CN112040014B

CN112040014B - Internet of things system determination method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Info

Publication number: CN112040014B
Application number: CN202011226223.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 俞光宇
Original assignee: Wuhan Wiregate Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Wuhan Wiregate Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-05
Filing date: 2020-11-05
Publication date: 2021-01-29
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-05
Also published as: CN112040014A

Abstract

The invention provides a method and a device for determining an Internet of things system, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: outputting hardware information of alternative hardware corresponding to the meta scene; determining target hardware of the Internet of things system based on the selection operation aiming at the hardware information; outputting description information of application functions, wherein the application functions at least comprise: basic functions and business functions; combining the selected function module of the basic function and the selected function module of the business function based on the selection function aiming at the description information to obtain an application program running on the target hardware; and according to the connection scheme of the Internet of things system, carrying out network configuration on the Internet of things system.

Description

Internet of things system determination method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of Internet of things, in particular to a method and a device for determining an Internet of things system, electronic equipment and a storage medium.

Background

In the related art, because the design links of the internet of things system are more, and the technical field related to the internet of things system is wider, the design technology difficulty of the internet of things system is high, designers are required to customize and design according to projects generally, and the online and automation of the design of the internet of things system cannot be realized.

Moreover, when the type of the terminal equipment is selected, the quality, the price and the application scene of the terminal equipment are greatly different; the design of the internet of things system also requires that designers have deeper cognition on industries and application scenes, otherwise, the designed internet of things system is difficult to meet the requirements of the application scenes and cannot be adapted to the layout environment of the internet of things system.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for determining an Internet of things system, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is realized as follows:

in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an internet of things system determination method, including:

outputting hardware information of alternative hardware corresponding to the meta scene;

determining target hardware of the Internet of things system based on the selection operation aiming at the hardware information;

outputting description information of application functions, wherein the application functions at least comprise: basic functions and business functions;

combining the selected function module of the basic function and the selected function module of the business function based on the selection function aiming at the description information to obtain an application program running on the target hardware;

and according to the connection scheme of the Internet of things system, carrying out network configuration on the Internet of things system.

Optionally, the outputting hardware information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene includes:

acquiring login information of a user, and determining the type of the user based on the login information;

and outputting different hardware information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene according to the user type and the corresponding output sequence of the user type.

Optionally, the outputting, according to the user type and an output sequence corresponding to the user type, different hardware information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene includes:

if the user type is a first type, sequentially outputting the function tag information, the equipment type information and the equipment model information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta scene in a first output sequence;

or,

and if the user type is the second type, sequentially outputting the equipment type information, the function tag information and the equipment model information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta scene in a second output sequence.

Optionally, the familiarity of the second type of user with the system of things is higher than the familiarity of the first type of user with the system of things.

Optionally, the combining, based on the selection function for the description information, the selected functional module of the basic function and the selected functional module of the business function to obtain the application program running on the target hardware includes:

determining a selected function module of the basic function and a selected function module of the business function based on the selected function for the description information;

acquiring configuration information of a functional module aiming at the basic function and a functional module aiming at the business function;

respectively configuring the functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the business function selected by the user based on the configuration information;

and combining the configured functional modules of the basic function and the business function to obtain the application program running on the target hardware.

Optionally, the configuring, based on the configuration information, the functional modules of the basic function and the functional modules of the business function selected by the user respectively includes:

configuring the basic function of the Internet of things system based on the configuration information of the function module aiming at the basic function;

and performing service configuration on the service function of the Internet of things system based on the configuration information of the function module aiming at the service function.

Optionally, the method further comprises:

adding custom information on an application program obtained by combining a functional module of a basic function and a functional module of a business function;

and the hardware program running on the target hardware is the application program added with the custom information.

Optionally, the method further comprises:

acquiring network topology information configured by a user, and generating connection configuration information corresponding to the target hardware according to the network topology information;

and determining a connection scheme of the Internet of things system according to the connection configuration information.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an internet of things system determining apparatus, including:

the output module is used for outputting hardware information of alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene; and outputting description information of the application function, wherein the application function at least comprises: basic functions and business functions;

a determination module for determining target hardware of the internet of things system based on the selection operation aiming at the hardware information; and combining the selected function module of the basic function and the selected function module of the business function based on the selection function aiming at the description information to obtain an application program running on the target hardware;

and the connection module is used for carrying out network configuration on the Internet of things system according to the connection scheme of the Internet of things system.

Optionally, the output module is specifically configured to:

Optionally, the output module is further specifically configured to:

or,

Optionally, the determining module includes:

a selection module, configured to determine, based on a selection function for the description information, a selected functional module of the basic function and a selected functional module of the business function;

the configuration module is used for acquiring configuration information of the functional modules of the basic functions and the functional modules of the business functions; respectively configuring the functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the business function selected by the user based on the configuration information;

and the combination module is used for combining the configured functional module of the basic function and the configured functional module of the business function to obtain the application program running on the target hardware.

Optionally, the configuration module is specifically configured to:

Optionally, the combining module is further configured to:

In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device, including:

a memory for storing executable instructions;

and the processor is configured to, when executing the executable instructions stored in the memory, implement the method for determining an internet of things system according to one or more of the foregoing technical solutions.

In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, where executable instructions are stored, and when executed by a processor, the method for determining an internet of things system according to one or more of the foregoing technical solutions is implemented. According to the method, the device, the electronic equipment and the storage medium for determining the internet of things system, the hardware information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene is output, the target hardware of the internet of things system is determined based on the selection operation aiming at the hardware information, so that a user can determine the target hardware of the internet of things system directly based on the hardware information, the determined internet of things system can meet the requirements of application scenes, and the method, the device, the electronic equipment and the storage medium are suitable for specific layout environments.

And by outputting the description information of the basic function and the business function, a user can select a specific function based on the description information, and the selected functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the business function are combined according to the selection of the user to obtain an application program running on target hardware, so that the application program of the internet of things system is rapidly developed, and the design difficulty of the internet of things system is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining an internet of things system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating details of step 104 provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an internet of things system determination apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an object model analysis of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of tagging based on a terminal device object model according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating device information preprocessing of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of terminal device type selection performed by a first type of user according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of terminal device type selection performed by a second type of user according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of application function planning provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a software function alternative provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an application program that can run on a target terminal device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a parameter setting schematic diagram of a functional module of an internet of things system provided by an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic view of a determination process of the internet of things system according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is a data flow diagram of an internet of things system provided by an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, the described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments" which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the following description, references to the terms "first \ second \ third" are only to distinguish similar objects and do not denote a particular order, but rather the terms "first \ second \ third" are used to interchange specific orders or sequences, where appropriate, to enable embodiments of the invention described herein to be practiced in other than the order shown or described herein.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of the invention only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

In the related art, the internet of things system can be divided into the following 5 modules: the system comprises a terminal module, a communication module, a cloud platform module, an application module and a service module.

The terminal module is an intelligent terminal (namely intelligent sensor equipment) and is used for data acquisition, equipment control and communication. The data acquisition refers to converting analog data of an environment to be detected into digital data through a sensor; the equipment control means that the intelligent terminal executes the actions of equipment control, such as startup and shutdown, power on and off, valve opening and closing and the like; the communication refers to reporting data collected by the sensor end or received control instructions in a wired or wireless mode and transmitting the data or the received control instructions to the actuator for equipment control.

The communication module refers to a transmission mode for communication and a matched hardware product thereof, and the transmission mode comprises a wired communication mode and a wireless communication mode. The wired communication mode comprises a CAN bus, an RS485 bus and the like, and the CAN communication host and the RS485 communication host are matched with the wired communication mode. The wireless communication mode comprises LoraWAN, NB-IOT and the like, and is mainly divided into non-operator network, operator network and the like, and if the non-operator network is adopted, LoraWAN gateway needs to be matched; if an operator network is used, the operator base station can be directly used.

The selection of the communication mode generally depends on the project constraints of the internet of things system, such as data security, construction cost and the like. If the small-range centralized networking can select a wired communication mode or private network cost; if data security is regarded as important, it is not suitable for using a public network such as an operator network.

The cloud platform module is a cloud end for providing PaaS layer data and access service, and the functions of the cloud platform module can include: access capabilities, device management capabilities, data service capabilities, and the like. The terminal access capability refers to a communication mode capable of supporting access; the more communication modes capable of supporting access, the stronger the terminal access capability. Device management capabilities refer to the lifecycle management of a device and may include registration of the device, device data, device control, device tariffs, etc. The data service capability refers to providing uniform data service for the application, and mainly refers to data interface service and the like.

The basic functions of the cloud platform module are mainly to convert terminal equipment into data and provide data services based on the terminal equipment for application.

An application module refers to a software product provided to a user for solving a user demand problem.

The application module depends on the equipment and the data to realize software functions meeting clients, for example, the clients need to realize the requirements of apartment management, depend on an electric meter and a water meter terminal to perform energy consumption management on apartments, depend on a door lock to realize access authority management on apartments, depend on a smoke sensor to realize fire protection and fire monitoring on apartments and the like, and then need to be realized in the application module: energy consumption statistics, namely performing statistical analysis on the water and electricity consumption of each room; cost management, which is used for calculating the cost of each room based on the electricity and water consumption; recharging and paying, and providing a tenant recharging and paying service; fire monitoring, which provides fire monitoring of a room based on the state of a smoke sensor; tenant management, room management contract management, and the like.

The service module is an operation and maintenance service of the project, and is mainly used for guaranteeing project operation monitoring service and the like provided by normal operation of the project of the internet of things system.

The determination process of the internet of things system is relatively complex due to the fact that the determination process of the internet of things system involves more modules and links and the related technical field is relatively wide, and therefore the determination process of the internet of things system is relatively complex, the internet of things system needs to be customized according to an application scene, the determination process of the internet of things system is relatively high in technical level requirements of designers, and online and automation cannot be achieved.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for determining an internet of things system, and fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for determining an internet of things system provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, including the following steps:

step 101, outputting hardware information of alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene;

step 102, determining target hardware of the Internet of things system based on the selection operation aiming at the hardware information;

103, outputting description information of an application function, wherein the application function at least comprises: basic functions and business functions;

104, combining the selected function module of the basic function and the selected function module of the business function based on the selection function aiming at the description information to obtain an application program running on the target hardware;

and 105, performing network configuration of the Internet of things system according to the connection scheme of the Internet of things system.

The method for determining the Internet of things system can be applied to electronic equipment. Here, the electronic device refers to any electronic device having a display screen, including a mobile terminal and a fixed terminal. Wherein, mobile terminal includes: mobile phones, tablet computers, notebook computers, and the like; the fixed terminal includes: a personal computer.

In the embodiment of the invention, the meta-scene refers to general scene information obtained by clustering the functions and application scenes of the hardware equipment based on the platform of the internet of things. The meta scene includes: environment, energy, fire protection, security, and/or location.

For example, the temperature sensor A, B, C can be used for high temperature monitoring and high temperature alarm, the smoke sensor D can be used for dense smoke monitoring and alarm, the smart meter E, F can be used for monitoring current, voltage, power and electricity consumption, and the air conditioner controller H can be used for adjusting the energy consumption of the air conditioner; the Internet of things platform is clustered based on functions and application scenes of the temperature sensor A, B, C, the smoke sensor D, the intelligent electric meter D, E and the air conditioner controller H, it is determined that general scene information corresponding to the temperature sensor A, B, C and the smoke sensor D is fire fighting, and general scene information corresponding to the intelligent electric meter D, E and the air conditioner controller H is energy.

In step 101, the hardware information may be device type information, device model information, and function tag information.

The functional label information refers to a label set obtained by clustering the object model of the hardware device. Such as temperature monitoring, power usage monitoring, etc.

It should be noted that the object model is a data model that digitizes an entity in a physical space and constructs the entity at the cloud. The Internet of things platform acquires definition information of a user for product functions of the hardware equipment, automatically generates an object model of the hardware equipment, and describes attributes, events and services of the hardware equipment through the object model.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may have a user interface, and obtain a meta-scene input by a user through the user interface, and present, through the user interface, options of hardware information of a plurality of alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene.

In practical application, the internet of things platform can acquire an access request containing a meta-scene through a user interface, acquire pre-stored hardware information of alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene based on the access request, generate a plurality of hardware information options based on the hardware information, and then present the hardware information options to a user through the user interface.

In some embodiments, the internet of things platform acquires parameter information of a plurality of pieces of hardware in advance; and determining alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene according to the parameter information of the hardware and the requirement information of the plurality of meta-scenes.

For example, taking a temperature sensor as an example, the application scenarios are wide, such as a fire scene and a body temperature detection scene, which both require the use of the temperature sensor, but the requirements of the fire scene and the body temperature detection scene on the temperature sensor are different. For fire scenes, the sensing range of the temperature sensor is typically 50-200 degrees Celsius, and the allowable error value is

The temperature is measured and the sensed temperature value is accurate to 1 ℃; for a body temperature detection scenario, the sensing range of the temperature sensor is typically 34-42 degrees Celsius, and the allowable error value is

The temperature value needs to be accurately sensed to 0.1 ℃.

The Internet of things platform acquires performance parameters of various temperature sensors in advance, determines the temperature sensor corresponding to the fire scene and the temperature sensor corresponding to the body temperature detection scene respectively according to the demand information of the fire scene and the body temperature detection scene, and stores hardware information of the corresponding temperature sensors respectively through the fire scene and the body temperature detection scene.

In some embodiments, the internet of things platform may automatically generate an object model of the hardware device according to definition information of product functions of the hardware device, perform clustering based on the object model to obtain function tag information of the hardware device, and determine a meta-scene corresponding to the hardware device based on the function tag information.

In step 102, the selection operation may be a selection operation of a cursor input, a selection operation of a key input, or a selection operation of a voice input for the hardware information.

In practical application, a user can select from a plurality of hardware information options of the alternative hardware presented in a user interface through preset key action, mouse click, cursor click or voice instruction, and the internet of things platform determines the target hardware of the internet of things system selected by the user based on the selection operation of the user.

For example, hardware information options of alternative hardware presented on the user interface include a temperature sensor A option and a temperature and humidity sensor B option, a user clicks the temperature sensor A option through a mouse, the Internet of things platform receives selection operation of the user on the temperature sensor A option, and therefore the temperature sensor A is used as target hardware of the Internet of things system according to the selection operation.

In step 103, the basic functions refer to basic functions unrelated to target hardware of the internet of things system, such as system monitoring, equipment management, asset management and the like. The business function refers to a business function strongly related to target hardware of the Internet of things system. For example, energy consumption management functions must be associated with energy consumption metering devices such as electricity meters and water meters to be used.

In practical application, after the internet of things platform determines target hardware, the internet of things platform acquires preset description information of an application function, generates a description information option based on the description information, and presents the description information option to a user through a user interface.

In some embodiments, the application function further includes a function module for an information processing function of the internet of things platform.

Here, the functional module of the information processing function can provide the information processing function for maintaining normal operation of the platform of the internet of things to the user having the management authority. Such as application template management functions, rights management functions, and the like.

In other embodiments, the authority information corresponding to the user may be determined based on the login information of the user; and outputting the description information of the application function corresponding to the authority information according to the authority information corresponding to the user.

Wherein, the authority information can comprise development authority and management authority. The application function corresponding to the development authority may include: the function module of the basic function and/or the function module of the business function of the Internet of things system. The application function corresponding to the management authority comprises the following steps: and the function module has an information processing function on the platform of the Internet of things.

In practical application, the identification information of the user can be determined according to the login information of the user, the authority information corresponding to the identification information is inquired in a database based on the identification information, and the description information of the application function corresponding to the authority information is output.

For example, a management authority user table and a development authority user table are stored in a database of the internet of things platform; the management authority user table is used for storing identification information of developers and maintainers of the Internet of things platform; the development authority user table is used for storing identification information of users registered on the Internet of things platform.

In practical application, the internet of things platform is preset with function modules of business functions corresponding to each alternative hardware, and preset with function modules of common basic functions.

In some embodiments, these functional modules may be: one or more source code blocks, or compiled code blocks.

In practical application, according to the selection operation of the user for the description information option of the application function, providing the selected API interface of the function module of the basic function and the function module of the business function for the user, realizing information interaction between the function module of the basic function and the business function module based on the API interface, realizing the combination of the function module of the basic function and the function module of the business function, and obtaining the application program capable of running on the target hardware.

In step 105, the connection scheme of the internet of things system may include a wired connection scheme and/or a wireless connection scheme. The wired connection scheme refers to connection through a CAN bus or a network cable and the like, and the wireless connection scheme refers to connection through a LoraWAN, WIFI or NB-IOT and the like.

In practical application, a connection scheme of the Internet of things system is determined according to target hardware in the Internet of things system.

And if the working state of the target hardware of the Internet of things system is a fixed state, determining that the connection scheme of the Internet of things system is wired connection, and selecting a communication cable of a corresponding type to be connected with the target hardware according to the type of a network interface of gateway equipment in the Internet of things system.

For example, temperature sensors and/or alarms in fire scenes are usually fixed on the roof, and the gateway device is connected with the temperature sensors and/or alarms through communication cables matched with the temperature sensors and/or alarms and the gateway device.

If the working state of the target hardware of the Internet of things system is a mobile state, the connection scheme of the Internet of things system can be determined to be wireless connection, a wireless communication module of the gateway equipment is started, and the identification information of the target hardware in the wireless signal range of the gateway equipment is scanned and recorded.

For example, in a cleaning scene, a sweeping robot needs to move in a room to clean the ground, and if the working state is a moving state, the wireless communication module of the gateway device is started to scan and record the identification information of the sweeping robot within the wireless signal range of the gateway device, so as to establish connection between the sweeping robot and the gateway device.

In this way, by outputting the hardware information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene, the user can determine the target hardware of the internet of things system directly based on the hardware information, and the requirement on the capability level of the designer is reduced. And by outputting the description information of the basic function and the business function, a user can select a specific function based on the description information, and the selected functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the business function are combined according to the selection of the user to obtain an application program running on target hardware, so that the application program of the internet of things system is rapidly developed, and the design difficulty of the internet of things system is reduced.

Optionally, the step 101 may include:

In the embodiment of the present invention, the login information of the user includes identification information of the user. For example, user ID information. The identity of the user can be uniquely determined according to the identification information.

In practical application, user attribute information can be queried according to the login information of the user, the user type of the user is determined according to the user attribute information, and the output sequence corresponding to the user is determined.

Here, the user attribute information may be personal information, such as work industry information, work age information, and the like, which is input when the user registers.

In other embodiments, the first or previous selection operation of the user for the user type may be queried according to the login information of the user, the user type may be determined, and the corresponding output order may be determined according to the user type.

or,

In some embodiments, when the user type is a first type, based on a selection operation of the first type user for the function tag information of the alternative hardware, a type selection operation of the first type user for a plurality of pieces of device type information corresponding to the function tag information is obtained; obtaining model selection operation of the first class of users aiming at a plurality of pieces of equipment model information corresponding to the equipment types based on the type selection operation; and determining the equipment model of the target hardware of the Internet of things system according to the model selection operation.

In other embodiments, when the user type is a second type, based on a selection operation of the second type user for the hardware device type information, a function selection operation of the second type user for a plurality of pieces of function tag information corresponding to the device type information is obtained; obtaining model selection operations of the second type of users aiming at a plurality of pieces of equipment model information corresponding to the function label information based on the function selection operations; and determining the equipment model of the target hardware of the Internet of things system according to the model selection operation.

Here, the user type is to classify the user according to the familiarity degree of the user with the internet of things system. The familiarity of the second type of users with the system of things is higher than the familiarity of the first type of users with the system of things.

In practical application, because the familiarity degree of the first class of users with the internet of things system is low, the types of hardware equipment required by the internet of things system cannot be accurately judged generally, which functions possibly need to be executed in a meta scene of the internet of things system can be determined only according to the meta scene applied by the internet of things system, and target hardware of the internet of things system is determined according to the functions needing to be executed by the internet of things system.

Therefore, when determining the target hardware of the internet of things system, the first class of users may select the target function tag information based on the function tag information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene, then select the hardware device type corresponding to the target function tag information to determine the target hardware device type, and finally select the hardware device type information corresponding to the target hardware device type to determine the hardware device type of the target hardware of the internet of things system.

Due to the fact that the familiarity of the second type of users with the Internet of things system is high, more hardware devices required by the Internet of things system are known, and the hardware devices required by the Internet of things system can be accurately determined.

Therefore, when determining the target hardware of the internet of things system, the second type of user can select the target hardware based on the device type information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene to determine the device type of the target hardware. And selecting the function label information corresponding to the type of the target hardware equipment, determining the target function label information, and finally selecting equipment with a specific model as the target hardware of the Internet of things system according to the equipment model information corresponding to the target function label information.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a detailed flowchart of step 104 provided in the embodiment of the present invention. The step 104 may include:

step 1041, determining the selected function module of the basic function and the selected function module of the business function based on the selection function for the description information;

1042, obtaining configuration information of the functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the service function;

step 1043, based on the configuration information, configuring the functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the business function selected by the user respectively;

and step 1044 of combining the configured functional modules of the basic function and the configured functional modules of the business function to obtain the application program running on the target hardware.

In practical applications, the functional modules of the basic function include: the interface corresponding to the functional module of each service function; and through the interface, the functional module of the basic function and the corresponding functional module of the business function carry out information interaction.

In this embodiment of the present invention, the configuration information includes identification information for specifying a code of an interface corresponding to the functional module of the at least one service function, which needs to be compiled on the functional module of the basic function.

In practical application, codes of functional modules of business functions corresponding to each alternative hardware are preset on the platform of the internet of things, and codes of functional modules of common basic functions are preset. Wherein, the code of the functional module of the basic function comprises: and codes of interfaces corresponding to the functional modules of each service function.

And determining a functional module of a basic function and a functional module of a business function according to the selection operation of the user aiming at the description information option of the application function, and acquiring a code corresponding to the functional module of the basic function and a code corresponding to the functional module of the business function. And compiling codes of interfaces of the functional modules of the basic function and the functional modules of the business function respectively based on the configuration information, so that the functional modules of the basic function and the functional modules of the business function can perform information interaction through the interfaces to combine the functional modules of the basic function and the functional modules of the business function to obtain the application program capable of running on the target hardware.

Optionally, the step 1043 may include:

In practical applications, the configuration information further includes: and setting information aiming at the parameters of the functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the business function.

The parameter setting information may be user personality configuration information, and is set according to specific requirements of the user, which is not specifically limited here.

And configuring the function module of the basic function of the Internet of things system based on the parameter setting information of the function module aiming at the basic function and the basic function. For example, taking a basic function as device monitoring as an example, the internet of things platform configures a function module of the basic function for a device monitoring service based on configuration information of the function module, adds identification information of target hardware included in the internet of things system to a device list, and configures which parameters of devices in the device list are monitored.

And configuring the functional module of the business function of the Internet of things system based on the parameter setting information of the functional module aiming at the business function and the business function. For example, taking a service function as a high-temperature alarm service as an example, the internet of things platform configures parameters of a function module of the high-temperature alarm service function based on configuration information of the function module, configures which kind of events to alarm, a specific alarm threshold value, and the like.

Optionally, the step 104 further includes:

step 1045, adding custom information on the application obtained by combining the functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the business function;

The custom information may include domain name information, identification image information, name information, background information, and the like.

In practical application, the information input by the user is acquired by the platform of the internet of things and can be called as custom information, and the platform of the internet of things is configured according to the custom information.

If the user-defined information is domain name information, the Internet of things platform outputs an application type of an applicable domain name corresponding to the domain name information to be registered according to the domain name information to be registered input by a user; generating a domain name filing list based on the selection operation of the user on the application type of the applicable domain name corresponding to the domain name information to be registered; and auditing the domain name to be registered based on the domain name filing list, and binding the filed domain name with the Internet of things system after the domain name filing list passes the auditing.

If the user-defined information is icon information, the Internet of things platform acquires identification image information input by a user, wherein the identification image information comprises an identification image and a display position of the identification image; and adding the identification image at the corresponding position of the Internet of things system based on the identification image and the display position of the identification image.

And if the custom information is name information, the Internet of things platform acquires the name information input by the user, and updates the preset name information of the Internet of things system based on the name information.

If the custom information is background information, the Internet of things platform acquires the background information input by a user, generates a new display template based on the background information according to a preset configuration rule, and stores the new display template in a database; and adding the display template in the Internet of things system.

Optionally, the step 104 further includes:

In practical application, the internet of things platform acquires network topology information configured by a user through a user interface, and generates structured network configuration information according to the network topology information. Wherein the structured network configuration information comprises: the hardware device identification of the starting point of the connection is established, the hardware device identification of the end point of the connection is established, and the communication ports corresponding to the starting point device and the end point device of the connection are established respectively.

The Internet of things platform converts the structured network configuration information into connection configuration information corresponding to target hardware, sends the connection configuration information to the target hardware corresponding to the connection configuration information, and determines a connection scheme of the Internet of things system according to the connection configuration information.

Wherein the connection configuration information includes: identification information of the target hardware, an IP address of the target hardware, a communication port of the target hardware, identification information of another target hardware that establishes a connection with the target hardware, an IP address of another target hardware that establishes a connection with the target hardware, and a communication port of another target hardware that establishes a connection with the target hardware.

In other embodiments, a configuration database is set, and the connection configuration information of the internet of things system and the intermediate information in the connection configuration process of the internet of things system are stored in the configuration database through the login information of the user.

Next, an internet of things system determining device is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an internet of things system determining device 30 provided in an embodiment of the present invention. The device comprises:

an output module 31, configured to output hardware information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene; and outputting description information of the application function, wherein the application function at least comprises: basic functions and business functions;

a determining module 32, configured to determine target hardware of the internet of things system based on a selection operation for the hardware information; and combining the selected function module of the basic function and the selected function module of the business function based on the selection function aiming at the description information to obtain an application program running on the target hardware;

the connection module 33 is configured to perform network configuration of the internet of things system according to the connection scheme of the internet of things system.

Optionally, the output module 31 is specifically configured to:

Optionally, the output module 31 is further specifically configured to:

or,

Optionally, the determining module 32 includes:

a selecting module 321, configured to determine, based on a selection function for the description information, a selected functional module of the basic function and a selected functional module of the business function;

a configuration module 322, configured to obtain configuration information for the functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the business function; respectively configuring the functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the business function selected by the user based on the configuration information;

and the combination module 323 is configured to combine the configured functional modules of the basic function and the functional modules of the business function to obtain an application program running on the target hardware.

Optionally, the configuration module 322 is specifically configured to:

Optionally, the combining module 323 is further configured to:

Therefore, the hardware information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene and the description information of the basic function and the service function are output through the output module, so that a user can determine the target hardware of the Internet of things system directly based on the hardware information, and the requirement on the capability level of a designer is reduced. And according to the selection of the user, combining the selected functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the business function to obtain the application program running on the target hardware, so that the application program of the Internet of things system is rapidly developed, and the design difficulty of the Internet of things system is reduced.

With reference to the above embodiments of the present invention, an exemplary application of the embodiments of the present invention in a practical application scenario will be described below.

The present example provides an internet of things system determination method, including:

step 401, outputting terminal equipment information, and performing terminal equipment type selection according to the terminal equipment information;

step 402, outputting software function description information, and performing software function type selection based on the software function description information;

step 403, selecting a connection scheme of the Internet of things system according to the information of the terminal equipment type selection and the information of the software function type selection;

and 404, performing network configuration of the internet of things system according to the information of the connection scheme type selection.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the terminal device information refers to an object model of the terminal device. The terminal device is digitized and structured by an object model.

The object model is a data model which digitalizes an entity in a physical space and constructs the entity at a cloud end.

For example, taking a temperature and humidity sensor as an example, fig. 4 is a schematic view of an object model analysis of the temperature and humidity sensor provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Here, "√" indicates that the attribute, the event, and the service of the temperature and humidity sensor satisfy the environmental condition, the temperatures A, B, C, D are respectively used for indicating different temperature values, and the applications A, B, C are respectively used for indicating different application scenarios of the temperature and humidity sensor. As shown in fig. 4, at the temperature C, the detectable attributes of the temperature and humidity sensor include temperature and air pressure; the alarm information which can be provided comprises temperature alarm and air pressure alarm; actions that can be supported include setting temperature and barometric pressure thresholds. The temperature and humidity sensor can detect temperature, provide temperature alarm and support temperature threshold setting under the environmental conditions of application A, application B and application C.

The Internet of things platform acquires definition information aiming at product functions of the terminal equipment, automatically generates an object model of the terminal equipment, and describes attributes, events and services of the terminal equipment through the object model. As shown in table 1, table 1 is a description table of attributes, time, and service of the terminal device.

TABLE 1 description of attributes, time and service of terminal device

In practical application, as shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of tagging based on a terminal device object model according to an embodiment of the present invention. And the Internet of things platform labels the terminal equipment according to the object model of the terminal equipment and outputs label information of the terminal equipment so that a user can select target terminal equipment of the Internet of things system according to the label information.

In some embodiments, the internet of things platform acquires definition information of product functions of a plurality of terminal devices, and automatically generates object models of the plurality of terminal devices; and labeling the terminal equipment based on the object model of the terminal equipment, and determining a meta-scene corresponding to the terminal equipment according to the label information of the terminal equipment. As shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of preprocessing device information of a terminal device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In some embodiments, the internet of things platform acquires login information of a user, and determines a user type based on the login information of the user; and determining an information output sequence of the terminal equipment type selection corresponding to the user type according to the user type, and outputting the terminal equipment information based on the information output sequence.

In practical application, the user types comprise a first type of users and a second type of users, wherein the familiarity of the second type of users with the Internet of things system is higher than that of the first type of users with the Internet of things system.

And if the user is determined to be the first type of user according to the login information of the user, sequentially outputting the meta scene, the function information of the terminal equipment corresponding to the meta scene, the equipment type information of the terminal equipment and the equipment model information of the terminal equipment in a first output sequence.

And if the user is determined to be the second type of user according to the login information of the user, sequentially outputting the meta scene, the equipment type information of the terminal equipment corresponding to the meta scene, the function information of the terminal equipment and the equipment model information of the terminal equipment in a second output sequence.

The meta-scene refers to a large category of application scenes of the internet of things system, such as environment, energy, fire protection, security, positioning and the like. The function information refers to a label information set obtained after clustering object models of the terminal equipment, and is easier to understand by a user compared with professional parameters and function description. The device type information refers to a type of collective description information with similar functions, such as a temperature sensor, and refers to a generic term of a type of sensor whose main functions include a temperature monitoring function. The device model information refers to the specific model of the terminal device, and has uniqueness, and each model of the terminal device has relatively unique functional index and performance index.

For example, as shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a first type of user performing terminal device type selection according to an embodiment of the present invention. When the Internet of things platform determines that the user is a first-class user and a user with weak technical capability according to the login information of the user, a preset meta-scene is obtained, and the meta-scene is presented on a user interface in an option mode. According to the selection operation of a user for the meta-scene option, acquiring the function information of the terminal equipment corresponding to the selected meta-scene, and generating a corresponding function information option; acquiring type information of the terminal equipment corresponding to the selected function information according to the selection operation of the user aiming at the function information option; acquiring equipment model information of the terminal equipment corresponding to the type information according to the selection operation of a user aiming at the type information option of the terminal equipment; and determining the equipment model information of the target terminal equipment according to the selection operation of the user aiming at the equipment model information option of the terminal equipment, and taking the terminal equipment with the selected equipment model as the result of the type selection of the terminal equipment.

For example, as shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a second type of user performing terminal device type selection according to an embodiment of the present invention. When the Internet of things platform determines that the user is a second class user and a user with strong technical capability according to the login information of the user, acquiring a preset meta-scene, presenting the meta-scene on a user interface in an option mode, and acquiring type information of terminal equipment corresponding to the selected meta-scene according to the selection operation of the user on the meta-scene option; acquiring the function information of the terminal equipment corresponding to the selected type information according to the selection operation of the user aiming at the type information option of the terminal equipment; and acquiring the equipment model information of the terminal equipment corresponding to the selected function information according to the option operation of the user for the function information option of the terminal equipment, determining the equipment model information of the target terminal equipment according to the selection operation of the user for the equipment model information option of the terminal equipment, and taking the terminal equipment of the selected equipment model as the result of the type selection of the terminal equipment.

In step 402, the software function description information at least includes description information of the application basic function module and description information of the application service function module.

The application basic function module can provide basic functions irrelevant to the terminal equipment, such as a function module with functions of system monitoring function, equipment management function, asset management, space management, work order system and the like, for a user with development authority.

The application service function module can provide service functions which are strongly related to the terminal equipment to users with development authority. For example, the energy consumption management function must be associated with energy consumption metering equipment such as an electric meter, a water meter and the like to be used; the environment monitoring can be performed only by matching with an environment sensor (such as a temperature and humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor, an illumination intensity sensor and other hardware devices).

In some embodiments, the software function description information further comprises: and description information aiming at the platform management type functional module.

Here, the platform management function module of the internet of things platform can provide an information management function for maintaining normal operation of the internet of things platform to a user with a management authority. For example, a function module having functions such as an application template management function, a right management function, application management, and device management.

Wherein the authority information may include development authority and management authority. The application function corresponding to the development authority may include: an application basic function module and an application service function module of the Internet of things system; the application function corresponding to the management authority can comprise: platform management type functional module of thing networking platform.

The Internet of things platform is preset with application service function modules corresponding to all the alternative hardware and is preset with a common basic function module;

in some embodiments, these functional modules may be one or more source code blocks, or compiled code blocks.

The Internet of things platform outputs description information of software functions through a user interface, and a user selects a target application basic function module and a target application business function module according to the description information. The Internet of things platform acquires the codes of the application basic function modules and the codes of the application service function modules according to the function modules selected by the user, and writes calling functions of the function modules of the service functions in the codes corresponding to the function modules of the basic functions; and inputting the calling address of the functional module of the selected service function required by the calling function to combine the functional module of the basic function and the functional module of the service function to obtain the application program capable of running on the target terminal equipment.

In some embodiments, the internet of things platform may further obtain configuration information for the application service function module and the application basic function module; and compiling codes of interfaces of the functional modules of the basic function and the functional modules of the business function respectively based on the configuration information, so that the functional modules of the basic function and the functional modules of the business function can exchange information through the interfaces. Wherein, the code of the application basic function module comprises: and the code of the interface corresponding to each service function module.

In practical application, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of application function planning provided by the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of software function selection provided by the embodiment of the invention.

And acquiring the description information of the application function, generating description information options of the application function based on the description information, and presenting the description information options to a user through a user interface.

And determining a functional module of an application basic function and a functional module of an application service function based on the selection operation of the user for the description information option, acquiring a code of the functional module of the application service function and a code of the functional module of the application basic function, and combining the code of the functional module of the application service function and the code of the functional module of the application basic function to obtain an application program capable of running on the target terminal equipment. As shown in fig. 11, fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an application program that can run on a target terminal device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 12, fig. 12 is a parameter setting schematic diagram of a functional module of an internet of things system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. And the Internet of things platform acquires parameter setting information aiming at the functional modules of the basic functions and the functional modules of the business functions. Based on the parameter setting information, correspondingly setting an application basic function module and an application service function module of the Internet of things system;

In other embodiments, as shown in fig. 13, fig. 13 is a schematic view of a determination process of the internet of things system according to an embodiment of the present invention. After obtaining the application program which can run on the target terminal equipment, personalized information can be added to the application program. Such as domain name information, logo information, name information, and/or context information.

In step 403, the connection scheme of the internet of things system may include a wired connection scheme and a wireless connection scheme.

The wired connection scheme refers to connection through a CAN bus or a network cable and the like, and the wireless connection scheme refers to connection through a LoraWAN, WIFI or NB-IOT and the like.

In practical application, the connection scheme of the internet of things system can be determined according to the type of the network module of the target terminal device. And if the network module of the target terminal equipment is a wireless network module, starting the wireless network module, and scanning and recording the identification information of the wireless network connection equipment in the wireless signal range of the target hardware. And if the network module of the target terminal equipment is a wired network module, selecting a communication cable with a corresponding interface type for connection according to the network interface type of the wired network module.

After the connection scheme of the Internet of things system is determined, network configuration is carried out according to the connection scheme to obtain the Internet of things system; and acquiring data based on the target terminal equipment of the Internet of things system, and performing preset analysis and processing to realize a preset function. As shown in fig. 14, fig. 14 is a data flow diagram of an internet of things system provided by the embodiment of the invention. And after analyzing and processing the data, displaying the processed data on a display page.

In actual implementation, the display page can be determined according to an application scene of the internet of things system. For example, for a fire/security application scenario, the corresponding display page at least includes related contents of alarm management and work order processing; for an application scene of energy monitoring, a corresponding display page at least comprises related contents of energy monitoring and charging of a subarea; for the application scene of dynamic environment monitoring, the corresponding display page at least comprises the related contents of monitoring of urban dumb units (such as parking spaces, traffic fences, well covers and the like), environment monitoring and positioning management; for the monitoring integrated application scene, the corresponding display page at least comprises relevant contents of issuing instructions, equipment energy consumption and equipment inspection.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, where the electronic device includes:

a memory for storing executable instructions;

the processor is used for implementing the method for determining the internet of things system provided by the embodiment of the invention when the executable instructions stored in the memory are executed.

The hardware structure of the electronic device of the method for determining an internet of things system provided by the embodiment of the invention is described in detail below, and the electronic device includes, but is not limited to, a server or a terminal. The electronic equipment of the Internet of things system determination method comprises the following steps: the electronic device may further include at least one communication interface, and the components of the electronic device of the internet of things system determination method are coupled together by a bus system, which is understood to implement connection communication between the components. The bus system includes a power bus, a control bus, and a status signal bus in addition to a data bus.

It will be appreciated that the memory can be either volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, and can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. Among them, the nonvolatile Memory may be a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), a magnetic random access Memory (FRAM), a Flash Memory (Flash Memory), a magnetic surface Memory, an optical disk, or a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM); the magnetic surface storage may be disk storage or tape storage. Volatile Memory can be Random Access Memory (RAM), which acts as external cache Memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Synchronous Static Random Access Memory (SSRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (ESDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (Enhanced DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SLDRAM), Direct Memory (DRmb Access), and Random Access Memory (DRAM). The described memory for embodiments of the present invention is intended to comprise, without being limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

The memory in the embodiments of the present invention is used to store various types of data to support the operation of the electronic device of the networked system determination method. Examples of such data include: any computer program for operating on an electronic device of an internet of things system determination method, a program implementing a method of an embodiment of the invention may be embodied in a memory.

The method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can be applied to a processor or realized by the processor. The processor may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method may be performed by integrated logic circuits of hardware in a processor or instructions in the form of software. The Processor may be a general purpose Processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware components, or the like. The processor may implement or perform the methods, steps, and logic blocks disclosed in embodiments of the present invention. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the method disclosed by the embodiment of the invention can be directly implemented by a hardware decoding processor, or can be implemented by combining hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software modules may be located in a storage medium having a memory and a processor reading the information in the memory and combining the hardware to perform the steps of the method.

In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic Device of the internet of things system determination method may be implemented by one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), DSPs, Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), general purpose processors (gpus), controllers, Micro Controllers (MCUs), microprocessors (microprocessors), or other electronic components for performing the above method.

In the embodiments provided in the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. The above-described device embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the unit is only a logical functional division, and there may be other division ways in actual implementation, such as: multiple units or components may be combined, or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not implemented. In addition, the coupling, direct coupling or communication connection between the components shown or discussed may be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between the devices or units may be electrical, mechanical or other forms. The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units; some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment. In addition, all the functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may be separately regarded as one unit, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit; the integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, or in a form of hardware plus a software functional unit.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium, where a computer program is stored, and after the computer program is executed by a processor, the method for determining an internet of things system according to one or more of the foregoing technical solutions is executed, for example, the method shown in fig. 1 may be executed.

The computer storage medium provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: a mobile storage device, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes. Alternatively, the computer storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium. The non-transitory storage medium herein may also be referred to as a non-volatile storage medium.

In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium may be memory such as FRAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash, magnetic surface memory, optical disk, or CD-ROM; or may be various devices including one or any combination of the above memories. The computer may be a variety of computing devices including intelligent terminals and servers.

In some embodiments, executable instructions may be written in any form of programming language (including compiled or interpreted languages), in the form of programs, software modules, scripts or code, and may be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.

By way of example, executable instructions may correspond, but do not necessarily have to correspond, to files in a file system, and may be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programs or data, such as in one or more scripts in a hypertext Markup Language (HTML) document, in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or in multiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules, sub-programs, or portions of code).

By way of example, executable instructions may be deployed to be executed on one computing device or on multiple computing devices at one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by a communication network.

The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and scope of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An internet of things system determination method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method of claim 1, wherein outputting hardware information of the candidate hardware corresponding to the meta-scene comprises:

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the outputting different hardware information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene according to the user type and the corresponding output order of the user type comprises:

if the user type is a first type, outputting information of alternative hardware corresponding to the meta scene in a first output sequence; the first output sequence is to output the function label information, the equipment type information and the equipment model information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta scene in sequence;

or,

if the user type is of a second type, outputting information of alternative hardware corresponding to the meta scene in a second output sequence; and the second output sequence is to sequentially output the device type information, the function tag information and the device model information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta scene.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the familiarity of the system of things with the second class of users is higher than the familiarity of the system of things with the first class of users.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the combining the selected function module of the basic function and the selected function module of the business function based on the selection function for the description information to obtain the application program running on the target hardware comprises:

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the configuring, based on the configuration information, the functional modules of the basic function and the functional modules of the business function selected by the user respectively comprises:

7. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

8. The method of claim 5, further comprising:

9. An internet of things system determination apparatus, the apparatus comprising:

the output module is used for outputting hardware information of the alternative hardware corresponding to the meta-scene; and outputting description information of the application function, wherein the application function at least comprises: basic functions and business functions;

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the output module is specifically configured to:

11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the output module is further specifically configured to:

or,

12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the familiarity of the system of things with the second class of users is higher than the familiarity of the system of things with the first class of users.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 or 10, wherein the determining module comprises:

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the configuration module is specifically configured to:

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the combining module is further configured to:

16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the combining module is further configured to:

17. An electronic device, comprising:

a memory for storing executable instructions;

a processor configured to execute the executable instructions stored in the memory to implement the internet of things system determination method as claimed in any one of claims 1-8.

18. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, perform the method of determining an internet of things system of any of claims 1-8.