CN112050078A

CN112050078A - Rear land LNG tank yard

Info

Publication number: CN112050078A
Application number: CN202010945172.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 潘阳; 庄家汉
Original assignee: Anhui Changjiang Liquefied Natural Gas Co ltd; Huainan Mining Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Anhui Changjiang Liquefied Natural Gas Co ltd; Huainan Mining Group Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-09-10
Filing date: 2020-09-10
Publication date: 2020-12-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a rear land LNG tank yard, which comprises an empty tank yard, a heavy tank yard and a liquid collecting pool, wherein protective enclosing walls are arranged on the peripheries of the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard, at least one outlet and at least one inlet are arranged on the protective enclosing walls, the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard are distributed at intervals, and annular transportation roads are arranged outside the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard; empty boxes arranged in a matrix are arranged in the empty box yard; the heavy box yard is provided with heavy box positions which are arranged in a matrix manner, the empty box yard and the heavy box yard are provided with liquid guide channels, and the liquid guide channels are converged into the liquid collecting pool; the rear land LNG tank yard is positioned behind the shoreline and is connected with a wharf arranged on the shoreline through a road. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the container truck is used for transportation, a wharf does not need to be occupied, the occupied area is saved, and the transportation risk is low.

Description

Rear land LNG tank yard

Technical Field

The invention relates to a technology of an LNG storage tank yard, in particular to a land LNG tank yard behind the LNG storage tank yard.

Background

With the rapid development of the natural gas industry, the demand of the market on LNG storage and transportation equipment is increasingly strengthened, and the LNG tank is an ideal transportation tool for LNG due to the fact that the LNG tank is flexible and can be transported in multiple ways, and how to arrange the LNG tank yard becomes a very concern in the industry.

An LNG tank (low-temperature liquid tank container) belongs to a pressure container. The LNG tank is of a double-layer structure, Q345R steel is adopted as a shell material of the tank body, S30408 austenitic stainless steel is adopted as an inner tank material, the shell mainly bears pressure generated inside the tank body, and the inner tank and the cold insulation layer are used for cold insulation.

The existing LNG tank box is provided with an operation box, a liquid phase operation pipeline, a gas phase operation pipeline, a pressurization pipeline and a safety control system are arranged in the operation box, and the pipeline system is the main part of the LNG tank container for realizing the use function.

The liquid phase operation pipeline comprises an upper liquid inlet pipeline and a lower liquid inlet pipeline, when the filling effect is achieved, the upper liquid inlet pipeline and the lower liquid inlet pipeline can be used, the upper liquid inlet pipeline is provided with a spraying device, and when the tank box is filled for the first time, hot gas in the tank can be liquefied, so that the tank can be cooled up and down quickly. Because the LNG is filled and unloaded at different times, the lower liquid inlet and outlet pipeline can realize lower liquid inlet and liquid discharge.

The gas phase operation pipeline comprises a gas phase valve and a gas phase emergency cut-off valve, and the gas is directly output from the pipeline, and meanwhile, the gas phase operation pipeline is used as a gas loop pipe when the liquid is pressurized and discharged, and is used as a discharge pipeline when the pressure of the inner tank is ultrahigh or the pressure is discharged.

The pressurization system comprises a pressurization valve, liquid is discharged from the pressurization valve, the liquid is gasified into gas through pressurization in the outside, and then the gas returns to the top of the inner cylinder through the gas phase valve in the gas phase pipeline for pressurization.

The safety control system consists of a pressure gauge, a liquid level meter combination valve, a liquid level meter root valve, an equipment safety valve, a three-way valve, a flame arrester, a pipeline blow-off valve, an equipment blow-off valve and an outer tank explosion-proof device. The pressure gauge and the liquid level gauge are arranged in the liquid level gauge, and the liquid level gauge combination valve and the liquid level gauge root valve are instrument control valves; the bleeding valve is divided into a gas phase bleeding valve and a liquid phase pipeline bleeding valve, the gas phase bleeding valve is used for manually bleeding gas in a gas phase space of the tank box, the pressure of the tank body can be effectively reduced, the bleeding valve in the liquid phase pipeline aims at timely discharging residual liquid in the pipeline, and the problem that the pipeline is damaged due to volume expansion of low-temperature liquid in the pipeline caused by gasification due to temperature rise is avoided; the device is an outer tank safety device, and when an accident occurs and interlayer vacuum fails, the outer tank explosion-proof device is opened to release pressure; the flame arrester is used for preventing flame from returning when the emptying pipe mouth catches fire.

The major hazardous substances present in LNG projects are LNG (liquefied natural GAS) and BOG (BOG is short for BOIL-OFF GAS, and is methane GAS resulting from the vaporization of product LNG). The main hazardous component of LNG and BOG is methane. The reaction activity of methane is lower than that of other fuel oil, the potential severity of explosion consequences is lower than that of hydrogen, propane and ethylene, but methane is flammable and explosive, and the explosion limit of methane in air is 5-15.8% (V), so LNG is usually stored in a special storage tank in a liquid state at normal pressure. LNG is generally stored and transported without regard to pressure, thus avoiding the risk of complete rupture of the vessel. The risk of fire during unloading, storage and transport is classified as class a. The characteristics of a fire hazard generated by LNG are high risk, high temperature, strong radiation, deflagration and easy explosion. The consequences of an LNG fire are manifold, and leaking material may cause diffusion, boiling, evaporation, etc., if the gas diffuses into a confined space, an explosion, or a flash fire, etc., and pool fires may occur at the source of the leak.

Therefore, the safety distance is particularly important for the arrangement of the LNG tank yard.

At present, although some achievements are achieved in the field of 'oil-to-gas' of ships in China, the LNG power ships are successfully tried to run in Yangtze river, Jinghang Dayun canal and the like. At present, LNG fuel water filling mainly comprises: the method comprises three modes of ship-to-ship, shore station-to-ship and vehicle-to-ship, and is a ship LNG fuel filling mode.

Ship-to-Ship filling (STS), wherein the STS can be carried out in wharfs, anchor lands and sails, and also comprises filling a wharf Ship and filling a Ship by using an offshore floating filling facility; the ship-ship filling is characterized in that an LNG filling ship performs LNG filling work on a filled ship, the LNG filling ship is a brand-new green energy-saving environment-friendly ship model which is used for providing LNG fuel filling for various cargo ships, container ships, chemical ships, kernel LNG filling wharfs, inner rivers, coastal LNG shore-based filling stations and the like which adopt LNG single/double fuel power, and can also provide LNG water transportation for domestic rivers, coastal shore-based filling stations, coastal surrounding cities and large-scale factory and mining enterprises.

As in application No.: 202010123569.2, 1. A layout of a pontoon of an offshore natural gas filling station, characterized in that the natural gas pontoon comprises devices and equipment, LNG storage tank equipment and system components, filling and refueling operating locations, living quarters, machinery quarters, service quarters, the LNG storage tank equipment and system components being provided on one freeboard deck, the machinery quarters, service quarters being provided on one deck of cleats, the main living quarters being provided on three decks, part of the living quarters and part of the service quarters being provided on two decks. However, when the ship is used as a water transport vehicle, the ship is subjected to risks of natural factors such as gusty wind, rainstorm, lightning stroke and the like which cannot be resisted, self factors such as failure of ship instruments and equipment and malfunction of an engine body can occur, and artificial factors such as pirate hijacking and misoperation of a crew under an accident can also occur. As a novel LNG ship with high technical difficulty, the risk is also caused, so that the filling form is poor in operability and high in investment cost;

vehicle-ship filling (Tank truck-to-ship bunkering, abbreviated as TTS); TTS filling is to fill LNG from a tank of a tank car to a ship parked at a port, usually by a hose or a connecting arm connected between the tank car and the ship, and is somewhat portable and low-investment, as described in application numbers: 201721460624.7, a differential pressure type LNG vehicle filling system, which is characterized in that the system comprises a tank car storage tank and a target storage tank; an LNG filling pipeline system and a pressure regulating pipeline system are arranged between the tank car storage tank and the target storage tank; the LNG filling pipeline system and the pressure regulating pipeline system are respectively connected with the tank car storage tank and the target storage tank; and the pressure regulating pipeline system is used for regulating the pressure difference between the tank car storage tank and the day mark storage tank, so that the pressure in the tank car is greater than the pressure in the target storage tank, and the LNG in the tank car storage tank is sent to the target storage tank through the LNG filling pipeline system. The filling system integrates various pipelines, so that the capacity of the tank box is reduced, the filling quantity of the whole filling system is small, the filling efficiency is low, and the filling speed and the capacity are limited, so that the capacity of the filling system is limited for large ships.

In the PTS filling mode, LNG is filled from a fixed storage site on land to a ship moored at a nearby dock through a cryogenic pipeline or hose. The large capacity requirement can be met on the transmission speed and the capacity, but because PTS filling needs fixed facilities near a wharf, for example, the storage tank capacity of the existing onshore filling station of Halhjem in Norway is larger (generally 1000 m)³) In order to control risks, a certain safety distance is reserved between the storage tank and the filling station, the LNG tank box is located on the shore and at the rear of the LNG tank box, the LNG tank box is far away from a filled ship, a filling pipeline is buried underground, the pipeline is long, the filling form is caused, and the wharf shoreline is occupied;

therefore, by installing an LNG tank yard in a land area behind a filling dock, a filling line can be shortened by transporting an LNG tank to the dock by a vehicle for filling, and therefore, an LNG tank yard that can adapt to this method is urgently needed.

The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: how to solve the problem that current LNG tank box storage yard arranges under the condition of satisfying the safety requirement.

The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:

the rear land LNG tank yard comprises an empty tank yard, a heavy tank yard and a liquid collecting pool, wherein protective enclosing walls are arranged on the peripheries of the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard, at least one outlet and at least one inlet are arranged on the protective enclosing walls, the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard are distributed at intervals, and annular transportation roads are arranged outside the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard; the empty tank yard is provided with empty tank positions which are arranged in a matrix manner, the side surface of each row or each emptying tank position is provided with a liquid guide channel, and a plurality of liquid guide channels are converged into a liquid collecting pool; the heavy tank yard is provided with heavy tank positions arranged in a matrix manner, the side surface of each row or each row of heavy tank positions is provided with a liquid guide channel, and a plurality of liquid guide channels are converged into the liquid collecting pool;

the rear land LNG tank yard is positioned behind the shoreline and is connected with a wharf arranged on the shoreline through a road.

The empty box storage yard and the heavy box storage yard are arranged adjacently, the transportation between the empty box storage yard and the heavy box storage yard is realized through the annular transportation road arranged outside the storage yard, and the LNG tank storage yard meets the safety requirement through the setting of the external protective enclosing wall and the liquid collecting pool; the tank yard is connected with a wharf arranged on a shore line through a road, when the tank yard is used, a full liquid tank is transported to a filling station through a container truck or other vehicles for filling, and after filling is finished, an empty LNG tank is transported to an empty tank yard; and need not to integrate with other filling equipment, compare with the filling mode of "tank wagon to ship", the transportation risk is low.

Preferably, every ten tank boxes of the empty tank yard are in one group, each row comprises more than one group of tank boxes, the empty tank yard has at least 3 rows of tank boxes, every ten tank boxes of the heavy tank yard is in one group, each row comprises more than one group of tank boxes, and the heavy tank yard has at least 3 rows of tank boxes.

Preferably, each group of the tank boxes of the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard are arranged in a 2 x 5 mode, a vehicle channel is arranged between adjacent rows, and a vehicle road is arranged between each tank box and the protective enclosing wall.

Preferably, the distance between two rows in each group of tank boxes is at least 3m, and the distance between adjacent rows is at least 1 m.

Preferably, the vertical distance between the empty box yard and the outlet and the vertical distance between the heavy box yard and the inlet are both not less than 20 m.

Preferably, an office area is arranged on one side of the empty box yard, and the distance between the office area and the empty box yard is not less than 65 m.

Preferably, the liquid collecting pool of the empty box yard and the liquid collecting pool of the heavy box yard are both arranged on one side far away from an office area, and the distance between the liquid collecting pool and the office area is not less than 81 m.

Preferably, one side of the heavy box storage yard is provided with a mobile mechanical warehouse and an emergency equipment warehouse, and the distance between the heavy box storage yard and the mobile mechanical warehouse and the distance between the heavy box storage yard and the emergency equipment warehouse are not less than 30 m.

Preferably, the sump has a size of 4 m.

Preferably, the LNG tank yard is at least 150m in-line from the front filling station.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) the empty box storage yard and the heavy box storage yard are arranged adjacently, the transportation between the empty box storage yard and the heavy box storage yard is realized through the annular transportation road arranged outside the storage yard, and the LNG tank storage yard meets the safety requirement through the setting of the external protective enclosing wall and the liquid collecting pool; the tank yard is connected with a wharf arranged on a shore line through a road, when the tank yard is used, a full liquid tank is transported to a filling station through a container truck or other vehicles for filling, and after filling is finished, an empty LNG tank is transported to an empty tank yard; and need not to integrate with other filling equipment, compare with the filling mode of "tank wagon to ship", the transportation risk is low.

(2) By quantitatively analyzing thermal radiation and vapor cloud diffusion boundaries, the distance between an LNG liquid collecting pool and office areas such as dormitory buildings, comprehensive buildings, office buildings and main control rooms is determined to be not less than 81m, the LNG liquid collecting pool is arranged on one side of a tank yard far away from the office areas, the distance between corresponding building and the tank yard is effectively shortened, and conditions are provided for realizing functional requirements in a purchase range;

(3) according to the thermal radiation and vapor cloud diffusion boundary of the quantitative analysis report, the distances from the LNG tank to a dormitory building, a comprehensive building and an office building are determined, the distances from the LNG tank to a mobile machinery warehouse and an emergency equipment warehouse are not less than 30m, and the distances from a entrance guard (an entrance and an exit) are not less than 20m, so that the utilization efficiency of the purchased land parcel is effectively improved on the premise of ensuring the efficient stacking scale and safety.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a land based LNG tank yard behind an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an empty tank yard;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a heavy tank yard;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the rear land LNG tank yard and surrounding facility layout;

FIG. 5-1 is a 1-S jet fire event analysis interface;

FIG. 5-2 is a 2-S jet fire event analysis interface;

FIG. 5-3 is a 3-S jet fire event analysis interface;

FIGS. 5-4 are 4-S jet fire event analysis interfaces;

FIGS. 5-5 are interfaces for analyzing the fire event at node 5;

FIGS. 5-6 are interfaces for analyzing the firing event at node 5;

FIGS. 5-7 are interfaces for analyzing the fire event at node 6;

FIGS. 5-8 are interfaces for analyzing the fire event at node 6;

FIGS. 5-9 are interfaces for analyzing the firing event at node 5;

FIGS. 5-10 are interfaces for analyzing the firing event at node 5;

FIGS. 5-11 are interfaces for analyzing the fire event at node 6;

FIGS. 5-12 are interfaces for analyzing the fire event at node 6;

FIG. 6-1 is a 1-M jet fire event analysis interface;

FIG. 6-2 is a 2-M jet fire event analysis interface;

6-3 is a 3-M jet fire event analysis interface;

6-4 are 4-M jet fire event analysis interfaces;

6-5 are interfaces for analyzing a fire incident for node 5;

6-6 are interfaces for analyzing a fire incident for node 6;

FIG. 7-1 heavy box yard # 1 catch basin fire impact area analysis interface;

FIG. 7-2 heavy box yard # 2 catch basin fire impact area analysis interface;

7-3 heavy box yard # 3 catch basin fire impact range analysis interface;

7-4 are heavy box yard # 1 sump gas cloud spread impact area analysis interfaces;

FIGS. 7 to 5 are the heavy box yard 2# sump gas cloud diffusion influence range analysis interfaces;

FIGS. 7 to 6 are the interface for analyzing the influence range of the air cloud diffusion in the 3# collecting tank of the heavy-box yard;

7-7 empty box yard No. 4 collecting pool fire impact area analysis interface;

7-8 empty box yard No. 5 collecting basin fire influence scope analysis interface;

FIGS. 7 to 9 are the heavy-box yard 4# sump gas cloud diffusion influence range analysis interfaces;

FIGS. 7 to 10 are the heavy-box yard 5# sump gas cloud diffusion influence range analysis interfaces;

reference numbers in the figures: 1. an empty box yard; 2. a heavy box yard; 3. a liquid collecting tank; 4. protecting the enclosing wall; 5. an endless transport road; 6. a filling station; 7. an office area;

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, the rear land LNG tank yard includes an empty tank yard 1, a heavy tank yard 2, a liquid collecting tank 3, and a protective enclosure 4; the empty box yard 1 and the heavy box yard 2 are distributed adjacently at intervals, annular transportation roads 5 are arranged outside the empty box yard 1 and the heavy box yard 2, and a road is shared by the adjacent positions of the empty box yard 1 and the heavy box yard 2;

referring to fig. 2, a protective enclosure 4 is provided around the empty box yard 1, at least one outlet and at least one inlet are provided on the protective enclosure 4, a 4# entrance is provided on the left side, a 3# entrance is provided on the opposite side for entrance and exit, a 4# entrance is provided for heavy box exit, a 3# entrance is provided for heavy box entrance, and the distance from the tank is greater than 20m, empty box positions are arranged in the empty box yard 1 in a matrix, empty tank positions are arranged on the empty box positions, each empty box yard 1 is provided with 10 tank groups, each row comprises 4 tank groups, vehicle channels are 15m between adjacent rows, vehicle channels are 3m between adjacent rows, vehicle channels are greater than 20m between the tank and the protective enclosure 4, the empty box yard 1 is provided with 3 rows of tank boxes, total 120 empty box positions are provided, the empty box yard is provided with 4 liquid guide channels, and adjacent liquid guide channels converge into the same liquid collecting tank 3, two liquid collecting pools 3 are arranged in the empty box yard 1;

referring to fig. 3, the heavy tank yard 2 is provided with protective enclosing walls 4 at the periphery, the protective enclosing walls 4 are provided with at least one outlet and at least one inlet, the left side is a # 2 entrance, the opposite side is a # 1 entrance for entrance and exit, the # 2 entrance is used for the heavy tank exit, the # 1 entrance is used for the heavy tank entrance, and the distance from the heavy tank entrance is greater than 20m, the heavy tank yard 2 is internally provided with heavy tank positions arranged in a matrix, tank filled with LNG is arranged on the heavy tank positions, the heavy tank yard 1 is provided with 10 tank groups, each group comprises 6 tank groups, vehicle passages of 15m are formed between adjacent rows, 3m are formed between adjacent rows, vehicle passages of greater than 20m are formed between the tank and the protective enclosing walls 4, the heavy tank yard 1 is provided with 3 rows of tank boxes, the total number of 180 heavy tank positions are arranged, the heavy tank yard is provided with 6 liquid guide channels, and the adjacent liquid guide channels converge into the same liquid collecting tank 3, the heavy box yard 1 is internally provided with three liquid collecting pools 3;

each group of tank boxes of the empty tank yard 1 and the heavy tank yard 2 are arranged in a 2 x 5 mode, the distance between two columns in each group of tank boxes is 3m, and the distance between adjacent rows is 1 m. The empty bin and the heavy bin are both 40-foot bins, and the size of the 40-foot container is 12192mm in length, 3438mm in width and 2591mm in height.

The size of the said sump is 4 m.

Combustible gas/low-temperature detection facilities are required to be arranged in the tank farm, and high-power foam and acousto-optic alarm are started by parallel locks;

as shown in fig. 1, the rear land LNG tank yard is located behind the shoreline and is connected to a wharf road arranged on the shoreline, and specifically, a filling station 6 may be provided on the wharf, and the rear land LNG tank yard is connected to the filling station 6 through a road. In this embodiment, two paths are provided, the path on the right side communicated with the filling station 6 is used for transporting the tank in the heavy tank yard 2 to the filling station 6, the path on the left side is an empty tank returning path, and the linear distance between the LNG tank yard and the filling station 6 in front is at least 150 m.

The working process of the embodiment:

the empty box yard 1 and the heavy box yard 2 are arranged adjacently, the transportation between the empty box yard 1 and the heavy box yard 2 is realized through an annular transportation road 5 arranged outside the yard, and the LNG tank yard meets the safety requirement through the arrangement of an external protective enclosing wall 4 and a liquid collecting tank 3; the LNG tank filling station is connected with a filling station 6 arranged on a shore line through a road, when in use, a full-liquid tank is transported from a heavy tank yard 2 to the filling station 6 along an annular transportation road 5 and a road between the full-liquid tank yard and the filling station 6 through a container truck or other vehicles, the vehicles return or leave other areas to be ready, the LNG tank is filled, after filling is completed, an empty LNG tank is transported to an empty tank yard 1 through the container truck, compared with the existing filling mode of 'shore station to ship', a longer LNG pipeline does not need to be arranged, the tank yard can be arranged at a far position and transported through the container truck, a wharf does not need to be occupied, and the occupied area is saved; and need not to integrate with other filling equipment, compare with the filling mode of "tank wagon to ship", the transportation risk is low.

Example two:

as shown in fig. 4, in addition to the first embodiment, an office area 7 is arranged on one side of the empty box yard 1, and the office area 7 includes a dormitory building, a complex building, an office building, a main control room, and the like, and is not less than 65m away from the empty box yard 1.

The liquid collecting pool 3 of the empty box yard 1 and the liquid collecting pool 3 of the heavy box yard 2 are both arranged on one side far away from the office area 7, and the distance between the liquid collecting pool 3 and the office area is not less than 81 m.

Heavy case store yard 2 one side sets up mobile machinery storehouse, emergency equipment storehouse, tank wagon loading district, the vehicle is examined and is waited the district, is same one side with office area 7, heavy case store yard 2 is all not less than 30m with mobile machinery storehouse, emergency equipment storehouse distance.

In the embodiment, the distances between the LNG liquid collecting tank and office areas such as dormitory buildings, comprehensive buildings, office buildings and main control rooms are determined to be not less than 81m through quantitative analysis of thermal radiation and vapor cloud diffusion boundaries, the LNG liquid collecting tank is arranged on one side of the tank yard far away from the office areas, the distance between the corresponding building and the tank yard is effectively shortened, and conditions are provided for realizing functional requirements in a purchase range;

according to the thermal radiation and vapor cloud diffusion boundary of the quantitative analysis report, the distances from the LNG tank to a dormitory building, a comprehensive building and an office building are determined, the distances from the LNG tank to a mobile machinery warehouse and an emergency equipment warehouse are not less than 30m, and the distances from a entrance guard (an entrance and an exit) are not less than 20m, so that the utilization efficiency of the purchased land parcel is effectively improved on the premise of ensuring the efficient stacking scale and safety.

Comparison with the existing three filling modes (mentioned in the background art):

(1) compared with a ship-to-ship filling mode, in the embodiment, a filling ship is not adopted for filling, the risk faced on water is not considered, the main risk is that LNG and BOG are leaked, the risk types are less than those of ship-to-ship filling, and the investment cost is low;

(2) compared with a tank car-ship filling mode, the tank car-ship filling mode has the advantages that the transportation function of the vehicle transported by the embodiment is realized only, various filling pumps, pipelines and the like are not integrated, more space can be provided for transporting LNG, the filling equipment is integrated with the tank car, the risks of leakage and the like of the whole tank car are increased, the safety requirements of tank car drivers are less than those of filling operators in the transportation process, and the safety risks of public are higher than those of other filling modes; in this embodiment, because of the tank case satisfies under the condition of safety requirement, all can transport through container truck, freight train etc. and the transportation risk is low.

(3) Compared with a 'shore station-ship' filling mode, after the tank yard in the embodiment is adopted, the filling station and the tank yard can be arranged far away, and the pipeline connection is not needed, so that the pipeline between the tank and the ship to be filled is greatly reduced, and the length of a conveying pipeline of an LNG filling system is shortened; after the pipeline is shortened, the invalid loss amount of LNG can be reduced, and the cold insulation circulating pipeline is shortened; the heat transfer area of the pipeline is reduced, so that the generation amount of BOG is reduced, and the operation cost of the system is greatly reduced; and the engineering investment is reduced.

In the above embodiment, in the creation process of the present scheme, the scheme of the above embodiment is obtained after various analyses:

the risk is finally evaluated through risk source identification, frequency analysis, consequence analysis and risk calculation, and a final scheme is determined. LEAK software is adopted for calculating the frequency, PHAST software is adopted for simulating the consequences, and SAFETI software is adopted for calculating the risks.

The major hazardous substances present in LNG projects are LNG and BOG. The risk of fire during unloading, storage and transport is classified as class a. The characteristics of a fire hazard generated by LNG are high risk, high temperature, strong radiation, deflagration and easy explosion. The consequences of an LNG fire are manifold, leaking material may cause diffusion, boiling, evaporation, etc., if the gas diffuses into a confined space, an explosion, or flash fire, etc., may occur, and pool fire may occur at the source of the leak; therefore, it is necessary to arrange the tank farm while satisfying various safety standards.

(1) Identifying a dangerous source: the nature and storage of the material is first examined in detail to identify events that are potentially hazardous to facilities and personnel, and then to identify possible consequences such as fire gusts, pool fires, explosions and vapor cloud spread. The purpose of the danger source identification is as follows: identifying all potential hazards and dangerous events which affect property, personnel and environment through event tree analysis; input conditions are provided for QRA studies.

In LNG refueling systems, most hazardous situations are caused by the leakage of flammable liquids or gases that may create vapor cloud dispersed fires or explosions, and the pore size of the leakage is calculated as follows:

5mm equivalent pore size, S leak, equivalent typical seals, gaskets, lines or instrumentation interface small leaks (1-5mm leak range);

10mm equivalent aperture, M1 leak, equivalent typical seal, gasket, line crack or meter interface crack (5-15mm leak range);

25mm equivalent pore size, M2 leak, equivalent typical seal, gasket, line crack or instrument interface crack (15-35mm leak range);

40mm equivalent aperture, M3 leak, equivalent typical seal, gasket, line crack or meter interface crack (35-50mm leak range);

complete rupture, FB complete rupture, equivalent to rupture of the container or complete rupture of the line (>50mm leak range).

(2) Frequency analysis:

the component counting method comprises the following steps: the purpose of the part count is to identify all sources of leakage in the analysis system; the node part count comprises parts such as equipment, containers, pipelines, valves, flanges and the like, and the sizes of the parts are recorded;

leakage frequency: the frequency calculation for each failure scenario is based on a reliable historical failure frequency database. In the simulation software, detailed statistical components and equipment failure frequencies for each failure scenario are considered. The frequency calculation was performed using LEAK software. For a receiving station, LNG/NG is a non-corrosive fluid, the leakage frequency is lower compared with other industries, and the frequency of components and equipment is corrected by 0.6 on the basis of a Leak software calculation structure;

the ignition probability: in the LNG storage yard facility area, the main fixed ignition sources are peripheral plant area torches and vehicles outside the boundary area, and for the whole storage yard, the fixed ignition sources belong to the category of few ignition sources, so that the delayed ignition probability is selected to be 0.2.

(3) And (4) result analysis:

the consequences of leakage are simulated by using PHAST software, and the leakage rate, diffusion distance, flame characteristics and the like can be obtained through software simulation; mainly comprises the following steps of fire hazard analysis: injection of a fire event: according to the accumulated sum of the consequences of fire injection of the dangerous event and the frequency data analysis, selecting a typical credible event for analysis; (ii) a flashover event: and selecting a typical credible event according to the sum of the fire flashover accumulation of the dangerous event and the frequency data analysis.

(4) And (3) risk calculation:

including (a) personnel and ignition source distribution; (b) individual risk, i.e. the risk value at which a person is at a certain position 24 hours a day throughout the year; (c) an external safety protection distance; (d) social risks.

(5) And (3) risk evaluation: and after calculating the risk, evaluating and giving a suggestion.

The injection fire event analysis was performed for the scheme in this example:

selecting nodes 1-S and 2-S as typical credible events for leakage fire spraying events aiming at a heavy tank field area (a group of 10 tank boxes), and carrying out consequence analysis;

selecting nodes 3-S and 4-S as typical credible events for leakage fire spraying events aiming at an empty tank yard area (a group of 10 tank boxes), and carrying out consequence analysis;

carrying out consequence analysis on the PSV (PSV refers to a pressure safety valve) discharge events of the tank boxes at the

nodes

5 and 6; the node 5 is a PSV of the LNG tank in the heavy tank yard; the node 6 is an empty tank yard LNG tank PSV;

as shown in fig. 5-1, a jet fire event analysis interface of 1-S, showing that 1-S is the range of thermal radiation generated by liquid phase leakage from LNG tanks in a heavy tank yard, which is a group of tanks near the 2# concierge; as shown in fig. 5-2, which is a 2-S jet fire event analysis interface, showing that 2-S is the range of thermal radiation generated by gas phase leakage of LNG tanks in a heavy tank yard, which is a group of tanks near a # 2 entrance guard; as shown in fig. 5-3, a 3-S jet fire event analysis interface, showing that 3-S is the range of thermal radiation generated by liquid phase leakage of LNG tanks in an empty tank yard, the group of tanks being a group of tanks near an office area; as shown in fig. 5-4, a 4-S jet fire event analysis interface, showing the thermal radiation range of 4-S generated by the gas phase leakage of LNG tanks in an empty tank yard, the group of tanks being a group of tanks near the office area; as shown in FIGS. 5-5, the jet fire event analysis interface for node 5 shows the thermal radiation range generated by node 5-PSV-1, ground level; as shown in fig. 5-6, a jet fire event analysis interface for node 5, showing the thermal radiation range generated by node 5-PSV-2, ground level; 5-7, which is a jet fire event analysis interface for node 6, showing the thermal radiation range generated by node 6-PSV-1, ground level; 5-8, which is a jet fire event analysis interface for node 6, showing the thermal radiation range generated by node 6-PSV-2, ground level; 5-9, which is a jet fire event analysis interface for node 5, showing the range of thermal radiation generated at node 5-PSV-1, 2.5m height; 5-10, which is a jet fire event analysis interface for node 5, showing the range of thermal radiation generated for node 5-PSV-2, 2.5m height; 5-11, which is a jet fire event analysis interface for node 6, showing the range of thermal radiation generated at node 6-PSV-1, 2.5m height; 5-12, which is a jet fire event analysis interface for node 6, showing the range of thermal radiation generated at node 6-PSV-2, 2.5m height;

the nodes 5-PSV-1 and 5-PSV-2 are two different PSVs selected by the node 5 (in the double-box tank box); the nodes 6-PSV-1 and 6-PSV-2 are two different PSVs selected by the node 6 (in the empty tank box);

as can be seen from the above simulation results, 32kW/m is observed when a typical liquid phase leakage fire injection event occurs in each tank group²The maximum influence range of the heat radiation is 5.81m and 15kW/m²The maximum influence range of the heat radiation is 6.54m and 8kW/m²The maximum influence range of the heat radiation is 7.04m and 5kW/m²The maximum influence range of the heat radiation of (2) is 7.69 m. The thermal radiation influence range is limited in each group of tank boxes, and no obvious thermal radiation influence is caused on adjacent tank box groups.

When each group of tank boxes generate gas phase leakage, 5-32 kW/m²The maximum influence range of the heat radiation of (2.31 m). Limited in the range of the tank group, certain influence may be generated on foundation facilities in the group, influence is generated on adjacent tank metal structures and outer surfaces of storage tanks in the group, and even the tank structures are damaged, but the influence does not exceed the range of the tank group.

32kW/m when tank PSV is over-pressure vented²The maximum influence range of the heat radiation is 15.27m and 15kW/m²The maximum influence range of the heat radiation is 16.73m and 8kW/m²Has a maximum influence range of 18.26m and a maximum influence range of 19.46m for 5kW/m 2.5 kW/m²The thermal radiation influence of (2) does not exist in an administrative building; 8kW/m²Building structures such as a control room, a maintenance workshop, a laboratory and the like do not exist in the heat radiation influence range; 32kW/m²And 15kW/m²The influence of the thermal radiation on the adjacent tank box groups is limited, and the thermal radiation threshold requirements are met by arranging the tank box groups.

Flash events were analyzed for the protocol in this example:

for a heavy tank yard area (group of 10 tanks): selecting the node 1-M2 and 2-M2 leakage flashover events as typical credible events, and carrying out consequence analysis;

for an empty tank yard area (a group of 10 tanks): selecting the node 3-M2 and 4-M2 leakage flashover events as typical credible events, and carrying out consequence analysis;

carrying out consequence analysis on PSV (tank safety hazard) release events of the

nodes

5 and 6;

as shown in fig. 6-1, the injection fire event analysis interface is 1-M, and 1-M is the influence range of the flash fire event caused by the liquid phase leakage of the LNG tank in the heavy tank yard, and the group of tanks is a group of tanks close to the 2# entrance guard;

as shown in fig. 6-2, which is a 2-M injection fire event analysis interface, 2-M is the impact range of a flash fire event caused by a liquid phase leakage of an LNG tank in a heavy tank yard, and the group of tanks is a group of tanks close to a 2# entrance guard;

6-3, which is a 3-M jet fire event analysis interface, and 3-M is the impact range of a flash fire event caused by a liquid phase leak of an LNG tank in a heavy tank yard, which is a group of tanks close to a 2# concierge;

6-4, which is a 4-M jet fire event analysis interface, 4-M is the flash fire event impact range resulting from a liquid phase leak from an LNG tank in a heavy tank yard, which is a group of tanks near the 2# concierge;

as shown in fig. 6-5, a flash event analysis interface for node 5 is shown to show the impact range of flash caused by node 5, PSV leakage;

as shown in fig. 6-6, a flash event analysis interface for the node 6 is shown, showing the impact range of the flash generated by the leakage of the PSV of the node 6;

from the simulation results, the influence range is large when the liquid phase leaks when a typical credible flash-fire event occurs in the tank box set. When a typical 1-M2 fire hazard occurs in a tank yard, the 50% LFL encompasses most of the west side of the yard where there are manned structures such as heavy tank yards # 1 and # 2, empty tank yards # 3 and # 4, complex logistics, administrative office, central control room, main and loading control rooms, etc.

When a PSV discharge event occurs, the range of diffusion of the flammable gas cloud is small, the maximum diffusion distance is about 18.5m, and 50% of LFL is confined inside the yard but affects the yard guard room.

Proposal 1: the valve box is provided with reasonable measures to lead the leaked liquid into the liquid drainage channel, so that the influence range of liquid leakage and diffusion can be obviously reduced.

Proposal 2: combustible gas detection is arranged in a manned region (such as a tank yard entrance guard, a comprehensive logistics building, an administrative office building, a central control room, a main entrance guard and a loading control room), and once the combustible gas exceeds the standard, the combustible gas can be timely found and evacuated, so that the accident consequence is reduced.

Suggestion 3: from the perspective of safety design, based on 1-M2 and 3-M2 events, reasonable combustible gas detection facilities are arranged in a tank yard, combustible gas leakage and diffusion accidents are found in time, and an emergency plan is started.

The outcome analysis is carried out on pool fire and gas cloud diffusion of the liquid collecting pool aiming at the scheme in the embodiment:

consequence analysis is carried out on gas cloud diffusion of the collecting tanks of the tank yard of the nodes 14-1, 14-2, 14-3, 15-1 and 15-2, and as shown in the figure 1, the nodes 14-1, 14-2 and 14-3 are three collecting tanks of 1#, 2# and 3# in sequence from right to left of the heavy tank yard, and the nodes 15-1 and 15-2 are two collecting tanks of 4# and 5# in sequence from right to left of the empty tank yard.

Considering that 17500kg of LNG leakage can be generated by a single LNG heavy tank, the volume is about 37m³。

The dimensions of the designed 1#, 2# and 3# sumps are 4m (w) 4m (l). Considering the leakage amount in the largest leakage scene, 2.32m of space is needed for storing LNG, and considering the foam covering height at the upper part of the liquid collecting tank and a certain volume occupied by the facilities in the liquid collecting tank, the size of the liquid collecting tank is 4m (W) 4m (L) 4m (h);

FIG. 7-1 heavy box yard # 1 catch basin fire impact range; 7-2 heavy box yard # 2 catch basin fire impact range; 7-3 heavy box yard # 3 catch basin fire impact range;

according to the calculation result of Phast, the 15-32 kW/m can be seen from the figure²Within the heat radiation range of (a), without any fixed facilities; 8kW/m²In the influence range, building structures (such as a control room, a maintenance workshop, a laboratory, a warehouse and the like) are not arranged in the range according to the design information; 5kW/m²In the influence range, according to design data, no person concentration area such as an administrative building is arranged in the range; 4kW/m²No activity place of more than 50 people exists within the influence range of (1); 9kW/m²No reuse buildings such as activity places, schools, hospitals, prisons, detention places, residential areas and the like exist in the influence range of the system; 30kW/m²The influence range of the heat radiation is free of any fireproof structures, and the requirement of the heat radiation threshold is met.

The air cloud diffusion ranges of the liquid collecting pools of the heavy box storage yards 1#, 2# and 3# are shown in a table 3-1, and the maximum air cloud diffusion range in the downwind direction is shown in figures 7-4, 7-5 and 7-6.

TABLE 3-1 heavy-box yard 1#, 2# and 3# sumps air cloud diffusion influence distance

LFL refers to the lower limit of ignition, and UFL refers to the upper limit of ignition.

Fig. 7-4 are the heavy box yard # 1 pool air cloud diffusion influence ranges, fig. 7-5 are the heavy box yard # 2 pool air cloud diffusion influence ranges, and fig. 7-6 are the heavy box yard # 3 pool air cloud diffusion influence ranges;

according to the Phast calculation result, under the 2F gas phase working condition, the 50% LFL influence range is 80.05m, and the requirement of the specification is met without exceeding a factory boundary area. Heavy box yard # 1 concierge, # 2 concierge, and empty box yard # 3 concierge are not within 50% of the LFL impact range.

② empty case storage yard 4# and 5# collecting tanks

Considering that a single empty LNG tank may generate 500kg of LNG leakage, the volume is about 1.05m³。

The size of the designed sump was 4m (w) 4m (l). Considering the leakage amount in the largest leakage scene, the required space of 0.07m for storing LNG, additionally considering the foam covering height at the upper part of the liquid collecting pool and a certain volume occupied by the facilities in the pool, and setting the size of the liquid collecting pool to be 4m (W) 4m (L) 4m (h) for the uniformity of construction;

7-7 empty box yard No. 4 catch basin fire impact range; 7-8 empty box yard No. 5 collecting basin fire influence scope;

according to the calculation result of Phast, the 15-32 kW/m can be seen from the figure²Within the heat radiation range of (a), without any fixed facilities; 8kW/m²Within the range of influence of (a), no building structures (e.g., control rooms, maintenance plants, laboratories, warehouses, etc.) are located; 5kW/m²Within the influence range of (1), no person concentration area such as an administrative building is arranged within the range, 4kW/m²No activity place of more than 50 people within the influence range of (2), 30kW/m²The influence range of the heat radiation is free of any fireproof structures, and the requirement of the heat radiation threshold is met.

The air cloud diffusion ranges of the collecting tanks of the empty box storage yard No. 4 and No. 5 are shown in the table 3-2, and the maximum air cloud diffusion range in the downwind direction is shown in the figures 7-9 and 7-10.

TABLE 3-2 influence distance of air cloud diffusion in empty box storage yard 4# and 5# collecting tanks

The air cloud diffusion influence range of the empty box yard No. 4 collecting pool in FIGS. 7-9; 7-10 empty box yard # 5 sump gas cloud spread impact range;

according to the Phast calculation result, under the 2F gas phase working condition, the 50% LFL influence range is 64.62m, and the requirement of the specification is met without exceeding a factory boundary area. The empty bin yard # 3 concierge, the # 4 concierge, and the heavy bin yard # 2 concierge are not within 50% of the LFL impact range.

And (3) risk calculation:

(1) the distribution of personnel and ignition sources, and the distribution of personnel and ignition sources is analyzed to obtain the ignition probability of 0.04;

(2) the range of individual risk contours is: when the load is designed based on the tank yard (10 ten thousand tons per year of the yard transfer capacity and 50% of the capacity utilization rate of the heavy tank yard), the annual individual risk of operators in the heavy tank yard is lower than an unacceptable limit value (1.0E-03 per year), and the requirement of a threshold value is met;

(3) risk analysis is carried out on facilities and places outside the station, the risk is ensured to be lower than 1.0E-09, and the requirement that the regulatory requirement is lower than the standard value of 3.0E-06 is met;

(4) the social risk curve of the LNG tank yard to surrounding personnel is in a national specified FN curve acceptable area, and the requirement of the law is met.

And (3) risk evaluation:

according to the jet fire analysis, the flash fire analysis, the liquid collecting tank analysis and the risk analysis, the current scheme can ensure that the risk and the safety distance meet the requirements of regulations.

In summary, it can be seen from the consequence analysis and risk analysis that the distance between the buildings around the rear land LNG tank yard is:

(a) and determining that the distance between the LNG tank and a dormitory building, a comprehensive building or an office building is not less than 65m, the distance between the LNG tank and a mobile machinery warehouse or an emergency equipment warehouse is not less than 30m, and the distance between the LNG tank and a entrance guard is not less than 20 m.

(b) The distance between the liquid collecting pool and a dormitory building, a comprehensive building, an office building and a main control room is determined to be not less than 81m through research, and a combustible gas detection facility is additionally arranged in the influence range of vapor cloud diffusion of the liquid collecting pool, so that once combustible gas leakage is detected, the combustible gas leakage can be timely found and an emergency response can be made.

Can meet the safety requirement.

The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The rear land LNG tank yard is characterized by comprising an empty tank yard, a heavy tank yard and a liquid collecting pool, wherein protective enclosing walls are arranged on the peripheries of the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard, at least one outlet and at least one inlet are arranged on the protective enclosing walls, the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard are distributed at intervals, and annular transportation roads are arranged outside the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard; the empty tank yard is provided with empty tank positions which are arranged in a matrix manner, the side surface of each row or each emptying tank position is provided with a liquid guide channel, and a plurality of liquid guide channels are converged into a liquid collecting pool; the heavy tank yard is provided with heavy tank positions arranged in a matrix manner, the side surface of each row or each row of heavy tank positions is provided with a liquid guide channel, and a plurality of liquid guide channels are converged into the liquid collecting pool;

2. The aft land LNG tank yard of claim 1 wherein the empty tank yard is in one group of every ten tanks, each row comprising more than one group of tanks, the empty tank yard has at least 3 rows of tanks, the heavy tank yard is in one group of every ten tanks, each row comprising more than one group of tanks, and the heavy tank yard has at least 3 rows of tanks.

3. The aft land LNG tank yard of claim 1 wherein each set of tanks of the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard are arranged in 2 x 5 rows with vehicle channels between adjacent rows and vehicle roads between tanks and protective enclosures.

4. The aft land LNG tank yard of claim 3 wherein the distance between two columns in each group of tanks is at least 3m and the distance between adjacent rows is at least 1 m.

5. The aft land LNG tank yard of claim 1 wherein the empty tank yard is vertically spaced from both the outlet and inlet by no less than 20m and the heavy tank yard is vertically spaced from both the outlet and inlet by no less than 20 m.

6. The rear land area LNG tank yard of claim 1, wherein an office area is provided on one side of the empty tank yard, and the office area is not less than 65m from the empty tank yard.

7. The aft land LNG tank yard of claim 6 wherein the sumps of the empty tank yard and the heavy tank yard are both disposed on a side away from an office area, the sumps being no less than 81m from the office area.

8. The rear land LNG tank yard of claim 1, wherein the heavy tank yard is provided with a mobile machinery warehouse and an emergency equipment warehouse at one side, and the distance between the heavy tank yard and the mobile machinery warehouse and the distance between the heavy tank yard and the emergency equipment warehouse are not less than 30 m.

9. The aft land LNG tank yard of claim 1, wherein the sump has a size of 4m x 4 m.

10. The aft land LNG tank yard of claim 1, wherein the LNG tank yard is at a linear distance of at least 150m from the forward filling station.