CN112036055B - Cone fit part tolerance distribution method based on simulation technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of finite element simulation analysis, and discloses a method for allocating tolerance of parts matched with a conical surface based on a simulation technology, which comprises the steps of firstly analyzing the working principle of two parts participating in conical surface matching; the purpose of defining tolerance distribution is to find a matching angle which can enable the stress deformation of the two parts at the contact conical surface to be minimum; then according to the working principle and the purpose of tolerance distribution of the two parts participating in conical surface matching, different tolerance matching is set for the two parts by utilizing finite element simulation analysis software, and the two parts are subjected to simulation analysis of stress and deformation conditions under different tolerance matching; and finally, obtaining the optimal fit tolerance according to the analysis result, and formulating an optimal tolerance distribution scheme. The invention obtains the optimal fit tolerance through simulation analysis and calculation, and makes the optimal tolerance distribution scheme without being influenced by the traditional experience.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of finite element simulation analysis, in particular to a method for allocating tolerance of conical surface matching parts based on a simulation technology.
Background
In the production process of military aircraft, in order to ensure that the performance, the function and the like of two or more matched parts meet the use requirements after the parts are assembled, tolerance distribution needs to be carried out on the parts participating in assembly, namely, the variation range of the geometric characteristics of the parts is redefined. The existing assembly tolerance allocation technology mainly depends on years of experience accumulation of process designers, a tolerance value is given first when the process design is carried out, and iteration is continuously optimized in the assembly process of the airplane.
For the conical fitting parts, no good process tolerance distribution method or experience for reference exists at present, and basically, the parts are produced within the manufacturing tolerance range of the parts according to the given tolerance of the design requirements, and the parts are selected and matched according to actual requirements during assembly. Tolerance distribution experience is suitable for common plane matching parts, and geometric dimensions such as the conical surface matching length, the conical surface angle, the collimator diameter and the like of the conical surface matching parts are different due to different use scenes, functions, parts self materials and the like, so that the judgment is difficult to be carried out by depending on experience.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for allocating tolerance of a conical surface matching part based on a simulation technology, aiming at the problem that tolerance allocation is difficult to carry out on the conical surface matching part through experience in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for distributing tolerance of parts matched with a conical surface based on a simulation technology comprises the following steps of firstly analyzing the working principle of two parts which participate in conical surface matching; the purpose of defining tolerance distribution is to find a matching angle which can minimize the stress deformation of the two parts at the contact conical surface; then according to the working principle and the purpose of tolerance distribution of the two parts participating in the conical surface matching, different tolerance matching is set for the two parts by utilizing finite element simulation analysis software, and the two parts are subjected to simulation analysis of stress and deformation conditions under different tolerance matching; and finally, obtaining the optimal fit tolerance according to the analysis result, and formulating an optimal tolerance distribution scheme.
The invention provides a conical surface matching part tolerance distribution method based on a simulation technology, which mainly comprises the following working principles: and carrying out simulation analysis operation under different tolerance matching of related parts by using finite element simulation analysis software such as ABAQUS and the like according to the working principle of the two parts participating in matching, obtaining the optimal matching tolerance according to an analysis result, and formulating an optimal tolerance distribution scheme.
Further, in order to better implement the present invention, the method for allocating tolerance of a conical surface fitting part based on simulation technology specifically comprises the following steps:
a, step a: analyzing the working principle of the assembly;
step b: the purpose of explicit tolerance assignment;
step c: creating a three-dimensional digital model according to the theoretical size without tolerance;
step d: assigning values to the part attributes;
step e: stress and deformation conditions of the two parts are analyzed under the theoretical size without tolerance;
step f: creating a three-dimensional digital model according to the range fit size;
step g: analyzing the stress and deformation conditions of the two parts under the condition of extreme difference fit size;
step h: comprehensively analyzing the step e and the step g;
step i: obtaining a tolerance distribution range according to the comprehensive analysis result of the step h;
step j: in the tolerance distribution range, motion simulation operation is carried out on the motion conditions of the two parts through finite element simulation analysis software, and the stress deformation and relative motion displacement conditions of the two parts under the action of an external force F are analyzed; continuously adjusting the conical surface angles of the two parts within a tolerance distribution range according to different stress and motion conditions until the two parts generate minimum relative displacement;
step k: and recording the respective conical surface angles of the two parts when the two parts generate minimum relative displacement, calculating the optimal fit tolerance, and making an optimal tolerance distribution scheme.
Further, in order to better realize the invention, an optimal tolerance distribution scheme is established for the conical barrel and the conical rod which are matched with the conical surfaces.
At the moment, in the step f, the three-dimensional digital models of the conical cylinder and the conical rod are respectively assigned according to the following two limit deviation values:
the first method comprises the following steps: the conical surface angle of the cone cylinder is (alpha + x), and the conical surface angle of the cone rod is (alpha-x);
and the second method comprises the following steps: the conical surface angle of the cone cylinder is (alpha-x), and the conical surface angle of the cone rod is (alpha + x);
wherein, alpha and chi are positive numbers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects.
(1) According to the cone fit part tolerance distribution method based on the simulation technology, provided by the invention, a tolerance distribution result is obtained according to simulation data analysis and is not influenced by traditional experience;
(2) the method for distributing the tolerance of the conical surface fit part based on the simulation technology is not influenced by the manufacturing maturity of a product and has wide application range;
(3) according to the cone fit part tolerance distribution method based on the simulation technology, the formed distribution scheme is obtained through simulation calculation, and is close to reality, so that excessive production resources are not wasted and unnecessary manufacturing cost is not increased due to blind improvement of manufacturing precision;
(4) the method for allocating the tolerance of the conical surface fit part based on the simulation technology can greatly shorten the development progress of a new product and improve the quality and efficiency of product development.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated in the following figures and examples without restricting the scope of the invention to the described embodiments. All of the inventive concepts disclosed herein are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an assembly structure of a cone and a cone rod;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cone;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of a conical rod;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a theoretical size of a conical cylinder in the fitting under stress deformation;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a theoretical size of a conical rod of the fitting under stress deformation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a first extreme dimension lower fitting part with a cone cylinder and a cone rod deformed under stress;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the deformation of the cone cylinder and the cone rod in the second range size lower fitting.
Wherein, 1, a cone; 2. a taper rod.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1:
in this embodiment, taking "an optimal tolerance allocation scheme is established for two parts, namely, the conical cylinder 1 and the conical rod 2, which are in conical surface fit" as an example, a method for allocating the tolerance of the conical surface fit part based on the simulation technology is provided, and the specific operations are as follows.
Step a: the working principle of the assembly was analyzed.
The assembly shown in fig. 1 is composed of a cone barrel 1 and a cone rod 2. Under the condition of airplane parking, the cone cylinder 1 and the cone rod 2 are in stress-free contact on the conical surface matching surface. When the airplane works, the conical rod 2 receives axial impact force F of other components and transmits the axial impact force F to the conical barrel 1 through the conical surface shown in the figure. At this time, the cone barrel 1 has the function of preventing the cone rod 2 from further moving forwards.
Step b: the purpose of explicit tolerance assignment;
in this embodiment, the purpose of tolerance distribution is to find a suitable fitting angle so that the forced deformation of the cone 1 and the cone rod 2 at the contact conical surface is minimized.
Step c: creating a three-dimensional digital model according to theoretical dimensions without tolerance;
according to a design drawing, a three-dimensional digital model of the cone barrel 1 and the cone rod 2 is created; wherein, the three-dimensional digital model of the cone 1 is shown in fig. 2, and the conical surface angle of the cone 1 is marked as α 1; the three-dimensional digital model of the conical rod 2 is shown in fig. 3, and the conical surface angle of the conical rod 2 is marked as alpha 2; the geometric parameter values of the three-dimensional digital model are created according to the theoretical dimensions without tolerance of the dimensions given by the design drawing, namely, the geometric parameter values of the three-dimensional digital model are alpha 1= alpha 2= alpha.
Step d: assigning values to the part attributes;
and setting the material properties of the cone barrel 1 and the cone rod 2 corresponding to the three-dimensional digital model according to the requirements of a design drawing.
Step e: stress and deformation conditions of the two parts are analyzed under the theoretical size without tolerance;
the displacement load with a certain distance is applied to the tail end of the conical rod 2 and the state is kept, the stress and deformation conditions of parts at each part in the assembly part at the moment are obtained, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, it can be seen from the figure that when the angle alpha of the conical cylinder 1 and the conical rod 2 contacting the conical surfaces is in accordance with the theoretical size, the conical surfaces are completely attached when the conical cylinder 1 and the conical rod 2 contact, at the moment, the stress of the conical cylinder 1 is mainly concentrated at the middle position of the conical head, and the stress borne by the conical rod 2 is mainly concentrated at the tail end.
Step f: creating a three-dimensional digital model according to the range fit size;
respectively assigning values to the three-dimensional digital models of the conical cylinder 1 and the conical rod 2 according to the following two limit deviation values:
the first method comprises the following steps: the conical surface angle of the cone cylinder 1 is (alpha + chi), and the conical surface angle of the conical rod 2 is (alpha-chi);
and the second method comprises the following steps: the conical surface angle of the cone cylinder 1 is (alpha-chi), and the conical surface angle of the conical rod 2 is (alpha + chi);
wherein, alpha and chi are positive numbers.
Step g: analyzing the stress and deformation conditions of the two parts under the condition of extreme difference fit size;
when the angle of the conical cylinder 1 and the conical rod 2 contacting the conical surface is two kinds of limit deviation values in step f, the conical surface can not be completely attached when the conical cylinder 1 contacts the conical rod 2, at this moment, the stress borne by the conical cylinder 1 is mainly concentrated on the top of the conical surface and the bottom of the conical surface, and the stress borne by the conical rod 2 is mainly concentrated on the tail end.
Step h: comprehensively analyzing the step e and the step g;
on the one hand, the theoretical dimensional stress analysis results are as follows:
as can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, when the conical surface angles of the conical cylinder 1 and the conical rod 2 are manufactured according to theoretical dimensions, the stress and deformation position of the conical cylinder 1 is in the middle position of the conical surface, and the conical rod 2 does not move forward, i.e. the normal use function of the part is not affected.
On the other hand, the results of the analysis of the extremely poor fit dimensional stress are as follows:
as can be seen from fig. 6 and 7, in both cases of poor fit, the tapered rod 2 tends to move forward, and this tendency affects the normal function of the part.
Step i: obtaining a tolerance distribution range according to the comprehensive analysis result of the step h;
from the analysis of the two results of step h, it is found that neither cone 1 nor rod 2 can be produced with extremely poor fit, and must be controlled to a certain value between (-x- + x), with a tolerance distribution range of (-y- + y), where y < x, and y is also a positive number.
Manufacturing errors can be generated in the manufacturing process of any part, namely the generated part cannot be in a theoretical size generally; it is critical how to control this error to the extent we need it. Because the contact surface of the conical cylinder 1 and the conical rod 2 is a conical surface structure, the tolerance of the conical surface structure is the control angles alpha 1 and alpha 2; similar angle tolerances are generally not too great during the production of military components, and a comparatively prepared angle data decomposition cannot be performed empirically even if it is known to redistribute.
Step j: in the tolerance distribution range, motion simulation operation is carried out on the motion conditions of the two parts through finite element simulation analysis software, and the stress deformation and relative motion displacement conditions of the two parts under the action of an external force F are analyzed; continuously adjusting the conical surface angles of the two parts within a tolerance distribution range according to different stress and motion conditions until the two parts generate minimum relative displacement;
finite element simulation analysis software such as ABAQUS is adopted to carry out motion simulation operation on the motion conditions of the two parts of the cone cylinder 1 and the cone rod 2, and the stress deformation and the relative motion displacement condition of a plurality of groups of two parts under the action of an external force F are analyzed within a tolerance distribution range (-y to + y). In the finite element simulation analysis process, multiple groups of parameters are selected within the tolerance distribution range according to tolerance precision in the design requirement. Typically, the tolerance accuracy of a typical aircraft part is 0.001 mm.
Step k: and recording the respective conical surface angles of the two parts when the two parts generate minimum relative displacement, calculating the optimal fit tolerance, and making an optimal tolerance distribution scheme.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for distributing tolerance of parts matched with a conical surface based on a simulation technology is characterized in that the working principle of two parts participating in conical surface matching is analyzed; the purpose of defining tolerance distribution is to find a matching angle which can minimize the stress deformation of the two parts at the contact conical surface; then according to the working principle and the purpose of tolerance distribution of the two parts participating in the conical surface matching, different tolerance matching is set for the two parts by utilizing finite element simulation analysis software, and the two parts are subjected to simulation analysis of stress and deformation conditions under different tolerance matching; finally, according to the analysis result, obtaining the optimal fit tolerance and formulating an optimal tolerance distribution scheme;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
a, step a: analyzing the working principle of the assembly;
step b: the purpose of explicit tolerance assignment;
step c: creating a three-dimensional digital model according to the theoretical size without tolerance;
step d: assigning values to the part attributes;
step e: stress and deformation conditions of the two parts are analyzed under the theoretical size without tolerance;
step f: creating a three-dimensional digital model according to the range fit size;
step g: analyzing the stress and deformation conditions of the two parts under the condition of extremely poor fit size;
step h: comprehensively analyzing the step e and the step g;
step i: obtaining a tolerance distribution range according to the comprehensive analysis result of the step h;
step j: in the tolerance distribution range, motion simulation operation is carried out on the motion conditions of the two parts through finite element simulation analysis software, and the stress deformation and relative motion displacement conditions of the two parts under the action of an external force F are analyzed; according to different stress and motion conditions, the conical surface angles of the two parts are continuously adjusted within a tolerance distribution range until the two parts generate minimum relative displacement;
step k: and recording the respective conical surface angles of the two parts when the two parts generate the minimum relative displacement, calculating the optimal fit tolerance, and making an optimal tolerance distribution scheme.
2. A method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: and establishing an optimal tolerance distribution scheme for the conical barrel and the conical rod which are matched with the conical surfaces.
3. A method of claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:
in the step f, the three-dimensional digital models of the conical cylinder and the conical rod are respectively assigned according to the following two limit deviation values:
the first method comprises the following steps: the conical surface angle of the cone cylinder is (alpha + chi), and the conical surface angle of the conical rod is (alpha-chi);
and the second method comprises the following steps: the conical surface angle of the cone cylinder is (alpha-x), and the conical surface angle of the cone rod is (alpha + x);
wherein, alpha and chi are positive numbers.
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