in order to avoid the Buck-boost mode entering, the negative electrode of an input capacitor is connected with the output, a decoupling inductor is added at the front end of the input capacitor, the Buck topological structure not only works in the Buck mode, but also breaks the limitation that the traditional Buck can only perform positive and negative voltage transformation, and therefore the advantage that the Buck topological voltage ripple is small is obtained in the positive and negative voltage transformation, the problem that the voltage ripple is large in the normal power positive and negative voltage transformation is solved, the voltage ripple is reduced, the power conversion efficiency is improved, and the application range of the power supply is expanded.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a Buck topology implementation generating a negative power supply with ultra low output voltage ripple;
FIG. 2 is a current path during conduction of the switching tube;
FIG. 3 is a current path during turn-off of the switching tube;
fig. 4 is a waveform of each element current.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
Example 1
The direct current power supply with positive and negative voltage conversion comprises an input decoupling unit, an input bypass unit, a PWM (pulse-width modulation) chopping unit and an output filtering unit which are sequentially connected;
the input decoupling unit is used for decoupling the capacitor;
the input bypass unit is used for providing sudden change current required by chopping for the PWM chopping unit and converting the input current into direct current under the combined action of the input bypass unit and the input decoupling unit;
the PWM chopping unit is used for generating PWM switching chopping signals; the PWM chopping unit comprises two switched-on branches, wherein the first branch is connected with the input decoupling unit in series, and the second branch is connected with the input bypass unit in parallel;
the output filtering unit is used for filtering the output voltage to obtain stable direct current voltage.
In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 1, the input decoupling unit is formed by an inductor L1 and is used for decoupling other capacitors C on the board cardinThe influence on the circuit does not contribute to the switching ripple current of the circuit, so that the circuit is prevented from entering a Buck-Boost mode; the input bypass unit is composed of a capacitor C1 and is used for providing switching current required by conversion, and the switching current and the L1 work together to enable the input current to be approximate to direct current; the PWM chopping unit is composed of a controller U1, a switching tube Q1 and a freewheeling diode D1 and is used for generating PWM switching chopping signals. The output filtering unit is composed of an inductor L2 and a capacitor C2, and is matched with a preceding-stage circuit to convert intermittent chopping voltage into stable direct-current voltage.
In other embodiments, the PWM chopper unit includes a first power switching tube, a second power switching tube, and a controller, where the first power switching tube and the second power switching tube are respectively connected in series to the first branch and the second branch, and both the first power switching tube and the second power switching tube are connected to the controller; the first power switch tube and the second power switch tube are switched on. The first power switch tube and the second power switch tube can be realized by MOS tubes.
Taking the dc power supply with positive and negative voltage conversion shown in fig. 1 as an example, the working principle is as follows:
1. input current IinOutput current IoutAre all direct current according to energy conservation, Iin＝(Vout/Vin)*IoutThe peak-to-peak current value at inductor L2 is Δ I ═ 0.2 × IoutThe direction of current flow for capacitors C1 and C2 is defined as flowing in as "+" and flowing out as "-".
2. Switching on instant of the switching tube Q1: diode D1 changes from on to off; the current of the inductor L2 is at a minimum value Iin+IoutΔ I/2 and switch from D1 to Q1; input current I flowing through inductor L1inSize is unchanged, but is switched from inflow C1 to inflow switching tube Q1; the current of the capacitor C1 flows from the inlet IinSwitching to outflow Iout- Δ I/2; the current on the capacitor C2 is constant and has a value of delta I/2, and flows out of the capacitor; the output current is unchanged. The switched current paths and directions are shown by the bold lines in fig. 2.
3. Switching tube Q1 on period: diode D1 remains off; the voltage drop across the inductor L2 is VinHigh and low, the current increases linearly at a rate di/dt ═ Vin/L2 from Iin+IoutIncrease of- Δ I/2 to Iin+Iout+ Δ I/2; the current of the inductor L1 increases slightly and can be regarded as constant; the voltage of the capacitor C1 is slightly reduced and can be regarded as constant, and the current change follows the current change of the inductor L2 from IoutIncrease in- Δ I/2 to Iout+ Δ I/2; the voltage of the capacitor C2 is slightly increased and can be regarded as constant, the current change also follows the current change of the inductor L2, the current is firstly reduced to 0 from the outflow delta I/2, and then the inflow is increased to delta I/2 from 0; the output current is slightly increased and can be regarded as unchanged.
4. Turning-off instant of the switching tube Q1: diode D1 changes from off to on; the current of the inductor L2 is at a maximum value Iin+Iout+ Δ I/2, and switch from Q1 to D1; input current I flowing through inductor L1inSize is unchanged, but the switch from the inflow switching tube Q1 to the inflow C1; the current of the capacitor C1 flows from the current Iout+ Δ I/2 switch to inflow Iin(ii) a The current on the capacitor C2 is constant and has a value of delta I/2, and flows into the capacitor; the output current is unchanged. The switched current paths and directions are shown by the thick lines in fig. 3:
5. during the off period of the switching tube Q1: diode D1 remains on and current flows from Iin+IoutReduction of + Δ I/2 to Iin+Iout- Δ I/2; the voltage drop across the inductor L2 is VoutLeft low and right high, the current decreases linearly at a rate di/dt ═ Vout/L2 from Iin+IoutReduction of + Δ I/2 to Iin+Iout- Δ I/2; current I of inductor L1inSlightly decreased, can be regarded as unchanged; the voltage of the capacitor C1 is slightly increased and can be regarded as constant, and the current I isinSlightly reduced, and can be regarded as unchanged; the voltage of the capacitor C2 is slightly reduced and can be regarded as constant, the current change also follows the current change of the inductor L2, the current is firstly reduced to 0 from the inflow delta I/2, and then the outflow is increased to delta I/2 from 0; the output current is slightly reduced and can be regarded as unchanged.
In the whole operation process, the current waveforms of the elements are as shown in fig. 4, and only a small ripple current exists on the output capacitor C2, and the peak-to-peak value is Δ I, which is the same as the current ripple component on the inductor L2. Reference formula Vripple＝IrippleESR type medium VrippleTo output a ripple voltage; i isrippleIs the ripple current on the output capacitor; ESR is the equivalent series resistance across the output capacitor. Taking an example that the output rated current is 1A and the ESR of the capacitor C2 is 50m Ω, the peak-to-peak value of the output ripple voltage is only 10 mV. And the peak-to-peak value of the output ripple voltage of the Buck-Boost topology with the same specification and without the addition of secondary filtering reaches 105 mV.
Although the description of the working principle of this part takes an asynchronous Buck topology, for example, the second branch uses a diode as an example, but not limited thereto, the implementation idea is also applicable to the synchronous Buck topology, for example, the second branch uses a power switch tube, and details are not repeated.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A direct current power supply for positive and negative voltage conversion is characterized by comprising an input decoupling unit, an input bypass unit, a PWM (pulse-width modulation) chopping unit and an output filtering unit which are sequentially connected;
the input decoupling unit is used for decoupling the capacitor;
the input bypass unit is used for providing sudden change current required by chopping for the PWM chopping unit and converting the input current into direct current under the combined action of the input bypass unit and the input decoupling unit;
the PWM chopping unit is used for generating PWM switching chopping signals; the PWM chopping unit comprises two switched-on branches, wherein the first branch is connected with the input decoupling unit in series, and the second branch is connected with the input bypass unit in parallel;
when the first branch is switched on and the second branch is switched off:
the current on a second inductor in the output filter unit is the minimum value, and the second branch circuit is switched to the first branch circuit; the input current flowing through the first inductor in the input decoupling unit is unchanged in magnitude but is switched from flowing into the first branch circuit from the first capacitor in the input bypass unit; the difference part of the current in the first inductor and the second inductor is filled by the first capacitor in the input bypass unit, and flows out of the capacitor; the current on a second capacitor in the output filter unit is unchanged and flows out of the capacitor; the output current is unchanged;
the output filtering unit is used for filtering the output voltage to obtain stable direct current voltage.
2. The positive and negative voltage converted dc power supply of claim 1, wherein the input decoupling unit is formed by a first inductor, an input terminal of the first inductor is connected to the dc input power supply, and an output terminal of the first inductor is connected to a connection point of the input bypass unit and the PWM chopper unit.
3. The positive and negative voltage converted dc power supply of claim 1, wherein the input bypass unit is formed of a first capacitor, one end of the first capacitor is connected to the output terminal of the input decoupling unit, and the other end is connected to the negative electrode of the output power supply.
4. The positive and negative voltage converted direct current power supply of claim 1, wherein the PWM chopper unit comprises a power switch tube, a freewheeling diode and a controller, the power switch tube is connected to the controller, the power switch tube is connected in series to the first branch, the freewheeling diode is connected in series to the second branch, and the power switch tube is switched on with the freewheeling diode.
5. The positive-negative voltage converted direct current power supply according to claim 1, wherein the PWM chopper unit comprises a first power switch tube, a second power switch tube, a first controller and a second controller, the first power switch tube and the second power switch tube are respectively connected in series to the first branch and the second branch, and the first power switch tube and the second power switch tube are respectively connected to the first controller and the second controller; the first power switch tube and the second power switch tube are switched on.
6. The positive-negative voltage-converted direct current power supply according to claim 1, wherein the output filter unit is an LC circuit and is composed of a second inductor and a second capacitor connected in series, and a load is connected in parallel to two ends of the second capacitor.
7. The positive-negative voltage-converted direct current power supply of claim 1, wherein the output filter unit is an LRC circuit and is formed by connecting a second inductor, a second capacitor and an equivalent resistor in series, and two ends of the second capacitor and the equivalent resistor connected in series are connected in parallel to a load.
8. A method for controlling a positive-negative voltage-converted direct-current power supply according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising:
the PWM chopping unit generates a PWM switching chopping signal to control the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit to be switched on;
the output filter unit is matched with the preceding stage circuit to convert intermittent chopping voltage into stable direct-current voltage.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein during the time that the first branch is on and the second branch remains off:
the voltage at two ends of a second inductor in the output filter unit is high at the left end and low at the right end, and the current is linearly increased; the first inductive current in the input decoupling unit is unchanged; the voltage of the first capacitor in the input bypass unit is unchanged, and the current change follows the current change of the second inductor; the voltage of a second capacitor in the output filter unit is unchanged, and the current change also follows the current change of a second inductor; the output current is unchanged.
10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein at the moment when the first branch is turned off and the second branch is turned on:
the current on a second inductor in the output filter unit is the maximum value and is switched from the first branch circuit to the second branch circuit; the input current flowing through the first inductor in the input decoupling unit is unchanged in magnitude but is switched from flowing into the first branch circuit to flowing into the first capacitor in the input bypass unit; the current on the second capacitor in the output filter unit is unchanged and flows into the capacitor; the output current is unchanged.
11. The method of claim 8, wherein during the period when the first branch is off and the second branch is on:
the current on the second branch decreases; the voltage at two ends of a second inductor in the output filter unit is low on the left and high on the right, and the current is linearly reduced; the current of the first inductor in the input decoupling unit is unchanged; the voltage of the first capacitor in the input bypass unit is unchanged, and the current is unchanged; the voltage of a second capacitor in the output filter unit is unchanged, and the current change also follows the current change of a second inductor; the output current is unchanged.
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