CN112049134A - Grid for ecological slope protection and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Grid for ecological slope protection and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112049134A CN112049134A CN202011061046.6A CN202011061046A CN112049134A CN 112049134 A CN112049134 A CN 112049134A CN 202011061046 A CN202011061046 A CN 202011061046A CN 112049134 A CN112049134 A CN 112049134A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/205—Securing of slopes or inclines with modular blocks, e.g. pre-fabricated
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological slope protection, and particularly relates to a grid for the ecological slope protection and a construction method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological slope protection, and particularly relates to a grid for ecological slope protection and a construction method thereof.
Background
Most of traditional supporting structures of high fill slopes adopt gravity type, support type, anchoring type and other forms, a slope rate method is required for processing, and the traditional supporting structures have the defects of large occupied area, high manufacturing cost, complex construction, large resource consumption, poor foundation deformation adaptability, incompatibility with the environment and the like. The construction method applies the novel supporting technology of geogrid reinforced earth ecological slope protection to engineering, reasonably solves the problems of supporting and treatment of high and large fill side slopes, comprehensively solves various defects of the traditional supporting scheme, and has the advantages of economy, ecological environmental protection, land saving, resource saving and simple construction. The construction method is continuously applied to a plurality of engineering projects, the construction process is simple, the application progress is smooth, and the process quality is reliable; the construction progress is accelerated, and the construction period is shortened; the formed side slope has stable structure, the greening rate of the slope surface is 100 percent, and the whole side slope is attractive in appearance. And good economic and social benefits are obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art and solve the problems described in the background art, the invention provides a grid for ecological slope protection and a construction method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a grid construction method for ecological slope protection, which comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring and positioning
(1) Calculating a corner coordinate point of an upper slope line of the geogrid reinforced earth protection slope according to design drawing data, and performing positioning lofting on site by using a total station and a GPS (global positioning system) locator;
(2) measuring the terrain elevation on the spot at intervals of 5m along the lofting gray line;
(3) calculating the height difference between the actual terrain elevation and the theoretical elevation of the upper slope line, multiplying the height difference by the slope of the slope to obtain the outward extension distance of the slope foot of the downhill line, and taking the longitudinal connection line of the extension points as the position of the slope starting line;
(4) integrally extending a 1.5m working surface on the calibrated slope line to serve as a basic excavation line, calibrating pile positions, and applying gray line marks to serve as excavation marks;
(5) when the device works on the same slope protection surface and multiple different elevation points at the same time, checking and correcting the axial line positions among the different working points;
s2: excavation of foundation trench
(1) Excavating a foundation trench on the grating slope protection foundation by using a bulldozer in combination with a large earth-rock square machine of a backhoe excavator;
(2) the excavation width of the foundation trench is matched with the laying length of the grating, a soft foundation layer of the foundation in the construction range is excavated, the excavation depth is larger than 1m, and the foundation is inserted into a foundation bearing layer with design requirements, so that the laying length and the bearing capacity of the first layer of geogrid are met;
(3) the base groove is arranged at the position of the longitudinal elevation change according to the proportion of 1: 2, making step transition in aspect ratio;
(4) after the foundation trench is excavated, carrying out leveling treatment on the surface of the foundation, wherein the flatness of the foundation is less than 5mm, and the gradient of the foundation is less than 5%;
s3: grid laying
(1) Vertical slope ruler
After foundation pits are excavated and leveled, secondary measurement and positioning are carried out by utilizing the previously measured and calibrated slope rising line data, and slope rulers and rod scales are erected at intervals of 15m and slope corners of the revetment on the slope rising lines and are used as control basis for vertical elevation and slope of the grid revetment; in the implementation process of the grating, the height of each liter is 2m, and the grade rod needs to be re-approved and corrected;
(2) blanking of grid
Adopting a unidirectional plastic geogrid, wherein the standard width of the material is 1m, and the blanking length is as follows: designing the length of the implant anchor plus the length required by the lap joint of the slope surface reverse ladle and the upper layer, wherein the plastic is cut by scissors;
(3) laying of grids
a. The laying of the grid is divided into two cases: laying a bottom layer and more than two layers of grids; after the foundation pit is dug in place and before the bottom layer grating is laid, a heavy road roller is adopted to roll the foundation trench for multiple times, and the foundation soil layer is rolled to be flat, so that the grating laying operation is facilitated;
b. laying grids according to the length and the direction required by a design drawing; reserving the reverse lap length of the grating by taking a field positioning slope rising line as a standard, wherein the lap length of the primary packet is more than 1.6m, and the rest part extends and tiles towards the back side of the slope; adjacent grids are laid in a butt joint mode, and gaps cannot be formed;
c. during the laying of the grids, various machines are forbidden to pass on the geogrids which are not filled with backfill soil; the problems of bulging, wrinkling and unevenness of the geogrid are avoided, and the mechanical strength of the geogrid is reduced;
s4: bagged soil filling building block
(1) Soil bagging work
The soil bag is a 60X 80cm gunny bag, and the soil is field flat surface layer root planting soil;
(2) and building the bagged soil
The method comprises the following steps that lines are arranged between two slope rulers and a leather number rod and used as the basis for controlling the stacking axis and elevation of bagged soil, four layers of gunny bags are arranged in the height of each grid in a reverse wrapping mode, the total height is controlled to be within 400mm, the gunny bags are orderly stacked according to the slope, the horizontal direction and the vertical direction during construction and stacking, the openings of the gunny bags face the back side of the slope, and the adjacent upper and lower layers of the gunny bags are arranged in a staggered mode;
(3) patting and compacting treatment of bagged soil
After the bagged soil is built in place, the upper plane and the outer side surface of the bagged soil are compacted and leveled by adopting a wooden clapper; the compaction and flattening are beneficial to the fact that the side faces of bagged soil are tightly attached to the side faces of the bagged soil when the grids are reversely wrapped, so that the stress performance is better, the slope side is more stable, and the process is attractive in appearance, so that the linear type, the regularity and the attractiveness are ensured, and the slope is more square and regular;
s5: grid tensioning
(1) And the grid stretching working condition is divided into two conditions: one working condition is that the bottom layer grating is tensioned after the foundation pit is excavated, and the tensioning is implemented after the bagged soil is built in place; in the second working condition, after the construction layer of two or more layers of grids is entered, before tensioning, no gunny bag is laid, and tensioning can be carried out only after the gunny bag is lapped with the lower layer of reverse-wrapped grids;
(2) the grid tensioning tool comprises: an electronic tension meter, a double-hook tightener, a tension rake and an angle iron pile; hooking a transverse rib at the tail end of the grid by using a tensioning rake, then connecting a tension meter and a wire grip, fixing the rear end of the wire grip with a temporary anchor pile, and quantifying a tensioning value of the grid by acting the wire grip and reading of the tension meter, wherein when the tensioning value reaches 1.96kN, the grid is tensioned smoothly without wrinkles, the grid at a reverse wrapping part is well attached, and the quality requirement is met;
s6: grid temporary anchoring
Grid anchoring
Reinforcing steel bars and customized bamboo sticks; the reinforcing steel bar is processed into a U shape, the top end of the bamboo stick is processed into a T shape, and the length of the bamboo stick is 250 mm; the tensioned grating is arranged and nailed on the stress side of the transverse ribs of the grating in a plum blossom shape according to the size of 0.7m of the longitudinal and transverse spacing, so that all parts of the grating are smoothly tensioned and tightly attached to the ground, the rivet cannot loosen and the grating cannot wrinkle when the external force of filling soil is applied, and a tensioning tool is removed after the temporary anchoring is finished;
s7: large area layered backfill rolling
(1) After the grid is stretched and fixed, backfilling construction is carried out, and wheel-type forklift earth carrying, backhoe excavator paving and road roller rolling press fit line production are carried out; the backfilled soil is obtained by leveling and excavating earthwork of a square area in a field, the particle size is 1/3 smaller than the thickness of a single-layer backfilling layer, the sizes of soil particles are matched, and grading is uniform; carrying out layered backfill construction, wherein the layered compaction thickness is less than 300mm, and the compaction coefficient is greater than 0.94; the elevation after the backfilling and compaction is flush with the piling height of the gunny bags at the slope; the compacted filling surface layer is flat and compact without sharp-pricked bulges, the surface layer flatness is less than 15mm, and the surface layer gradient is less than 5 degrees;
(2) the backfilling operation is gradually pushed to the slope side from the periphery of the grid paved at the slope back, and the heavy machinery is strictly forbidden to walk and roll on the grid which is not paved with soil;
(3) the operation of the heavy road roller is forbidden within 2 meters of the slope surface, so that the accident caused by the falling of the machine is prevented, and the deformation of the bagged soil during rolling of the heavy machine is avoided;
s8: grid turn-up and lap joint
Turning upwards a reverse lapping part reserved on the lower layer of the grating to reversely wrap the end part of the C-shaped wrapping part and lap-joint the upper layer of the grating through a connecting rod; when the connecting rods are lapped, the connecting rods alternately penetrate through each rib of the upper and lower grids;
s9: construction of drainage facility
The drainage facility comprises a slope protection plane layer, a slope back digging and filling interface gravel drainage layer, a slope toe side ground hardened drainage layer and a drainage ditch;
(1) the slope protection plane drainage layer comprises a slope bottom gravel drainage layer and an upper plane drainage layer, the bottom plane of the drainage layer at the slope bottom is 300mm higher than the ground outside the slope surface, and the upper plane drainage layer is determined by design according to the height of the slope protection; replacing a backfill soil layer for the plane drainage layer with 20-30-grade broken stones, paving and compacting, and replacing bagged soil at the corresponding slope surface of the plane drainage layer with bagged broken stones;
(2) constructing a gravel drainage layer at a slope back digging and filling interface, and synchronously backfilling and developing along with the rising of backfilled soil of the grid slope protection;
(3) the slope bottom drainage facility is a concrete hardened ground and a brick drainage ditch, and a water collecting pipeline is arranged at a low point to lead away accumulated water, so that the phenomenon of accumulated water at the slope toe is avoided;
preferably, in S1, the uphill line is repeatedly corrected until the terrain is smooth and no significant height difference exists between outward extensions.
Preferably, after the bagged soil is piled up, piled, compacted and leveled in S4, watering and pre-settling are adopted, and once watering and pre-settling is carried out when the vertical height of laying is 400mm, so that water flows from a high position to a low position.
A grid for ecological slope protection is suitable for the construction method of the grid for ecological slope protection, and comprises a plurality of transverse ribs and a plurality of longitudinal ribs; the longitudinal ribs are arranged in parallel, the longitudinal ends of the longitudinal ribs are fixedly connected with the transverse ribs, and the longitudinal ribs and the transverse ribs are longitudinally and transversely staggered to form a grid shape; a plurality of through holes are uniformly formed in the transverse ribs, and clamping columns are arranged in the through holes; one end of the clamping column is provided with a tip, the inside of the tip is a solid, and the other end of the clamping column is provided with a clamping piece; the card becomes the umbrella form, and card outer lane diameter size is greater than the hole diameter size of through-hole.
Preferably, a limiting ring is arranged on the outer ring of the clamping column; the inner ring of the limiting ring is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the clamping column, the limiting ring is located between the transverse ribs and the tip end, and the limiting ring is attached and extruded to the transverse ribs.
Preferably, the side wall of each longitudinal rib is provided with a connecting hole, a connecting rod is arranged in each connecting hole, and two adjacent grids are connected together through the connecting rod.
Preferably, a plurality of stepped grooves are formed in the inner wall of the connecting hole; a plurality of step buckles are arranged on the outer ring of the connecting rod; the ladder buckle is clamped in the ladder groove.
Preferably, the cutting surface of the stepped groove is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, and the cutting surface of the stepped buckle is in an isosceles trapezoid shape.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. is suitable for high fill slope protection, is environment-friendly and environment-friendly
The side slope can be made high and steep, the maximum height can reach 40m, the slope ratio is 1:0.4, namely the slope angle of 68.2 degrees, the occupied area can be saved, the excavation amount of earth and stone is reduced, and the damage to the environment is reduced; the grass seeds are synchronously planted in the bagged soil by adopting a grass seed premixing and synchronous backfilling construction technology, so that the side slope and greening are synchronously constructed, and the safety risk of later greening construction of the high side slope part is solved.
2. Low material consumption and resource saving
The supporting structure takes the plastic grating as a tie bar and takes the field flat backfill as a filling material, the filling material can be obtained from local materials, and the construction is convenient; compared with the traditional supporting structure which needs to consume a large amount of resources such as steel, sandstone cement, templates, wood, stone blocks, water and the like, the supporting structure has the advantages of lower resource consumption and more single and simplified working procedure.
3. Simple construction, high efficiency, high mechanization degree and good construction quality
The layered grids are overlapped through the connecting rods, so that the connection with enough strength is realized, the process is simple and repeated, the construction can be carried out quickly, the construction progress is accelerated, and the construction period is shorter; can adopt mechanical work by a large scale, degree of mechanization is high, at the present that manpower resources are more in short supply, can effectively solve the problem that manpower resources are in short supply.
4. By improving the geogrid tensioning method, the quality of the reinforced soil is improved
In the case of reinforced earth slope protection applied in the fields of highways, railways and hydraulic engineering, the tensioning process of reinforcement construction is implemented by tensioning beams, and the defects of poor tensioning effect and uncontrollable tensioning force exist; and (3) carrying out a tension test on the geogrid on site, wherein when the tension force of the geogrid is controlled to be 1.96kN, the geogrid is tensioned smoothly without wrinkles, and the geogrid at the turn-up part is well attached, so that the quality technical requirement is met.
6. The method comprehensively adopts dual measures of internal and external drainage, and the external drainage measures are as follows: arranging a concrete waterproof layer and a water guide channel on the slope toe ground, and guiding collected water away from the wall to prevent surface runoff from permeating into the wall; the drainage measures in vivo are as follows: arranging 300mm thick gravel drainage cushion layers on the back of the slope and the flat surface; the comprehensive drainage method is simple and economical in construction, can use local materials, eliminates the negative effects of underground water and infiltration water on slope protection, and increases the safety and reliability of the structure.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the construction process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the ecological slope protection grating according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 2 at A;
fig. 4 is a plan view of the ecological slope protection grating according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view at B in FIG. 4;
in the figure: transverse ribs 1, through holes 11, clamping columns 12, tips 121, clamping pieces 122, limiting rings 13, longitudinal ribs 2, connecting holes 21, stepped grooves 211, connecting rods 22 and stepped buckles 221.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the following embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the construction method of the grid for ecological slope protection according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring and positioning
(1) Calculating a corner coordinate point of an upper slope line of the geogrid reinforced earth protection slope according to design drawing data, and performing positioning lofting on site by using a total station and a GPS (global positioning system) locator;
(2) measuring the terrain elevation on the spot at intervals of 5m along the lofting gray line;
(3) calculating the height difference between the actual terrain elevation and the theoretical elevation of the upper slope line, multiplying the height difference by the slope of the slope to obtain the outward extension distance of the slope foot of the downhill line, and taking the longitudinal connection line of the extension points as the position of the slope starting line;
(4) integrally extending a 1.5m working surface on the calibrated slope line to serve as a basic excavation line, calibrating pile positions, and applying gray line marks to serve as excavation marks;
(5) when the device works on the same slope protection surface and multiple different elevation points at the same time, checking and correcting the axial line positions among the different working points;
s2: excavation of foundation trench
(1) Excavating a foundation trench on the grating slope protection foundation by using a bulldozer in combination with a large earth-rock square machine of a backhoe excavator;
(2) the excavation width of the foundation trench is matched with the laying length of the grating, a soft foundation layer of the foundation in the construction range is excavated, the excavation depth is larger than 1m, and the foundation is inserted into a foundation bearing layer with design requirements, so that the laying length and the bearing capacity of the first layer of geogrid are met;
(3) the base groove is arranged at the position of the longitudinal elevation change according to the proportion of 1: 2, making step transition in aspect ratio;
(4) after the foundation trench is excavated, carrying out leveling treatment on the surface of the foundation, wherein the flatness of the foundation is less than 5mm, and the gradient of the foundation is less than 5%;
s3: grid laying
(1) Vertical slope ruler
After foundation pits are excavated and leveled, secondary measurement and positioning are carried out by utilizing the previously measured and calibrated slope rising line data, and slope rulers and rod scales are erected at intervals of 15m and slope corners of the revetment on the slope rising lines and are used as control basis for vertical elevation and slope of the grid revetment; in the implementation process of the grating, the height of each liter is 2m, and the grade rod needs to be re-approved and corrected;
(2) blanking of grid
Adopting a unidirectional plastic geogrid, wherein the standard width of the material is 1m, and the blanking length is as follows: designing the length of the implant anchor plus the length required by the lap joint of the slope surface reverse ladle and the upper layer, wherein the plastic is cut by scissors;
(3) laying of grids
a. The laying of the grid is divided into two cases: laying a bottom layer and more than two layers of grids; after the foundation pit is dug in place and before the bottom layer grating is laid, a heavy road roller is adopted to roll the foundation trench for multiple times, and the foundation soil layer is rolled to be flat, so that the grating laying operation is facilitated;
b. laying grids according to the length and the direction required by a design drawing; reserving the reverse lap length of the grating by taking a field positioning slope rising line as a standard, wherein the lap length of the primary packet is more than 1.6m, and the rest part extends and tiles towards the back side of the slope; adjacent grids are laid in a butt joint mode, and gaps cannot be formed;
c. during the laying of the grids, various machines are forbidden to pass on the geogrids which are not filled with backfill soil; the problems of bulging, wrinkling and unevenness of the geogrid are avoided, and the mechanical strength of the geogrid is reduced;
s4: bagged soil filling building block
(1) Soil bagging work
The soil bag is a 60X 80cm gunny bag, and the soil is field flat surface layer root planting soil;
(2) and building the bagged soil
The method comprises the following steps that lines are arranged between two slope rulers and a leather number rod and used as the basis for controlling the stacking axis and elevation of bagged soil, four layers of gunny bags are arranged in the height of each grid in a reverse wrapping mode, the total height is controlled to be within 400mm, the gunny bags are orderly stacked according to the slope, the horizontal direction and the vertical direction during construction and stacking, the openings of the gunny bags face the back side of the slope, and the adjacent upper and lower layers of the gunny bags are arranged in a staggered mode;
(3) patting and compacting treatment of bagged soil
After the bagged soil is built in place, the upper plane and the outer side surface of the bagged soil are compacted and leveled by adopting a wooden clapper; the compaction and flattening are beneficial to the fact that the side faces of bagged soil are tightly attached to the side faces of the bagged soil when the grids are reversely wrapped, so that the stress performance is better, the slope side is more stable, and the process is attractive in appearance, so that the linear type, the regularity and the attractiveness are ensured, and the slope is more square and regular;
s5: grid tensioning
(1) And the grid stretching working condition is divided into two conditions: one working condition is that the bottom layer grating is tensioned after the foundation pit is excavated, and the tensioning is implemented after the bagged soil is built in place; in the second working condition, after the construction layer of two or more layers of grids is entered, before tensioning, no gunny bag is laid, and tensioning can be carried out only after the gunny bag is lapped with the lower layer of reverse-wrapped grids;
(2) the grid tensioning tool comprises: an electronic tension meter, a double-hook tightener, a tension rake and an angle iron pile; hooking a transverse rib at the tail end of the grid by using a tensioning rake, then connecting a tension meter and a wire grip, fixing the rear end of the wire grip with a temporary anchor pile, and quantifying a tensioning value of the grid by acting the wire grip and reading of the tension meter, wherein when the tensioning value reaches 1.96kN, the grid is tensioned smoothly without wrinkles, the grid at a reverse wrapping part is well attached, and the quality requirement is met;
s6: grid temporary anchoring
Grid anchoring
Reinforcing steel bars and customized bamboo sticks; the reinforcing steel bar is processed into a U shape, the top end of the bamboo stick is processed into a T shape, and the length of the bamboo stick is 250 mm; the tensioned grating is arranged and nailed on the stress side of the transverse ribs of the grating in a plum blossom shape according to the size of 0.7m of the longitudinal and transverse spacing, so that all parts of the grating are smoothly tensioned and tightly attached to the ground, the rivet cannot loosen and the grating cannot wrinkle when the external force of filling soil is applied, and a tensioning tool is removed after the temporary anchoring is finished;
s7: large area layered backfill rolling
(1) After the grid is stretched and fixed, backfilling construction is carried out, and wheel-type forklift earth carrying, backhoe excavator paving and road roller rolling press fit line production are carried out; the backfilled soil is obtained by leveling and excavating earthwork of a square area in a field, the particle size is 1/3 smaller than the thickness of a single-layer backfilling layer, the sizes of soil particles are matched, and grading is uniform; carrying out layered backfill construction, wherein the layered compaction thickness is less than 300mm, and the compaction coefficient is greater than 0.94; the elevation after the backfilling and compaction is flush with the piling height of the gunny bags at the slope; the compacted filling surface layer is flat and compact without sharp-pricked bulges, the surface layer flatness is less than 15mm, and the surface layer gradient is less than 5 degrees;
(2) the backfilling operation is gradually pushed to the slope side from the periphery of the grid paved at the slope back, and the heavy machinery is strictly forbidden to walk and roll on the grid which is not paved with soil;
(3) the operation of the heavy road roller is forbidden within 2 meters of the slope surface, so that the accident caused by the falling of the machine is prevented, and the deformation of the bagged soil during rolling of the heavy machine is avoided;
s8: grid turn-up and lap joint
Turning upwards a reverse lapping part reserved on the lower layer of the grating to reversely wrap the end part of the C-shaped wrapping part and lap-joint the upper layer of the grating through a connecting rod; when the connecting rods are lapped, the connecting rods alternately penetrate through each rib of the upper and lower grids;
s9: construction of drainage facility
The drainage facility comprises a slope protection plane layer, a slope back digging and filling interface gravel drainage layer, a slope toe side ground hardened drainage layer and a drainage ditch;
(1) the slope protection plane drainage layer comprises a slope bottom gravel drainage layer and an upper plane drainage layer, the bottom plane of the drainage layer at the slope bottom is 300mm higher than the ground outside the slope surface, and the upper plane drainage layer is determined by design according to the height of the slope protection; replacing a backfill soil layer for the plane drainage layer with 20-30-grade broken stones, paving and compacting, and replacing bagged soil at the corresponding slope surface of the plane drainage layer with bagged broken stones;
(2) constructing a gravel drainage layer at a slope back digging and filling interface, and synchronously backfilling and developing along with the rising of backfilled soil of the grid slope protection;
(3) the slope bottom drainage facility is a concrete hardened ground and a brick drainage ditch, and a water collecting pipeline is arranged at a low point to lead away accumulated water, so that the phenomenon of accumulated water at the slope toe is avoided;
and in the step S1, the uphill line is repeatedly corrected until the terrain is smooth and no obvious height difference exists in outward extension.
And (3) after the bagged soil is piled up, piled, compacted and leveled in S4, watering and pre-settling are adopted, and once watering and pre-settling is carried out when the vertical height of laying is 400mm, so that water flows from a high position to a low position.
A grid for ecological slope protection is suitable for the construction method of the grid for ecological slope protection, and comprises a plurality of transverse ribs 1 and a plurality of longitudinal ribs 2; the longitudinal ribs 2 are arranged in parallel, the longitudinal ends of the longitudinal ribs are fixedly connected with the transverse ribs 1, and the longitudinal ribs 2 and the transverse ribs 1 are longitudinally and transversely staggered to form a grid shape; a plurality of through holes 11 are uniformly formed in the transverse ribs 1, and clamping columns 12 are arranged in the through holes 11; a tip 121 is arranged at one end of the clamping column 12, the inside of the tip 121 is solid, and a clamping piece 122 is arranged at the other end of the clamping column 12; the clamping piece 122 is in an umbrella shape, and the diameter of the outer ring of the clamping piece 122 is larger than that of the hole of the through hole 11; when the grid is laid, the clamping columns 12 are inserted into the through holes 11 while the grid is laid, bagged soil is placed on the grid after the grid is laid, the tips 121 of the clamping columns 12 are inserted into the bagged soil, and the grid is buckled on a packaging bag of the bagged soil through the clamping columns 12 at the moment, so that the bagged soil is difficult to move on the grid, and the stability between the bagged soil and the grid is enhanced; card post 12's other end card 122 runs through behind through-hole 11, the card is on horizontal rib 1, make card post 12 be difficult to break away from card post 12, the grid is laid subaerial simultaneously, the attached extrusion of card 122 is subaerial, the extrusion force of ground to card 122 is transmitted on most advanced 121 through card post 12, make most advanced 121 puncture the wrapping bag more easily, reduce and prick the back with the wrapping bag through the manual work, it is troublesome in penetrating the wrapping bag with most advanced 121 again, improve the building efficiency of the soil in bags.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a limiting ring 13 is disposed on an outer ring of the clamping column 12; the inner ring of the limiting ring 13 is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the clamping column 12, the limiting ring 13 is positioned between the transverse rib 1 and the tip 121, and the limiting ring 13 is attached and extruded on the transverse rib 1; subaerial having hollow recess, when card 122 was located hollow recess top, the card post 12 was pushed down to the soil in bags, card post 12 pushed down card 122 embedding recess in, most advanced 121 failed effectively punctures the wrapping bag this moment, for this reason through set up spacing collar 13 on card post 12, when card 122 was located the notch of recess, spacing collar 13 will block post 12 restriction on horizontal rib 1, when soil in bags pushed down most advanced 121 this moment, most advanced 121 punctures the wrapping bag smoothly and stretches into in the wrapping bag.
As a specific embodiment of the invention, the side wall of the longitudinal rib 2 is provided with a connecting hole 21, a connecting rod 22 is arranged in the connecting hole 21, and two adjacent grids are connected together through the connecting rod 22; tensioning will be carried out after the grid is laid, if every grid all draws the stretch-draw, it is inefficient, for this reason connect two adjacent grids together through connecting rod 22, during the grid stretch-draw, only need pull two adjacent grids of a grid, three grid this moment is by stretch-draw in step, according to this mode of pulling, can improve one-third's efficiency.
A plurality of stepped grooves 211 are formed in the inner wall of the connecting hole 21; a plurality of step buckles 221 are arranged on the outer ring of the connecting rod 22; the step button 221 is caught in the step groove 211.
As a specific embodiment of the present invention, a cutting plane of the stepped groove 211 is an isosceles trapezoid, and a cutting plane of the stepped buckle 221 is an isosceles trapezoid; when the grating is stretched, the effective stretching of the lagged grating is ensured, meanwhile, the separation condition of two adjacent gratings is avoided, the connection rod 22 and the connection hole 21 are matched, the grating is ensured to be subjected to tensile force in the stretching direction, the step buckle 221 is arranged on the connection rod 22, the step groove 211 is formed in the connection hole 21, the phenomenon that the adjacent grating is separated from the grating in the direction perpendicular to the tensile force is avoided, after the connection rod 22 is inserted into the connection hole 21, the step buckle 221 is buckled in the corresponding step groove 211, meanwhile, the step groove 211 with the isosceles trapezoid-shaped cutting surface is matched with the step buckle 221 with the isosceles trapezoid-shaped cutting surface, the connection rod 22 is difficult to separate from the connection hole 21, and therefore the adjacent grating is difficult to separate.
The working principle is as follows: when the grid is laid, the clamping columns 12 are inserted into the through holes 11 while the grid is laid, bagged soil is placed on the grid after the grid is laid, the tips 121 of the clamping columns 12 are inserted into the bagged soil, and the grid is buckled on a packaging bag of the bagged soil through the clamping columns 12 at the moment, so that the bagged soil is difficult to move on the grid, and the stability between the bagged soil and the grid is enhanced; after the card 122 at the other end of the card column 12 penetrates through the through hole 11, the card is clamped on the transverse rib 1, so that the card column 12 is difficult to separate from the card column 12, meanwhile, the grating is laid on the ground, the card 122 is attached and extruded on the ground, and the extrusion force of the ground on the card 122 is transmitted to the tip 121 through the card column 12, so that the tip 121 can puncture the packaging bag more easily, the trouble that the tip 121 penetrates into the packaging bag after the packaging bag is punctured manually is reduced, and the stacking efficiency of the bagged soil is improved; when the card 122 is positioned above the hollow groove, the bagged soil presses the clamping column 12 downwards, the clamping column 12 presses the card 122 downwards to be embedded into the groove, and the tip 121 cannot effectively puncture the packaging bag at the moment, so that the limiting ring 13 is arranged on the clamping column 12, when the card 122 is positioned in the notch of the groove, the limiting ring 13 limits the clamping column 12 on the transverse rib 1, and when the bagged soil presses the tip 121 downwards, the tip 121 smoothly punctures the packaging bag and extends into the packaging bag; when the grating is stretched, the effective stretching of the lagged grating is ensured, meanwhile, the separation condition of two adjacent gratings is avoided, the connection rod 22 and the connection hole 21 are matched, the grating is ensured to be subjected to tensile force in the stretching direction, the step buckle 221 is arranged on the connection rod 22, the step groove 211 is formed in the connection hole 21, the phenomenon that the adjacent grating is separated from the grating in the direction perpendicular to the tensile force is avoided, after the connection rod 22 is inserted into the connection hole 21, the step buckle 221 is buckled in the corresponding step groove 211, meanwhile, the step groove 211 with the isosceles trapezoid-shaped cutting surface is matched with the step buckle 221 with the isosceles trapezoid-shaped cutting surface, the connection rod 22 is difficult to separate from the connection hole 21, and therefore the adjacent grating is difficult to separate.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A grid construction method for ecological slope protection is characterized by comprising the following steps: the construction method comprises the following steps:
s1: measuring and positioning
(1) Calculating a corner coordinate point of an upper slope line of the geogrid reinforced earth protection slope according to design drawing data, and performing positioning lofting on site by using a total station and a GPS (global positioning system) locator;
(2) measuring the terrain elevation on the spot at intervals of 5m along the lofting gray line;
(3) calculating the height difference between the actual terrain elevation and the theoretical elevation of the upper slope line, multiplying the height difference by the slope of the slope to obtain the outward extension distance of the slope foot of the downhill line, and taking the longitudinal connection line of the extension points as the position of the slope starting line;
(4) integrally extending a 1.5m working surface on the calibrated slope line to serve as a basic excavation line, calibrating pile positions, and applying gray line marks to serve as excavation marks;
(5) when the device works on the same slope protection surface and multiple different elevation points at the same time, checking and correcting the axial line positions among the different working points;
s2: excavation of foundation trench
(1) Excavating a foundation trench on the grating slope protection foundation by using a bulldozer in combination with a large earth-rock square machine of a backhoe excavator;
(2) the excavation width of the foundation trench is matched with the laying length of the grating, a soft foundation layer of the foundation in the construction range is excavated, the excavation depth is larger than 1m, and the foundation is inserted into a foundation bearing layer with design requirements, so that the laying length and the bearing capacity of the first layer of geogrid are met;
(3) the base groove is arranged at the position of the longitudinal elevation change according to the proportion of 1: 2, making step transition in aspect ratio;
(4) after the foundation trench is excavated, carrying out leveling treatment on the surface of the foundation, wherein the flatness of the foundation is less than 5mm, and the gradient of the foundation is less than 5%;
s3: grid laying
(1) Vertical slope ruler
After foundation pits are excavated and leveled, secondary measurement and positioning are carried out by utilizing the previously measured and calibrated slope rising line data, and slope rulers and rod scales are erected at intervals of 15m and slope corners of the revetment on the slope rising lines and are used as control basis for vertical elevation and slope of the grid revetment; in the implementation process of the grating, the height of each liter is 2m, and the grade rod needs to be re-approved and corrected;
(2) blanking of grid
Adopting a unidirectional plastic geogrid, wherein the standard width of the material is 1m, and the blanking length is as follows: designing the length of the implant anchor plus the length required by the lap joint of the slope surface reverse ladle and the upper layer, wherein the plastic is cut by scissors;
(3) laying of grids
a. The laying of the grid is divided into two cases: laying a bottom layer and more than two layers of grids; after the foundation pit is dug in place and before the bottom layer grating is laid, a heavy road roller is adopted to roll the foundation trench for multiple times, and the foundation soil layer is rolled to be flat, so that the grating laying operation is facilitated;
b. laying grids according to the length and the direction required by a design drawing; reserving the reverse lap length of the grating by taking a field positioning slope rising line as a standard, wherein the lap length of the primary packet is more than 1.6m, and the rest part extends and tiles towards the back side of the slope; adjacent grids are laid in a butt joint mode, and gaps cannot be formed;
c. during the laying of the grids, various machines are forbidden to pass on the geogrids which are not filled with backfill soil; the problems of bulging, wrinkling and unevenness of the geogrid are avoided, and the mechanical strength of the geogrid is reduced;
s4: bagged soil filling building block
(1) Soil bagging work
The soil bag is a 60X 80cm gunny bag, and the soil is field flat surface layer root planting soil;
(2) and building the bagged soil
The method comprises the following steps that lines are arranged between two slope rulers and a leather number rod and used as the basis for controlling the stacking axis and elevation of bagged soil, four layers of gunny bags are arranged in the height of each grid in a reverse wrapping mode, the total height is controlled to be within 400mm, the gunny bags are orderly stacked according to the slope, the horizontal direction and the vertical direction during construction and stacking, the openings of the gunny bags face the back side of the slope, and the adjacent upper and lower layers of the gunny bags are arranged in a staggered mode;
(3) patting and compacting treatment of bagged soil
After the bagged soil is built in place, the upper plane and the outer side surface of the bagged soil are compacted and leveled by adopting a wooden clapper; the compaction and flattening are beneficial to the fact that the side faces of bagged soil are tightly attached to the side faces of the bagged soil when the grids are reversely wrapped, so that the stress performance is better, the slope side is more stable, and the process is attractive in appearance, so that the linear type, the regularity and the attractiveness are ensured, and the slope is more square and regular;
s5: grid tensioning
(1) And the grid stretching working condition is divided into two conditions: one working condition is that the bottom layer grating is tensioned after the foundation pit is excavated, and the tensioning is implemented after the bagged soil is built in place; in the second working condition, after the construction layer of two or more layers of grids is entered, before tensioning, no gunny bag is laid, and tensioning can be carried out only after the gunny bag is lapped with the lower layer of reverse-wrapped grids;
(2) the grid tensioning tool comprises: an electronic tension meter, a double-hook tightener, a tension rake and an angle iron pile; hooking a transverse rib at the tail end of the grid by using a tensioning rake, then connecting a tension meter and a wire grip, fixing the rear end of the wire grip with a temporary anchor pile, and quantifying a tensioning value of the grid by acting the wire grip and reading of the tension meter, wherein when the tensioning value reaches 1.96kN, the grid is tensioned smoothly without wrinkles, the grid at a reverse wrapping part is well attached, and the quality requirement is met;
s6: grid temporary anchoring
Grid anchoring
Reinforcing steel bars and customized bamboo sticks; the reinforcing steel bar is processed into a U shape, the top end of the bamboo stick is processed into a T shape, and the length of the bamboo stick is 250 mm; the tensioned grating is arranged and nailed on the stress side of the transverse ribs of the grating in a plum blossom shape according to the size of 0.7m of the longitudinal and transverse spacing, so that all parts of the grating are smoothly tensioned and tightly attached to the ground, the rivet cannot loosen and the grating cannot wrinkle when the external force of filling soil is applied, and a tensioning tool is removed after the temporary anchoring is finished;
s7: large area layered backfill rolling
(1) After the grid is stretched and fixed, backfilling construction is carried out, and wheel-type forklift earth carrying, backhoe excavator paving and road roller rolling press fit line production are carried out; the backfilled soil is obtained by leveling and excavating earthwork of a square area in a field, the particle size is 1/3 smaller than the thickness of a single-layer backfilling layer, the sizes of soil particles are matched, and grading is uniform; carrying out layered backfill construction, wherein the layered compaction thickness is less than 300mm, and the compaction coefficient is greater than 0.94; the elevation after the backfilling and compaction is flush with the piling height of the gunny bags at the slope; the compacted filling surface layer is flat and compact without sharp-pricked bulges, the surface layer flatness is less than 15mm, and the surface layer gradient is less than 5 degrees;
(2) the backfilling operation is gradually pushed to the slope side from the periphery of the grid paved at the slope back, and the heavy machinery is strictly forbidden to walk and roll on the grid which is not paved with soil;
(3) the operation of the heavy road roller is forbidden within 2 meters of the slope surface, so that the accident caused by the falling of the machine is prevented, and the deformation of the bagged soil during rolling of the heavy machine is avoided;
s8: grid turn-up and lap joint
Turning upwards a reverse lapping part reserved on the lower layer of the grating to reversely wrap the end part of the C-shaped wrapping part and lap-joint the upper layer of the grating through a connecting rod; when the connecting rods are lapped, the connecting rods alternately penetrate through each rib of the upper and lower grids;
s9: construction of drainage facility
The drainage facility comprises a slope protection plane layer, a slope back digging and filling interface gravel drainage layer, a slope toe side ground hardened drainage layer and a drainage ditch;
(1) the slope protection plane drainage layer comprises a slope bottom gravel drainage layer and an upper plane drainage layer, the bottom plane of the drainage layer at the slope bottom is 300mm higher than the ground outside the slope surface, and the upper plane drainage layer is determined by design according to the height of the slope protection; replacing a backfill soil layer for the plane drainage layer with 20-30-grade broken stones, paving and compacting, and replacing bagged soil at the corresponding slope surface of the plane drainage layer with bagged broken stones;
(2) constructing a gravel drainage layer at a slope back digging and filling interface, and synchronously backfilling and developing along with the rising of backfilled soil of the grid slope protection;
(3) the slope bottom drainage facility is a concrete hardened ground and a brick drainage ditch, and a water collecting pipeline is arranged at a low point to lead away accumulated water, so that the phenomenon of accumulated water at the slope toe is avoided.
2. The grid construction method for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: and in the step S1, the uphill line is repeatedly corrected until the terrain is smooth and no obvious height difference exists in outward extension.
3. The grid construction method for ecological slope protection according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) after the bagged soil is piled up, piled, compacted and leveled in S4, watering and pre-settling are adopted, and once watering and pre-settling is carried out when the vertical height of laying is 400mm, so that water flows from a high position to a low position.
4. The utility model provides an ecological grid for bank protection which characterized in that: the grid for ecological slope protection is suitable for the construction method of the grid for ecological slope protection in any one of claims 1 to 3, and comprises a plurality of transverse ribs and a plurality of longitudinal ribs; the longitudinal ribs are arranged in parallel, the longitudinal ends of the longitudinal ribs are fixedly connected with the transverse ribs, and the longitudinal ribs and the transverse ribs are longitudinally and transversely staggered to form a grid shape; a plurality of through holes are uniformly formed in the transverse ribs, and clamping columns are arranged in the through holes; one end of the clamping column is provided with a tip, the inside of the tip is a solid, and the other end of the clamping column is provided with a clamping piece; the card becomes the umbrella form, and card outer lane diameter size is greater than the hole diameter size of through-hole.
5. The grid for ecological slope protection of claim 4, wherein: a limiting ring is arranged on the outer ring of the clamping column; the inner ring of the limiting ring is fixedly connected to the outer ring of the clamping column, the limiting ring is located between the transverse ribs and the tip end, and the limiting ring is attached and extruded to the transverse ribs.
6. The grid for ecological slope protection of claim 4, wherein: and connecting holes are formed in the side walls of the longitudinal ribs, connecting rods are arranged in the connecting holes, and two adjacent grids are connected together through the connecting rods.
7. The grid for ecological slope protection of claim 6, wherein: a plurality of stepped grooves are formed in the inner wall of the connecting hole; a plurality of step buckles are arranged on the outer ring of the connecting rod; the ladder buckle is clamped in the ladder groove.
8. The ecological grid for slope protection of claim 7, wherein: the cutting surface of the stepped groove is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, and the cutting surface of the stepped buckle is in an isosceles trapezoid shape.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011061046.6A CN112049134A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Grid for ecological slope protection and construction method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011061046.6A CN112049134A (en) | 2020-09-30 | 2020-09-30 | Grid for ecological slope protection and construction method thereof |
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| CN112049134A true CN112049134A (en) | 2020-12-08 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022083785A1 (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-04-28 | 长沙理工大学 | Rapid repair structure for second-level or higher soil slope shallow landslide, and construction method therefor |
| CN115012430A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-09-06 | 德州市公路工程总公司 | Prestressed anchor cable frame type protective structure and construction method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-09-30 CN CN202011061046.6A patent/CN112049134A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022083785A1 (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2022-04-28 | 长沙理工大学 | Rapid repair structure for second-level or higher soil slope shallow landslide, and construction method therefor |
| CN115012430A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-09-06 | 德州市公路工程总公司 | Prestressed anchor cable frame type protective structure and construction method thereof |
| CN115012430B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2024-03-01 | 德州市公路工程总公司 | Prestressed anchor cable frame type protective structure and construction method thereof |
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