CN112049280A - Catalytic purification-sterilization type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall - Google Patents

Catalytic purification-sterilization type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall Download PDF

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CN112049280A
CN112049280A CN202010955004.0A CN202010955004A CN112049280A CN 112049280 A CN112049280 A CN 112049280A CN 202010955004 A CN202010955004 A CN 202010955004A CN 112049280 A CN112049280 A CN 112049280A
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ventilation
air
indoor
thermal
photovoltaic
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余本东
季杰
柯伟
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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University of Science and Technology of China USTC
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
    • A61L9/16—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using physical phenomena
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/005—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8668—Removing organic compounds not provided for in B01D53/8603 - B01D53/8665
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/14—Paints containing biocides, e.g. fungicides, insecticides or pesticides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/16—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by purification, e.g. by filtering; by sterilisation; by ozonisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F7/00—Ventilation
    • F24F7/04—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation
    • F24F7/06—Ventilation with ducting systems, e.g. by double walls; with natural circulation with forced air circulation, e.g. by fan positioning of a ventilator in or against a conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/70—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed through tubular absorbing conduits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/42—Cooling means
    • H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/25—Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/704—Solvents not covered by groups B01D2257/702 - B01D2257/7027
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/45—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications
    • B01D2259/4508—Gas separation or purification devices adapted for specific applications for cleaning air in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall, which realizes the switching of different modes by controlling the opening and closing of baffles at each ventilation opening, wherein the ventilation baffles comprise an outdoor ventilation baffle (D1), an indoor lower ventilation baffle (D2) and an indoor upper ventilation baffle (D3); the vents include an outdoor vent (V1), an indoor lower vent (V2), and an indoor upper vent (V3); the adsorption-thermal catalysis coating is sprayed on the back surface of the heat absorption plate (5), the thermal catalysis technology, the thermal sterilization technology and the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal technology are innovatively combined for utilization, the functions of power generation in heating seasons, passive heating ventilation, air purification and thermal sterilization can be realized, and the functions of power generation in non-heating seasons, domestic hot water preparation, passive cooling, purification and thermal sterilization are realized; in a transition season, the functions of preparing domestic hot water and passively warming can be flexibly realized by adjusting the ventilation baffle plate while generating electricity, degrading formaldehyde by thermal catalysis and sterilizing by heat according to building requirements.

Description

Catalytic purification-sterilization type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar energy utilization and building environment control, and particularly relates to a catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall.
Background
In one aspect, the main forms of solar energy utilization in conjunction with buildings include: building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV), building integrated photothermal (BIST), building integrated photovoltaics and photothermal (BIPV-T), and the like. The photovoltaic building integration and photo-thermal building integration technology has the problems of single function, poor adjustability, high cost, low comprehensive solar energy utilization efficiency and the like. In the photovoltaic and photo-thermal building integrated technology, for a photovoltaic-hot air mode, a heat collection function is in an idle state in non-heating seasons, and the power generation efficiency and the service life of a photovoltaic cell are obviously influenced by high temperature; for photovoltaic-hot water mode, in cold seasons, water freezing inside the system can occur resulting in damage to the piping or collectors. Therefore, a need exists for a low-cost, multifunctional, year-round, flexible and reliable operation method and a high-efficiency photovoltaic photo-thermal solar energy utilization strategy integrated with a building.
On the other hand, the indoor air pollution problem is receiving more and more attention. The formaldehyde purification technology mainly comprises an adsorption filtration technology, a photocatalytic oxidation technology, a biological purification technology and a thermal catalysis purification technology. The widely used adsorption type air purification technology can only reduce the content of indoor pollutants emergently, and secondary pollution can be caused after adsorption saturation. The thermal catalytic oxidation purification technology is a technology for thermally catalyzing and degrading indoor pollutants by a thermal catalyst under the drive of heat, and has great potential for being combined with solar energy. The combination of the adsorption technology and the catalysis technology can improve the catalysis efficiency, and is particularly suitable for treating indoor gaseous pollution with low concentration.
Moreover, the thermal sterilization technology is a process of inactivating bacteria and viruses at high temperature, is a safe, effective and environment-friendly method, and is widely applied to removal of microorganisms in the pharmaceutical and beverage industries. The 45 ℃ environment inhibits the self-repair of bacterial and viral DNA and RNA. Above 55 ℃, the DNA and RNA of bacteria and viruses are destroyed. The bus disinfection method is characterized in that all pathogenic microorganisms are effectively removed by treating for 30min at the temperature of 60-82 ℃. Similarly, for SARS virus, no activity was detected by heating at 56 deg.C for 30min and 70 deg.C for 15 min. A new diagnosis and treatment protocol for coronavirus pneumonia (trial seventh edition) indicated that virus could be inactivated after 30min by heating at 56 deg.C for 30 min.
Therefore, the invention combines and utilizes the thermal catalysis technology, the thermal sterilization technology and the solar photovoltaic photo-thermal technology, can realize the functions of power generation in heating seasons, passive heating ventilation, air purification and thermal sterilization, and realize the functions of power generation in non-heating seasons, domestic hot water preparation, passive cooling, purification and thermal sterilization; in a transition season, the functions of preparing domestic hot water and passively warming can be flexibly realized by adjusting the ventilation baffle plate while generating electricity, degrading formaldehyde by thermal catalysis and sterilizing by heat according to building requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects that the traditional Trombe wall is single in function and difficult to apply in summer, the invention provides a catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall system which can effectively utilize solar energy to realize the functions of power generation, passive heating ventilation, air purification and thermal sterilization disinfection in a heating season and realize the functions of power generation, domestic hot water preparation, passive cooling, purification and thermal sterilization disinfection in a non-heating season.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall comprises a glass cover plate 1, a closed air layer 2, a photovoltaic module 3, a water pipe 4, a heat absorbing plate 5, an adsorption-thermal catalysis coating 6, an air flow channel 7, a heat storage wall 8, a cold water inlet 9 and a hot water outlet 10, wherein the glass cover plate 1 is positioned on the outermost side of the wall and is made of white glass, the transmittance of the glass cover plate in a sunlight wave band is more than 90%, and more solar radiation can penetrate through the glass cover plate and enter the wall; the closed air layer 2 is positioned between the glass cover plate 1 and the photovoltaic module 3 and is used for preventing the system from radiating to the outdoor environment; the water pipe 4 is welded on the back of the heat absorbing plate 5; the photovoltaic module 3 is used for generating electricity, and the standard generating efficiency reaches 20-30%; the water pipe 4 is used for obtaining indoor hot water in non-heating seasons and taking away redundant heat of the photovoltaic module 3; the air flow channel 7 is positioned between the heat absorbing plate 5 and the heat storage wall body 8 and used for heating, purifying and sterilizing indoor air in a heating season through thermosiphon action, purifying and sterilizing the indoor air in a non-heating season, and reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic module and the temperature of the wall body; the cold water inlet 9 and the hot water outlet 10 are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the water pipe 4, and different modes are switched by controlling the opening and closing of baffles at the vent positions, wherein the ventilation baffles comprise an outdoor ventilation baffle D1, an indoor lower ventilation baffle D2 and an indoor upper ventilation baffle D3; the ventilation openings comprise an outdoor ventilation opening V1, an indoor lower ventilation opening V2 and an indoor upper ventilation opening V3, the back of the absorber plate 5 is sprayed with an adsorption-thermal catalysis coating 6, and the adsorption-thermal catalysis coating 6 comprises the adsorption material and the thermal catalysis material.
Further, an indoor lower ventilation baffle D2 and an indoor upper ventilation baffle D3 are opened, an outdoor ventilation baffle D1 and a cold water inlet 9 are closed, a photovoltaic-air passive heating mode is operated, the temperature of the photovoltaic module rises while generating electricity under the action of solar radiation, a thermal catalysis layer is heated, air in an air flow channel is heated by the thermal catalysis layer to generate natural convection, after the air containing formaldehyde and bacterial viruses is heated to a certain temperature, the processes of thermal catalytic degradation of formaldehyde and thermal sterilization occur, and clean hot air flows into the room.
Further, in a non-heating season mode, the cold water inlet 9 is opened, the indoor lower ventilation baffle D2 and the outdoor ventilation baffle D1 are opened, the indoor upper ventilation baffle D3 is closed, a photovoltaic-hot water mode is operated, the photovoltaic module generates electricity under the action of solar radiation, cold water in the water pipe is circularly heated, air in the air flow channel is heated by the thermal catalysis layer to form natural convection, the formaldehyde is degraded through thermal catalysis, a heat sterilization process is carried out, clean air flows outdoors, meanwhile, the wall body can be heated through the cooling effect of water flow in the water pipe and air in the air flow channel, and the indoor cold load is reduced, so that the composite wall body can achieve the functions of electric energy generation, hot water supply, ventilation cooling and air purification.
Furthermore, in a transition season, the functions of preparing domestic hot water and passively heating can be flexibly realized by adjusting the outdoor ventilation baffle D1, the indoor lower ventilation baffle D2 and the indoor upper ventilation baffle D3 while generating electricity, degrading formaldehyde by thermal catalysis and sterilizing by heat according to building requirements.
Furthermore, the adsorption material is a mesoporous silica gel/activated carbon material, the pore diameter is 2-50nm, the thermal catalytic material is a MnOx-CeO2 material, the mass ratio of the thermal catalytic material to the adsorbent is about 1-5%, the adsorption-thermal catalytic coating is prepared by adopting a spraying-drying-sintering process, the drying temperature and time are 80 ℃ and 3 hours, and the sintering temperature and time are 200-300 ℃ and 40 minutes.
Further, the temperature of air in the air flow channel reaches 50-80 ℃ through the control of the opening of the baffle, the retention time reaches 2-20s, the heat inactivation temperature and time of typical bacteria and viruses are effectively reached, the bacteria capable of being effectively heat inactivated comprise escherichia coli, listeria, lactobacillus plantarum, bemopsis fudunnii, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the viruses comprise SARS, H1N1 and COVID-19.
The principle of the invention is as follows: the invention can realize the functions of power generation, passive heating ventilation, air purification and thermal sterilization and disinfection in heating seasons, and realize the functions of power generation, domestic hot water preparation, passive cooling, purification and thermal sterilization and disinfection in non-heating seasons; the problem of traditional Trombe wall function singleness has effectively been solved, on traditional winter heating function's basis, can effectively utilize solar energy to purify indoor air and degerming simultaneously, reaches the effect that promotes indoor living environment, ensures the health.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are embodied in the following aspects:
1. aiming at the defects that the traditional Trombe wall is single in function and difficult to apply in summer, the invention provides a catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall system which can effectively utilize solar energy to realize the functions of power generation, passive heating ventilation, air purification and thermal sterilization disinfection in a heating season and realize the functions of power generation, domestic hot water preparation, passive cooling, purification and thermal sterilization disinfection in a non-heating season. The technology effectively expands the functions and the use seasons of the Trombe wall, and has remarkable effects of reasonably and effectively utilizing solar energy, reducing building energy consumption and improving indoor environment.
2. An adsorption-thermal catalysis coating is additionally arranged in an air flow channel of the traditional Trombe wall, and the adsorption-thermal catalysis coating has the function of utilizing solar energy to realize the functions of purifying and sterilizing indoor air all year round. The adsorption material is mesoporous silica gel/activated carbon material with the aperture of 2-50nm, and the thermal catalysis material is MnOx-CeO2The mass ratio of the material thermal catalysis material to the adsorbent is about 1-5%, and the adsorption-thermal catalysis coating is prepared by adopting a spraying-drying-sintering process, wherein the drying temperature and time are 80 ℃ and 3 hours, and the sintering temperature and time are 200-300 ℃ and 40 minutes. The adsorption-thermal catalysis coating has reasonable structural design and material proportion, and can effectively utilize different solar irradiation intensities all year round to reach the starting temperature of thermal catalysis, so that the system can realize the effects of purifying and sterilizing indoor air all year round.
3. The opening of the baffle plate of the system can be flexibly controlled, so that the temperature of air in the air flow channel reaches 50-80 ℃, the retention time reaches 2-20s, and the heat inactivation temperature and time of typical bacteria and viruses are effectively reached. Taking the typical climate applied to the Qinghai Xining area as an example, the inlet concentration of formaldehyde is set to be 600ppb, and the average single-pass rate of formaldehyde is 0.35; the bacteria inlet concentration is 3000CFU/m3, the complete inactivation can be kept for 3-6 hours for typical bacteria (Escherichia coli, Listeria, Lactobacillus plantarum, Carcinia fudbergensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae), the virus inlet concentration is set to 1000TCID50/m3, and the inactivation of 40% -80% of the inactivation can be kept for 3-6 hours for typical bacteria (SARS virus, New crown Virus, middle east respiratory syndrome).
In conclusion, the catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall system has good market popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a heating season operation mode of the catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body;
FIG. 3 shows a non-heating season operation mode of the catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body;
FIG. 4 shows that the catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body is applied to the single conversion rate of formaldehyde in the Xining area;
FIG. 5 shows the single conversion rate of five typical bacteria in the Xining area when the multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body with catalytic purification, sterilization and disinfection functions is applied to the Xining area;
FIG. 6 shows the single conversion rate of three viruses in the Xining area when the multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body with catalytic purification, sterilization and disinfection functions is applied to the Xining area.
The sequence numbers in the above figures mean: the solar heat collector is characterized in that the solar heat collector is composed of a glass cover plate 1, a closed air layer 2, a photovoltaic module 3, a water pipe 4, a heat absorbing plate 5, an adsorption-thermal catalysis coating 6, an air flow channel 7, a heat storage wall 8, a cold water inlet 9, a hot water outlet 10, an outdoor ventilation baffle D1, an indoor lower ventilation baffle D2, an indoor upper ventilation baffle D3, an outdoor ventilation opening V1, an indoor lower ventilation opening V2 and an indoor upper ventilation opening V3.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a catalytic purification-sterilization disinfection type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall, which comprises a glass cover plate 1, a closed air layer 2, a photovoltaic module 3, a water pipe 4, a heat absorbing plate 5, an adsorption-thermocatalytic coating 6, an air flow channel 7, a heat storage wall 8, a cold water inlet 9 and a hot water outlet 10, wherein different modes are switched by controlling the opening and closing of baffles at the ventilation openings, and the ventilation baffles comprise an outdoor ventilation baffle D1, an indoor lower ventilation baffle D2 and an indoor upper ventilation baffle D3; the vents include an outdoor vent V1, an indoor lower vent V2, and an indoor upper vent V3.
Referring to fig. 1, the glass cover plate 1 is located on the outermost side of the wall body, is made of white glass, has a transmittance of more than 90% in a sunlight wave band, and has a main function of allowing more solar radiation to penetrate through the glass cover plate to enter the module and protect the module.
The closed air layer 2 is located between the glass cover plate 1 and the photovoltaic module 3, and has the main function of heat preservation and is used for preventing the system from radiating to the outdoor environment.
The photovoltaic module 3 is manufactured by a lamination and welding process, and firstly, a monocrystalline silicon PV cell is laminated on a heat absorbing plate 5 through Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA), and then a water pipe 4 is welded on the back of the heat absorbing plate 5 through laser welding. The photovoltaic module 3 is used for generating power, and the standard generating efficiency reaches 20-30%; the water pipe 4 has the main functions of obtaining indoor hot water in non-heating seasons and taking away redundant heat of the photovoltaic module 3; the main function of the absorber plate 5 is to increase the absorption of the system to solar radiation, for heating the adsorption-thermocatalytic coating 6 on the back of the absorber plate to the temperature of purification and sterilization.
The adsorption-thermal catalysis coating 6 is sprayed on the back of the heat absorption plate 5, the adsorption material is mesoporous silica gel/activated carbon material (aperture is 2-50nm), and the thermal catalysis material is MnOx-CeO2Preparing an adsorption-thermocatalytic coating by adopting a spraying-drying-sintering process; the temperature of the air in the air flow channel reaches 50-80 ℃ and the retention time reaches 2-20s through the control of the opening of the baffle plate, so that the heat inactivation temperature and time of typical bacteria and viruses are effectively reached.
The air flow channel 7 is located between the heat absorbing plate 5 and the heat storage wall body 8, and has the main functions of heating, purifying and sterilizing indoor air in heating seasons through thermosiphon, purifying and sterilizing the indoor air in non-heating seasons, and reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic module and the wall body.
The heat storage wall 8 is a conventional building wall and can play a role in heat insulation and heat storage.
The cold water inlet 9 and the hot water outlet 10 are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the water pipe 4, and have the main functions of being used as an inlet and an outlet of cold water and hot water, providing hot water for indoor use in non-heating seasons, and simultaneously being used for cooling the photovoltaic module and providing photovoltaic power generation efficiency.
The ventilation baffle includes outdoor ventilation baffle D1, indoor ventilation baffle D2 down and indoor ventilation baffle D3 on being applied to outdoor vent V1 respectively, indoor vent V2 down and indoor vent V3 department on, be located the outside top of system and indoor wall's upper and lower both ends respectively, through adjusting outdoor ventilation baffle D1, indoor ventilation baffle D2 down, indoor vent V1 is controlled to ventilation baffle D3 on, indoor vent V2 down, opening and closing of indoor vent V3 on, thereby reach effective different seasons and the functional mode of switching, realize the multi-functional of system, the purpose of high-efficient use.
The indoor lower ventilation baffle D2 and the indoor upper ventilation baffle D3 are opened, the outdoor air baffle D1 and the cold water inlet 9 are closed, a photovoltaic-air passive heating mode is operated, the temperature rises while the photovoltaic module generates electric power under the action of solar radiation, the thermal catalysis layer is heated, air in the air flow channel is heated by the thermal catalysis layer to generate natural convection, after the air containing formaldehyde and bacterial viruses is heated to a certain temperature, the processes of thermal catalysis degradation of formaldehyde and thermal sterilization and disinfection occur, and clean hot air flows into the room.
In a non-heating season mode, a cold water inlet 9 is opened, an indoor air lower ventilation baffle D2 and an outdoor ventilation baffle D1 are opened, an indoor upper ventilation baffle D3 is closed, a photovoltaic-hot water mode is operated, under the action of solar radiation, a photovoltaic module generates electricity, cold water in a water pipe is circularly heated, meanwhile, the air in an air flow channel is heated by a thermal catalysis layer to form natural convection, the processes of thermal catalysis degradation of formaldehyde and thermal sterilization occur, clean air flows outdoors, meanwhile, the wall body can be heated by water flow in the water pipe and the cooling effect of air in the air flow channel can be reduced, and the indoor cold load is reduced, so that the composite wall body can realize the functions of electric energy generation, hot water supply, ventilation cooling and air purification.
In a transition season, the functions of preparing domestic hot water and passively heating can be flexibly realized by adjusting the outdoor ventilation baffle D1, the indoor lower ventilation baffle D2 and the indoor upper ventilation baffle D3 while generating electricity, degrading formaldehyde by thermal catalysis and sterilizing by heat according to building requirements.
The adsorption material is mesoporous silica gel/activated carbon material with the aperture of 2-50nm, the thermal catalysis material is MnOx-CeO2 material, the mass ratio of the thermal catalysis material to the adsorbent is about 1-5%, the adsorption-thermal catalysis coating is prepared by adopting a spraying-drying-sintering process, the drying temperature and time are 80 ℃ and 3 hours, and the sintering temperature and time are 200-300 ℃ and 40 minutes.
The air temperature in the air flow channel reaches 50-80 ℃ through the control of the opening of the baffle plate, the retention time reaches 2-20s, the heat inactivation temperature and time of typical bacteria and viruses are effectively reached, the bacteria capable of being effectively heat inactivated comprise escherichia coli, listeria, lactobacillus plantarum, bemophilus fudunbergii, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the viruses comprise SARS, H1N1 and COVID-19.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, in the heating season, the indoor upper ventilation damper D3 and the indoor lower ventilation damper D2 are opened to open the indoor upper vent V3 and the indoor lower vent V2, and the outdoor ventilation damper D1 is closed to close the outdoor vent V1; the cold water inlet 9 and the hot water outlet 10 are closed. Sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic module 3 through the glass cover plate 1, the sunlight is used for generating electricity to supply electricity for the interior of a building, and residual solar irradiation heat heats the adsorption-thermocatalytic coating to 6-60-80 ℃ under the action of the heat absorbing plate to reach the starting temperature of the thermocatalytic material, so that the air purification effect is realized; meanwhile, cold air in the room enters an air flow channel 7 of the system through an indoor lower vent opening V2, the air in the air flow channel is heated to more than 50 ℃ by the adsorption-thermal catalysis coating 6, and bacteria-containing air (such as enterobacteria, listeria, lactobacillus plantarum, Shanfudun Baum Zymobacter, saccharomyces cerevisiae and the like) in the air flow channel is subjected to high-temperature thermal sterilization; the clean air, eventually cleaned and sterilized, returns to the room through the indoor upper vent V3. In conclusion, the system can realize the functions of power generation, passive heating and ventilation, air purification and thermal sterilization in the heating season.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, in the non-heating season, the indoor lower ventilation damper D2 and the outdoor ventilation damper D1 are opened to open the indoor lower vent V3 and the outdoor vent V1, and the indoor upper ventilation damper D3 is closed to close the indoor upper vent V1; the cold water inlet 9 and the hot water outlet 10 are opened. Sunlight irradiates the photovoltaic module 3 through the glass cover plate 1, the sunlight is used for generating electricity to supply electricity to a building, one part of residual solar irradiation heat is used for heating the water pipe 4 to obtain hot water, the temperature of the hot water is about 50-80 ℃, the requirement of domestic hot water can be met, meanwhile, the temperature of the photovoltaic module can be reduced through the water pipe, and the generating efficiency of the photovoltaic module is improved; the other part of the residual heat heats the heat absorbing plate, the heat absorbing plate heats the adsorption-thermocatalytic coating 6 to 45-70 ℃ in a heat conduction mode to reach the starting temperature of the thermocatalytic material, and the air purification effect is realized; meanwhile, indoor cold air enters the air flow channel 7 of the system through the indoor lower vent V2, formaldehyde in the air is adsorbed on the surface of the adsorption-thermal catalysis coating 6 and is further purified and sterilized by heat, so that clean air is obtained, and meanwhile, the indoor cold air can effectively cool the photovoltaic module 3 and the heat storage wall body 8, so that the indoor cold load is reduced; the clean air that is eventually cleaned is vented to the atmosphere through the outdoor vent V1. In conclusion, the system can realize the functions of generating electricity, preparing domestic hot water, passively cooling, purifying, thermally sterilizing and disinfecting in non-heating seasons.
(1) Applied to the Xining area, and the average solar radiation intensity is 620.6W/m2And under the condition that the ambient temperature is 18.1 ℃, the temperature of an air outlet can reach about 90 ℃, the average temperature of a flow passage is more than 60 ℃, and the average heat efficiency of air is 46%.
Referring to fig. 4, the formaldehyde inlet concentration was set at 600ppb with an average single conversion of formaldehyde of 0.35;
referring to FIG. 5, the bacteria inlet concentration was 3000CFU/m3After reaching the initial heat inactivation temperature (about 50 ℃) at about 12:30, the bacteria begin to inactivate, the single inactivation rate rapidly approaches 1 and is maintained for several hours at about 17:00Right rapidly drops to 0;
referring to FIG. 6, the virus inlet concentration was set at 1000TCID50/m3For single-pass inactivation rates, middle east respiratory syndrome ≈ sars > new corona, with the maximum single-pass inactivation rate of the first two being about 90% and the new corona virus 60.
(2) See table 1 for the system's application to the annual electrical, thermal and energy saving performance scenario in the corning region.
TABLE 1
Efficiency of Value of
Annual average electrical efficiency 12.1％
Annual energy production (kWh) 268.4
Heating combination with reduced years (kWh) 1510.0
Reduced heat gain through south wall (kWh) 18.4
Efficiency of hot water 44.8％
Total energy savings (kWh) 2412.3

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a multi-functional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body of catalytic purification-degerming virus killing type which characterized in that: the solar heat collector comprises a glass cover plate (1), a closed air layer (2), a photovoltaic module (3), a water pipe (4), a heat absorbing plate (5), an adsorption-thermocatalytic coating (6), an air flow channel (7), a heat storage wall body (8), a cold water inlet (9) and a hot water outlet (10), wherein the glass cover plate (1) is located on the outermost side of the wall body and is made of white glass, the transmittance of the glass cover plate in a sunlight wave band is more than 90%, and more solar radiation can penetrate through the glass cover plate and enter the wall body; the closed air layer (2) is positioned between the glass cover plate (1) and the photovoltaic module (3) and is used for preventing the system from radiating to the outdoor environment; the water pipe (4) is welded on the back of the heat absorbing plate (5); the photovoltaic module (3) is used for generating electricity, and the standard generating efficiency reaches 20-30%; the water pipe (4) is used for obtaining indoor hot water in non-heating seasons and taking away the redundant heat of the photovoltaic module (3); the air flow channel (7) is located between the heat absorbing plate (5) and the heat storage wall body (8) and used for heating, purifying and sterilizing indoor air in a heating season through thermosiphon, purifying and sterilizing the indoor air in a non-heating season, and reducing the temperature of the photovoltaic module and the temperature of the wall body; the cold water inlet (9) and the hot water outlet (10) are respectively positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the water pipe (4), different modes are switched by controlling the opening and closing of baffles at each vent, and the ventilation baffles comprise an outdoor ventilation baffle (D1), an indoor lower ventilation baffle (D2) and an indoor upper ventilation baffle (D3); the ventilation openings comprise an outdoor ventilation opening (V1), an indoor lower ventilation opening (V2) and an indoor upper ventilation opening (V3), the back of the heat absorbing plate (5) is sprayed with an adsorption-thermal catalysis coating (6), and the adsorption-thermal catalysis coating (6) comprises the adsorption material and the thermal catalysis material.
2. The multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body with the functions of catalytic purification, sterilization and disinfection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the adsorption material is a mesoporous silica gel/activated carbon material with the aperture of 2-50nm, the thermal catalysis material is MnOx-CeO2 material, and the adsorption-thermal catalysis coating is prepared by adopting a spraying-drying-sintering process; the adjustment of the different modes is controlled by the opening of the baffle plate, the temperature of the air in the air flow channel reaches 50-80 ℃, the retention time reaches 2-20s, and the heat inactivation temperature and time of typical bacteria and viruses are effectively reached; the photovoltaic-hot air mode and the photovoltaic-hot water mode are respectively applied to the heating season and the non-heating season, the annual utilization rate of solar energy is high, the power generation efficiency and the service life of the photovoltaic cell are obviously improved, and the system reliability is high.
3. The multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body with the functions of catalytic purification, sterilization and disinfection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the heating season mode, an indoor lower ventilation baffle (D2) and an indoor upper ventilation baffle (D3) are opened, an outdoor ventilation baffle (D1) and a cold water inlet (9) are closed, a photovoltaic-air passive heating mode is operated, the temperature of a photovoltaic module rises while electric power is generated under the action of solar radiation, a thermal catalysis layer is heated, air in an air flow channel is heated by the thermal catalysis layer to generate natural convection, after the air containing formaldehyde and bacterial viruses is heated to a certain temperature, the processes of thermal catalysis degradation of formaldehyde and thermal sterilization occur, and clean hot air flows into the room.
4. The multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body with the functions of catalytic purification, sterilization and disinfection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in a non-heating season mode, a cold water inlet (9) is opened, a ventilation baffle (D2) and an outdoor ventilation baffle (D1) under indoor air are opened, an indoor upper ventilation baffle (D3) is closed, a photovoltaic-hot water mode is operated, a photovoltaic module generates electricity under the action of solar radiation, cold water in a water pipe is circularly heated, air in an air flow channel is heated by a thermal catalysis layer to form natural convection, the processes of thermal catalytic degradation of formaldehyde and thermal sterilization and disinfection are generated, clean air flows outdoors, meanwhile, the wall body can be heated under the cooling action of water flow in the water pipe and air in the air flow channel, and the indoor cold load is reduced, so that the composite wall body can realize the functions of electric energy generation, hot water supply, ventilation cooling and air purification.
5. The multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body with the functions of catalytic purification, sterilization and disinfection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the transition season, the functions of preparing domestic hot water and passively heating can be flexibly realized by adjusting an outdoor ventilation baffle (D1), an indoor lower ventilation baffle (D2) and an indoor upper ventilation baffle (D3) while generating electricity, degrading formaldehyde by thermal catalysis and sterilizing by heat according to building requirements.
6. The multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body with the functions of catalytic purification, sterilization and disinfection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the adsorption material is mesoporous silica gel/activated carbon material with the aperture of 2-50nm, the thermal catalysis material is MnOx-CeO2 material, the mass ratio of the thermal catalysis material to the adsorbent is about 1-5%, the adsorption-thermal catalysis coating is prepared by adopting a spraying-drying-sintering process, the drying temperature and time are 80 ℃ and 3 hours, and the sintering temperature and time are 200-300 ℃ and 40 minutes.
7. The multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall body with the functions of catalytic purification, sterilization and disinfection as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the air temperature in the air flow channel reaches 50-80 ℃ through the control of the opening of the baffle plate, the retention time reaches 2-20s, the heat inactivation temperature and time of typical bacteria and viruses are effectively reached, the bacteria capable of being effectively heat inactivated comprise escherichia coli, listeria, lactobacillus plantarum, bemophilus fudunbergii, saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the viruses comprise SARS, H1N1 and COVID-19.
CN202010955004.0A 2020-09-11 2020-09-11 Catalytic purification-sterilization type multifunctional photovoltaic passive ventilation wall Pending CN112049280A (en)

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Cited By (4)

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CN113790492A (en) * 2021-09-22 2021-12-14 重庆大学 Trombe wall with partially covered photovoltaic and thermocatalytic combination
CN113914513A (en) * 2021-09-26 2022-01-11 浙江省建筑设计研究院 Multifunctional solar curtain wall system and working method thereof
CN114183056A (en) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-15 武汉理工大学 Photovoltaic shutter
CN114876107A (en) * 2022-05-11 2022-08-09 中国科学技术大学 Shutter type glass curtain wall for indoor dehumidification and removal of gaseous pollutants and use method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113790492A (en) * 2021-09-22 2021-12-14 重庆大学 Trombe wall with partially covered photovoltaic and thermocatalytic combination
CN113914513A (en) * 2021-09-26 2022-01-11 浙江省建筑设计研究院 Multifunctional solar curtain wall system and working method thereof
CN114183056A (en) * 2021-11-25 2022-03-15 武汉理工大学 Photovoltaic shutter
CN114876107A (en) * 2022-05-11 2022-08-09 中国科学技术大学 Shutter type glass curtain wall for indoor dehumidification and removal of gaseous pollutants and use method

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