CN112033889A - Method for detecting medium salt corrosion resistance of laser cladding coating - Google Patents
Method for detecting medium salt corrosion resistance of laser cladding coating Download PDFInfo
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 200
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 98
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for detecting the middle salt corrosion resistance of a laser cladding coating, which is characterized in that a sample to be detected is respectively subjected to the performance detection of sodium chloride complete corrosion resistance, the performance detection of sodium chloride pitting corrosion resistance, the performance detection of sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance and the performance detection of atmosphere corrosion resistance above the sea level of sodium chloride; the detection method provided by the invention does not need to destroy a cladding layer sample in a large area, can obviously save time and test cost, and can effectively test four corrosion resistance performances of medium salt resistance, complete corrosion, pitting corrosion, gap corrosion and atmosphere corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material performance detection, and particularly relates to a method for detecting medium salt corrosion resistance of a laser cladding coating.
Background
The laser cladding is that powder material is added on the surface of a substrate, and the powder material and the surface of the substrate are simultaneously melted and rapidly solidified through high-energy laser beam irradiation to form a coating which is in metallurgical bonding with a matrix. Coatings with different properties and sizes can be formed on the surface of the metal structure by controlling a material system, a processing technology, a processing track and the like, so that the properties of abrasion resistance, impact resistance, denudation, heat insulation, oxidation corrosion and the like of the surface are improved. The method has the characteristics of controllable forming structure components and size, small thermal deformation, extremely fine structure, good comprehensive mechanical property, high flexibility, high processing speed, easy realization of automation of the process, and equivalent or better mechanical property of the formed coating compared with the traditional preparation method. Has wide application potential in the fields of aerospace, mechanical power, ocean engineering, molds, medical treatment and the like.
The offshore petrochemical industry is generally carried out on offshore platforms (offshore platforms, a truss structure which is higher than the sea surface and has a horizontal platform surface for production operations or other activities), and the working environment is subjected to the continuous impact of seawater and the strong corrosive action of sodium chloride, so that the materials used as pipelines and valves for transporting oil and natural gas produced by ocean exploration need to have good plasticity, toughness and corrosion resistance.
Structural metals and alloys commonly used in marine operations are subject to attack by seawater or the marine atmosphere, such as: marine hulls, propellers, various metal structures at harbors, offshore production platforms, oil pipelines, etc. are subject to severe corrosion by seawater. With the acceleration of deep sea research and underwater operation, the research on seawater corrosion resistant materials is rapidly progressing. Among them, nickel-based alloy is an important seawater corrosion resistant material.
The nickel-based alloy coating is cladded on the surface of the structural member by adopting laser, so that the corrosion resistance and even high-temperature corrosion resistance of the structural member can be greatly improved, and the structural member has the properties of high strength, good plasticity and toughness, smelting, casting, cold and hot deformation, processing and forming, welding and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of petrifaction, energy, ocean, aerospace and the like. The nickel-based alloy coating has the characteristics of high strength, high plasticity and toughness and good corrosion resistance, and completely meets the requirements of pipeline materials in the marine petrochemical industry, so that the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding coating can be widely applied to the field of marine petrochemicals.
At present, the corrosion resistance evaluation method for nickel-based alloy products, particularly nickel-based alloy coating products, mainly comprises tests such as a chemical immersion method and an electrochemical method. These methods are destructive tests and require a certain number of samples to be tested, and more importantly do not take into account the fact that nickel-based alloy coatings are subject to corrosion of various types when in service in seawater. Therefore, the traditional detection method cannot perfectly detect the corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy cladding coating to various corrosion types in the medium salt environment, and has the disadvantages of more consumed experimental samples and higher cost.
The nickel-based alloy cladding layer prepared by adopting the laser cladding method is greatly different from the nickel-based alloy material prepared by the traditional method. Firstly, the laser cladding processing process is a rapid heating and rapid cooling process, the heating rate can reach 3000K/s, and the cooling rate can reach 1800K/s. The process features that the product has obvious melt covering and obvious inhomogeneity of tissue components and phase components. Secondly, the nickel-based alloy cladding layer prepared by the laser cladding method has pores, is difficult to realize full compactness, and is easy to form small holes on the surface which are difficult to distinguish by naked eyes. The porosity, phase composition and texture composition are key factors affecting the performance of nickel-base alloys. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy cladding layer prepared by using the laser cladding method is different from that of the nickel-based alloy prepared by the traditional method, the related corrosion resistance research is lack of systematic research at present, and a new evaluation process and a new evaluation method are urgently needed. At present, the corrosion resistance evaluation methods for the nickel-based alloy belong to destructive tests, and a certain number of samples are required for detection. Considering that the nickel-based alloy cladding layer prepared by the laser cladding method is generally small in size, the product is mainly customized, the production quantity is generally limited to a plurality of pieces or even single piece, and therefore the time cost and the economic cost for the nickel-based alloy cladding layer prepared by the laser cladding method by directly using the traditional evaluation method are high, and the method is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for effectively detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of a nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer, which can obviously save time and test cost without destroying a cladding layer sample in a large area, and can test the complete corrosion resistance, pitting corrosion resistance, crevice corrosion resistance and atmosphere corrosion resistance of the cladding layer. The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a method for detecting the middle salt corrosion resistance of a laser cladding coating, which is to respectively detect the complete corrosion resistance of sodium chloride, the pitting corrosion resistance of sodium chloride, the crevice corrosion resistance of sodium chloride and the atmospheric corrosion resistance above the sea level of sodium chloride on a sample to be detected.
The specific detection method for detecting the complete corrosion resistance of the sodium chloride is to place the sample in a beaker filled with a sodium chloride solution for standing for 3-5h, connect the sample to a three-electrode electrochemical workstation from beginning to end in the experimental process to measure the corrosion current of the sample in the experimental process to obtain a polarization curve, and judge the complete corrosion resistance of the sample according to the polarization curve, wherein the polarization curve is obtained by the three-electrode electrochemical workstation.
Wherein the working electrode is a nickel-based alloy cladding layer, the auxiliary electrode is a Pb electrode, and the reference electrode is saturated calomel; the electrochemical corrosion Tafel curve of the sample in 3.5% sodium chloride solution is measured by a PS268 type electrochemical measuring instrument. The initial scanning potential is self-corrosion potential-900 mv, the end potential-350 mv, the potential scanning speed is 600mv/min, the relation curve between polarization potential and polarization current or polarization current density is called polarization curve, the electrode potential is horizontal coordinate, and the current passing through the electrode is vertical coordinate. Measuring the cathode and anode polarization curves of the corrosion system can reveal the control factors of the corrosion; the measurement of the extremely weakened zone near the corrosion site allows the corrosion rate to be determined quickly.
Current density of anodic reaction in electrochemical reaction of corrosion system is represented by iaThe rate of the cathodic reaction is expressed as ikIndicates that when the system is stable, i.e. the metal is in a self-corroding state, ia＝ik＝icorr(icorrCorrosion current), the system has no net current accumulation, and the system is at a stable potential
According to faraday's law, that is, during electrolysis, the amount of reduced species deposited on the cathode is proportional to the intensity of the current passed and the duration of energization, so the current density available for the cathodic and anodic reactions represents the corrosion rate of the cathodic and anodic reactions. The corrosion current density of the metal in the self-corrosion state represents the corrosion speed of the metal. Therefore, the determination of the metal corrosion current represents the corrosion rate of the metal. When the metal is in a self-corrosion state, the external current is zero.
The dependence of the polarization potential on the polarization current or the polarization current density is referred to as the polarization curve. The control factor of corrosion and the action mechanism of the corrosion inhibitor can be revealed by measuring the polarization curve of the cathode and the anode of the corrosion system. The corrosion speed can be quickly obtained by measuring the behavior congregation of the weak polarization area near the corrosion point. The general equation for metal corrosion rate under control of activation polarization is:
wherein I is the measured current density, IaThe anodic reaction current density represents the rate of dissolution of the metal anode, ikThe cathodic reaction current density represents the rate of depolariser reduction, betaa、βkRespectively the natural logarithmic tafel slope of metal anode dissolution and the natural logarithmic tafel slope of depolarizer reduction, phi is the measured electrode potential, and phi c is the stabilization potential.
This is the equation for the polarization curve of the corroded metal electrode, let
Δ E is referred to as a polarization value of the corrosion metal electrode, and when Δ E is 0, I is 0; Δ E >0 is anodic polarization, I >0, and the system passes anodic current. When delta E is less than 0, I is less than 0, and the system passes through a cathode current, and the cathode polarization is carried out on a corroded metal electrode. The measured current density is therefore also referred to as the polarization current density;
tafel linear extrapolation method for determining corrosion rate: when the electrode is polarized in the anode, the cathode branch current i is in the strong polarization areak＝0,
Rewrites are in logarithmic form:
when the electrodes are cathodically polarized, Δ E<0, in the strongly polarized region, the anode branch current ia＝0
The change is in logarithmic form:
in the strong polarization area, the polarization value and the external current satisfy a Tafel relation, and if the Tafel area on the polarization curve is extrapolated to the corrosion potential, the obtained intersection point coordinate is the corrosion current. The corrosion resistance of the material can be deduced according to the fact that the corrosion current is in negative correlation with the corrosion resistance of the material.
The specific detection method for detecting the pitting corrosion resistance of the sodium chloride is to take a beaker filled with a sodium chloride solution, bring a sample to be detected into point contact with the sodium chloride solution, keep the sample in the state and stand for 3-5h, connect a three-electrode electrochemical workstation in the experimental process to measure the corrosion current of the sample in the experimental process to obtain a polarization curve, and judge the pitting corrosion resistance of the sample according to the polarization curve.
The specific detection method for detecting the crevice corrosion resistance of the sodium chloride is to mark a tiny crevice on a sample to be detected, place the tiny crevice in a beaker filled with sodium chloride solution and stand for 3-5 hours, connect a three-electrode electrochemical workstation in the experimental process to measure the corrosion current of the sample in the experimental process, obtain a polarization curve, and judge the crevice corrosion resistance of the sample according to the polarization curve.
Further improvement, the specific detection method for detecting the performance of the atmosphere corrosion resistance above the sea level of sodium chloride comprises the steps of placing a sample to be detected on a bracket of a salt spray test workstation, introducing sodium chloride salt spray, keeping for 24-48h, taking out, cleaning, observing the corrosion condition by using an electron microscope, and grading according to the percentage of the corrosion area:
rating calculation formula:
the corrosion rating of the metal coating is based on the percentage of the total area occupied by corrosion defects and has the formula:
Rp＝3×(2-LogA)
in the formula: rp is the number of corrosion evaluation stages, and is rounded to the nearest integer; a is the percentage of the total area occupied by the corrosion of the base metal; the relationship between the area of the corrosion defect and the corrosion rating can be obtained according to the formula, as shown in the following table:
the material with Rp more than or equal to 7 has good corrosion resistance.
In a further improvement, the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 3.5 wt%.
Further improved, the particle size of the sodium chloride salt fog is 0.4-10 μm, and the concentration is 1.0mg/m3-10mg/m3The temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the humidity is 80-95% RH.
In a further improvement, the sampling method of the test to be tested comprises the following steps:
(1): taking a low-carbon steel sample covered with a nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer, equally dividing the low-carbon steel sample into at least two layers from top to bottom, and marking;
(2): equally cutting each layer of sample into at least two fan-shaped structures, and marking;
(3): cleaning, grinding and polishing each fan-shaped structure; and obtaining the sample to be tested.
In a further improvement, in the step 300, the sanding is performed by using 200-mesh, 400-mesh, 800-mesh, 1000-mesh, 1500-mesh and 2000-mesh sandpaper in sequence, and the sanding time is 120 s.
In a further improvement, the polishing paste used in the polishing process of step 300 has a mesh size of 3000.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the detection method provided by the invention does not need to destroy a cladding layer sample in a large area, can obviously save time and test cost, and can effectively test four corrosion resistance performances of medium salt resistance, complete corrosion, pitting corrosion, gap corrosion and atmosphere corrosion resistance of the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-electrode electrochemical workstation used in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-electrode electrochemical workstation physical apparatus used in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a salt spray testing workstation used in the present invention;
the numbering in FIG. 3 means as follows: 1-dry ball, 2-wet ball, 3-metering cylinder, 4-metering cylinder protective door, 5-machine cover, 6-saline replenishing bottle, 7-operation panel, 8-pressure regulating valve, 9-distribution box, 10-pressure barrel manual water adding inlet, 11-laboratory, 12-spray tower, 13-fog quantity regulator and 14-fog quantity collecting cylinder.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for detecting the middle salt corrosion resistance of a laser cladding coating, which is characterized in that a sample to be detected is respectively subjected to sodium chloride complete corrosion resistance detection, sodium chloride pitting corrosion resistance detection, sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance detection and sodium chloride atmosphere corrosion resistance detection above the sea level; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
100, taking a cylindrical low-carbon steel sample covered with a nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer, and preparing the low-carbon steel sample by a laser intelligent manufacturing laboratory of the institute of Chinese academy of sciences, wherein the diameter of the low-carbon steel sample is 360mm, and the height of the low-carbon steel sample is 15mm, so as to obtain the low-carbon steel sample covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer;
step 200, drawing trisection lines (each divided sector is 120 degrees) on the upper surface of the low-carbon steel sample according to angles, and taking three cylinders with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 15mm by taking the middle points of the three trisection lines as circle centers;
step 300, performing steel mark printing treatment on the three cylinders with the diameters of 60mm and the heights of 15mm, which are prepared in the step 200, to prepare A, B, C three groups of large cylindrical samples;
step 400, drawing trisection lines (the angle of each divided sector is 90 degrees) on the upper surfaces of the A, B, C three groups of cylindrical samples prepared in the step 300, taking four cylinders with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 15mm by taking the central point of each trisection line as the center of a circle, and counting 12 small cylindrical samples;
step 500, grouping the 12 small cylindrical samples with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 15mm obtained in the step 400, and performing steel marking treatment, specifically recording as:
group A: a1, a2, A3, a 4;
group B: b1, B2, B3, B4;
group C: c1, C2, C3, C4;
step 600, performing undifferentiated cleaning, grinding and polishing treatment on 12 small cylindrical samples which are marked in the step 500 and have the diameters of 10mm and the heights of 15 mm; wherein the detergent used for cleaning is distilled water; the sand paper used for polishing is 200, 400, 800, 1000, 1500 and 2000 meshes; the sanding time of each piece of sand paper is 120s, the polishing paste used for polishing is W3.5(3000 meshes), and the sources of the sand paper and the polishing paste in all the embodiments of the invention are Beijing Innovation hope grinding consumables GmbH;
step 700, taking a beaker, pouring a prepared sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 3.5 wt% into the beaker, wherein the depth of the sodium chloride solution in the beaker is 200mm, respectively putting cylindrical samples A1, B1 and C1 into the beaker, ensuring that the sodium chloride solution in the beaker completely submerges the cylindrical samples A1, B1 and C1, heating the cylindrical samples to 25 ℃ by using a water bath, preserving the heat for 3 hours, enabling the cylindrical samples A1, B1 and C1 to be always connected with a three-electrode electrochemical workstation in the process, taking out the samples after the test is finished, judging the corrosion conditions of the samples A1, B1 and C1 in the test process according to a polarization curve obtained by the electrochemical workstation, further deducing the corrosion resistance of the samples, and finally taking the average value of three tests as an experimental conclusion to judge the complete corrosion resistance of the sodium chloride of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer;
step 800, clamping cylindrical samples A2, B2 and C2 by using sample clamps, taking a beaker, pouring a sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 3.5 wt% into the beaker until the height of the solution in the beaker is 500mm, fixing the clamps clamping the cylindrical samples A2, B2 and C2 on a support table, enabling the sample to be in point contact with the sodium chloride solution in the beaker, heating the sample in a water bath to enable the temperature of the sodium chloride solution in the beaker to reach 25 ℃, preserving the heat for 3 hours, ensuring that the sample keeps in point contact with the sodium chloride solution in the beaker during the heat preservation period, switching in a three-electrode electrochemical workstation during the experiment process to measure the corrosion current in the experiment process of the sample, taking out the sample after the experiment is finished, obtaining polarization curves of the A2, B2 and C2 samples in the experiment process by the three-electrode electrochemical workstation, judging the resistance of the sample to the point corrosion of the sodium chloride according to the polarization curves, and finally taking the average value of the three, judging the sodium chloride pitting corrosion resistance of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer;
step 900, taking cylindrical samples A3, B3 and C3, cutting three linear scratches with the length of 5mm, the width of 1mm and the depth of about 0.5mm on the surface of the cylindrical samples by a knife, uniformly distributing scratches on the surface of a cylindrical sample without overlapping, taking a beaker, pouring a sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 3.5 wt% into the beaker, placing cylindrical samples A3, B3 and C3 into the beaker, ensuring that the sodium chloride solution in the beaker can completely submerge the sample, heating the sodium chloride solution in the beaker to 25 ℃ by using water bath heating, preserving the temperature for 3 hours, switching in a three-electrode electrochemical workstation in the experimental process to measure the corrosion current in the experimental process of the sample, and obtaining polarization curves in three experimental processes, judging the sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance of the sample according to the polarization curve, finally taking the average value of three experiments as an experiment conclusion, the sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer is judged according to the determination result;
as shown in fig. 1, which shows a schematic diagram of the principle of a three-electrode electrochemical workstation employed in the present invention, the three-electrode system includes two loops, one loop is composed of a working electrode and a reference electrode and is used for testing the electrochemical reaction process of the working electrode, and the other loop is composed of the working electrode and an auxiliary electrode and plays a role of transmitting electrons to form a loop;
as shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a three-electrode electrochemical workstation physical device adopted by the invention is shown, a working electrode is a nickel-based alloy cladding layer, an auxiliary electrode is a Pb electrode, a reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, and the working electrode and the reference electrode are respectively fixed in a beaker by using electrode clamps, and 3.5 wt% of sodium chloride solution is contained in the beaker, so that the working electrode and the reference electrode can completely submerge;
step 1000, placing cylindrical samples A4, B4 and C4 on a bracket of a salt spray test workstation, introducing sodium chloride salt spray with salt spray parameters of 0.4 mu m in particle size, 1.0mg/m3 in concentration, 25 ℃ in temperature and 80% RRH in humidity, taking out the samples after 24 hours, cleaning the samples with distilled water, observing the corrosion morphology of the samples through an electron microscope to judge the corrosion resistance of the samples in a sodium chloride atmosphere, and finally taking the average value of three experiments as an experiment conclusion to judge the corrosion resistance of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer in the sodium chloride atmosphere;
as shown in fig. 3, a schematic diagram of the salt spray test workstation used in the present invention is shown, the salt spray test works by compressing the corrosive solution into an air spray and then wrapping the spray as much as possible around the sample's various surfaces, and the test can be continued or cycled until the expected corrosion of the sample occurs. The time to corrosion was then recorded to indicate the corrosion resistance of the sample. In addition, the salt spray testing machine can independently regulate and control the sedimentation amount and the spraying amount of the salt spray, so that the constant test temperature is ensured, the operation is convenient and fast, and the test environment is stable.
The test results are shown in table 1:
table 1 results of the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating measured by the measuring method of example 1.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for detecting the middle salt corrosion resistance of a laser cladding coating, which is characterized in that a sample to be detected is respectively subjected to sodium chloride complete corrosion resistance detection, sodium chloride pitting corrosion resistance detection, sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance detection and sodium chloride atmosphere corrosion resistance detection above the sea level; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
100, taking a cylindrical low-carbon steel sample covered with a nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer, and preparing the low-carbon steel sample by a laser intelligent manufacturing laboratory of the institute of Chinese academy of sciences, wherein the diameter of the low-carbon steel sample is 360mm, and the height of the low-carbon steel sample is 15mm, so as to obtain the low-carbon steel sample covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer;
step 200, drawing trisection lines (each divided sector is 120 degrees) on the upper surface of the low-carbon steel sample according to angles, and taking three cylinders with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 15mm by taking the middle points of the three trisection lines as circle centers;
step 300, performing steel mark printing treatment on the three cylinders with the diameters of 60mm and the heights of 15mm, which are prepared in the step 200, to prepare A, B, C three groups of large cylindrical samples;
step 400, drawing trisection lines (the angle of each divided sector is 90 degrees) on the upper surfaces of the A, B, C three groups of cylindrical samples prepared in the step 300, taking four cylinders with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 15mm by taking the central point of each trisection line as the center of a circle, and counting 12 small cylindrical samples;
step 500, grouping the 12 cylindrical samples with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 15mm obtained in the step 400, and performing steel mark printing treatment, specifically recording as:
group A: a1, a2, A3, a 4;
group B: b1, B2, B3, B4;
group C: c1, C2, C3, C4;
step 600, performing undifferentiated cleaning, grinding and polishing treatment on 12 small cylindrical samples which are marked in the step 500 and have the diameters of 10mm and the heights of 15 mm; wherein the detergent used for cleaning is distilled water; the sand paper used for polishing is 200, 400, 800, 1000, 1500 and 2000 meshes; the sanding time of each piece of sand paper is 120s, and the polishing paste used for polishing is W3.5(3000 meshes);
step 700, taking a beaker, pouring a prepared sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 3.5 wt% into the beaker, wherein the depth of the sodium chloride solution in the beaker is 250mm, respectively putting cylindrical samples A1, B1 and C1 into the beaker, ensuring that the sodium chloride solution in the beaker completely submerges the cylindrical samples A1, B1 and C1, heating the cylindrical samples to 30 ℃ by using a water bath, preserving the heat for 4 hours, enabling the cylindrical samples A1, B1 and C1 to be always connected with a three-electrode electrochemical workstation in the process, taking out the samples after the test is finished, judging the corrosion conditions of the samples A1, B1 and C1 in the test process according to a polarization curve obtained by the electrochemical workstation, further deducing the corrosion resistance of the samples, and finally taking the average value of three tests as an experimental conclusion to judge the complete corrosion resistance of the sodium chloride of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer;
step 800, clamping cylindrical samples A2, B2 and C2 by using sample clamps, taking a beaker, pouring a sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 3.5 wt% into the beaker until the height of the solution in the beaker is 500mm, fixing the clamps clamping the cylindrical samples A2, B2 and C2 on a support table, enabling the sample to be in point contact with the sodium chloride solution in the beaker, heating the sample in a water bath to enable the temperature of the sodium chloride solution in the beaker to reach 28 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 hours, ensuring that the sample keeps in point contact with the sodium chloride solution in the beaker during the heat preservation period, switching in a three-electrode electrochemical workstation during the experiment process to measure the corrosion current in the experiment process of the sample, taking out the sample after the experiment is finished, obtaining polarization curves of the A2, B2 and C2 samples in the experiment process by the three-electrode electrochemical workstation, judging the resistance of the sample to the point corrosion of the sodium chloride according to the polarization curves, and finally taking the average value of the three, judging the sodium chloride pitting corrosion resistance of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer;
step 900, taking cylindrical samples A3, B3 and C3, cutting three linear scratches with the length of 5mm, the width of 1mm and the depth of about 0.5mm on the surface of the cylindrical samples by a knife, uniformly distributing scratches on the surface of a cylindrical sample without overlapping, taking a beaker, pouring a sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 3.5 wt% into the beaker, placing cylindrical samples A3, B3 and C3 into the beaker, ensuring that the sodium chloride solution in the beaker can completely submerge the sample, heating the sodium chloride solution in the beaker to 28 ℃ by using water bath heating, preserving the temperature for 4 hours, switching in a three-electrode electrochemical workstation in the experimental process to measure the corrosion current in the experimental process of the sample, and obtaining polarization curves in three experimental processes, judging the sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance of the sample according to the polarization curve, finally taking the average value of three experiments as an experiment conclusion, the sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer is judged according to the determination result;
step 1000, placing cylindrical samples A4, B4 and C4 on a bracket of a salt spray test workstation, and introducing salt spray parameters of 5 mu m particle size and 5mg/m concentration3Taking out a sample after 36 hours, cleaning the sample with distilled water, observing the corrosion morphology of the sample through an electron microscope to judge the corrosion resistance of the sample in the sodium chloride atmosphere, and finally taking the average value of three experiments as an experiment conclusion to judge the corrosion resistance of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer in the sodium chloride atmosphere;
the test results are shown in table 2:
table 2 results of the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating measured by the measuring method of example 2.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for detecting the middle salt corrosion resistance of a laser cladding coating, which is characterized in that a sample to be detected is respectively subjected to sodium chloride complete corrosion resistance detection, sodium chloride pitting corrosion resistance detection, sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance detection and sodium chloride atmosphere corrosion resistance detection above the sea level; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
100, taking a cylindrical low-carbon steel sample covered with a nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer, and preparing the low-carbon steel sample by a laser intelligent manufacturing laboratory of the institute of Chinese academy of sciences, wherein the diameter of the low-carbon steel sample is 360mm, and the height of the low-carbon steel sample is 15mm, so as to obtain the low-carbon steel sample covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer;
step 200, drawing trisection lines (each divided sector is 120 degrees) on the upper surface of the low-carbon steel sample according to angles, and taking three cylinders with the diameter of 60mm and the height of 15mm by taking the middle points of the three trisection lines as circle centers;
step 300, performing steel mark printing treatment on the three cylinders with the diameters of 60mm and the heights of 15mm, which are prepared in the step 200, to prepare A, B, C three groups of large cylindrical samples;
step 400, drawing trisection lines (the angle of each divided sector is 90 degrees) on the A, B, C three groups of cylindrical samples prepared in the step 300 respectively, and taking four cylinders with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 15mm by taking the central point of each trisection line as the center of a circle to obtain 12 small cylindrical samples in total;
step 500, grouping the 12 cylindrical samples with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 15mm obtained in the step 400, and performing steel mark printing treatment, specifically recording as:
group A: a1, a2, A3, a 4;
group B: b1, B2, B3, B4;
group C: c1, C2, C3, C4;
step 600, performing indiscriminate cleaning, grinding and polishing treatment on 12 cylindrical samples with the diameter of 10mm and the height of 15mm marked in the step 500; wherein the detergent used for cleaning is distilled water; the sand paper used for polishing is 200, 400, 800, 1000, 1500 and 2000 meshes; the sanding time of each piece of sand paper is 120s, and the polishing paste used for polishing is W3.5(3000 meshes);
step 700, taking a beaker, pouring a prepared sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 3.5 wt% into the beaker, wherein the depth of the sodium chloride solution in the beaker is 300mm, respectively putting cylindrical samples A1, B1 and C1 into the beaker, ensuring that the sodium chloride solution in the beaker completely submerges the cylindrical samples A1, B1 and C1, heating the cylindrical samples to 35 ℃ by using a water bath, preserving the heat for 5 hours, enabling the cylindrical samples A1, B1 and C1 to be always connected with a three-electrode electrochemical workstation in the process, taking out the samples after the test is finished, judging the corrosion conditions of the samples A1, B1 and C1 in the test process according to a polarization curve obtained by the electrochemical workstation, further deducing the corrosion resistance of the samples, and finally taking the average value of three tests as an experimental conclusion to judge the complete corrosion resistance of the sodium chloride of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer;
step 800, clamping cylindrical samples A2, B2 and C2 by using sample clamps, taking a beaker, pouring a sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 3.5 wt% into the beaker until the height of the solution in the beaker is 500mm, fixing the clamps clamping the cylindrical samples A2, B2 and C2 on a support table, enabling the sample to be in point contact with the sodium chloride solution in the beaker, heating the sample in a water bath to enable the temperature of the sodium chloride solution in the beaker to reach 30 ℃, preserving the heat for 5 hours, ensuring that the sample keeps in point contact with the sodium chloride solution in the beaker during the heat preservation period, switching in a three-electrode electrochemical workstation during the experiment process to measure the corrosion current in the experiment process of the sample, taking out the sample after the experiment is finished, obtaining polarization curves of the A2, B2 and C2 samples in the experiment process by the three-electrode electrochemical workstation, judging the resistance of the sample to the point corrosion of the sodium chloride according to the polarization curves, and finally taking the average value of the three, judging the sodium chloride pitting corrosion resistance of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer;
step 900, taking cylindrical samples A3, B3 and C3, cutting three linear scratches with the length of 5mm, the width of 1mm and the depth of about 0.5mm on the surface of the cylindrical samples by a knife, uniformly distributing scratches on the surface of a cylindrical sample without overlapping, taking a beaker, pouring a sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 3.5 wt% into the beaker, placing cylindrical samples A3, B3 and C3 into the beaker, ensuring that the sodium chloride solution in the beaker can completely sink the sample, heating the sodium chloride solution in the beaker to 30 ℃ by using water bath heating, preserving the temperature for 5 hours, switching in a three-electrode electrochemical workstation in the experimental process to measure the corrosion current in the experimental process of the sample, and obtaining polarization curves in three experimental processes, judging the sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance of the sample according to the polarization curve, finally taking the average value of three experiments as an experiment conclusion, the sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer is judged according to the determination result;
step 1000, placing cylindrical samples A4, B4 and C4 on a bracket of a salt spray test workstation, introducing sodium chloride salt spray with salt spray parameters of 10 mu m in particle size, 10mg/m3 in concentration, 35 ℃ in temperature and 95% RH in humidity, taking out the samples after 48 hours, cleaning the samples with distilled water, observing the corrosion morphology of the samples through an electron microscope to judge the corrosion resistance of the samples in a sodium chloride atmosphere, and finally taking the average value of three experiments as an experiment conclusion to judge the corrosion resistance of the low-carbon steel covered with the nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer in the sodium chloride atmosphere;
the test results are shown in table 3:
table 3 results of the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating measured by the measuring method of example 3.
From the examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that, by carrying out different treatments on the test, the corrosion degrees of the test samples have larger differences, and by respectively carrying out the performance detection of complete corrosion resistance of sodium chloride, the performance detection of pitting corrosion resistance of sodium chloride, the performance detection of crevice corrosion resistance of sodium chloride and the performance detection of atmospheric corrosion resistance above the sea level of sodium chloride on the test samples, the method does not need to destroy the cladding layer sample in a large area, can obviously save time and test cost, and can test the corrosion resistance of the test samples more accurately.
The connection relationship between the devices in the drawings of the present invention is for clearly explaining the need of information interaction and control process, and therefore should be regarded as a logical connection relationship, and should not be limited to physical connection only; the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, and any other products in various forms can be obtained by anyone in the light of the present invention, but any changes in the shape or structure thereof, which have the same or similar technical solutions as those of the present application, fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating is characterized in that a test sample to be detected is subjected to sodium chloride complete corrosion resistance detection, sodium chloride pitting corrosion resistance detection, sodium chloride crevice corrosion resistance detection and sodium chloride atmosphere corrosion resistance detection above the sea level.
2. The method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific detection method for detecting the complete corrosion resistance of the sodium chloride is to place the sample in a beaker filled with a sodium chloride solution and stand for 3-5h, and a three-electrode electrochemical workstation is connected in the experimental process to measure the corrosion current of the sample in the experimental process to obtain a polarization curve, and the complete corrosion resistance of the sample is judged according to the polarization curve.
3. The method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific detection method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating is to take a beaker filled with a sodium chloride solution, bring a sample to be detected into point contact with the sodium chloride solution, keep the state and stand for 3-5h, switch in a three-electrode electrochemical workstation during an experiment process to measure the corrosion current of the sample during the experiment process, obtain a polarization curve, and judge the pitting corrosion resistance of the sample according to the polarization curve.
4. The method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific detection method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating is to scratch a sample to be detected into a tiny gap, place the tiny gap into a beaker filled with a sodium chloride solution and stand for 3-5h, connect a three-electrode electrochemical workstation in an experimental process to measure the corrosion current of the sample in the experimental process to obtain a polarization curve, and judge the medium salt corrosion resistance of the sample according to the polarization curve.
5. The method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating of claim 1, wherein the specific detection method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating is to place a sample to be detected on a bracket of a salt spray test workstation, introduce sodium chloride salt spray, keep for 24-48h, take out and clean the sample, and observe the corrosion condition by an electron microscope to judge the medium salt corrosion resistance of the sample; the rating calculation formula is as follows:
Rp＝3×(2-LogA)
in the formula: rp is the number of corrosion evaluation stages, and is rounded to the nearest integer; a is the percentage of the total area occupied by the corrosion of the base metal.
6. The method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating of claims 2-4, wherein the concentration of the sodium chloride solution is 3.5 wt%.
7. The method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating of claim 5, wherein the particle size of the sodium chloride salt mist is 0.4-10 μm, and the concentration is 1.0mg/m3-10mg/m3The temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the humidity is 80-95% RH.
8. The method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sampling method of the test to be tested comprises the following steps:
(1): taking a cylindrical low-carbon steel sample covered with a nickel-based alloy laser cladding layer, axially cutting the low-carbon steel sample into at least two large cylindrical samples with completely equal surface areas and heights, and marking the samples;
(2): drawing quartering lines on the upper surface of each cylindrical sample, taking the central point of each quartering line as the center of a circle, downwards cutting the quartering lines into 4 small cylindrical samples with completely equal surface areas and heights, and marking;
(3): cleaning, grinding and polishing the small cylindrical sample prepared in the step (2); and obtaining the sample to be tested.
9. The method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step 300, the sanding is performed by 200-mesh, 400-mesh, 800-mesh, 1000-mesh, 1500-mesh, 2000-mesh sandpaper in sequence, and the sanding time is 120 s.
10. The method for detecting the medium salt corrosion resistance of the laser cladding coating as claimed in claim 2, wherein the mesh number of the polishing paste used for the polishing treatment in step 300 is 3000 meshes.
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