CN112050631A - Tunnel kiln system for firing ceramsite and ceramsite firing method - Google Patents
Tunnel kiln system for firing ceramsite and ceramsite firing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112050631A CN112050631A CN202010880597.9A CN202010880597A CN112050631A CN 112050631 A CN112050631 A CN 112050631A CN 202010880597 A CN202010880597 A CN 202010880597A CN 112050631 A CN112050631 A CN 112050631A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/12—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity with special arrangements for preheating or cooling the charge
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
- F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
- F27B9/26—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on or in trucks, sleds, or containers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
- F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
- F27D17/004—Systems for reclaiming waste heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D9/00—Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a tunnel kiln system for firing ceramsite and a ceramsite firing method, which are used for solving the problems of low ceramsite firing yield, low finished product rate and high energy consumption in the prior art. The tunnel kiln system comprises a totally enclosed kiln body consisting of a material distribution drying section, a preheating section, a firing section, a soaking section, a cooling section and a tail cooling section, and smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air duct systems are arranged below and above the kiln. According to the invention, the kiln body is divided into different up-down ventilation areas through the air ports arranged at the lower part and the air boxes arranged at the upper part of the kiln, and two internal thermal cycles are completed simultaneously, so that the partitioned recovery and the controllable utilization of high-temperature waste heat are realized; the two sides of the kiln car are provided with high-temperature cast iron breast boards, the bottom of the kiln car is paved with a high-temperature cast iron grate board, and the haydite on the kiln car is ventilated up and down to realize static firing; the whole furnace body is of a fully-closed structure, the problems of air leakage, heat loss, low yield of ceramsite caused by temperature gradient and the like are solved, and the furnace is high in yield, low in energy consumption, balanced in temperature control and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ceramic product firing and kilns, and particularly relates to a tunnel kiln system for firing ceramsite and a ceramsite firing method.
Background
The firing of ceramic articles in industry generally employs tunnel kilns, rotary kilns or sintering machines. The external combustion type tunnel kiln for firing the baked bricks realizes the flow of high-temperature combustion flue gas in the middle only through the air suction ports close to the tops of the two sides of the inlet and the outlet, and can not control the heating/cooling heat requirements of green bodies in different stages, so that the green bodies can not reach the optimal state in each stage, and the energy can not be distributed according to the requirements, therefore, the green body performance, the yield and the raw material adaptability are poor, and the heat utilization rate is low.
The traditional sintered ceramsite adopts a rotary kiln or sintering machine process. The ceramsite is fired by adopting the rotary kiln, although the rotary kiln is environment-friendly and adjustable in temperature, the ceramsite is heated from the kiln head, high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the kiln tail, the heat exchange process of the flue gas and the ceramsite in the whole process is determined according to the length and the rotating speed of the rotary kiln and is not determined according to the requirement of a material heating process, the filling rate is only 10% of the volume in the kiln, the heat efficiency is low, the energy consumption is high, and the yield is low; meanwhile, the requirement on the strength of the ceramsite raw material is high, otherwise, the breakage rate is high in the overturning process in the rotary kiln, and the yield is low. The sintering machine is used for sintering the ceramsite, the sintering machine adopts an internal combustion heating mode, the product types are mostly low-end products, the ceramsite is exposed in the air in the sintering process, the heat loss is large, and the yield is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a tunnel kiln system for firing ceramsite, which divides a kiln body into different up-and-down ventilation areas through an air port arranged at the lower part of the kiln and an air box arranged at the upper part of the kiln, simultaneously realizes two thermal cycles in the kiln, realizes the subarea controllable utilization and the high-efficiency recycling of high-temperature waste heat, saves energy, and simultaneously has high heat quantity, tunnel kiln yield and ceramsite quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel kiln system for firing ceramic particles, including: the kiln comprises a kiln car, a kiln body, a return subsystem, a kiln head distributing subsystem, a burner combustion chamber, a distributed control subsystem DCS and a smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air channel subsystem; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the kiln body is totally enclosed and comprises a material distribution drying section, a preheating section, a firing section, a soaking section, a cooling section and a tail cooling section, and smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air duct subsystems are arranged below and above the kiln;
the exhaust smoke and waste heat recovery air channel subsystem comprises: the first air port is arranged below the cloth drying section; the second air ports are arranged below the drying section and the preheating section, the third air ports are arranged below the sintering section and the soaking section, the fourth air ports are arranged below the cooling section and the tail cooling section, the first air box is arranged above the cloth drying section, the second air boxes are arranged above the drying section and the drying section, the third air box is arranged above the cooling section, and the fourth air box is arranged above the tail cooling section; the first air box is communicated with the environment-friendly treatment system and the chimney, the second air box is communicated with a third air port, the third air box is communicated with the burner combustion chamber, the fourth air box is communicated with the first air port, the second air port is communicated with the environment-friendly treatment system and the chimney, and the fourth air port is communicated with the atmosphere;
the burner combustion chamber is arranged above the preheating section, the sintering section and the soaking section;
when the tunnel kiln system is adopted for firing ceramsite, the DCS starts the smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air channel subsystem, the fourth air port blows air to enter the cooling section and the tail cooling section, the fourth air box blows air to enter the cloth drying section through the first air port below the kiln, and the first air box blows air above the cloth drying section to discharge air to the environment-friendly treatment system and the chimney, so that first smoke circulation is realized; the cooling section is used for exhausting air to enter a burner combustion chamber, the third air port is used for exhausting air to enter the drying section through a second air box, and the second air port is used for exhausting air in the drying section and the preheating section to an environment-friendly treatment system and a chimney to realize second flue gas circulation; igniting the burner combustion chamber, and preheating the kiln body; the ceramic particles are distributed in the kiln car through a kiln head distribution subsystem; when the kiln body reaches the preset temperature, the kiln car enters a material distribution drying section in the kiln under the traction of a return subsystem, and sequentially enters a drying section, a preheating section, a firing section, a soaking section, a cooling section and a tail cooling section, and finally exits the kiln from the tail cooling section to finish firing the ceramsite.
As a further improvement of the invention, the kiln car is provided with high-temperature cast iron breast boards at two sides and a high-temperature cast iron grate board at the bottom, and the ceramsite is distributed in the kiln car to realize static firing.
As a further improvement of the invention, the kiln car is expanded to realize yield expansion, the form of the high-temperature flue gas circulating system is kept unchanged, and the number and the area of the bellows for circulating the high-temperature flue gas at each section are increased according to the expansion amount of the kiln car.
As a further improvement of the invention, the tuyere and the bellows are arranged on the kiln through a sealing slideway.
As a further improvement of the invention, the third tuyere is simultaneously connected with the first tuyere; when the heat carried by the air pumped out by the fourth air box of the tail cooling section is less, a part of high-temperature flue gas pumped out from the third air port is sent into the first air port.
As a further improvement of the invention, the third air port is communicated with the environment-friendly treatment system and the chimney at the same time, and when the air heat pumped out by the third air port is higher than that required by the circulating system, the residual high-temperature flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere.
As a further improvement of the invention, the third tuyere is used as a heat source and is connected with other heating systems.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present invention further provides a ceramsite firing method, where the firing method includes:
placing ceramsite into a kiln car with high-temperature cast iron breast boards on two sides and a high-temperature cast iron grate board laid at the bottom;
the kiln car enters a material distribution drying section of the kiln along a return line through a kiln head ferry car; blowing high-temperature flue gas from a tail cooling section into the lower part of the cloth drying section, and pumping cold air out of the upper part of the cloth drying section to discharge the cold air into the atmosphere to realize first flue gas circulation;
the kiln car enters a drying section, high-temperature flue gas exhausted from a sintering section and a soaking section is blown into the upper part of the drying section through an air box, and cold air is pumped out from the lower part of the drying section and exhausted into the atmosphere, so that second flue gas circulation is realized;
the kiln car enters a preheating section, the upper part of the preheating section is a combustion chamber, and high-temperature flue gas introduced into the combustion chamber preheats the ceramsite; the high-temperature flue gas is circulated between a kiln car breast board and a grate board which are filled with the ceramsite by up-down ventilation, and the ceramsite is uniformly heated;
the kiln car enters a firing section, the upper part of the firing section is provided with a combustion chamber which provides heat for sintering the ceramsite, and combustion-supporting air of the combustion chamber adopts high-temperature flue gas of a cooling section; leading the high-temperature flue gas of the sintering section to the drying section by a fan through a lower air inlet; the high-temperature flue gas is circulated between a kiln car breast board and a grate board which are filled with the ceramsite by up-down ventilation, and the ceramsite is uniformly heated;
the kiln car enters a soaking section, the upper part of the firing section is a combustion chamber, high-temperature smoke is introduced into the combustion chamber, and the ceramsite is heated to obtain enough heat preservation time and reaction time, so that the strength of the ceramsite is increased; leading the high-temperature flue gas in the soaking section to the drying section by a fan through a lower air inlet; the high-temperature flue gas is circulated between a kiln car breast board and a grate board which are filled with the ceramsite by up-down ventilation, and the ceramsite is uniformly heated;
the kiln car enters a cooling section, and ambient cold air is blown into the cooling section to cool the ceramsite; high-temperature flue gas generated by heat exchange is sent into a combustion chamber to be used as combustion-supporting air of fuel;
the kiln car enters the tail cooling section, the ceramsite is forcibly cooled by ambient cold air, and the temperature is continuously reduced; the generated high-temperature flue gas is used as a heat source of a cloth drying section;
after the kiln car is discharged from the tail cold section, the kiln car enters a tipper, and the ceramic particles are poured into a crusher to separate the adhered ceramic particles, so that the ceramic particle firing is completed; the empty kiln car after the ceramic aggregate is poured out is transferred to a return line through a ferry car, returns to the kiln head and enters the next firing cycle.
As a further improvement of the invention, the raw material of the ceramsite adopts a raw material with a calorific value or a mixture of the raw material and fuel to provide an internal heat source for firing the ceramsite.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the tunnel kiln system for firing ceramsite, the kiln body is divided into different up-down ventilation areas through the air ports arranged at the lower part and the air boxes arranged at the upper part of the kiln, so that the subarea controllable utilization and the efficient recycling of high-temperature waste heat are realized; by forced air draft of a specific air box area, high-temperature flue gas can pass through ceramsite and a kiln car cast iron grate plate to realize forced heat exchange; the third air port performs forced air cooling heat exchange through strong refrigeration air to obtain high-temperature flue gas and the high-temperature flue gas is used for combustion or drying; the whole furnace body is of a totally-enclosed structure, so that the problems of air leakage, heat loss, low finished product rate of ceramsite caused by temperature gradient and the like are solved; the kiln is heated by adopting an external combustion or external combustion plus internal combustion mode, so that the temperature distribution in a sintering area is easy to adjust, and high-quality ceramsite is prepared. The novel tunnel kiln disclosed by the invention is large in yield, low in energy consumption, balanced in temperature control, green and environment-friendly, solves the problems of the traditional way for preparing ceramsite, such as the tunnel kiln and the rotary kiln, and has a wide application prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel kiln system for firing ceramic particles according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a kiln car according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical problems, aspects and advantages of the invention will be explained in detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments. The following exemplary embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The embodiment of the invention provides a tunnel kiln system for firing ceramsite, which is a high-temperature industrial kiln system. As shown in fig. 1, the tunnel kiln system for firing ceramic granules comprises: the kiln comprises a kiln body 10, a kiln car 20, a return subsystem, a kiln head material distribution subsystem, a burner combustion chamber 30, a smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air channel subsystem 40 and a Distributed Control Subsystem (DCS).
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural view of the kiln car 20. As shown in the figures 1 and 2, the kiln car 20 is provided with high-temperature cast iron baffle plates 21 at two sides and high-temperature cast iron grid plates 22 at the bottom, and ceramsite is distributed in the kiln car 20 to realize static firing. Meanwhile, the kiln car with the baffle plates 21 and the grate plates 22 is suitable for various raw materials, the types of the used raw materials are expanded, the capacity of the kiln car can be changed according to actual needs, and the breakage rate of the ceramsite is reduced.
As shown in fig. 1, the kiln body 10 is totally enclosed, and includes a material distribution drying section 11, a drying section 12, a preheating section 13, a firing section 14, a soaking section 15, a cooling section 16 and a tail cooling section 17, and a smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air duct subsystem 40 is arranged below and above the kiln.
The smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air channel subsystem 40 comprises a first air port 41 arranged below the cloth drying section; a second air port 42 arranged below the drying section and the preheating section, a third air port 43 arranged below the sintering section and the soaking section, a fourth air port 44 arranged below the cooling section and the tail cooling section, a first air box 45 arranged above the cloth drying section, a second air box 46 arranged above the drying section and the drying section, a third air box 47 arranged above the cooling section, and a fourth air box 48 arranged above the tail cooling section; the first air box 45 is communicated with the environment-friendly treatment system and a chimney, the second air box 46 is communicated with the third air opening 43, the third air box 47 is communicated with the burner combustion chamber 30, the fourth air box 48 is communicated with the first air opening 41, the second air opening 42 is communicated with the environment-friendly treatment system and the chimney, and the fourth air opening 44 is communicated with the atmosphere. The tuyere and the bellows are arranged on the kiln body through a sealing slideway.
The burner combustion chamber 30 is arranged above the preheating section 13, the burning section 14 and the soaking section 15.
The return subsystem and the kiln head material distribution subsystem are both in the prior art and are not described herein again.
The distributed control subsystem is simultaneously connected with the kiln car 20, the return subsystem, the kiln head distribution subsystem, the burner combustion chamber 30 and the smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air duct subsystem 40 to control the production process.
When the tunnel kiln system of the embodiment is adopted for firing ceramsite, the DCS starts the smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air channel subsystem 40, the fourth air port 44 blows air to enter the cooling section 16 and the tail cooling section 17, the fourth air box 48 blows air to enter the cloth drying section 11 through the first air port 41 below the kiln, and the first air box 45 above the cloth drying section 11 blows air to exhaust air to the environment-friendly treatment system and the chimney, so that first smoke circulation is realized; the air draft of the cooling section 16 enters the burner combustion chamber 30, the air draft of the third air opening 43 is blown into the drying section 12 through the second air box 46, the air draft of the second air opening 42 discharges the air of the drying section 12 and the air of the preheating section 13 into the environment-friendly treatment system and a chimney, and second flue gas circulation is realized; igniting the burner combustion chamber 30, and preheating the kiln body 10; the ceramic particles are distributed in the kiln car 20 through the kiln head distribution subsystem; when the kiln body 10 reaches the preset temperature, the kiln car 20 enters the material distribution drying section 11 in the kiln under the traction of the return subsystem, and sequentially enters the drying section 12, the preheating section 13, the firing section 14, the soaking section 15, the cooling section 16 and the tail cooling section 17, and finally exits the kiln 10 from the tail cooling section 17 to finish firing the ceramsite.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third tuyere 43 is connected to the first tuyere 41 at the same time; when the heat quantity carried by the high-temperature flue gas extracted from the fourth wind box 48 of the tail cooling section 17 is less, a part of the high-temperature flue gas extracted from the third wind port 43 is sent to the first wind port 41.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third tuyere 43 is simultaneously communicated with the atmosphere, and when the wind heat extracted by the third tuyere 43 is higher than that required by the smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air duct subsystem, the residual high-temperature smoke is exhausted into the atmosphere. At this time, the residual high temperature flue gas in the third tuyere 43 can also be used as a heat source to be connected with other heating systems.
When the kiln car 20 is expanded and the yield is enlarged, the form of the high-temperature flue gas system of the smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air duct remains unchanged, only the number and the area of the air boxes for circulating high-temperature flue gas at each section are increased, high-quality firing under large yield is realized through DCS control, and meanwhile, the temperature is more uniform and the yield is high due to the firing in the kiln.
Preferably, the raw material of the ceramsite adopts a raw material with a heat value or a mixture of the raw material and fuel, and an internal heat source is provided for firing the ceramsite. The fuel is thermal value raw materials such as coal gangue, sludge, oil sludge and the like contained in the ceramsite. At this time, the external combustion and internal combustion modes are formed.
In the embodiment, the kiln body is divided into different up-down ventilation areas through the air ports arranged at the lower part and the air boxes arranged at the upper part of the kiln, so that the subarea controllable utilization and the efficient recycling of high-temperature waste heat are realized; by forced air draft of a specific air box area, high-temperature flue gas can pass through ceramsite and a kiln car cast iron grate plate to realize forced heat exchange; the third air port performs forced air cooling heat exchange through strong refrigeration air to obtain high-temperature flue gas and the high-temperature flue gas is used for combustion or drying; the whole furnace body is of a totally-enclosed structure, so that the problems of air leakage, heat loss, low finished product rate of ceramsite caused by temperature gradient and the like are solved; the kiln is heated by adopting an external combustion or external combustion plus internal combustion mode, so that the temperature distribution in a sintering area is easy to adjust, and high-quality ceramsite is prepared. The novel tunnel kiln disclosed by the invention is large in yield, low in energy consumption, balanced in temperature control, green and environment-friendly, solves the problems of the traditional way for preparing ceramsite, such as the tunnel kiln and the rotary kiln, and has a wide application prospect.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a ceramsite firing method, wherein the ceramsite is fired through the tunnel kiln of the embodiment. The firing method comprises the following steps:
and (3) placing the ceramsite into a kiln car with high-temperature cast iron breast boards on two sides and a high-temperature cast iron grate board paved at the bottom.
The kiln car enters a material distribution drying section of the kiln along a return line through a kiln head ferry car; high-temperature flue gas from a tail cooling section is blown into the lower part of the cloth drying section, and cooling flue gas is pumped out from the upper part of the cloth drying section and discharged into the atmosphere, so that first flue gas circulation is realized; as an example of firing, the high temperature flue gas temperature at this stage is 300 ℃ and the cooling flue gas drawn is 100 ℃.
The kiln car enters a drying section, high-temperature flue gas exhausted from a sintering section and a soaking section is blown into the upper part of the drying section through an air box, and cold air is pumped out from the lower part of the drying section and exhausted into the atmosphere, so that second flue gas circulation is realized; as an example of firing, the high temperature flue gas temperature at this stage is 300 ℃ and the cooling flue gas drawn is 100 ℃.
The kiln car enters a preheating section, a combustion chamber is arranged at the upper part of the preheating section, high-temperature flue gas introduced into the combustion chamber preheats the ceramsite, and the cooled flue gas is discharged into an environment-friendly treatment system through a chimney; the high-temperature flue gas is circulated between a kiln car breast board and a grate board which are filled with the ceramsite by up-down ventilation, and the ceramsite is uniformly heated; as an example of firing, the combustion chamber at this stage provides high temperature flue gas temperature of 747 ℃ and the extracted flue gas is 260 ℃.
The kiln car enters a firing section, the upper part of the firing section is provided with a combustion chamber which provides heat for sintering the ceramsite, and combustion-supporting air of the combustion chamber adopts high-temperature flue gas of a cooling section; leading the high-temperature flue gas of the sintering section to the drying section by a fan through a lower air inlet; the high-temperature flue gas is circulated between a kiln car breast board and a grate board which are filled with the ceramsite by up-down ventilation, and the ceramsite is uniformly heated; as an example of firing, the combustion chamber provided a flue gas temperature of 1142 ℃ at this stage and the high temperature flue gas drawn was 520 ℃.
The kiln car enters a soaking section, the upper part of the firing section is a combustion chamber, high-temperature smoke is introduced into the combustion chamber, and the ceramsite is heated to obtain enough heat preservation time and reaction time, so that the strength of the ceramsite is increased; leading the high-temperature flue gas in the soaking section to the drying section by a fan through a lower air inlet; the high-temperature flue gas is circulated between a kiln car breast board and a grate board which are filled with the ceramsite by up-down ventilation, and the ceramsite is uniformly heated; meanwhile, the soaking section can also play a role in preventing cold air in the cooling section from entering the sintering section, so that unnecessary heat loss is avoided; as an example of firing, the combustion chamber at this stage provides a flue gas temperature of 703 ℃ and the high temperature flue gas withdrawal is 570 ℃.
The kiln car enters a cooling section, and ambient cold air is blown into the cooling section to cool the ceramsite; high-temperature flue gas generated by heat exchange is sent into a combustion chamber to be used as combustion-supporting air of fuel; as an example of firing, ambient air is blown in at this stage, the temperature is generally 20 ℃, and the high-temperature flue gas is extracted at 703 ℃; the temperature of the ceramsite is reduced to 600 ℃.
The kiln car enters the tail cooling section, the ceramsite is forcibly cooled by ambient cold air, and the temperature is continuously reduced; the generated high-temperature flue gas is used as a heat source of a cloth drying section; the temperature difference between the ceramsite and cooling air is small, the ceramsite is cooled slowly, and a large amount of cold air is required for forced cooling; the cooling section and the tail cooling section adopt a lower air inlet mode, and the mode can form reverse convection, so that cooling air reaches higher temperature after passing through a ceramic particle layer, and waste heat recovery is facilitated; as an example of firing, ambient air is blown in at this stage, the temperature is generally 20 ℃, and the high-temperature smoke is extracted at 300 ℃; when the kiln car is pushed to the position, the temperature of the ceramsite is already reduced to be below 400 ℃.
After the kiln car is discharged from the tail cold section, the kiln car enters a tipper, and the ceramic particles are poured into a crusher to separate the adhered ceramic particles, so that the ceramic particle firing is completed; the temperature of the ceramsite is 200-300 ℃.
The empty kiln car after the ceramic aggregate is poured out is transferred to a return line through a ferry car, returns to the kiln head and enters the next firing cycle.
Preferably, the raw material of the ceramsite adopts a raw material with a heat value or a mixture of the raw material and fuel, and an internal heat source is provided for firing the ceramsite. The fuel is thermal value raw materials such as coal gangue, sludge, oil sludge and the like contained in the ceramsite. At the moment, an external combustion and internal combustion mode is formed, the temperature distribution in a sintering area is easy to adjust, and high-quality ceramsite is prepared.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is understood that the invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed, but is made merely for the purpose of providing those skilled in the relevant art with a comprehensive understanding of the specific details of the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations of the present invention can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and the scope of the invention is to be determined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A tunnel kiln system for firing ceramic particles comprises: the kiln comprises a kiln car, a kiln body, a return subsystem, a kiln head distributing subsystem, a burner combustion chamber and a distributed control subsystem DCS, and is characterized by also comprising a smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air channel subsystem; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the kiln body is totally enclosed and comprises a material distribution drying section, a preheating section, a firing section, a soaking section, a cooling section and a tail cooling section, and smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air duct subsystems are arranged below and above the kiln;
the exhaust smoke and waste heat recovery air channel subsystem comprises: the first air port is arranged below the cloth drying section; the second air ports are arranged below the drying section and the preheating section, the third air ports are arranged below the sintering section and the soaking section, the fourth air ports are arranged below the cooling section and the tail cooling section, the first air box is arranged above the cloth drying section, the second air boxes are arranged above the drying section and the drying section, the third air box is arranged above the cooling section, and the fourth air box is arranged above the tail cooling section; the first air box is communicated with the environment-friendly treatment system and the chimney, the second air box is communicated with a third air port, the third air box is communicated with the burner combustion chamber, the fourth air box is communicated with the first air port, the second air port is communicated with the environment-friendly treatment system and the chimney, and the fourth air port is communicated with the atmosphere;
the burner combustion chamber is arranged above the preheating section, the sintering section and the soaking section;
when the tunnel kiln system is adopted for firing ceramsite, the DCS starts the smoke exhaust and waste heat recovery air channel subsystem, the fourth air port blows air to enter the cooling section and the tail cooling section, the fourth air box blows air to enter the cloth drying section through the first air port below the kiln, and the first air box blows air above the cloth drying section to discharge air to the environment-friendly treatment system and the chimney, so that first smoke circulation is realized; the cooling section is used for exhausting air to enter a burner combustion chamber, the third air port is used for exhausting air to enter the drying section through a second air box, and the second air port is used for exhausting air in the drying section and the preheating section to an environment-friendly treatment system and a chimney to realize second flue gas circulation; igniting the burner combustion chamber, and preheating the kiln body; the ceramic particles are distributed in the kiln car through a kiln head distribution subsystem; when the kiln body reaches the preset temperature, the kiln car enters a material distribution drying section in the kiln under the traction of a return subsystem, and sequentially enters a drying section, a preheating section, a firing section, a soaking section, a cooling section and a tail cooling section, and finally exits the kiln from the tail cooling section to finish firing the ceramsite.
2. The tunnel kiln system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kiln car has high temperature cast iron fence plates on both sides and high temperature cast iron grate plates on the bottom, and ceramic grains are distributed in the kiln car to realize static firing.
3. The tunnel kiln system according to claim 2, wherein the expansion of the kiln car realizes the yield expansion while the form of the high temperature flue gas circulation system remains unchanged, and the number and area of bellows for circulating the high temperature flue gas per section are increased according to the expansion amount of the kiln car.
4. The tunnel kiln system of claim 1, wherein the tuyeres and windboxes are each disposed on the kiln by a sealed chute.
5. The tunnel kiln system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the third tuyere is simultaneously connected to the first tuyere; when the heat carried by the air pumped out by the fourth air box of the tail cooling section is less, a part of high-temperature flue gas pumped out from the third air port is sent into the first air port.
6. The tunnel kiln system of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the third tuyere is communicated with the environmental protection treatment system and the chimney at the same time, and when the air heat extracted from the third tuyere is higher than that required by the circulation system, the residual high-temperature flue gas is discharged into the atmosphere.
7. The tunnel kiln system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the third tuyere is connected to other heating system as a heat source.
8. A ceramsite firing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
placing ceramsite into a kiln car with high-temperature cast iron breast boards on two sides and a high-temperature cast iron grate board laid at the bottom;
the kiln car enters a material distribution drying section of the kiln along a return line through a kiln head ferry car; blowing high-temperature flue gas from a tail cooling section into the lower part of the cloth drying section, and pumping cold air out of the upper part of the cloth drying section to discharge the cold air into the atmosphere to realize first flue gas circulation;
the kiln car enters a drying section, high-temperature flue gas exhausted from a sintering section and a soaking section is blown into the upper part of the drying section through an air box, and cold air is pumped out from the lower part of the drying section and exhausted into the atmosphere, so that second flue gas circulation is realized;
the kiln car enters a preheating section, the upper part of the preheating section is a combustion chamber, and high-temperature flue gas introduced into the combustion chamber preheats the ceramsite; the high-temperature flue gas is circulated between a kiln car breast board and a grate board which are filled with the ceramsite by up-down ventilation, and the ceramsite is uniformly heated;
the kiln car enters a firing section, the upper part of the firing section is provided with a combustion chamber which provides heat for sintering the ceramsite, and combustion-supporting air of the combustion chamber adopts high-temperature flue gas of a cooling section; leading the high-temperature flue gas of the sintering section to the drying section by a fan through a lower air inlet; the high-temperature flue gas is circulated between a kiln car breast board and a grate board which are filled with the ceramsite by up-down ventilation, and the ceramsite is uniformly heated;
the kiln car enters a soaking section, the upper part of the firing section is a combustion chamber, high-temperature smoke is introduced into the combustion chamber, and the ceramsite is heated to obtain enough heat preservation time and reaction time, so that the strength of the ceramsite is increased; leading the high-temperature flue gas in the soaking section to the drying section by a fan through a lower air inlet; the high-temperature flue gas is circulated between a kiln car breast board and a grate board which are filled with the ceramsite by up-down ventilation, and the ceramsite is uniformly heated;
the kiln car enters a cooling section, and ambient cold air is blown into the cooling section to cool the ceramsite; high-temperature flue gas generated by heat exchange is sent into a combustion chamber to be used as combustion-supporting air of fuel;
the kiln car enters the tail cooling section, the ceramsite is forcibly cooled by ambient cold air, and the temperature is continuously reduced; the generated high-temperature flue gas is used as a heat source of a cloth drying section;
after the kiln car is discharged from the tail cold section, the kiln car enters a tipper, and the ceramic particles are poured into a crusher to separate the adhered ceramic particles, so that the ceramic particle firing is completed; the empty kiln car after the ceramic aggregate is poured out is transferred to a return line through a ferry car, returns to the kiln head and enters the next firing cycle.
9. The method for firing ceramsite according to claim 8, wherein the raw material of said ceramsite is a raw material with calorific value, or a mixture of said raw material and fuel, and provides an internal heat source for firing ceramsite.
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| CN202010880597.9A CN112050631A (en) | 2020-08-27 | 2020-08-27 | Tunnel kiln system for firing ceramsite and ceramsite firing method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112880394A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-01 | 山东义科节能科技股份有限公司 | Kiln system and method for firing ceramsite containing heat value raw material and by-producing waste heat |
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