CN112050515B - Whole-process cold chain implementation method - Google Patents
Whole-process cold chain implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112050515B CN112050515B CN202010926865.6A CN202010926865A CN112050515B CN 112050515 B CN112050515 B CN 112050515B CN 202010926865 A CN202010926865 A CN 202010926865A CN 112050515 B CN112050515 B CN 112050515B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/02—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using ice, e.g. ice-boxes
- F25D3/06—Movable containers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D15/00—Devices not covered by group F25D11/00 or F25D13/00, e.g. non-self-contained movable devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a whole-course cold chain implementation method, wherein the device adopted in the implementation process comprises the following devices: the system comprises a phase change cold accumulation insulation box, a vacuum rapid precooler, a refrigerating unit, a secondary refrigerant solution tank, a secondary refrigerant circulating pump a and a secondary refrigerant circulating pump b. The invention has the following advantages: 1. the low-temperature secondary refrigerant is used for cold charging of the cold storage plate and also provides cold energy for a water catcher of the vacuum rapid precooler, and one set of refrigeration system can realize two purposes; 2. the physical damage to the product when the package is replaced is avoided, and the temperature rise and the cold loss of the product when the package is replaced are avoided; 3. the requirements of the whole cold chain implementation process on the transport vehicle are greatly reduced; 4. the problem of agricultural product adopt the place to do not have low temperature environment to carry out quality protection to the product before the precooling is solved, box and cold-storage plate repeatedly usable, refrigeration, cold-storage process are concentrated and are accomplished, and the refrigeration efficiency is higher, has avoided a large amount of dispersion, small-scale, inefficient freezer repeated construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of whole-course cold chains, in particular to a whole-course cold chain implementation method.
Background
The whole-course cold chain technology is the necessary guarantee for the transportation and the use safety of perishable foods, and the largest component of the perishable foods is fresh agricultural products represented by various vegetables and fruits. Generally, the whole-course cold chain of fresh agricultural products generally comprises the processes of field harvesting, quick precooling, cold storage and storage, cold transportation, cold sale, end user cold storage and the like, and also comprises the process of cold terminal distribution if combining with a booming electric commercial distribution mode, wherein the field harvesting and the quick precooling are also often called as the 'first kilometer' of the whole-course cold chain, and the cold sale and the cold terminal distribution are also called as the 'last kilometer' of the whole-course cold chain.
Among various links of the whole cold chain, field harvesting, quick precooling, refrigerated transportation, refrigerated sales and refrigerated terminal distribution are links which are high in energy consumption, weak in technology, unreasonable and imperfect in the traditional cold chain practice at present, and especially the first and last kilometers are taken as the links, so that the whole effect of the whole cold chain is seriously influenced.
Taking china as an example, although china is the largest fresh agricultural product producing country and consumer country in the world, compared with the large-scale and intensive large-scale farm production mode of developed countries, china mainly focuses on the dispersive production mode of individuals or small-scale cooperative society and the like, and shows that the production and planting regions are dispersive, the varieties are dispersive, the yield is small, the harvesting time is not concentrated and the like, the harvesting process efficiency is low, the timeliness is poor, and harvested products cannot be precooled in time at the first time so as to quickly enter a cold chain. The design and construction level of the Chinese refrigerator is closer to the foreign advanced level, and the main difference lies in the operation management level of the refrigerator. In the links of refrigeration storage and refrigeration transportation, the problems are mainly that the packaging specifications are not uniform, the times of splitting and turning are more, and the temperature fluctuation of products is large, the physical damage of the products is serious, and the loss of cold energy is serious in the process. The vehicles adopted in the transportation process mainly comprise heat-preservation vehicles without refrigeration systems, and the temperature rise of products is obvious in the transportation process. In the terminal sale and terminal distribution stage, the product is often separated from the cold chain, and the final link before the product reaches the user is completed in a state of being completely exposed to the ambient temperature.
Based on the reasons, the whole-course cold chain which is not suitable, unreasonable, imperfect and often chain broken with the production mode causes serious reduction of the quality of fresh agricultural products and huge loss, the whole damage rate of the current Chinese agricultural products can reach 20% -30%, the waste of about 1200 ten thousand tons of fruits and 1.3 hundred million tons of vegetables is caused every year, and the developed countries adopt a large-scale intensive production mode and combine with a reasonable whole-course cold chain technology which is suitable for the mode, and the average damage rate is lower than 5%. Therefore, research and development of a whole-process cold-chain technology suitable for a small-scale and dispersive agricultural product production mode are urgent, and related technologies can be popularized and applied, so that the potential of social benefits and economic benefits brought by the technology is huge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a whole-process cold chain implementation method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a whole-course cold chain implementation method, wherein the device adopted in the implementation process comprises the following devices: the phase change cold accumulation thermal insulation box comprises a box body thermal insulation layer, a thermal insulation box cover, a phase change cold accumulation plate and a phase change cold accumulation plate clamping groove, wherein the phase change cold accumulation plate clamping groove is positioned on the inner side of the box body thermal insulation layer, the phase change cold accumulation plate can be inserted into the phase change cold accumulation plate clamping groove for fixation, and phase change cold accumulation materials are filled in the phase change cold accumulation plate; the vacuum rapid precooler consists of a vacuum box body, a water catcher and a vacuum pump component, wherein the vacuum box body is connected with a vacuum pump through a vacuum pipeline, a secondary refrigerant solution tank is sequentially connected with a secondary refrigerant circulating pump a and the water catcher through a secondary refrigerant pipeline, the secondary refrigerant solution tank is also sequentially connected with a secondary refrigerant circulating pump b and a refrigerating system evaporator through the secondary refrigerant pipeline, the water catcher and the refrigerating system evaporator are respectively and independently connected with a secondary refrigerant solution tank through a secondary refrigerant pipeline, a secondary refrigerant solution tank heat preservation layer is arranged in the secondary refrigerant solution tank, phase change cold storage plate clamping grooves which are arranged in parallel are also arranged in the secondary refrigerant solution tank, the phase change cold storage plates can be inserted into the phase change cold storage plate clamping grooves for fixation, a secondary refrigerant is injected into the secondary refrigerant solution tank, the phase change cold storage plates can be immersed in the secondary refrigerant, a secondary refrigerant solution tank cover is arranged outside the secondary refrigerant solution tank, and the steps of the whole cold chain implementation are as follows:
s1, starting a refrigerating unit and a secondary refrigerant circulating pump b to gradually reduce the temperature of secondary refrigerant in a secondary refrigerant solution tank, and under the continuous action of the refrigerating unit, keeping the temperature of the secondary refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant solution tank below-5 ℃;
s2, taking out the phase change cold storage plate immersed below the liquid level of the secondary refrigerant solution tank, simply cleaning the phase change cold storage plate, putting the phase change cold storage plate into a phase change cold storage plate clamping groove in a phase change cold storage insulation box, fixing the phase change cold storage plate, covering an insulation box cover, and gradually releasing heat when the phase change cold storage plate is immersed in the secondary refrigerant maintaining the temperature below-5 ℃, wherein the phase change cold storage material in the phase change cold storage plate is completely changed into a solid state, so that cold energy corresponding to phase change latent heat of the phase change cold storage material is stored;
s3, distributing the phase change cold accumulation insulation boxes provided with the phase change cold accumulation plates to the collection places and production places of agricultural products or other perishable foods and articles one by one, and placing the phase change cold accumulation insulation boxes at positions as close to the collection points and the production points as possible, so that an operator can rapidly place the collected products into the phase change cold accumulation insulation boxes and cover the insulation box covers on the insulation box covers in time, after the collected products are placed into the phase change cold accumulation insulation boxes, phase change materials in the phase change cold accumulation plates gradually absorb heat, the cold accumulation amount is released, and the low-temperature state in the phase change cold accumulation insulation boxes is maintained;
s4, after the phase change cold accumulation insulation box is filled with the product, transferring the product into a vacuum box body of a vacuum rapid precooler, opening a heat preservation box cover, taking out a phase change cold accumulation plate in the phase change cold accumulation insulation box, immersing the phase change cold accumulation plate into a secondary refrigerant solution box for cold charge, maintaining the opening state of the heat preservation box cover, closing a sealing door of the vacuum box body of the vacuum rapid precooler, starting the vacuum rapid precooler, and rapidly cooling the product in the phase change cold accumulation insulation box to the temperature range of 0-5 ℃;
s5, after the pre-cooling is finished, opening a sealing door of the vacuum box body, covering a phase change cold accumulation insulation box with a insulation box cover, and transferring the phase change cold accumulation insulation box filled with the pre-cooled product into a refrigerator for temporary storage;
s6: transporting and delivering, wherein when transporting or delivering is needed, the phase change cold accumulation plate immersed in the secondary refrigerant solution tank and completing the cold charging process is taken out, is simply cleaned and then is placed into a phase change cold accumulation plate clamping groove of a phase change cold accumulation insulation box filled with a product in a refrigerator and is fixed, a heat insulation box cover is covered, and the phase change cold accumulation insulation box provided with the phase change cold accumulation plate and the product in the box are loaded on a transport vehicle together for transporting and delivering; in the transportation and distribution process, the phase change cold accumulation material in the phase change cold accumulation plate gradually absorbs heat and releases the cold accumulation, and the low-temperature state in the heat preservation box can be maintained for more than 24 hours in the transportation and distribution process, so that the quality of products in the box is not influenced by the temperature change in the transportation process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the low-temperature secondary refrigerant is used for cold charging of the cold storage plate and also provides cold energy for a water catcher of the vacuum rapid precooler, and one set of refrigeration system can realize two purposes;
2. after the cold accumulation insulation can is filled with products from a product collection place, the product package does not need to be replaced for multiple times in the whole cold chain implementation process, the physical damage to the products caused by package replacement is avoided, and the temperature rise and the cold loss of the products are avoided when the packages are replaced;
3. the transportation and distribution process does not need a special refrigerated transport vehicle, and can be implemented by a common transport vehicle, so that the requirements of the whole cold chain implementation process on the transport vehicle are greatly reduced;
4. the problem of agricultural product harvest place to no low temperature environment carry out quality protection to the product before the precooling is solved, especially to the dispersed condition of harvest place, and every harvest place output is little, need not to build the freezer everywhere and be used for gathering the back, the temporary storage before the precooling, cold-storage insulation can capacity is moderate, box and cold-storage plate repeatedly usable, refrigeration, cold-storage process concentrate the completion, the refrigeration efficiency is higher, avoided a large amount of dispersed, small-scale, inefficient freezer repeated construction.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a vacuum rapid pre-cooler; 2. a vacuum box body; 3. a vacuum pump; 4. a vacuum line; 5. a water trap; 6. a secondary refrigerant line; 7. a phase change cold accumulation insulation can; 8. a heat preservation box cover; 9. a phase change cold storage plate; 10. a box body heat insulation layer; 11. a secondary refrigerant circulating pump a; 12. a secondary refrigerant solution tank; 13. the insulating layer of the secondary refrigerant solution tank; 14. a secondary refrigerant solution tank cover; 15. a secondary refrigerant circulating pump b; 16. a refrigeration unit; 17. a refrigeration system evaporator.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a new method for implementing a whole-course cold chain, and the devices used in the implementation process include the following devices: the system comprises a phase change cold accumulation insulation box 7, a vacuum rapid precooling machine 1, a refrigerating unit 16, a secondary refrigerant solution tank 12, a secondary refrigerant circulating pump a11 and a secondary refrigerant circulating pump b 15; the phase change cold accumulation thermal insulation box 7 comprises a box body thermal insulation layer 10, a thermal insulation box cover 8, a phase change cold accumulation plate 9 and a cold accumulation plate clamping groove, wherein the cold accumulation plate clamping groove is positioned on the inner side of the box body thermal insulation layer 10, the phase change cold accumulation plate 9 can be conveniently inserted into the cold accumulation plate clamping groove for fixation, a phase change cold accumulation material is filled in the phase change cold accumulation plate 9, and the phase change cold accumulation temperature range of the phase change cold accumulation material is-5 ℃ to 10 ℃; the vacuum rapid precooler 1 consists of a vacuum box body 2, a water catcher 5 and a vacuum pump 3, wherein the vacuum box body 2 is connected with the vacuum pump 3 through a vacuum pipeline 4, a secondary refrigerant solution tank 12 is sequentially connected with a secondary refrigerant circulating pump a11 and the water catcher 5 through a secondary refrigerant pipeline 6, and the secondary refrigerant solution tank 12 is also sequentially connected with a secondary refrigerant circulating pump b15 and a refrigerating system evaporator 17 through the secondary refrigerant pipeline 6; the water catcher 5 and the refrigerating system evaporator 17 are also respectively and independently connected with a secondary refrigerant solution tank 12 through a secondary refrigerant pipeline 6, the secondary refrigerant solution tank 12 is provided with a secondary refrigerant solution tank heat preservation layer 13, the secondary refrigerant solution tank 12 is provided with cold storage plate clamping grooves which are arranged in parallel, phase change cold storage plates 9 can be conveniently inserted into the cold storage plate clamping grooves for fixing, the cold storage plate clamping grooves can ensure that the distance between adjacent cold storage plates is kept more than 10mm, after secondary refrigerant is injected into the secondary refrigerant solution tank 12, the main body of the phase change cold storage plates 9 can be immersed in the secondary refrigerant, a secondary refrigerant solution tank cover 14 is arranged outside the secondary refrigerant solution tank 12, and the whole-course cold chain implementation step method is as follows:
s1, starting a refrigerating unit 16 and a secondary refrigerant circulating pump b15 to gradually reduce the temperature of the secondary refrigerant in a secondary refrigerant solution tank 12, and under the continuous action of the refrigerating unit 16, keeping the temperature of the secondary refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant solution tank 12 below minus 5 ℃;
s2, taking out the phase change cold accumulation plate 9 immersed below the liquid level of the secondary refrigerant solution tank 12, putting the phase change cold accumulation plate into a cold accumulation plate clamping groove in the phase change cold accumulation thermal insulation box 7 after simple cleaning, fixing the phase change cold accumulation plate, covering a thermal insulation box cover 8, gradually releasing heat when the phase change cold accumulation plate 9 is immersed in the secondary refrigerant maintaining the temperature below-5 ℃, and allowing the phase change cold accumulation material in the phase change cold accumulation plate 9 to be completely changed into a solid state, so that cold energy corresponding to phase change latent heat of the phase change cold accumulation material is accumulated;
s3, distributing the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes 7 provided with the phase change cold accumulation plates 9 to the collection places and production places of agricultural products or other perishable foods and articles one by one, and placing the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes 7 at positions as close to the collection points and the production points as possible so that an operator can quickly place collected products into the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes 7 and cover heat preservation box covers 8 in time, wherein the shape size of the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes 7 can be 1.2m long by 1.0m wide by 1.0m high, or 1.2m long by 0.8m wide by 1.0m high by 1.1m long by 1.1m wide by 1.0m high, and the like, after the collected products are placed into the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes 7, the phase change materials in the phase change cold accumulation plates 9 gradually absorb heat and release the cold accumulation amount, and maintain the low temperature state in the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes 7;
s4, after the phase change cold accumulation thermal insulation box 7 is filled with a product, transferring the product into a vacuum box body 2 of a vacuum rapid precooler 1, opening a thermal insulation box cover 8, taking out a phase change cold accumulation plate 9 in the thermal insulation box, immersing the phase change cold accumulation plate 9 into a secondary refrigerant solution box 12 for cold charging, maintaining the open state of the thermal insulation box cover, closing a sealing door of the vacuum box body 2 of the vacuum rapid precooler 1, starting the vacuum rapid precooler 1, and rapidly cooling the product in the phase change cold accumulation thermal insulation box 7 to the temperature range of 0-5 ℃;
s5, after precooling is finished, opening a sealing door of the vacuum box body 2, covering a phase change cold accumulation heat preservation box 7 with a heat preservation box cover 8, and transferring the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation box 7 filled with precooled products into a refrigerator for temporary storage, wherein as an implementation example, the general vacuum rapid precooler 1 is arranged in a region close to the refrigerator so that the products can be rapidly transferred into the refrigerator after precooling, and the temperature of the products is prevented from rising;
s6, transportation and distribution, when transportation or distribution is needed, the phase change cold accumulation plate 9 immersed in the secondary refrigerant solution tank 12 and completing the cold filling process is taken out, the phase change cold accumulation plate is simply cleaned and then placed into a cold accumulation plate clamping groove of the phase change cold accumulation insulation box 7 filled with the product in the refrigerator and fixed, the insulation box cover 8 is covered, the phase change cold accumulation insulation box 7 provided with the phase change cold accumulation plate 9 and the product in the box are installed on a transportation vehicle together for transportation and distribution, in the transportation and distribution process, the phase change cold accumulation material in the phase change cold accumulation plate 9 gradually absorbs heat and releases the cold accumulation, and the low temperature state in the insulation box can be maintained for more than 24 hours in the transportation and distribution process, so that the quality of the product in the box is not influenced by the temperature change in the transportation process.
Specifically, the working principle is as follows:
when the material is subjected to phase change, heat is transferred along with the material. When the material changes from liquid state to solid state, the latent heat of phase change is released; when changing from solid to liquid, the latent heat of phase change is absorbed. By optimizing the components and the proportion of the materials, the cold storage material which is suitable for the implementation method of the invention and has the characteristic of phase change temperature preservation suitable for agricultural products, perishable foods and the like can be obtained and filled in a container with a certain shape to be made into a cold storage plate form.
The vacuum rapid precooler 1 reduces the environmental pressure of the object to be cooled through a vacuum system according to the principle that the boiling point of water is reduced along with the reduction of pressure, so that the moisture is evaporated at a lower boiling point, and a large amount of heat is absorbed from the object to be cooled in the process, thereby realizing rapid temperature reduction.
In the implementation method, the refrigerating system is used for reducing the temperature of the secondary refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant solution tank 12, and the secondary refrigerant in the solution tank is always kept at the temperature below minus 5 ℃ under the continuous action of the refrigerating system. The low-temperature secondary refrigerant is used for the cold charging purpose of the phase change cold storage plate 9 and also provides cold energy for the water catcher 5 of the rapid vacuum precooling equipment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the low-temperature secondary refrigerant is used for cold charging of the cold storage plate and also provides cold energy for a water catcher of the vacuum rapid precooler, and one set of refrigeration system can realize two purposes;
2. after the cold accumulation insulation can is filled with products from a product collection place, the product package does not need to be replaced for multiple times in the whole cold chain implementation process, the physical damage to the products caused by package replacement is avoided, and the temperature rise and the cold loss of the products are avoided when the packages are replaced;
3. the transportation and distribution process does not need a special refrigerated transport vehicle, and can be implemented by a common transport vehicle, so that the requirement of the whole cold chain implementation process on the transport vehicle is greatly reduced;
4. the problem of agricultural product harvest place to no low temperature environment carry out quality protection to the product before the precooling is solved, especially to the dispersed condition of harvest place, and every harvest place output is little, need not to build the freezer everywhere and be used for gathering the back, the temporary storage before the precooling, cold-storage insulation can capacity is moderate, box and cold-storage plate repeatedly usable, refrigeration, cold-storage process concentrate the completion, the refrigeration efficiency is higher, avoided a large amount of dispersed, small-scale, inefficient freezer repeated construction.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A whole-course cold chain implementation method is characterized in that the device adopted in the implementation process comprises the following devices: the phase change cold accumulation thermal insulation box comprises a phase change cold accumulation thermal insulation box (7), a vacuum rapid precooler (1), a refrigerating unit (16), a secondary refrigerant solution tank (12), a secondary refrigerant circulating pump a (11) and a secondary refrigerant circulating pump b (15), wherein the phase change cold accumulation thermal insulation box (7) comprises a box body thermal insulation layer (10), a thermal insulation box cover (8), a phase change cold accumulation plate (9) and a phase change cold accumulation plate clamping groove, the phase change cold accumulation plate clamping groove is positioned on the inner side of the box body thermal insulation layer (10), the phase change cold accumulation plate (9) can be inserted into the phase change cold accumulation plate clamping groove for fixation, and phase change cold accumulation materials are filled in the phase change cold accumulation plate (9); the vacuum rapid precooler (1) consists of a vacuum box body (2), a water catcher (5) and a vacuum pump (3), wherein the vacuum box body (2) is connected with the vacuum pump (3) through a vacuum pipeline (4), a secondary refrigerant solution tank (12) is sequentially connected with a secondary refrigerant circulating pump a (11) and the water catcher (5) through a secondary refrigerant pipeline (6), the secondary refrigerant solution tank (12) is further sequentially connected with a secondary refrigerant circulating pump b (15) and a refrigerating system evaporator (17) through the secondary refrigerant pipeline (6), the water catcher (5) and the refrigerating system evaporator (17) are further respectively and independently connected with the secondary refrigerant solution tank (12) through the secondary refrigerant pipeline (6), a secondary refrigerant solution tank heat-insulating layer (13) is arranged in the secondary refrigerant solution tank (12), phase change cold storage plates arranged in parallel are further arranged in the secondary refrigerant solution tank (12), and a phase change cold storage plate (9) can be inserted into a phase change cold storage plate clamping groove for fixation, a secondary refrigerant solution tank (12) is filled with a secondary refrigerant, the phase change cold storage plate (9) can be immersed in the secondary refrigerant, a secondary refrigerant solution tank cover (14) is arranged outside the secondary refrigerant solution tank (12), and the steps of the whole cold chain implementation are as follows:
s1, starting a refrigerating unit (16) and a secondary refrigerant circulating pump b (15) to gradually reduce the temperature of the secondary refrigerant in a secondary refrigerant solution tank (12), and under the continuous action of the refrigerating unit (16), keeping the temperature of the secondary refrigerant in the secondary refrigerant solution tank (12) below minus 5 ℃;
s2, taking out the phase change cold storage plate (9) immersed below the liquid level of the secondary refrigerant solution tank (12), simply cleaning the phase change cold storage plate, placing the phase change cold storage plate into a phase change cold storage plate clamping groove in a phase change cold storage insulation box (7), fixing the phase change cold storage plate clamping groove, covering an insulation box cover (8), gradually releasing heat when the phase change cold storage plate (9) is immersed in the secondary refrigerant maintaining the temperature below-5 ℃, and completely changing the phase of the phase change cold storage material in the phase change cold storage plate (9) into a solid state, so that cold corresponding to the phase change latent heat of the phase change cold storage material is stored;
s3, distributing the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes (7) with the phase change cold accumulation plates (9) installed to the collection places and production places of agricultural products or other perishable foods and articles, and placing the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes (7) one by one at positions as close to the collection points and the production points as possible, so that an operator can rapidly place collected products into the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes (7) and cover heat preservation box covers (8) in time, after the collected products are placed into the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes (7), phase change materials in the phase change cold accumulation plates (9) gradually absorb heat, the cold accumulation amount is released, and the low-temperature state in the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation boxes (7) is maintained;
s4, transferring the phase change cold accumulation insulation box (7) into a vacuum box body (2) of a vacuum rapid precooler (1) after the phase change cold accumulation insulation box (7) is filled with the product, opening an insulation box cover (8), taking out a phase change cold accumulation plate (9) in the phase change cold accumulation insulation box (7), immersing the phase change cold accumulation plate (9) into a secondary refrigerant solution box (12) for cold accumulation, maintaining the opening state of the insulation box cover (8), closing a sealing door of the vacuum box body (2) of the vacuum rapid precooler (1), starting the vacuum rapid precooler (1), and rapidly cooling the product in the phase change cold accumulation insulation box (7) to the temperature range of 0-5 ℃;
s5, after the pre-cooling is finished, opening a sealing door of the vacuum box body (2), covering a heat preservation box cover (8) on the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation box (7), and transferring the phase change cold accumulation heat preservation box (7) filled with the pre-cooled product into a refrigerator for temporary storage;
s6, transportation and distribution, wherein when transportation or distribution is needed, the phase change cold accumulation plate (9) which is immersed in the secondary refrigerant solution tank (12) and completes the cold filling process is taken out, the phase change cold accumulation plate is simply cleaned and then is placed into a phase change cold accumulation plate clamping groove of a phase change cold accumulation insulation box (7) provided with a product in a refrigerator and is fixed, a heat insulation box cover (8) is covered, and the phase change cold accumulation insulation box (7) provided with the phase change cold accumulation plate (9) and the product in the box are together provided with a transportation vehicle for transportation and distribution; in the transportation and distribution process, the phase change cold storage material in the phase change cold storage plate (9) gradually absorbs heat and releases stored cold, and the low-temperature state in the heat preservation box can be maintained for more than 24 hours in the transportation and distribution process, so that the quality of products in the box is not influenced by the temperature change in the transportation process.
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