CN112034132A - On-load tap-changer contact damage determination method based on silver content detection - Google Patents
On-load tap-changer contact damage determination method based on silver content detection Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
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- G01N21/82—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a precipitate or turbidity
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting damage conditions of contacts of an on-load tap-changer based on silver content detection, which comprises the following steps: 1. obtaining an oil sample; 2. and (4) detecting the total silver content of the oil sample. 3. And (3) judging whether the contact is damaged or not by the total silver content obtained by the detection of the step (2) and combining with experience criteria. According to the invention, the damage condition of the contact of the oil-immersed combined on-load tap-changer is reflected by detecting the content of silver in the transformer oil, so that the health condition of the oil-immersed combined on-load tap-changer is judged and fed back in time, and a basis is provided for the maintenance of the oil-immersed combined on-load tap-changer. The invention can enable the maintainer to know the damage condition of the internal contact without the overhaul of the hanging cover, can feed back potential chronic defects possibly generated by the contact in time, has great practical significance for maintaining the safe and stable operation of the power system and also has extremely high economical efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for diagnosing faults of contacts in an on-load tap-changer. In particular to a diagnosis method for determining whether a contact of a transformer on-load tap-changer has a fault by detecting the content of metallic silver in transformer oil in the on-load tap-changer.
Background
On-load tap changers (On-load tap changers) are widely used in power grids as auxiliary equipment for transformers. The method can effectively avoid large-amplitude fluctuation of voltage, increases the flexibility of power grid dispatching, and provides reliable guarantee for stable operation of the power system.
At present, the on-load tap-changer in operation has a combined type and a combined type, and the on-load tap-changer using the oil immersion combined type is more. The change-over switch and the selection switch of the combined load switch are separated. The switch is driven by a quick mechanism, is specially used for switching load current, and is placed in a separate insulating cylinder. The selector switch is responsible for selecting the tap, does not cut off the arc, and acts before the action of the selector switch. The selector switch and the selector switch are operated in a predetermined operation sequence. The selection switch of the compound loaded switch is provided with a switching contact, the arc cutting and the tap selecting action are carried out simultaneously, the structure is compact, all parts are assembled in an insulating cylinder, and the transition resistor and the moving contact are both arranged on the rotating shaft.
This patent mainly relates to oily combination formula on-load tap-changer. The combined on-load tap-changer comprises two parts (figure 1a), one is an oil chamber (figure 1b) containing a change-over switch at the upper part, and the other is a selector switch (figure 1c) at the lower part. The tap changer is equivalent to two branches connected in parallel, when the on-load tap changer acts, the selector switch firstly selects a gear, and after a new gear is determined, the selector switch acts to complete gear shifting.
When the switch is operated, a certain time delay or contact surface friction is often caused by switching, and a discharge phenomenon is generated. In the discharging process, the vibration and bounce between the movable contact and the fixed contact can cause electric arcs and burn the contacts. The contact of the switch is often plated with silver or made of pure silver, in the process, a metal silver simple substance and an ionic compound of silver are generated, and the metal silver particles and the ionic compound are dissolved in the transformer oil in the oil chamber (the metal silver particles and the ionic compound exist in the oil in the form of particles or ions are dissolved in an organic solvent in the oil).
At present, the detection method for the on-load tap-changer mainly comprises a vibration method, a motor current method and an infrared temperature measurement method. The vibration method monitors the condition of the OLTC by monitoring vibration signals on the surface of an OLTC wiring terminal or a transformer oil tank on line, and has the main defects that the measured signals pass through the vibration signals of the conversion shaft for many times, the signal source is not directly measured, the loss of the signals in the transmission process is large, and the measurement accuracy is low. The motor current method can obtain corresponding rotating shaft torque by measuring and controlling a current signal of a motor, can judge the problems of jamming and the like of an internal mechanical structure by comparing the torque, but cannot reflect the possible abrasion or burning of a contact. The infrared temperature measurement method can observe obvious external temperature change, particularly the heating condition of the wire clamp of the outlet terminal, and the heating condition which is not obvious inside cannot be detected. When obvious temperature rise occurs outside, the heating condition inside is very serious.
Research shows that sulfur and its compounds (such as mercaptan, thioether, etc.) are contained in transformer oil. In fact, elemental sulfur dissolved in transformer oil is chemically very reactive in a thioether environment and can cause severe corrosion to the silver contact surfaces. Particularly, the over-high temperature of the surface of the contact can be caused by the burning of the electric arc in the action process of the change-over switch, the activity of elemental sulfur can be further improved by the high temperature, and the corrosion capability of the elemental sulfur to the contact is enhanced. Under the condition of electric arc, silver simple substance reacts with sulfur, and the generated silver ions are dissolved in the transformer oil. The burning degree of the contact can be determined by detecting the content of the metallic silver in the transformer oil of the on-load tap-changer oil chamber, so that the health condition of the contact can be judged.
It is necessary to say that there may be 2 ways of silver present in the oil. One is dissolved in an organic solvent and is presented in an ionic state; one is in the form of aerosols in the transformer oil. In this patent, silver and its compounds, in the form of suspended particles, are finally dissolved in strong acids and titrated in the ionic state to determine their content. In a comprehensive view, the damage condition of the internal contact can be effectively fed back by obtaining the total silver content in the equivalent oil by utilizing an ion detection method, and the method is a very effective and necessary method for diagnosing potential faults of the internal contact of the on-load tap-changer of the transformer.
In the actual operation and maintenance process, the inspection of the on-load voltage regulation contact of the transformer can be completed only through the hanging core when the switch is overhauled, the overhaul inspection of the main transformer can cause great influence on production and life, and the period of overhaul work is often longer. On-load tap changers operate relatively frequently with load changes during transformer operation, and the progress of contact loss may be relatively fast. By waiting for the overhaul period to detect the on-load tap-changer, the best opportunity to find potential defects may be missed. The significance of this project just lies in, need not to carry out overhaul and hangs the cover inspection, and ordinary test also only needs to acquire the oil sample of on-load tap-changer, through the change of ion composition in the inside oil sample of detection switch, the health condition of in time effectual discovery contact discovers the potential defect of on-load tap-changer inside contact as early as possible, provides the guidance suggestion for follow-up formulation maintenance work.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a novel method for judging the fault of an on-load tap-changer contact, which reflects the damage condition of the on-load tap-changer contact of a transformer by detecting the total content of metallic silver (solid suspended matters or dissolved ions in oil) in transformer oil in an on-load tap-changer oil chamber and provides a basis for the overhaul of the on-load tap-changer of the transformer.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a detection method for judging the health condition of a transformer on-load tap-changer contact based on the content of metal silver ions mainly comprises the following three aspects: a) obtaining a sample, b) detecting metal silver ions, c) judging the result
Compared with the existing method for judging the fault of the on-load tap-changer of the transformer, the method has the following advantages that:
the invention can more accurately judge the related faults of the contact, particularly contact burning caused by arc discharge, and can definitely know the specific unit of the fault. In fact, the traditional oil chromatogram can determine the fault type by detecting the specific gravity of the gas component in the oil, but cannot determine the specific position of overheating and discharging inside the on-load tap-changer. In general, defects of contact wear or arc burn are not easy to be discovered immediately, and faults caused by spring jamming inside the mechanical unit can be generally discovered by detecting abnormal current of an external driving motor.
The invention can feed back the health condition of the contact in time, and determine the damage degree of the contact by detecting and comparing the content of the metallic silver in the oil sample, wherein the comparison is realized by a special detection tool.
The detection tool related in the invention mainly comprises an oil analysis spectrometer which is specially used for analyzing the content of the components in the oil. Since oil analysis spectrometers cannot be used to detect solid particulate matter, it is necessary to filter out suspended particulate matter. For larger suspended particles that may be present, this patent deals with the process of filtration, drying, and dissolution titration.
A detection method for judging the health condition of a transformer on-load tap-changer contact based on the content of metal silver ions is characterized in that a new detection variable, namely the content of silver element in oil, is introduced. The damage condition of the contact is reflected by detecting the content of the silver element, so that the health condition of the on-load tap-changer is judged. The method has the obvious advantages that the damage condition of the switch contact can be known in the daily operation and maintenance process, the on-load tap-changer does not need to be subjected to core hanging inspection, the potential defect that the interior of the on-load tap-changer is not formed can be found, operation and maintenance staff can make an on-site maintenance strategy according to the condition in time, and the stable operation of the power system is effectively guaranteed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined on-load tap-changer.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
In order to make the present invention more comprehensible, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
A detection method for judging the damage condition of a transformer on-load tap-changer contact based on the content of metallic silver mainly comprises the following three aspects: a) obtaining an oil sample, b) detecting metallic silver, and c) judging the result.
a) Obtaining an oil sample: according to whether an on-load tap-changer is provided with an on-line oil filter or not in a working site, the method can be divided into
1) When the on-load tap-changer has no oil filter, oil is taken from the oil outlet pipe of the tap-changer.
2) And when the on-load decomposition switch is externally connected with an oil filter and the switch oil outlet pipe is provided with a three-way valve, oil is taken from an oil inlet of the oil filter.
3) And when the load decomposition switch is externally connected with the oil filter but the switch oil outlet pipe is not provided with a three-way valve, taking oil from the exhaust port of the oil filter.
The oil sample obtained is placed in a special storage tool.
An oil sample is obtained at intervals, the time interval of each sampling is required to be the same (generally 1 month can be selected as a time interval), and the detection result is specifically determined according to the detection result, and if the difference of the detection results of the two intervals is large, the detection force of a sampling main transformer needs to be increased.
b) And (3) detection of metallic silver: considering that the existing form of the metallic silver in the obtained oil sample can be two, one form is dissolved in the oil in an ionic state, and the part is detected by an oil spectrometer; another form is in the form of particles suspended in oil, which also requires a filtration operation followed by titration. The detection modes adopted for the two parts are slightly different, and the final calculation result is to equate the calculated silver content in the form of particles into an ionic state, and the equivalent concentration is taken as the final result.
According to different application scenes of the online oil filter, the treatment modes of the corresponding oil samples are different, specifically speaking
For the samples which are not connected into the online oil filter, considering that suspended particles possibly exist in the oil, the samples need to be correspondingly treated, wherein after half of the samples are treated, the dried impurities are subjected to component analysis to determine whether the samples contain silver or not and determine the equivalent silver content, and after the other half of the samples are filtered, the ionic silver content in the oil is determined.
For the online oil filter, the content of silver in the silver state in the oil can be directly measured by an instrument considering that the observable suspended particles in the oil are basically filtered out and the step of filtering out impurities is not needed.
b.1. Detection of ions in oil: the oil material spectrum analyzer can be used for quantitatively analyzing various components in oil to obtain corresponding ion concentration which can be accurate to sub-ppm level. In the operation process, the needed oil sample is few, and only about 2mL is needed once. The effect on the oil chamber of the on-load tap-changer of the transformer is small as a result of each sampling.
b.2. Titration of elemental silver in particle suspensions that may be present in oil
The possible particle suspension in the oil is CuS, Cu2S，Ag2S, S take into account that these suspensions have a higher solubility in water than in oil. The sample can be poured into distilled water with the same amount, and the upper oil layer is sucked out after standing and layering. The remaining solid particles (if any) were detected by evaporating the water from the sample with a dry pan. The basic idea of the ion detection method is to dissolve silver ions in a strongly acidic environment and then analyze the presence and content of the silver ions by adding an identification reagent.
The method comprises the following steps: detection by ion content in acidic environment:
grinding the particles into powder, adding a small amount of distilled water, stirring uniformly, adding a dilute nitric acid solution, and heating properly until impurities in the solution are completely dissolved. After cooling, the solution treated with dilute nitric acid was titrated with 20% NaCl solution until no white turbidity was produced by continued dropping into the water. The dosage of each dropping of NaCl solution was recorded.
The second method comprises the following steps: flohard method
Grinding the particles into powder, adding a small amount of distilled water, stirring uniformly, adding a dilute nitric acid solution, and heating properly until impurities in the solution are completely dissolved. After cooling, under acidic conditions, with ferric ammonium alum as an indicator, the Ag + in the solution was directly titrated with a standard solution of NH4SCN (or KSCN, NaSCN) until the red color of FeSCN2+ appeared in the solution, indicating the end point was reached. The dose of each drop of NH4SCN solution was recorded.
c) And (4) judging a result: according to the method, historical data needs to be accumulated, and the health degree of the contact of the diverter switch in the on-load tap-changer is judged by comparing the damage degree of the previous contact with the equivalent total silver content of an oil sample in a fault.
And establishing a relation between corresponding defect levels and the total silver content by acquiring enough sample historical data.
Table 1: detecting the corresponding relation between the total silver content and the defect grade
For the explanation of defect level 1 in table 1: generally speaking, the transformer contains a small amount of impurities of sulfur and sulfur compounds (mercaptan, thioether, etc.), and studies have shown that elemental sulfur is particularly active for corrosion of metallic silver flakes in the environment of mercaptan, so that metallic silver ions in an oil sample can exist even in the case of non-failure. In addition, because the contact is because of the effect of mutual friction power between the contact when the switch switches the gear, can make the most surperficial metal level drop inevitable, also can cause the wearing and tearing of contact, but these wearing and tearing are not enough to cause the influence to the normal operating of regulating switch.
For X in Table 1, it is apparent that there is X1<X2<X3<X4And X1<<X4
For further explanation of X in table 1, in consideration of differences of oil-immersed on-load tap changers of different voltage classes of different manufacturers, the total silver content corresponding to the method cannot be specifically and uniformly calibrated, and a large amount of historical data needs to be accumulated.
The latter defect classes need to be combined with specific accident classes.
Appendix 4 illustrates part of the chemical equations involved in the assay
The specific embodiments of the present invention are described by reference, and although specific terms are used herein for illustration, the scope of the present invention should not be limited thereby, and all methods related to the detection of characteristic quantities of an on-load tap changer using silver ion content are included in the claims of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can implement the equivalent by means of modification and alteration after understanding the spirit and principles of this patent, and such equivalent changes and alterations should be considered to be within the scope of the following claims.
The partial chemical reaction descriptions referred to in the appendix 1 patent
Method one involves the chemical equation:
in the detection, the impurities obtained by sampling may contain various components, including but not limited to CuS, Cu2S, Ag2S, S
In fact, CuS is not stable to heat and is easily decomposed when heated
Reaction with dilute nitric acid
When the concentration of nitric acid is higher
In fact, S is oxidized to 6 in concentrated nitric acid, then
S+HNO3(concentrated) → H2SO4+NO2+H2O
Combining the above results:
Cu2+the ions usually appear light blue in solution, and the patent can also be used for the existence of Cu2+Ion(s)
For silver salts:
in the mixed solution, Ag may be present2SO4When the data are consulted, the acid environment is reached
Note that the AgCl solubility was 0.001923g, Ag, at 20 deg.C2SO4Has a solubility of 0.8g, Cu2Solubility of S is 2.4X 10-17g
Chemical equation involved in method two
Details regarding the production of silver salts have been found in method one and are not described here.
Iron ammonium vanadium (NH)4)2SO4·Fe2(SO4)3·24H2O is a chemical substance, colorless to light purple transparent octahedral crystal, odorless and astringent sour. Having a tendency to be pathogenic. Readily soluble in water and practically insoluble in alcohol.
Titration reaction: ag++SCN-＝AgSCN↓
Indicating the reaction: fe3++SCN-＝FeSCN2+(Red)
The solubility of AgSCN in water is lower than that of AgCl, and is more obviously lower than that of Ag2SO4So that the solution of ferric ammonium alum does not affect Ag+Titration. Firstly, AgSCN precipitates are separated out from the solution, and when Ag is contained+After quantitative precipitation, one drop of NH in excess4SCN solution with Fe3+A red complex was generated, which was the endpoint of the titration.
Where care is required:
1. time to end point and Fe3+Is related to the concentration of (c);
2. when the solution is dripped, the acidity of the solution is generally controlled to be 0.1-1 mol/L, and Fe is generated at the moment3+Mainly made of Fe3+(H20)6 3+Is in the form of a lighter color. If the acidity is too low, Fe3+ hydrolyzes to form brown Fe (H)20)5OH2+Or Fe2(H20)4(OH)2 4+And the like, and even the hydrated oxide precipitate can be separated out when the acidity is too low.
3. During the titration process, the AgSCN precipitate formed continuously has strong adsorption effect, and part of Ag+Adsorbed onto the surface of the substrate, the end point may appear too early, resulting in a low titration result, and the solution must be shaken sufficiently to allow adsorbed Ag during titration+Can be released in time.
Claims (5)
1. A method for judging damage of a contact of an oil-immersed combined on-load tap-changer comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring an oil sample from a transformer on-load tap changer, wherein the sampling volume is 500mL, and a periodic sampling method is adopted;
step 2, detecting the obtained oil sample to determine the silver content of the oil sample;
step 3, judging whether a change-over switch contact of the oil immersion combined type on-load tap-changer is damaged or not and the damage degree of the change-over switch contact according to the content of the silver obtained by the determination;
in particular, the on-load tap changer oil taking at the work site also needs to determine the details of step 2 according to whether an online oil filter is installed or not:
1) when the on-load tap-changer has no oil filter, taking oil from an oil outlet pipe of the tap-changer;
2) the on-load decomposition switch is externally connected with an oil filter, and when the switch oil outlet pipe is provided with a three-way valve, oil is taken from an oil inlet of the oil filter;
3) when the on-load decomposition switch is externally connected with an oil filter but the switch oil outlet pipe is not provided with a three-way valve, taking oil from an exhaust port of the oil filter;
note that: in the oil extraction process, the relevant regulations of national grid companies on power transformation overhaul operation and maintenance are adhered to, and a sufficient safety distance is kept between the oil extraction system and a charged part.
2. The method for determining damage to the contact of the oil-immersed combined on-load tap-changer according to claim 1, wherein, in particular, the treatment modes of the corresponding oil samples are different according to different application scenarios of the on-line oil filter, specifically, 1) for the samples which are not connected to the on-line oil filter, considering that suspended particles may exist in the oil, the samples need to be correspondingly treated, wherein after half of the samples are treated, the impurity particles after drying are subjected to component analysis to determine whether the samples contain silver and determine the equivalent silver content, and after the other half of the samples are filtered, the ionic silver content in the oil is determined;
2) for the online oil filter, the content of the ionic silver in the oil can be directly measured by an instrument because the observable suspended particles in the oil are basically filtered out and the step of filtering out impurities is not needed.
3. The method for determining the damage condition of the contact of the oil-immersed combined on-load tap-changer according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the defect grade of the contact is obtained by searching in a corresponding relation table of the total silver content and the defect grade according to the calculated total silver content by using a table look-up method, wherein the corresponding relation table of the silver content and the defect grade is obtained by the following method:
aiming at a plurality of oil-immersed combined on-load tap-changers with different contact health conditions, the total content of silver corresponding to each oil-immersed combined on-load tap-changer is obtained through the steps 1-3, the detection result corresponds to the contact damage degree, and a corresponding relation table of the total silver amount and the defect grade is formed.
4. The method for determining the health condition of the oil-immersed combined on-load tap-changer contact according to claim 1, wherein the correspondence between the total silver content in the oil and the damage degree of the on-load tap-changer contact is established by detecting the total silver content in the oil sample.
5. The method for determining the health of the oil-immersed combined on-load tap-changer contact according to claim 1, wherein the vessel is provided with a measuring range during sampling.
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| CN113390591A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-09-14 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | On-load tap-changer mechanical vibration detection system and method based on 5G network |
| CN114152872A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-08 | 湖南大学 | Oil-immersed metal equipment health condition diagnosis method based on metal ion detection |
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| CN113390591B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-09-13 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | On-load tap-changer mechanical vibration detection system and method based on 5G network |
| CN114152872A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-08 | 湖南大学 | Oil-immersed metal equipment health condition diagnosis method based on metal ion detection |
| CN114152872B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-11-29 | 湖南大学 | Oil-immersed metal equipment health condition diagnosis method based on metal ion detection |
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