CN112037296A - Drawing method of application drawing in ocean mining area - Google Patents
Drawing method of application drawing in ocean mining area Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
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Abstract
A drawing method of an application map of an ocean mining area comprises the following steps: firstly, a preparation stage: collecting or updating data used for establishing an application geographic database of the ocean mining area, determining a drawing range and a scale, specifying a projection and a coordinate system, making a map symbol library and designing a drawing template; data organization stage: establishing a geographic database for applying in the ocean mining area, and combining data according to the map theme; A. establishing a database: importing geographic data, statistical data and text data related to the mining area application into a database; B. and (4) data combination, wherein different map themes correspond to different data combinations. Map mapping stage: the method comprises the steps of map symbolization and drawing template loading; fourthly, outputting a graph: and confirming the final drawing content, saving the drawing file into an MXD format, and outputting the drawing in a PDF or JPG format. The drawing method can simplify the drawing process, improve the drawing efficiency and ensure the uniformity and the specification of the application drawing of the ocean mining area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of submarine resource exploration, and particularly relates to a method for drawing an application drawing of an oceanic mining area.
Background
The deep sea has huge space and reserves a treasure which is not known and developed on the earth. The resource development with high intensity is continued, so that the contradiction between supply and demand of resources in China becomes more and more prominent, and the external dependence of mineral products is improved year by year. The application and development of the ocean mining area can provide strategic mineral safety guarantee for the construction of the ocean strong country in China.
In the process of applying for the ocean mining area in China, a mining area exploration work plan needs to be submitted to the international seabed management bureau to obtain an application form of a contract, the application form contains a large number of map pieces, and the normalization and the aesthetic degree of the map pieces influence the success of the ocean mining area application. The drawings relate to a plurality of different subjects, the required data types are various, the data can be updated and the drawings can be modified for a plurality of times in the writing process, the workload is heavy, and the construction period is short. At present, no uniform drawing standard and drawing editing process exist in the application of ocean mining areas in China, errors are easy to occur, the efficiency is low, and the map quality is difficult to guarantee.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides the drawing method of the application drawing in the ocean mining area, which can simplify the drawing process, improve the drawing efficiency and ensure the uniformity and the specification of the manufacture of the application drawing in the ocean mining area.
As conceived above, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a drawing method of an application drawing of an ocean mining area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a preparation stage: collecting or updating data used for establishing an application geographic database of the ocean mining area, determining a drawing range and a scale, specifying a projection and a coordinate system, making a map symbol library and designing a drawing template;
data organization stage: establishing a geographic database for applying in the ocean mining area, and combining data according to the map theme;
A. establishing a database: establishing a database according to a specified mathematical basis, and importing geographic data, statistical data and text data related to mining area application into the database;
B. and (4) data combination, wherein different map themes correspond to different data combinations.
Map mapping stage: the method comprises the steps of map symbolization and drawing template loading;
fourthly, outputting a graph: and confirming the final drawing content, saving the drawing file into an MXD format, and outputting the drawing in a PDF or JPG format.
Further, the data collected or updated for establishing the ocean mining area application geographic database comprises basic geographic data and mining area thematic data, the map symbol library comprises design and manufacture of dot symbols, linear symbols, planar symbols and corresponding notes, the drawing range is determined to be 150 degrees E-163 degrees E and 16 degrees N-24.5 degrees N by a scale, the scale of a wall map is 1:1700000, the scale of a text illustration is 1:5300000, the projection adopts horizontal axis mercator projection, the central meridian is 156 degrees E, and the coordinate system adopts a WGS-84 coordinate system.
Further, the stipulation method for the dot-shaped symbol as the wall chart comprises the steps of dot-shaped application area distribution, a planar application area inflection point, a geological survey station, an environmental survey station, nodule type and abundance distribution, metal element content distribution and stipulation of the size, color and style of the symbol.
Furthermore, the data of the linear symbols distributed in a linear or strip shape is represented by the linear symbols, and comprises a planar application area boundary, survey line data, a constant depth line, a gradient contour line, an echo intensity contour line, an estimated abundance contour line, and a line width, a color and a pattern of the defined symbols.
Furthermore, the planar symbols are distributed in a discrete or continuous planar manner and are represented by planar symbols, and the planar symbols comprise planar application areas, equal depth surfaces, gradient isosurface, echo intensity isosurface, estimated abundance isosurface, and color, grading and filling modes of the symbols are defined.
Furthermore, the marks corresponding to the dot-shaped symbols, the linear symbols and the planar symbols are character marks, and the characters, the character sizes, the colors and the placing principles of the characters are specified.
Further, the drawing template design is to design the picture, the outline, the name and other explanatory characters, the legend, the graticule and the picture contents of the drawings:
a. drawing sheet: defining the length and width;
b. drawing: specifying style, line width, color and position;
c. picture names and other descriptive text: defining characters, character sizes, colors and positions;
d. legend: specifying the line width, color, filling color, position, font size, color and position of the title, and font, font size, color, position and alignment mode of the symbol label;
f. and (3) graticule: defining intervals of longitude and latitude, line widths and colors of the longitude and latitude, lengths, line widths, colors and positions of scale marks, and fonts, word sizes, colors and positions of longitude and latitude marks;
g. the attached drawings are as follows: specifying drawing range, drawing elements, style, color, size, position.
Further, the step two, the combination of the different map themes corresponding to the different data is as follows:
a. application area boundary and location map: water depth data and application area data;
b. geological survey actual material map: water depth data, geological survey stations and survey line data;
c. environmental survey actual materials diagram: water depth data and environment survey stations;
d. actual material diagram: water depth data, geological survey stations, environmental survey stations and survey line data;
e. topographic map: water depth data and application area boundary data;
f. three-dimensional topographic map: three-dimensional terrain data and application area boundary data;
g. distribution diagram of main metal element content: water depth data and main metal element content distribution data;
h. tuberculosis type and abundance map: water depth data, nodule type and abundance distribution data;
i. gradient contour map: gradient data, application area limit data;
j. echo intensity contour map: echo intensity data, application area boundary data;
k. inferring abundance contour plots: inferring abundance data, application zone boundary data;
comprehensive evaluation graph: deducing abundance data, metal average content data, application area boundary data, and statistical data of area, abundance and resource amount of application area blocks.
The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1. the invention changes the drawing process of the application chart of the ocean mining area, completes a large amount of work needing manual participation in the early preparation stage, makes the time arrangement more reasonable, sets the unified drawing symbol design and finishing design standard, and realizes the normalized production of the application drawing for the first time.
2. The drawing of the map is based on the ArcGIS platform, and the steps and the flow of drawing on the GIS platform are simplified through automatic map symbolization and standard drawing template file loading, so that the repeated work is avoided, the manufacturing efficiency and the quality of the application map are improved, and the standardized, normalized and rapid manufacturing of the application map in the domestic ocean mining area is realized for the first time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a drawing of the boundary and position of the areas A and B of the multi-metal nodule application area drawn by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for drawing an application drawing of an ocean mining area, which is a method for drawing an application drawing of a western Pacific ocean polymetallic nodule application area, and the flow is shown in figure 1.
1. The early preparation stage: technical personnel are divided into a data group and a drawing group according to professional ability, the data group is used for collecting or updating data and setting the mathematical basis of drawings, and the drawing group is used for making a map symbol library and designing a drawing template.
Collecting or updating data, and establishing a geographic database for applying to the ocean mining area:
a. basic geographic data: water depth data and three-dimensional terrain data;
b. mining area thematic data: applying area data, geological survey stations, environmental survey stations, survey line data, gradient data, echo intensity data, multi-metal nodule type and abundance data, multi-metal nodule inferred abundance data, multi-metal nodule main metal content data and mining area metal average content ratio data;
setting a mathematical basis, determining a drawing range and a scale, and specifying a projection and a coordinate system:
a. scale bar: determining drawing ranges to be 150 degrees E-163 degrees E and 16 degrees N-24.5 degrees N according to the application area range, wherein the scale of the wall map is 1:1700000, and the scale of the text illustration is 1: 5300000;
b. projection: horizontal axis mercator projection, central meridian is 156 degrees E;
c. and (3) coordinate system: WGS-84 coordinate system;
making map symbol library, including designing and making of dot symbols, linear symbols, planar symbols and their correspondent marks, and using them for quick symbolization of map data:
the method is divided into wall map drawings and text illustration drawings according to different application drawings using modes. The two types of drawings differ in the size specification of dot symbols, the classification of planar symbols, and the specification of the marked character size.
a. Dot symbols: and data with small or point-shaped distribution area on the spot are represented by point-shaped symbols, and comprise application area inflection points, geological survey stations, environmental survey stations, nodule type and abundance distribution and metal element content distribution. Specifying the size, color, and style of the symbol;
the above table is a specification of dot symbols in the wall chart. The size of the dot symbols in the text illustrations is 70% of the above size.
b. Line symbol: the data in linear or strip form is represented by linear symbols, including planar application zone boundaries, survey line data, iso-depth lines, slope contours, echo intensity contours, and inferred abundance contours. Specifying the line width, color and style of the symbol;
c. surface symbol: the surface-shaped distribution in discrete or continuous surface shape is represented by surface-shaped symbols and comprises a surface-shaped application area, an equal depth surface, a slope isosurface, an echo intensity isosurface and an inferred abundance isosurface. Defining the color, grading and filling mode of the symbol;
the grading level of the isosurface in the map hanging picture is 5-8 levels, and the grading level of the isosurface in the text illustration picture is 3-8 levels. Grading according to the actual range of the corresponding attribute, keeping the interval between contour lines to be constant, and gradually changing the color step by step. The above planar symbols are all uniformly filled.
d. And (4) note marking: and marking characters corresponding to the symbols. Defining the character font, character size, color and placement principle of characters;
the above table is a rule of the notation in the wall chart. And the text illustration annotation font is subtracted by 2pt on the basis of the above.
Designing a drawing template, and designing the picture finishing contents such as the picture, the outline, the name and other explanatory characters, the legend, the graticule, the attached drawings and the like:
the specification of the drawing template of the wall map is as follows: the size of the figure is 1189mm 912 mm. The outline size of the picture is 1105mm 765mm, the line width is 3mm, the color CMYK is 0,0,100, and the vertical distances between the outline and the outer lines on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the picture are respectively as follows: 92mm, 55mm, 42 mm; the inner contour dimension was 1080mm 740mm, the line width was 0.2mm, the colors CMYK were 0,0,100, the inner contour being centered on the outer contour. The drawing name is marked above the outline of the drawing and aligned with the outline of the drawing in the middle, the coordinate system and the projection are marked below the outline of the drawing and aligned with the outline of the drawing at the left, the scale is marked below the outline of the drawing and aligned with the outline of the drawing in the middle, and the compiling unit is marked below the outline of the drawing and aligned with the outline of the drawing at the right; the characters are displayed in a Chinese-English double-row mode, the characters in Chinese are all black bodies, the characters in English are all arials, and the colors CMYK are all 0,0 and 100; the picture name number is: 48pt Chinese and 36pt English, and the coordinate system, projection, scale and writing unit font size are: chinese 16pt and English 15 pt. The border color CMYK of the legend is 0,0,0,100, the line width is 0.2mm, the filling color CMYK is 0,0,0, and the border is arranged at the lower right corner inside the inner outline; the legend titles are placed in the middle at the upper positions in the frames, the thematic symbols are marked on the right sides of the thematic symbols and are horizontally or horizontally placed in the middle at the lower sides, the thematic symbols are displayed in a Chinese-English double-row mode, and the colors CMYK are 0,0 and 100; the Chinese font and the font size of the title are respectively bold and 16pt, and the English font and the font size are respectively TimesNewRoman and 16 pt; the Chinese characters and the font sizes marked by the special characters are respectively Song style and 12pt, and the English characters and the font sizes are respectively TimesNewRoman and 10 pt. The line width of the graticule is 0.1mm, the colors CMYK are 0,0,0 and 40, the length of the scale line is 2mm, and the lettering font and the font size are Arial and 16pt respectively. The scales and the notes are displayed externally, and the longitude and latitude intervals are determined according to the drawing range. The drawing size is 240mm x 120mm, the frame color CMYK is 0,0,0 and 100, the line width is 0.2mm, the filling color CMYK is 0,0,0 and 0, and the filling color CMYK is placed at the upper right corner inside the inner drawing outline; the latitude and longitude annotation fonts and the font sizes are TimesNewRoman and 6pt respectively; the drawing contents are a contour-free world map with a fill color CMYK of 5,0,30,0 and a fill-free drawing range rectangular frame with a color CMYK of 0,100,0 and a line width of 0.5 mm.
The text illustration drawing template is specified as follows: the size of the figure sheet is 297mm by 210 mm. The dimensions 230mm 168mm, the line width 0.25mm, the colors CMYK 0,0,100, centered. The picture name and the compiling unit are not marked; the fonts and colors of the coordinate system, the projection and the scale are consistent with those of the wall map template, Chinese and English are displayed side by side, and the font size is 8 pt. The legend border and the filling are consistent with the wall map template, the legend title is not displayed, Chinese characters and word sizes marked by thematic symbols are respectively Song and 6pt, English characters and word sizes are respectively TimesNewRoman and 6pt, the contour map example is placed at the lower right outside the map outline and aligned with the bottom end of the map outline, and other legends are placed in the legend frame and placed at the lower right inside the map outline in a way of being pasted with edges. The graticule is not displayed, the length of the scale line is 1.8mm, and the lettering font and the font size are TimesNewRoman and 7pt respectively. The scales and the marks are displayed externally, the colors CMYK are all 0,0 and 100, and the longitude and latitude interval wall map template keeps consistent. The size of the drawing is 100mm by 50mm, and the others are consistent with the template of the hanging drawing.
2. A data organization stage: establishing a geographic database for applying in the ocean mining area, and combining data according to the map theme;
firstly, establishing a database: and a database is established according to a specified mathematical basis, and geographic data, statistical data and text data related to the mining area application are imported into the database, so that the data are convenient to store, manage and call. The database can add and update data at any time;
data combination, wherein different map themes correspond to different data combinations:
a. application area boundary and location map: water depth data and application area data;
b. geological survey actual material map: water depth data, geological survey stations and survey line data;
c. environmental survey actual materials diagram: water depth data and environment survey stations;
d. actual material diagram: water depth data, geological survey stations, environmental survey stations and survey line data;
e. topographic map: water depth data and application area boundary data;
f. three-dimensional topographic map: three-dimensional terrain data and application area boundary data;
g. distribution diagram of main metal element content: water depth data and main metal element content distribution data;
h. tuberculosis type and abundance map: water depth data, nodule type and abundance distribution data;
i. gradient contour map: gradient data, application area limit data;
j. echo intensity contour map: echo intensity data, application area boundary data;
k. inferring abundance contour plots: inferring abundance data, application zone boundary data;
comprehensive evaluation graph: deducing abundance data, metal average content data, application area boundary data, and statistical data of area, abundance and resource amount of an application area block;
(3) map forming stage: the method comprises the steps of map symbolization and drawing template loading;
(4) and (3) outputting a diagram: and confirming the final drawing content, saving the drawing file into an MXD format, outputting the wall map picture in a PDF format, and outputting the text illustration picture in a JPG format.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A drawing method of an application drawing of an ocean mining area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, a preparation stage: collecting or updating data used for establishing an application geographic database of the ocean mining area, determining a drawing range and a scale, specifying a projection and a coordinate system, making a map symbol library and designing a drawing template;
data organization stage: establishing a geographic database for applying in the ocean mining area, and combining data according to the map theme;
A. establishing a database: establishing a database according to a mathematical basis, and importing geographic data, statistical data and text data related to mining area application into the database;
B. and (4) data combination, wherein different map themes correspond to different data combinations.
Map mapping stage: the method comprises the steps of map symbolization and drawing template loading;
fourthly, outputting a graph: and confirming the final drawing content, saving the drawing file into MXD format, and outputting the drawing in PD F or JPG format.
2. The method for drawing an application map for an ocean mining area according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, data collected or updated for establishing an application geographic database of the ocean mining area comprises basic geographic data and mining area thematic data, the map symbol library is manufactured to comprise dot symbols, linear symbols, planar symbols and corresponding marks, the drawing range is determined to be 150 degrees E-163 degrees E and 16 degrees N-24.5 degrees N by a scale, the scale of a wall map is 1:1700000, the scale of a text illustration map is 1:5300000, the projection adopts horizontal axis mercator projection, the central meridian is 156 degrees E, and the coordinate system adopts a WGS-84 coordinate system.
3. The method for drawing an application map for an ocean mining area according to claim 1, wherein: the stipulation method for the dot-shaped symbol as the wall map comprises the steps of dot-shaped application area distribution, planar application area inflection points, geological survey stations, environmental survey stations, nodule type and abundance distribution, metal element content distribution and stipulation of the size, color and style of the stipulation symbol.
4. The method for drawing an application map for an ocean mining area according to claim 1, wherein: the data of the linear symbols distributed in a linear or strip shape are represented by the linear symbols, and comprise a planar application area boundary, survey line data, an equal depth line, a gradient contour line, an echo intensity contour line, an estimated abundance contour line and a specified symbol line width, color and style.
5. The method for drawing an application map for an ocean mining area according to claim 1, wherein: the planar symbols are distributed in a discrete or continuous planar manner and are represented by planar symbols, and the planar symbols comprise planar application areas, iso-depth surfaces, gradient isosurface, echo intensity isosurface, inferred abundance isosurface, and defined symbol color, grading and filling modes.
6. The method for drawing an application map for an ocean mining area according to claim 1, wherein: the marks corresponding to the point-shaped symbols, the linear symbols and the planar symbols are character marks, and the characters, the character sizes, the colors and the placing principles of the characters are specified.
7. The method for drawing an application map for an ocean mining area according to claim 1, wherein: the drawing template design is to design the picture, the outline, the name and other explanatory words, the legend, the graticule and the picture contents of the drawings, and comprises the following steps:
a. drawing sheet: defining the length and width;
b. drawing: specifying style, line width, color and position;
c. picture names and other descriptive text: defining characters, character sizes, colors and positions;
d. legend: specifying the line width, color, filling color, position, font size, color and position of the title, and font, font size, color, position and alignment mode of the symbol label;
f. and (3) graticule: defining intervals of longitude and latitude, line widths and colors of the longitude and latitude, lengths, line widths, colors and positions of scale marks, and fonts, word sizes, colors and positions of longitude and latitude marks;
g. the attached drawings are as follows: specifying drawing range, drawing elements, style, color, size, position.
8. The method for drawing an application map for an ocean mining area according to claim 1, wherein: step two, the combination of different data corresponding to different map themes is as follows:
a. application area boundary and location map: water depth data and application area data;
b. geological survey actual material map: water depth data, geological survey stations and survey line data;
c. environmental survey actual materials diagram: water depth data and environment survey stations;
d. actual material diagram: water depth data, geological survey stations, environmental survey stations and survey line data;
e. topographic map: water depth data and application area boundary data;
f. three-dimensional topographic map: three-dimensional terrain data and application area boundary data;
g. distribution diagram of main metal element content: water depth data and main metal element content distribution data;
h. tuberculosis type and abundance map: water depth data, nodule type and abundance distribution data;
i. gradient contour map: gradient data, application area limit data;
j. echo intensity contour map: echo intensity data, application area boundary data;
k. inferring abundance contour plots: inferring abundance data, application zone boundary data;
comprehensive evaluation graph: deducing abundance data, metal average content data, application area boundary data, and statistical data of area, abundance and resource amount of application area blocks.
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| CN202010668714.5A CN112037296B (en) | 2020-07-13 | Drawing method of ocean mining area application drawing |
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| CN202010668714.5A CN112037296B (en) | 2020-07-13 | Drawing method of ocean mining area application drawing |
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| 樊妙 等: "海洋专题要素在ArcGIS软件中的制图表达研究及应用", 《第八届ESRI中国用户大会论文集》, pages 438 - 441 * |
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