CN112051054A - Gear positioning device, gear measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a gear positioning device, a gear measuring device and a measuring method, relates to the technical field of motor vehicle gear detection, and solves the technology of how to locate and install the gear and how to detect the odd-numbered gear teeth and the even-numbered gear teeth without replacing the positioning fixture question. It includes a positioning shaft for fixing the gear to be tested, and the positioning shaft is provided with an alignment ball; one side of the gear to be tested is provided with a positioning column; Gear teeth are arranged on the tenon. The invention fixes the position of the gear to be tested by the positioning shaft, and then prevents the gear to be tested from rotating through the locking pin on the positioning column, which solves the problem of positioning and installation of the gear to be tested. When the number of teeth of the gear to be tested is an odd number, the gear to be tested can be locked by inserting the tenon of the gear teeth into the tooth slot; Lock the gear to be tested to meet the detection requirements of odd and even teeth.

Description

A gear positioning device, gear measuring device and measuring method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of detection of motor vehicle gears, in particular to a gear positioning device, a gear measuring device and a measuring method.

Background technique

From the perspective of the structure of electric vehicles, the operating efficiency of the motor is particularly important, and the design of the multi-speed transmission is an important factor to ensure the operating efficiency of the motor. The combination of the transmission ratio and shifting strategy of the multi-speed transmission can greatly improve the motor efficiency of electric vehicles, thereby achieving many advantages such as high operation, long mileage, low loss, and low waste.

Synchronizer is a complex and key part in transmission, gear sleeve and combined tooth are complex and key parts in synchronizer, and reverse taper and plum angle process are complex and key process procedures of gear sleeve. Synchronizers are constantly developing in a more precise direction in terms of design and processing inspection. The inspection accuracy of the plume angle of the gear sleeve determines the finished product accuracy of the parts. In the prior art, most automobile companies use a surface roughness profiler or a digital dial indicator to detect the plume angle or reverse taper of the tooth sleeve and the combined tooth, but the number of gear teeth of the tooth sleeve or the combined tooth is divided into odd and even. Different positioning fixtures need to be used for gears with different numbers of teeth, and frequent replacement of positioning fixtures leads to lower detection efficiency of the synchronizer. In addition, for different positioning fixtures, the first thing that needs to be determined is the measurement reference point when detecting the teeth of the gear. However, most of the detection gears in the prior art are detected by manually selecting measurement reference points, which leads to a large error in the detection results, which is not conducive to improving the detection accuracy of the gears.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art. In the first aspect, a gear positioning device is provided to solve how to position and install the gear and how to detect the odd-numbered gear teeth and the even-numbered gear teeth without changing the positioning fixture. technical problem.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is:

A gear positioning device for positioning the gear to be tested, comprising:

a positioning shaft, the gear to be measured is sleeved on the positioning shaft, and the top of the positioning shaft is provided with an alignment ball for determining the measurement center;

a positioning column, arranged on one side of the gear to be tested; and,

a locking pin, mounted on the positioning column, and the locking pin is located on one side of the gear teeth of the gear to be tested;

Wherein, the locking pin is provided with a tooth tenon which is adapted to the tooth groove of the gear to be tested, and the gear tenon is provided with a wheel which is adapted to the tooth of the gear to be tested. A tooth eye, so that the locking pin is selectively inserted into the gear tooth slot, or is clamped on the gear tooth.

On the basis of the above technical solutions, the gear positioning device can also be improved as follows.

Optionally, the positioning column is provided with a locking groove, the locking pin is installed in the locking groove, an elastic member is installed between the positioning column and the locking pin, and the elastic A piece pushes the locking pin into the gear tooth slot or on the gear tooth.

Optionally, a stopper is provided at the tail of the locking pin, and the locking pin is installed in the locking groove through the stopper after passing through the positioning column.

Optionally, the positioning shaft is covered with a bushing that matches the inner diameter of the gear to be measured, and the bushing is covered with a spacer, and the spacer makes the gear teeth of the gear to be measured located in the position of the locking pin.

Optionally, the positioning shaft is also covered with a pressing sheet, and the pressing sheet presses the gear to be measured on the gasket along the axial direction of the positioning shaft.

Optionally, both the positioning shaft and the positioning column are connected with a base, and the base is further provided with a connection hole for connecting with a workbench of the surface roughness profiler.

In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a gear measuring device, comprising a surface roughness profiler and the above-mentioned gear positioning device, wherein the gear positioning device is installed on a workbench of the surface roughness profiler, and the surface roughness The probe on the profilometer measures the gear to be tested.

In a third aspect, the present invention also provides a gear measurement method, using the above-mentioned gear measurement device, comprising the following steps:

S1. Determine that the transmission direction of the table of the surface roughness profiler is the Y direction, determine that the axial direction of the positioning axis is the Z direction, and determine that the directions perpendicular to the Y direction and the Z direction are the X direction;

S2. Fix the gear to be measured on the positioning shaft, lock the gear to be measured through the locking pin, and fix the gear positioning device on the worktable;

S3. Determine the position of the center of the alignment sphere on the Z-direction extension line through the stylus of the surface roughness profiler;

S4. The gear to be tested moves along the Y direction with the worktable. When the gear teeth of the gear to be tested move to the position of the stylus, the stylus moves in the X and Z directions. to measure the profile curve of the gear to be tested.

On the basis of the above technical solutions, the gear measurement method can also be improved as follows.

Optionally, the step S3 includes the following steps:

S31, the stylus arbitrarily pulls three curves along the X direction on the alignment ball;

S32, the highest points of the three curves measured by the stylus are A, B, and C respectively;

S33, determine a circular section located on the alignment sphere through the three points A, B, and C, and the intersection line of the circular section and the alignment sphere is a curve S;

S34. Measure the highest point of the curve S through the stylus.

Optionally, in the step S2:

When the number of teeth of the gear to be tested is an odd number, the locking pin is rotated and inserted into the tooth groove of the gear to be tested through the tooth tenon; or,

When the number of teeth of the gear to be tested is an even number, the locking pin is rotated to be clamped on the teeth of the gear to be tested through the tooth eye.

Compared with the prior art, the gear positioning device provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The present invention fixes the position of the gear to be measured through the positioning shaft, and then prevents the rotation of the gear to be measured through the locking pin on the positioning column, which solves the problem of positioning and installation of the gear to be measured. When the number of teeth of the gear to be tested is an odd number, the gear to be tested can be locked by inserting the tenon of the gear teeth into the tooth slot; when the number of teeth of the gear to be tested is an even number, it can be also Lock the gear to be tested to meet the detection requirements of odd and even teeth. At the same time, the locking pin of the present invention can rotate at any angle to adapt to the gear teeth of different inclination angles, not only has a wide range of use, but also is simple and convenient to operate, and can improve the work efficiency of the synchronizer detection;

2. In the present invention, the position of the center of the alignment ball is determined by the stylus, and the extension line of the center of the ball in the Z direction is used as the measurement reference line for the detection of the gear teeth. The inverted cone or plum angle parameters of the tooth sleeve and the combined tooth are detected, which avoids the detection step of manually selecting the measurement reference point, and improves the accuracy of gear detection. At the same time, with the action of the surface roughness profiler controlled by the computer, the automatic positioning and automatic measurement of the gear to be measured can also be realized.

Description of drawings

In order to explain the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is the exploded structure schematic diagram of the gear positioning device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the combined structure schematic diagram of the gear positioning device of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of the gear measuring device of the present invention measuring the gear to be measured;

Fig. 4 is another structural schematic diagram of the gear measuring device of the present invention measuring the gear to be measured;

Fig. 5 is another structural schematic diagram of the gear measuring device of the present invention measuring the gear to be measured;

Fig. 6 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the locking pin in Fig. 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of locking the locking pin and the gear to be tested in FIG. 3;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the stylus pulling three curves arbitrarily on the setting ball;

Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of determining the measurement center by three highest points;

Fig. 10 is a flow chart of the gear measurement method of the present invention.

In the picture:

1—gear to be tested; 2—positioning shaft; 21—aligning ball; 3—positioning column; 31—locking groove; 4—locking pin; 41—gear tenon; 42—gear tooth eye; 43—limiting position 5—Elastic part; 6—Sleeve; 7—Gasket; 8—Base; 81—Connecting hole; 9—Styli.

Detailed ways

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementations obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

The present invention provides a gear positioning device, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 , comprising a positioning shaft 2 , a positioning column 3 and a locking pin 4 . The shaft hole of the gear 1 to be tested is sleeved on the positioning shaft 2, so that the gear 1 to be tested is fixed on the plane. According to the size of the shaft hole of the gear 1 to be tested, a bushing 6 with a suitable size can be selected to be sleeved on the positioning shaft 2, so that the gear 1 to be tested is stably fixed. A hemispherical alignment ball 21 is arranged on the top of the positioning shaft 2 , and the center of the alignment ball 21 is located on the axis of the positioning shaft 2 , which is convenient for determining the measurement center of the tooth 1 to be measured.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 , the positioning column 3 is arranged on one side of the gear 1 to be tested, the positioning column 3 is provided with a locking groove 31 , and the locking pin 4 is installed in the locking groove 31 . As shown in FIG. 6 , in particular, the head of the locking pin 4 is a gear tooth tenon 41 with a wedge-shaped structure, and the gear tooth tenon 41 can be inserted into the gear tooth groove of the gear 1 to be tested. At the same time, a V-shaped gear eyelet 42 is opened on the gear tooth tenon 41 , and the gear tooth eyelet 42 can be clamped on the gear tooth of the gear 1 to be tested.

When the number of teeth of the gear to be tested 1 is odd, the gear to be tested 1 can be locked by inserting the tooth tenon 41 into the tooth slot. When the number of teeth of the gear 1 to be tested is an even number, the locking pin 4 is rotated, and the gear 1 to be tested can also be locked by being clamped on the gear teeth through the gear tooth eye 42, which ensures that the gear to be tested 1 is locked on the locking pin 4 The extension direction of the gear teeth is not the gear tooth slot, so as to facilitate the measurement of the gear 1 to be tested.

The design of the locking pin 4 of the present invention can satisfy both the measurement of odd-numbered gear teeth and the measurement of even-numbered gear teeth. At the same time, when the gear teeth of the gear 1 to be tested are helical teeth, the locking pin 4 of the present invention can be fixed by rotating any angle to adapt to the gear teeth of different inclination angles, and is also applicable to the helix of odd or even gear teeth. tooth.

As shown in FIG. 7 , an elastic member 5 is installed between the positioning column 3 and the locking pin 4 , and the elastic member 5 can be a spring, a disc spring or a shrapnel, so that the locking pin 4 is under the elastic action of the elastic member 5 Push it into the gear tooth slot or on the gear tooth of the gear 1 to be tested. A limiting member 43 is provided at the tail of the locking pin 4 , and the limiting member 43 can be a structure such as a stop rod or a baffle plate. . Of course, according to the different structural forms of the locking pin 4, the locking groove 31 can be designed in the form of a blind hole or a through hole.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , the bushing 6 is also covered with a washer 7 , and the gear 1 to be tested is sleeved on the positioning shaft 2 and located above the washer 7 . The washer 7 enables the teeth of the gear 1 to be tested to be located at the position of the extension line of the locking pin 4 , so that the locking pin 4 pushes the teeth of the gear to be tested 1 . In particular, a pressing piece (not shown in the figure) is also provided on the top of the gear 1 to be tested, and the pressing piece is transitionally connected to the positioning shaft 2, so that the gear 1 to be tested can be pressed against the pad along the axial direction of the positioning shaft 2. on slice 7. Of course, according to the different thicknesses of different gears, a larger number of spacers 7 can be selected.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , a base 8 is provided at the bottom of the positioning shaft 2 and the positioning column 3 , and the base 8 is a disc-shaped structure. The positioning shaft 2 is located at the center of the base 8 , and the positioning column 3 is located at the edge of the base 8 . A connecting hole 81 is also opened on the base 8, so that the gear positioning device can be installed on the workbench of the surface roughness profiler after passing through the connecting hole 81 through a bolt. Of course, the positioning shaft 2 and the positioning column 3 can also be respectively connected to the workbench of the surface roughness profiler.

It can be understood that, according to different specifications of the gears, by selecting different sizes and quantities of bushings 6 and spacers 7, gears 1 to be tested of different specifications can be installed in the same gear positioning device. Through this structural design, the present invention can position and install gears 1 with different numbers of teeth, different inclination angles, and gears 1 of different sizes to be tested, which not only has a wide range of use, but also is simple and convenient to operate.

Example 2:

The present invention also provides a gear measuring device, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 , comprising a surface roughness profiler and the above-mentioned gear positioning device. A table and a stylus 9 are arranged on the surface roughness profiler. The gear positioning device is installed on the worktable through the connecting hole 81 on the base 8, and the stylus 9 on the surface roughness profiler measures the gear 1 to be measured.

The stylus 9 is in contact with the gear teeth of the gear 1 to be measured, and transmits the contact information to the sensing part on the main body of the surface roughness profiler. During the measurement process, the stylus 9 slides at a constant speed relative to the surface of the gear teeth of the gear 1 to be measured, so as to feel the geometric changes of the measured surface. The host of the surface roughness profiler converts the information sampled by the stylus 9 into electrical signals, which are amplified and processed into digital signals and stored in the memory of the computer system.

The computer system performs digital filtering on the surface information of the gear 1 to be tested, separates the surface roughness components of the gear 1 to be tested, and then calculates. The measurement result is the calculated actual value conforming to a certain curve and the coordinate value away from the measurement center, or the enlarged actual contour curve. The final measurement result is output through the display or printer. In general, the stylus 9 moves the sampling along the axial direction of the positioning shaft 2 and the vertical direction of the moving direction of the table.

Example 3:

The present invention also provides a gear measurement method, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 10 , using the above-mentioned gear measurement device. First, determine the transmission direction of the worktable of the surface roughness profiler as the Y direction, determine the axial direction of the positioning axis 2 as the Z direction, and determine the direction perpendicular to the Y direction and the Z direction as the X direction, that is, to establish a three-dimensional relationship with XYZ. space coordinate system.

Then, the gear 1 to be tested is positioned and installed on the positioning shaft 2. At this time, the number and size of bushings 6 , spacers 7 and pressing pieces can be selected according to the specifications of the gear to be tested 1 to fix the gear to be tested 1 . When the number of teeth of the gear to be tested is an odd number, the locking pin 4 is rotated and inserted into the tooth slot of the gear to be tested 1 through the tooth tenon 41 to lock the gear to be tested 1 . Alternatively, when the number of teeth of the gear 1 to be tested is an even number, the locking pin 4 is rotated to be clamped on the teeth of the gear to be tested 1 through the gear eye 42 to lock the gear to be tested 1 . Then, the gear positioning device is fixed on the workbench through the connecting hole 81, and the direction of the extension line of the locking pin 4 is the same as the transmission direction of the workbench.

As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , it is important to determine the position of the center of the alignment sphere 21 on the extension line in the Z direction through the stylus 9 of the surface roughness profiler. The center of the alignment sphere 21 is the XYZ three-dimensional space. The origin of the coordinate system. Specifically, the stylus 9 is arbitrarily drawn along the X direction on the setting ball 21 to draw three curves. Since the stylus 9 moves along the X and Z directions, it is equivalent to intercepting the alignment sphere 21 with three planes parallel to the XZ plane. The three planes intersect with the surface of the alignment ball 21 to form three curves. The highest points of the three curves that can be measured by the stylus 9 are A, B, and C, respectively, that is, the three points A, B, and C are respectively Z in the three curves. to the point with the largest value.

At this time, since the alignment sphere 21 is a hemispherical structure, the distances between each point on the surface of the alignment sphere 21 and the center of the sphere are the same. It is not difficult to find that the X-coordinate distances of the three points A, B, and C are equal, and the plane where the three points A, B, and C are located is the YZ plane. Using the principle of determining a circle with three points, a circular section on the alignment sphere 21 can be determined through the three points A, B, and C. The intersecting line of the circular section and the alignment sphere 21 is a curve S, and the highest point of the curve S can be measured by the stylus 9 . Then the connection line between the center of the sphere and the highest point of the curve S is the extension line of the center of the sphere in the Z direction, and this extension line is used as the measurement center line. Repeating the above steps can improve the positioning accuracy of the measurement centerline.

Finally, the gear 1 to be tested moves along the Y direction with the worktable. When the gear teeth of the gear 1 to be tested move to the position of the stylus 9, the stylus 9 moves in the X and Z directions for sampling, and the measurement of the gear 1 to be tested can be measured. contour curve. The measurement result is automatically enlarged into the actual contour curve in the computer system, and the size of the included angle of the gear 1 to be measured can be obtained by calculating the included angle of the curve. In the same way, the size of the included angle of the inverted cone of the gear 1 to be tested can also be measured.

In the gear measurement method of the present invention, three curves are arbitrarily selected on the setting sphere 21, the circular section is determined by the three highest points of the three curves, and the highest point of the circular section is used as the measurement center line. The step of manually selecting reference measurement points is avoided, thereby avoiding the problem of low precision caused by manual selection. The present invention only needs to install the gear 1 to be measured on the gear positioning device, click the start measurement button on the computer, the stylus 9 can automatically determine the measurement centerline, and the selection accuracy of the measurement centerline is high and the degree of automation is high. Not only can a fully automated measurement process be realized, but also the detection accuracy of the synchronizer gear sleeve and the combined tooth can be improved, the gear shift sticking can be reduced, and the gear shift smoothness can be improved.

It can be understood that, the gear measurement method of the present invention can also drive the alignment ball 21 to move along the Y direction through the worktable of the surface roughness profiler, so that the stylus 9 is relative to the alignment ball 21 along the Y direction in the alignment ball 21. Draw three curves arbitrarily. Then, the highest points of the three curves are measured by the stylus 9, and the three highest points can determine the circular section in the XZ plane. Extension cord.

The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A gear positioning device for positioning a gear (1) to be measured, comprising:

the gear to be measured (1) is sleeved on the positioning shaft (2), and an alignment ball (21) used for determining a measurement center is arranged at the top of the positioning shaft (2);

the positioning column (3) is arranged on one side of the gear (1) to be detected; and the number of the first and second groups,

the locking pin (4) is arranged on the positioning column (3), and the locking pin (4) is positioned on one side of the gear teeth of the gear (1) to be measured;

wherein, be provided with on lock round pin (4) with gear teeth groove phase adaptation's of the gear teeth tenon (41) of gear (1) that awaits measuring, be provided with on gear teeth tenon (41) with gear teeth eye (42) of the gear teeth phase adaptation of gear (1) that awaits measuring makes lock round pin (4) selective insertion in the gear teeth groove, perhaps, the joint is in on the gear teeth.

2. The gear positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that a locking groove (31) is formed in the positioning column (3), the locking pin (4) is installed in the locking groove (31), an elastic member (5) is installed between the positioning column (3) and the locking pin (4), and the elastic member (5) pushes the locking pin (4) in the gear groove or on the gear tooth.

3. The gear positioning device according to claim 2, wherein a limiting member (43) is disposed at the tail of the locking pin (4), and the locking pin (4) is installed in the locking groove (31) in a limiting manner through the limiting member (43) after penetrating through the positioning column (3).

4. The gear positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that the positioning shaft (2) is sleeved with a bushing (6) matched with the inner diameter of the gear (1) to be measured, the bushing (6) is sleeved with a gasket (7), and the gasket (7) enables the gear teeth of the gear (1) to be measured to be located at the position of the locking pin (4).

5. The gear positioning device according to claim 4, characterized in that the positioning shaft (2) is further externally sleeved with a pressing sheet, and the pressing sheet presses the gear (1) to be measured on the gasket (7) along the axial direction of the positioning shaft (2).

6. Gear positioning device according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the positioning shaft (2) and the positioning column (3) are connected with a base (8), said base (8) being further provided with a connection hole (81) for connection with a work table of a surface roughness profiler.

7. A gear measuring device, characterized by comprising a surface roughness profiler and a gear positioning device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the gear positioning device being mounted on a table of the surface roughness profiler, a stylus (9) on the surface roughness profiler measuring the gear (1) to be measured.

8. A gear measuring method characterized by using the gear measuring apparatus of claim 7, comprising the steps of:

s1, determining the transmission direction of a workbench of the surface roughness profiler as the Y direction, determining the axial direction of the positioning shaft (2) as the Z direction, and determining the directions respectively vertical to the Y direction and the Z direction as the X direction;

s2, fixing the gear (1) to be tested on the positioning shaft (2), locking the gear (1) to be tested through the locking pin (4), and fixing the gear positioning device on the workbench;

s3, determining the position of the center of the alignment ball (21) in the Z direction extension line through a measuring pin (9) of the surface roughness profile gauge;

s4, the gear (1) to be measured moves along the Y direction along the workbench, and when the gear teeth of the gear (1) to be measured move to the position of the measuring needle (9), the measuring needle (9) moves upwards in the X direction and the Z direction to measure the profile curve of the gear (1) to be measured.

9. The gear measuring method according to claim 8, wherein the step S3 includes the steps of:

s31, arbitrarily drawing three curves on the alignment ball (21) along the X direction by the measuring needle (9);

s32, respectively measuring the highest points of the three curves to be A, B, C through the measuring needle (9);

s33, determining a circular section on the alignment ball (21) through the A, B, C three-point, wherein the intersection line of the circular section and the alignment ball (21) is a curve S;

and S34, measuring the highest point of the curve S through the measuring needle (9).

10. The gear measuring method according to claim 8, wherein in step S2:

when the number of the gear teeth of the gear (1) to be tested is odd, the locking pin (4) is rotated and is inserted into the gear tooth groove of the gear (1) to be tested through the gear tooth tenon (41); or,

when the teeth of a cogwheel quantity of gear (1) that awaits measuring is the even number, rotates locking round pin (4), through teeth of a cogwheel eye (42) joint is in on the teeth of a cogwheel of gear (1) that awaits measuring.

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