CN112034031B - Magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection and adjustment system and adjustment method thereof - Google Patents
Magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection and adjustment system and adjustment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection and adjustment system and an adjustment method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of magnetic field regulation, and particularly relates to a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection and regulation system and a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection and regulation method.
Background
In modern industry, ferromagnetic materials are widely used in large industrial facilities because of their good mechanical properties to meet various engineering requirements. In order to ensure the safe operation of the equipment, the equipment needs to be periodically subjected to defect detection and performance evaluation. The magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection technology is a novel nondestructive detection technology, has a series of advantages of rapidness, no damage, quantification and the like, and is gradually used for solving the corresponding requirements.
In the actual detection process, the probe can only ensure the complete coupling with the flat plate type part and cannot be applied to a complex plane, because the coupling degree change of the magnetic yoke of the probe and the part can influence the magnetic flux density and distribution in the material, a uniform standard cannot be formed in the actual measurement process, namely the consistency of the actual magnetic flux density value cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection and adjustment system and an adjustment method thereof aiming at the problems in the prior art, wherein a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection probe, a power amplifier, an amplification chip, an A/D converter and the like are arranged to detect the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal, and a singlechip, a signal generator and the power amplifier are arranged to adjust exciting current, so that the deviation between the actual value and the theoretical value of the root-mean-square of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal caused by irregular part shape is eliminated, the accurate adjustment of the magnetic flux density on the surface of the part is realized, and the measured magnetic Barkhausen noise signal has higher reliability.
The specific implementation content of the invention is as follows:
a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection and regulation system comprises a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection probe, an amplification chip, an A/D converter, a single chip microcomputer, a signal generator and a power amplifier which are connected in sequence; the power amplifier is also connected with the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection probe.
In order to better implement the invention, further, the magnetic barkhausen noise signal detection probe comprises a U-shaped magnetic yoke, a detection coil, an excitation coil, a Hall element and a magnetic core;
the U-shaped magnetic yoke is arranged in an inverted manner in an Jiong shape, the excitation coil is wound on a cross beam at the top end of the U-shaped magnetic yoke, the magnetic core is arranged on the inner side of the U-shaped magnetic yoke and positioned below the cross beam, and the detection coil is wound on the magnetic core;
the Hall element is placed beside the detection coil and is connected with the input end of the amplifying chip;
and the output end of the power amplifier is connected with the exciting coil.
The invention also provides a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection method, which comprises the steps of firstly writing a PID algorithm function in a single chip microcomputer, and regulating and controlling the current value of the excitation signal according to the deviation amount between the actual magnetic flux density value and the preset magnetic flux density value by using a regulation and control model in the PID algorithm function; after primary regulation, loading the magnetic flux density value acquired in real time by using the Hall element into the regulation model again to form cyclic regulation until the deviation value is within the required range, and finally determining the current value of the excitation signal to finish the detection of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal.
In order to better realize the invention, further, after writing a PID algorithm function in the singlechip, the specific operation of detecting the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a heat treatment system to prepare two calibration test blocks with different hardness; the calibration test block is made of the same material as the part to be detected;
step 2: measuring the two calibration test blocks with different hardness prepared in the step 1 by using a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection and adjustment system, and calculating the difference value of the root mean square of the MBN signals corresponding to the two calibration test blocks to obtain an excitation current value with the best detection sensitivity;
and step 3: measuring the plane of the part to obtain a preset magnetic flux density value of a PID algorithm function;
and 4, step 4: measuring the position of the part to be detected to obtain the actual magnetic flux density value of the real-time input PID algorithm function;
and 5: according to the deviation between the actual magnetic flux density value and the preset magnetic flux density value, performing cyclic adjustment by a PID algorithm function until the deviation amount meets the requirement of an engineering application error index, and determining a final excitation current value;
step 6: and (5) measuring an MBN signal of the position to be detected of the part by adopting the final excitation current value determined after adjustment in the step 5, thereby completing the detection of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, in step 1, the specific operations of preparing two calibration test blocks with different hardness by selecting a heat treatment system are as follows: two square calibration test blocks are selected, and annealing and quenching treatment are carried out on the two square test blocks according to the change rule of the phases in the iron-carbon alloy phase diagram, so that two calibration test blocks with different hardness are obtained.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, the specific operations of step S2 are: changing magnetic flux density by controlling current value of exciting coil, measuring calibration test block by magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detecting probe, and recording mean square of corresponding MBN signal of calibration test block with different hardnessRoot according to formula Si＝(RMSAi-RMSWQi) And calculating the difference value of the MBN signal root mean square corresponding to the two calibration test blocks with different hardness, wherein the larger the difference value is, the higher the sensitivity is, and thus determining the excitation current value with the optimal detection sensitivity.
In order to better implement the invention, further, in the step 5, the optimal excitation current value determined in the step 2 is used for measuring the position of the part to be detected, and the magnetic flux density value measured by the hall element in real time is used as feedback and input of a PID algorithm function for cyclic adjustment.
In order to better implement the present invention, further, in step 5, the PID algorithm functions jointly perform proportionality, integral and differential functions, and regulate and control the excitation current value according to the deviation between the real-time magnetic flux density value and the preset magnetic flux density value, so as to regulate and control the actual magnetic flux density, and the specific operation is expressed as the following formula:
Ij＝kp*σj+ki*aj*∑bj*σj/2+kd*[σj-σj-1] (1)
wherein k ispIs a proportionality coefficient, kiIs an integral coefficient, kdIs a differential coefficient, σjIs an amount of deviation, ajIs a coefficient of deviation, bjThe coefficient of anti-saturation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) the PID adjusting function module provided by the invention ensures that the complicated manual adjustment of the excitation current value is not needed when the part is measured, the detection efficiency is improved, and the reliability of the detection result is ensured;
(2) in the engineering detection process, the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection probe is arranged at the position to be detected of the part, the excitation current is adjusted after the short time, the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal is detected, and the high-efficiency working efficiency is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the detection and adjustment system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a conditioning method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plot of excitation current versus normalized sensitivity;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection probe provided by the present invention at the plane of the measurement part;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the magnetic Barkhause noise signal detection probe provided by the invention for measuring the curved surface of a part.
Wherein: 1. excitation coil, 2, detection coil, 3, magnetic core, 4, hall element, 5, U-shaped yoke.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and therefore should not be considered as a limitation to the scope of protection. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
the embodiment proposes a magnetic barkhausen noise signal detection and adjustment system, as shown in fig. 1: when alternating current passes through the exciting coil 1 wound on the U-shaped magnetic yoke 5, the generated alternating magnetic field passes through the U-shaped magnetic yoke 5 to form a magnetic loop with a part to be detected. The detection coil 2 with the magnetic core 3 is positioned in the middle of the U-shaped magnetic yoke 5 and is responsible for measuring a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal at the position to be detected of a part, and then the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal is subjected to band-pass filtering, amplification processing and AD conversion and then is stored and displayed by a terminal. The Hall element 4 is arranged beside the detection coil 2 and is responsible for measuring the surface magnetic field of the part to be detected, then the magnetic field signal is amplified, AD converted, stored and processed by the single chip microcomputer, then the single chip microcomputer generates an adjusting instruction to control the signal generator to generate a new excitation signal, and then the excitation signal sequentially passes through the power amplifier and the excitation coil 1 to realize the adjusting function.
Example 2:
the embodiment also proposes a magnetic barkhausen noise signal adjusting method, as shown in fig. 3, 4, and 5, which includes the following specific processes:
step 1: according to the cooling transformation curve of 24CrNiMo alloy steel, determining that the heating temperature is 900 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 2h, and accordingly carrying out annealing A and quenching WQ treatment on the square test block to obtain two calibration test blocks with different hardness for preparing for subsequent parameter selection;
step 2: changing magnetic flux density by controlling current value of excitation signal, measuring calibration test blocks by using magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection probe, recording root mean square of MBN signals corresponding to different calibration test blocks, and calculating the root mean square of MBN signals according to formula Si＝(RMSAi-RMSWQi) Calculating the difference value of the corresponding MBN signal root mean square of different calibration test blocks, wherein the larger the difference value is, the higher the sensitivity is, accordingly determining that the excitation current value with the best detection sensitivity is 4A, and the relation between the excitation current and the normalized sensitivity is shown in FIG. 3;
and step 3: measuring the flat part according to the optimal excitation current value determined in the step 2, wherein the magnetic flux density value measured by the Hall element 4 is taken as the preset magnetic flux density value of the PID algorithm function, and the plane part measured by the magnetic Barkha noise signal detection probe is shown in figure 4;
and 4, step 4: measuring the position of the part to be detected according to the optimal excitation current value determined in the step 2, wherein the magnetic flux density value measured by the Hall element 4 in real time is used as the feedback and input of a PID algorithm function, and the part curved surface position measured by the magnetic Barkha noise signal detection probe is shown in figure 5;
and 5: according to the deviation between the actual magnetic flux density value and the preset magnetic flux density value, the PID algorithm function carries out cyclic adjustment until the deviation amount sigmajWhen the current is less than 0.01, the final excitation current value is 4.239A;
step 6: and 4.239A sine wave is used as an excitation signal, and an MBN signal of the position to be detected of the part is measured.
Example 3:
this embodiment is based on the above embodiment 2, and the present invention adjusts the magnetic flux density based on the PID algorithm. The algorithm function of the PID is mainly composed of three parts, proportional, integral and differential. First, the deviation σ between the real-time magnetic flux density value measured by the hall element 4 and the preset magnetic flux density value is judgedjWhether or not it is smaller than the allowable deviation value sigma0If the judgment result is true, outputting an excitation current value and measuring a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal, otherwise, enabling a PID algorithm function to play a regulating function; next, the absolute value abs (σ) of the deviation amount is determinedj) Whether or not less than sigmaminIf the judgment result is true, the deviation coefficient aj1, and then judging the absolute value abs (sigma) of the deviation amountj) Whether or not greater than sigmamaxIf the judgment result is true, the deviation coefficient ajIs 0, otherwise the deviation coefficient ajIs (sigma)max-abs(σj)/0.1*σmax) (ii) a Finally, the integral accumulation deviation sigma b is judgedj*σjIf it is greater than the limit value Σ for the integral sum deviationLimitIf the judgment result is true, the anti-saturation coefficient is-1, otherwise, the anti-saturation coefficient is 1. Finally determining the expression of the PID algorithm function according to the correlation coefficient, and deviating sigmajLoading expression to calculate and obtain regulated excitation current value IjThen the Hall element 4 measures the current value as IjThe excitation signal of (2) generates a strength value H of the magnetic fieldjAnd calculating the deviation sigmaj+1And other steps repeat the above process, so as to form cyclic adjustment until the judgment of the first step is true. A flow chart of the PID algorithm regulation process is shown in fig. 2.
The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 2, and thus are not described again.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and all simple modifications and equivalent variations of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A magnetic Barkhausen noise signal adjusting method is based on a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection adjusting system and is characterized in that a PID algorithm function is written in a single chip microcomputer, and a current value of an excitation signal is adjusted and controlled by using an adjusting and controlling model in the PID algorithm function according to a deviation amount between an actual magnetic flux density value and a preset magnetic flux density value; after primary regulation, loading the magnetic flux density value acquired in real time by using the Hall element (4) into a regulation model again to form cyclic regulation until the deviation value is in a required range, and finally determining the current value of the excitation signal to finish the detection of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal;
after a PID algorithm function is written in the singlechip, the specific operation of detecting the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal comprises the following steps:
step 1: selecting a heat treatment system to prepare two calibration test blocks with different hardness; the calibration test block is made of the same material as the part to be detected; the specific operation is as follows: selecting two square calibration test blocks, and annealing and quenching the two square test blocks according to the change rule of the phases in the iron-carbon alloy phase diagram to obtain two calibration test blocks with different hardness;
step 2: measuring the two calibration test blocks with different hardness prepared in the step 1 by using a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection and adjustment system, and calculating the difference value of the root mean square of the MBN signals corresponding to the two calibration test blocks to obtain an excitation current value with the best detection sensitivity; the specific operation is as follows: changing magnetic flux density by controlling the current value of the exciting coil (1), measuring a calibration test block by using a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection probe, recording the root mean square of MBN signals corresponding to the calibration test blocks with different hardness, and calculating the root mean square of the MBN signals according to a formula Si＝(RMSAi-RMSWQi) Calculating corresponding MBN signals of two calibration test blocks with different hardnessThe root mean square difference value is larger, the higher the difference value indicates the higher the sensitivity, and therefore the excitation current value with the optimal detection sensitivity is determined;
and step 3: measuring the plane of the part to obtain a preset magnetic flux density value of a PID algorithm function;
and 4, step 4: measuring the position of the part to be detected to obtain the actual magnetic flux density value of the real-time input PID algorithm function;
and 5: according to the deviation between the actual magnetic flux density value and the preset magnetic flux density value, performing cyclic adjustment by a PID algorithm function until the deviation amount meets the requirement of an engineering application error index, and determining a final excitation current value; measuring the position to be detected of the part by using the optimal excitation current value determined in the step (2), and performing feedback and input of cyclic regulation by taking the magnetic flux density value measured in real time by the Hall element (4) as a PID algorithm function; the PID algorithm function combines and plays a role in proportion, integration and differentiation, and the excitation current value is regulated and controlled according to the deviation amount between the real-time magnetic flux density value and the preset magnetic flux density value, so that the actual magnetic flux density is regulated and controlled; the specific operation is as follows: firstly, the deviation sigma between the real-time magnetic flux density value measured by the Hall element (4) and the preset magnetic flux density value is judgedjWhether or not it is smaller than the allowable deviation value sigma0If the judgment result is true, outputting an excitation current value and measuring a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal, otherwise, enabling a PID algorithm function to play a regulating function; next, the absolute value abs (σ) of the deviation amount is determinedj) Whether or not less than sigmaminIf the judgment result is true, the deviation coefficient aj1, and then judging the absolute value abs (sigma) of the deviation amountj) Whether or not greater than sigmamaxIf the judgment result is true, the deviation coefficient ajIs 0, otherwise the deviation coefficient ajIs (sigma)max-abs(σj)/0.1*σmax) (ii) a Finally, the integral accumulation deviation sigma b is judgedj*σjIf it is greater than the limit value Σ for the integral sum deviationLimitIf the judgment result is true, the anti-saturation coefficient is-1, otherwise, the anti-saturation coefficient is 1, and the expression of the specific operation is as follows:
Ij＝kp*σj+ki*aj*∑bj*σj/2+kd*[σj-σj-1] (1)
wherein k ispIs a proportionality coefficient, kiIs an integral coefficient, kdIs a differential coefficient, σjIs an amount of deviation, ajIs a coefficient of deviation, bjIs the anti-saturation coefficient;
step 6: measuring an MBN signal of the position to be detected of the part by adopting the final excitation current value determined after the adjustment in the step 5, thereby completing the detection of the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal;
the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection and adjustment system comprises a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection probe, an amplification chip, an A/D converter, a single chip microcomputer, a signal generator and a power amplifier which are sequentially connected; the power amplifier is also connected with a magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection probe; the magnetic Barkhausen noise signal detection probe comprises a U-shaped magnetic yoke (5), a detection coil (2), an excitation coil (1), a Hall element (4) and a magnetic core;
the U-shaped magnetic yoke (5) is arranged in an inverted manner in an Jiong shape, the excitation coil (1) is wound on a cross beam at the top end of the U-shaped magnetic yoke (5), the magnetic core is arranged on the inner side of the U-shaped magnetic yoke (5) and is positioned below the cross beam, and the detection coil (2) is wound on the magnetic core;
the Hall element (4) is placed beside the detection coil (2) and is connected with the input end of the amplification chip;
the output end of the power amplifier is connected with the exciting coil (1).
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