CN112033760B - Integral sampling device and method - Google Patents
Integral sampling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112033760B CN112033760B CN202010944303.4A CN202010944303A CN112033760B CN 112033760 B CN112033760 B CN 112033760B CN 202010944303 A CN202010944303 A CN 202010944303A CN 112033760 B CN112033760 B CN 112033760B
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 283
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
- G01N1/2035—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials by deviating part of a fluid stream, e.g. by drawing-off or tapping
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
- G01N1/20—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials
- G01N1/2035—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state for flowing or falling materials by deviating part of a fluid stream, e.g. by drawing-off or tapping
- G01N2001/2071—Removable sample bottle
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an integral sampling device and a method, which relate to the technical fields of non-point source pollution, soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration, wherein the converging device is provided with a converging port, the bottom is provided with a diversion port, a separation plate is arranged in the middle of a tipping bucket box, the tipping bucket box is divided into two water storage tanks, the two water storage tanks are provided with water outlets, the lowest position of the water outlets is not higher than the inner bottom surface of a bottom plate of the water storage tank, the end parts of the water storage tanks are provided with split ports, the lower ends of the split ports are connected with split pipes, the rotary collecting device comprises a rotary disc and a sampling bottle, the rotation angle of the tipping bucket box is limited by a limiting piece, before the split pipes are inserted into the sampling bottle, water in the water storage tanks cannot pass through the split ports, and when the sampling bottle finishes the collection of required water samples, the rotary disc rotates to enable the water samples taken by the split ports to be sequentially collected into the sampling bottle. The invention also discloses a sampling method based on the integral sampling device, and the integral sampling device and the method provided by the invention can divide runoff/leaching water which is continuously collected in the whole process in a period of time into water samples with any same size.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical fields of non-point source pollution, water and soil conservation and vegetation restoration, in particular to a runoff/leaching integral sampling method and device.
Background
The method has the advantages that the agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and treatment is well done, the environmental safety of agricultural products is ensured, the practical requirements of grain safety and agricultural product quality safety in China are realized, and the inherent requirements of promoting the sustainable utilization of agricultural resources, improving the agricultural ecological environment and realizing the sustainable development of agriculture are met. The monitoring of nitrogen, phosphorus and other indexes affecting eutrophication or pollution of water in the water body with farmland runoff/leaching loss is an important technical link for monitoring agricultural non-point source pollution. Meanwhile, the monitoring of runoff/leaching water is also an important technical means in the technical fields of non-point source pollution, water and soil conservation and vegetation ecological restoration.
The non-point source pollution and the water and soil conservation have important significance for the stabilization of an ecological system, mineral substances and trace elements in soil can be dissolved in runoff/leaching water, the runoff/leaching water which is continuously collected in the whole course in a period of time is divided into water samples with any same size like a calculus for detection, the dynamic distribution curves of mineral substances and trace elements in the local runoff/leaching can be accurately obtained, theoretical basis is provided for improving the local ecological system, and integral sampling of the runoff/leaching water is particularly necessary for maintaining the stabilization of the ecological system in the area.
The current sampling device can only sample by manual squatting, and can not ensure that the water sample quantity collected each time is equal to the collection time interval of two adjacent water samples, and the collected water samples are detected, so that the dynamic distribution curve of mineral substances and microelements in local runoff/leaching water can not be accurately obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides an integral sampling device and an integral sampling method, which can collect runoff/leaching water in a period of time continuously in the whole process and divide the runoff/leaching water into water samples with any same size.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
The invention provides an integral sampling device which comprises a converging device, a supporting frame, a tipping bucket box and a rotary collecting device, wherein the top of the converging device is provided with a converging port, the bottom of the converging device is provided with a diversion port, the top of the tipping bucket box is provided with an opening, a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the tipping bucket box, the diversion port is positioned right above the partition plate, the partition plate divides the tipping bucket box into two water storage tanks, the two water storage tanks are respectively provided with a water outlet at the end part far away from the partition plate, the bottom plate of the water storage tank is a flat plate, the lowest part of the water outlet is not higher than the inner bottom surface of the bottom plate of the water storage tank, at least one water storage tank is provided with a split-flow port at the center line of the end part far away from the partition plate, the lower end of the split-flow port is connected with a split-flow pipe, the middle position of the bottom of the tipping bucket box is rotationally connected with the supporting frame, the rotary collecting device comprises a rotary table and a plurality of sampling bottles, the sampling bottles are fixedly arranged on the rotary table, the tipping bucket box is rotationally provided with the same rotation angle each time under the limiting effect of a limiting piece, the limit piece, the split-flow pipe is rotationally inserted into the bottom of the partition plate along with the water storage tank, the water storage tank is not inserted into the water storage tank, and the split-flow tank is sequentially rotated into the rotary bottle to the water sampling bottle to be required to be sampled by the split-flow bottle.
Preferably, a rotating shaft is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the bottom of the tipping bucket box, and the rotating shaft is horizontally and rotatably connected to the supporting frame.
Preferably, the support frame is fixedly arranged on the support plate, the support plate is connected with a plurality of support columns, the support columns are used for adjusting the support plate level, a horizontal bead is arranged on the support plate, and the horizontal bead is used for detecting the support plate level.
Preferably, the support column is a screw, the support plate is provided with a plurality of nuts, each nut is fixedly connected with the support plate, and each screw is in threaded connection with one nut.
Preferably, a split-flow collecting port is arranged on the supporting plate, and an annular blocking piece is arranged on the upper portion of the split-flow collecting port in a surrounding mode.
Preferably, the bottom of the sampling bottle is fastened and fixed on the bottle mop, the bottle mop is fixedly connected to the rotary table, the rotary table is rotatably arranged inside the shunting liquid collecting container around the vertical axis, a water inlet is formed in the shunting liquid collecting container, and the shunt pipe can penetrate through the water inlet and be inserted into the sampling bottle.
Preferably, the split-flow liquid collecting container is located below the supporting plate, and the water inlet is located right below the split-flow collecting opening.
Preferably, the annular baffle member is provided with a photoelectric sensor on the inner wall thereof, the photoelectric sensor is used for monitoring the times of inserting the shunt tube into the shunt collecting opening, the bottom of the rotary table is provided with a driving device, the driving device can drive the rotary table to rotate at any angle, and the bottom surface of the supporting plate is provided with a controller which is in communication connection with the driving device and the photoelectric sensor.
Preferably, each water storage tank is provided with one split-flow port, each split-flow port is fixedly connected with one split-flow pipe, two split-flow collecting ports are formed in the supporting plate, two water inlets are formed in the split-flow collecting barrel, and the two split-flow ports, the two split-flow collecting ports, the two water inlets and the two split-flow pipes are respectively symmetrical with respect to the rotating shaft.
The invention provides an integral sampling method, which comprises the following steps: comprises the following steps
S1, placing the integral sampling device below a section of a terrain through which runoff/leaching water flows, so that the runoff/leaching water flows into the converging device;
s2, adjusting the supporting frame to enable the tipping bucket box to be horizontal in the direction of the rotating shaft, and enabling the initial state of the tipping bucket box to form an included angle with the horizontal plane;
s3, placing the rotary sampling device below the supporting frame, adjusting the rotary sampling device, and limiting the rotation of the tipping box by using the limiting piece so that the clockwise rotation angles of the tipping box are the same;
S4, collecting water storage tanks at higher positions in the two water storage tanks of the tipping bucket box, enabling runoff/leaching water to enter the converging device from an opening at the top of the converging device and flow into the collecting water storage tanks through the flow guide openings, pouring the tipping bucket box towards the direction of the collecting water storage tanks when the runoff/leaching water in the collecting water storage tanks reaches rated values, and enabling the diversion openings to proportionally divide the runoff/leaching water in the water storage tanks into the sampling bottles, wherein the water quantity of the runoff/leaching water flowing into the sampling bottles through the diversion pipes each time is the same and is fixed as unit water quantity;
s5, recording the water quantity of a runoff/leaching water sample required by an experiment as a standard water quantity, calculating the rotation times of the tipping bucket box when the standard water quantity is collected in the sampling bottle which is sampled currently according to the unit water quantity and the standard water quantity, and recording the rotation times as the standard times, and when the rotation times of the tipping bucket box reach the standard times, rotating the rotary table to enable the water sample separated by the shunt port to be collected in the next adjacent sampling bottle;
S6, repeating the step S5 until all the sampling bottles finish the collection of the runoff/leaching water or the collection time is up to a preset collection time, and finishing the sampling of the runoff/leaching water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
The integral sampling device comprises a converging device, a supporting frame, a tipping bucket box and a rotary collecting device, wherein a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the tipping bucket box and is divided into two identical water storage tanks, so that the water storage capacity of each water storage tank is identical and is a rated value; the water storage tanks are provided with water outlets at the end parts far away from the partition plates, at least one water storage tank is provided with a diversion opening at the center line of the end part far away from the partition plates, the flow converging device enables collected runoff/leaching water to flow into any water storage tank from the diversion opening, the middle position of the bottom of the tipping bucket box is rotationally connected with the support frame, when water in the water storage tank reaches a rated value, the tipping bucket box rotates towards the direction of the water storage tank, the gravity of water in the water storage tank is a fixed value, the acting force and the direction of the tipping bucket box are the same, the rotation speed of the tipping bucket box is the same every time, the limiting piece can limit the rotation angle of the tipping bucket box every time to be the same, the bottom plate of the water storage tank is a flat plate, the lowest position of the water outlet is not higher than the inner bottom surface of the bottom plate of the water storage tank, the diversion opening can be used for taking water in the water storage tank in proportion every time and the water quantity is the same; the lower end of the shunt opening is connected with the shunt tube, the shunt tube can be inserted into the sampling bottle along with the rotation of the tipping box, before the shunt tube is inserted into the sampling bottle, water in the water storage tank cannot pass through the shunt opening, the water quantity flowing into the sampling bottle from the shunt tube each time is guaranteed to be the same, and the water quantity is recorded as unit water quantity; the water quantity of one sample is recorded as standard water quantity, the number of times that the tipping bucket box needs to rotate can be calculated according to the unit water quantity and the standard water quantity, the number of times is recorded as rated times, when the tipping bucket box rotates to reach the rated times, the rotary table rotates, water samples separated by the separating port can be sequentially collected into the sampling bottle, and the effects of continuously collecting runoff/leaching water in the whole process within a period of time and simultaneously dividing the runoff/leaching water into water samples with any same size are achieved.
Further, the tipping box is fixed on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is horizontally connected to the supporting frame, so that the tipping box is kept horizontal along the rotating shaft direction.
Further, through adjusting the support column and detecting through the horizontal bead for the support frame level, and then make the pivot keep the level.
Further, the nut and screw structure is adopted to adjust the level of the supporting plate, the structure is simple, and the operation is convenient.
Further, an annular blocking piece is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the diversion collecting port in a surrounding manner, so that water on the supporting plate is prevented from flowing into the sampling bottle from the diversion collecting port, and accurate data is ensured; meanwhile, the annular blocking piece can be used as a limiting piece and can limit the rotation angle of the tipping bucket box.
Further, the bottle is dragged and is fixed on the carousel, and sampling bottle bottom buckle is connected and is dragged on the bottle, takes and settle sampling bottle more simple and convenient swiftly, is equipped with the water inlet on the reposition of redundant personnel liquid collecting vessel, makes the shunt tubes penetrate reposition of redundant personnel collecting vessel and inserts the sampling bottle, and the carousel rotates to settle inside reposition of redundant personnel liquid collecting vessel, can make all sampling bottles on the carousel gather the water sample through the rotation.
Further, the shunt liquid collecting container is located below the supporting plate, the water inlet is located right below the shunt collecting opening, and the shunt pipe can be accurately inserted into the sampling bottle.
Further, the controller sets for tipping bucket box rotation number of times, and photoelectric sensor that sets up on the annular fender piece inner wall is used for monitoring the number of times that the shunt tubes inserted the reposition of redundant personnel and collects the mouth, when reaching the controller and presuming the number of times, the rotation of controller control motor drive carousel to can make the water sample that the shunt ports divide to collect in proper order in the sampling bottle.
Further, the two water storage tanks are provided with the split-flow ports, the split-flow ports are fixedly connected with the split-flow pipes, so that the skip box can be rotated anticlockwise to split the runoff/leaching water, the split-flow pipes on the two sides penetrate through the split-flow collecting ports and then penetrate through the water inlet to be inserted into the sampling bottle, the split-flow/leaching water is collected into the sampling bottle, the metering accuracy is guaranteed, and the working efficiency of the integral sampling device is improved.
Further, the tipping bucket box is of a symmetrical structure, and the water storage capacity of the corresponding water storage tank when the tipping bucket box is tipped is measured according to a pre-experiment, and is set to be a rated value.
Furthermore, if one scheme of shunt ports is adopted for collecting, experiments are carried out on water samples in all sampling bottles according to the time sequence of collecting the water samples, if two schemes of shunt ports are adopted, the water samples in the two sampling bottles which are centrosymmetric relative to the turntable are mixed, and sampling of runoff/leaching water can be completed by adopting one or two shunt ports, so that the integral sampling device is suitable for more sampling schemes.
Further, the split-flow liquid collecting container is a split-flow liquid collecting barrel.
Furthermore, the shunt opening at the bottom of the tipping bucket box is a round hole, so that the round hole is simpler to manufacture.
Furthermore, the collection funnel is used for collecting runoff/leaching water, and the structure is simple and convenient to detach.
According to the integral sampling method provided by the invention, the integral sampling device is arranged below the section of the runoff/leaching water flowing through the terrain, so that the runoff/leaching water can be conveniently collected by the converging device; the support frame is adjusted to enable the tipping bucket box to be horizontal in the direction of the rotating shaft, and the initial state of the tipping bucket box and the horizontal surface form an included angle; the rotary sampling device is placed below the supporting frame and used for collecting water samples split by the split-flow port, the rotary sampling device is adjusted, and the rotation angle of each tipping bucket box is limited by the limiting piece; pouring the runoff/leaching water in the water collecting and storing tank to one side of the water collecting and storing tank when the runoff/leaching water in the water collecting and storing tank reaches a rated value, and collecting the runoff/leaching water with unit water quantity separated by the diversion port into a sampling bottle; when the rotation times of the tipping bucket box reach the standard times, the turntable rotates, so that the water samples separated by the separating port can be sequentially collected into the sampling bottle; the runoff/leaching water in the water storage tank is enabled to reach a rated value continuously, so that water samples with standard water quantity are collected in all sampling bottles, and the runoff/leaching water is sampled; and respectively carrying out experiments on the collected water samples to accurately obtain dynamic distribution curves of mineral substances and microelements in the local runoff/leaching water, thereby realizing the effect of continuously collecting the runoff/leaching water in the whole process within a period of time and simultaneously dividing the runoff/leaching water into water samples with any same size.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an integral sampling device according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure between a skip box and a support frame of the integral sampling device provided by the invention;
In the figure: 1-tipping box, 2-support frame, 3-confluence device, 4-division plate, 5-split port, 6-split pipe, 7-split port, 8-split port, 9-water storage tank bottom plate, 10-rotating shaft, 11-annular baffle, 12-water inlet, 13-support column, 14-split liquid collecting container, 15-support plate, 16-split collecting port, 17-water storage tank, 18-water outlet, 19-horizontal bead, 20-bottle mop, 21-sampling bottle and 22-turntable.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention aims to provide an integral sampling device which solves the problems in the prior art and can divide runoff/leaching water which is continuously collected in a whole course in a period of time into water samples with the same size.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1-2, the top of a converging device 3 is provided with a converging port 8, the bottom of the converging device is provided with a flow guide port 7, the top of a tipping bucket box 1 is opened, a partition plate 4 is arranged in the middle of the tipping bucket box 1, the flow guide port 7 is positioned right above the partition plate 4, the partition plate 4 divides the tipping bucket box 1 into two water storage tanks 17, water outlets 18 are respectively arranged at the end parts of the two water storage tanks 17 far from the partition plate 4, the bottom plate 9 of the water storage tanks 17 is a flat plate, the lowest part of the water outlets 18 is not higher than the inner bottom surface of the bottom plate 9 of the water storage tanks 17, at least one water storage tank 17 is provided with a split-flow port 5 at the middle line of the end part far from the partition plate 4, the lower end of the split-flow port 5 is connected with a split-flow pipe 6, the middle position of the bottom of the tipping bucket box 1 is rotationally connected with a support frame 2, the rotary collecting device comprises a rotary table 22 and a plurality of sampling bottles 21, the sampling bottles 21 are fixedly arranged on the rotary table 22, a limiting piece limits the rotation angle of the tipping bucket box 1, the split-flow pipe 6 is rotationally inserted into the sampling bottles 21 along with the rotation of the partition plate 1, the rotation of the tipping bucket 1, the sampling bottles 21 are inserted into the water bottles 6, before the split-flow pipe 6 is inserted into the sampling bottles 21, the water sample bottles 5 are sequentially required to be sampled and can be sequentially separated into the split-flow ports 21 at the water sample ports 21.
The integral sampling device provided by the invention, the collecting device 3 is used for collecting runoff/leaching water, the runoff/leaching water flows into the water storage tank 17 through the water guide opening 7, the tipping bucket box 1, the support frame 2, the shunt pipe 6 and the annular baffle member 11 are symmetrical about the rotating shaft 10, the shunt pipe 6 is inserted into the shunt collecting opening 16 by rotating the tipping bucket box 1, the runoff/leaching water in the water storage tank 17 flows out from the water outlet 18, the limiting member limits the rotating angle of the tipping bucket box 1, the clockwise rotating angle of the tipping bucket box 1 is the same and fixed, the shape and the structure of the two water storage tanks 17 of the tipping bucket box 1 are the same, and when the runoff/leaching water in the water storage tank 17 reaches the rated value, the tipping bucket box 1 is tipped towards the direction of the water storage tank 17, the gravity of the radial flow/leaching water in the water storage tank 17 is a fixed value, so that the force and the direction of the force acting on the tipping bucket box 1 are the same and fixed, the clockwise rotation speed of the tipping bucket box 1 is the same and fixed, when the tipping bucket box 1 is dumped, the radial flow/leaching water in the water storage tank 17 is divided into the flow dividing ports 5 in proportion, the water in the water storage tank 17 cannot pass through the flow dividing ports 5 before the flow dividing pipe 6 is inserted into the sampling bottle 21, and the rotation angle and the rotation speed of the tipping bucket box 1 are fixed, and the water storage capacity of the water storage tank 17 is a rated value, so that the water quantity flowing into the sampling bottle 21 from the flow dividing pipe 6 is the same when the tipping bucket box 1 rotates each time, and the water quantity flowing into the sampling bottle 21 from the flow dividing port 5 once is dumped through the flow dividing pipe 1 is measured through a pre-experiment and recorded as a unit water quantity; the water quantity of one sample is recorded as standard water quantity, the number of times of rotation of the skip box 1 when one sampling bottle 21 collects the standard water quantity can be calculated according to the unit water quantity and the standard water quantity, and the rotation of the turntable 22 can enable the water samples separated by the separating mouth 5 to be sequentially collected into the sampling bottle 21 when the number of times of rotation of the skip box 1 reaches the standard number of times; and respectively carrying out experiments on the collected water samples to accurately obtain dynamic distribution curves of mineral substances and microelements in the local runoff/leaching water, so that the runoff/leaching water in a period of time is continuously collected in the whole process and is simultaneously divided into water samples with any same size.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a rotating shaft 10 is fixedly disposed at a middle position of the bottom of the skip box 1, and the rotating shaft 10 is horizontally rotatably connected to the supporting frame 2. The tipping bucket box 1 is fixed on a rotating shaft 10, and the rotating shaft 10 is horizontally connected to the supporting frame 2, so that the tipping bucket box 1 is kept horizontal along the direction of the rotating shaft 10.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the support stand 2 is leveled by adjusting the support column 13 and detecting through the horizontal beads 19, thereby keeping the rotation shaft 10 level.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the nut and screw structure is used to adjust the level of the support plate 15, which is simple in structure and convenient in operation.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an annular blocking member 11 is fixedly arranged on the upper portion of the split-flow collecting port 16 to prevent water on the supporting plate 15 from flowing into the sampling bottle 21 from the split-flow collecting port 16, so as to ensure accurate data, and meanwhile, the annular blocking member can be used as a limiting member to limit the rotation angle of the skip box.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the bottle holder 20 is fixed on the turntable 22, the bottom of the sampling bottle 21 is connected to the bottle holder 20 in a snap-fit manner, so that the sampling bottle 21 can be taken and placed more simply, conveniently and quickly, the water inlet 12 is provided on the shunt liquid collecting container 14, so that the shunt tube 6 can penetrate through the shunt liquid collecting container to be inserted into the sampling bottle 21, the turntable 22 is rotatably placed inside the shunt liquid collecting container 14, and all the sampling bottles 21 on the turntable 22 can collect water samples through rotation.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the shunt collection container 14 is positioned below the support plate 15, and the water inlet 12 is positioned directly below the shunt collection port 16, so that the shunt tube 6 can be accurately inserted into the sampling bottle 21.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the controller sets the rotation times of the skip box 1, and the photoelectric sensor disposed on the inner wall of the annular baffle 11 is used to monitor the times of inserting the shunt tube 6 into the shunt collecting opening 16, and when the set rotation times of the controller are reached, the controller controls the motor to drive the turntable 22 to rotate, so that the water samples separated by the shunt opening 5 can be sequentially collected into the sampling bottle 21.
In an embodiment of the present invention, two water storage tanks 17 are provided with a split-flow port 5, and the split-flow ports 5 are fixedly connected with a split-flow pipe 6, so that the skip box 1 can split-flow/leaching water by rotating clockwise and anticlockwise, the split-flow pipes 6 on two sides pass through the split-flow collecting port 16 and then pass through the water inlet 12 to be inserted into the sampling bottle 21, the split-flow/leaching water is collected into the sampling bottle 21, the accuracy of metering is ensured, and the working efficiency of the integral sampling device is improved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the dump box 1 has a symmetrical structure, and the storage capacity of the corresponding water storage tank 17 when the dump box 1 is dumped is measured according to a pre-experiment, and the capacity is set to a rated value.
In an embodiment of the present invention, if a scheme of collecting water through one split-flow port 5 is adopted, experiments are performed on the water samples in all the sampling bottles 21 according to the time sequence of collecting the water samples, if a scheme of collecting water through two split-flow ports 5 is adopted, the water samples in the two sampling bottles 21 which are symmetrical with respect to the turntable 22 in center are mixed, and sampling of runoff/leaching water can be completed through one or two split-flow ports 5, so that the integral sampling device is suitable for more sampling schemes.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the diverted fluid collection vessel 14 is a diverted fluid collection bucket.
In one embodiment of the invention, the shunt opening 5 at the bottom of the tipping bucket box 1 is a round hole, so that the round hole is simpler to manufacture.
In one embodiment of the invention, a collection funnel is used for collecting runoff/leaching water, and the device has a simple structure and is convenient to detach.
The sampling method of the integral sampling device provided by the invention comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
S1, placing an integral sampling device below a section of a topography through which runoff/leaching water flows to enable the runoff/leaching water to flow into a converging device 3;
s2, adjusting the support frame 2 to enable the tipping bucket box 1 to be horizontal in the direction of the rotating shaft 10, and enabling the initial state of the tipping bucket box 1 to be arranged at an included angle with the horizontal plane;
S3, placing the rotary sampling device below the support frame 2, limiting the rotation of the skip box 1 by using the annular baffle piece 11, enabling the clockwise rotation angles of the skip box 1 to be the same, and sequentially marking sampling bottles on the rotary sampling device, so that the first sampling bottle firstly collects water samples, and completing the collection of the water samples according to the marking sequence;
S4, collecting water storage tanks are arranged at a higher position in two water storage tanks 17 of the tipping bucket box 1, runoff/leaching water enters the collecting device 3 from the top opening of the collecting device 3 and flows into the collecting water storage tanks through the diversion ports 7, when the runoff/leaching water in the collecting water storage tanks reaches a rated value, the tipping bucket box 1 topples towards the directions of the collecting water storage tanks, the runoff/leaching water in the collecting water storage tanks is proportionally taken into the sampling bottle 21 through the diversion ports 5, and the water quantity of the runoff/leaching water flowing into the sampling bottle 21 through the diversion pipes 6 each time is the same and is fixed as unit water quantity;
s5, recording the water quantity of a runoff/leaching water sample required by an experiment as a standard water quantity, calculating the rotation times of the skip box 1 when the standard water quantity is collected in the sampling bottle 21 sampled currently according to the unit water quantity and the standard water quantity, and recording the rotation times as the standard times, wherein when the rotation times of the skip box 1 reach the standard times, the turntable 22 rotates, so that the water samples separated by the tapping orifice 5 can be sequentially collected into the sampling bottle 21;
s6, repeating S5 until all sampling bottles 21 finish collecting runoff/leaching water or until a preset collecting time is reached, finish sampling runoff/leaching water, respectively carrying out experiments on the collected water samples, and accurately obtaining dynamic distribution curves of mineral substances and microelements in the local runoff/leaching water.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided to facilitate understanding of the method and core ideas of the present invention; also, it is within the scope of the present invention to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. An integral sampling device, characterized in that: the water sampling device comprises a converging device, a supporting frame, a tipping bucket box and a rotary collecting device, wherein the top of the converging device is provided with a converging opening, the bottom of the converging device is provided with a guiding opening, the middle position of the bottom of the tipping bucket box is fixedly provided with a rotating shaft, the rotating shaft is horizontally connected to the supporting frame in a rotating mode, a partition plate is arranged in the middle of the tipping bucket box, the guiding opening is positioned right above the partition plate, the partition plate divides the tipping bucket box into two water storage tanks, the two water storage tanks are far away from the end parts of the partition plate and are all provided with water outlets, the bottom plate of the water storage tanks is flat, the lowest part of the water outlet is not higher than the inner bottom surface of the bottom plate of the water storage tank, at least one water storage tank is far away from the middle line of the end part of the partition plate and is provided with a splitting opening, the lower end of the splitting opening is connected with a splitting pipe, the middle position of the bottom of the tipping bucket box is in a rotating mode with the supporting frame, the rotary collecting device comprises a rotary table and a plurality of sampling bottles, the sampling bottles are fixedly arranged on the rotary table, the tipping bucket box is in the same rotation angle under the limiting effect of the limiting piece, the rotary table is respectively, the water sample can be sampled by the water sample can pass through the splitting opening and the sampling bottles when the water sample is not required to be sequentially inserted into the water sampling bottles, and the water sampling bottles are sequentially rotated in the rotary bottle and the water storage tank;
The limiting piece limits the rotation angle of the tipping bucket box, so that the rotation angle of the tipping bucket box is the same and fixed in a clockwise and anticlockwise manner, the shape and the structure of the water storage tanks are the same, the water storage capacity rating is the same, when water in the water storage tanks reaches the rating, the tipping bucket box is inclined towards the direction of the water storage tanks, the rotation speed of the tipping bucket box is the same and fixed in a clockwise and anticlockwise manner, when the tipping bucket box is inclined, the water in the water storage tanks is proportionally split by the split-flow port, and the water quantity of the water flowing into the sampling bottle through the split-flow pipe every time is the same and fixed.
2. The integral sampling device of claim 1, wherein: the support frame is fixed to be set up in the backup pad, the backup pad is connected with a plurality of support columns, the support column is used for adjusting the backup pad level, be equipped with the horizontal pearl in the backup pad, the horizontal pearl is used for detecting the backup pad level.
3. The integral sampling device of claim 2, wherein: the support column is a screw rod, a plurality of nuts are arranged on the support plate, each nut is fixedly connected with the support plate, and each screw rod is in threaded connection with one nut.
4. The integral sampling device of claim 2, wherein: the support plate is provided with a diversion collecting port, the tipping bucket box rotates to enable the diversion pipe to be inserted into the diversion collecting port, an annular blocking piece is arranged on the upper portion of the diversion collecting port in a surrounding mode, and the annular blocking piece is used as the limiting piece.
5. The integral sampling device of claim 4, wherein: the bottom buckle of the sampling bottle is fixed on the bottle mop, the bottle mop is fixedly connected to the rotary table, the rotary table is rotatably arranged inside the split-flow liquid collecting container around the vertical axis, a water inlet is formed in the split-flow liquid collecting container, and the split-flow pipe can penetrate through the water inlet and be inserted into the sampling bottle.
6. The integral sampling device of claim 5, wherein: the shunt liquid collecting container is positioned below the supporting plate, and the water inlet is positioned right below the shunt collecting opening.
7. The integral sampling device of claim 4, wherein: the utility model discloses a shunt valve, including annular fender piece, carousel, support plate, driving device, be equipped with photoelectric sensor on the annular fender piece inner wall, be used for the monitoring the shunt tube inserts the number of times of shunting collection mouth, the carousel bottom is equipped with drive arrangement, drive arrangement can drive the carousel rotates arbitrary angle, the backup pad bottom surface is provided with the controller, the controller with drive arrangement with photoelectric sensor communication connection.
8. The integral sampling device of claim 5, wherein: each water storage tank is provided with one split-flow port, each split-flow port is fixedly connected with one split-flow pipe, two split-flow collecting ports are formed in the supporting plate, two water inlets are formed in the split-flow liquid collecting container, and the two split-flow ports, the two split-flow collecting ports, the two water inlets and the two split-flow pipes are respectively symmetrical with respect to the rotating shaft.
9. A sampling method based on the integral sampling device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
S1, placing the integral sampling device below a section of a terrain through which runoff/leaching water flows, so that the runoff/leaching water flows into the converging device;
s2, adjusting the supporting frame to enable the tipping bucket box to be horizontal in the direction of the rotating shaft, and enabling the initial state of the tipping bucket box to form an included angle with the horizontal plane;
s3, placing the rotary sampling device below the supporting frame, adjusting the rotary sampling device, and limiting the rotation of the tipping box by using the limiting piece so that the clockwise rotation angles of the tipping box are the same;
S4, collecting water storage tanks which are positioned at a higher position in the two water storage tanks of the tipping bucket box, enabling runoff/leaching water to enter the converging device from an opening at the top of the converging device and flow into the collecting water storage tanks through the flow guide openings, pouring the tipping bucket box towards the direction of the collecting water storage tanks when the runoff/leaching water in the collecting water storage tanks reaches a rated value, and enabling the shunt openings to proportionally split the runoff/leaching water in the collecting water storage tanks into the sampling bottle, wherein the water quantity of the runoff/leaching water flowing into the sampling bottle through the shunt pipes each time is the same and is fixed as a unit water quantity;
S5, recording the water quantity of a runoff/leaching water sample required by an experiment as a standard water quantity, calculating the rotation times of the tipping bucket box when the standard water quantity is collected in the sampling bottle which is currently sampled according to the unit water quantity and the standard water quantity, and recording the rotation times as the standard times, wherein when the rotation times of the tipping bucket box reach the standard times, the turntable rotates, so that the water samples separated by the splitting port can be sequentially collected into the sampling bottle;
S6, repeating the step S5 until all the sampling bottles finish the collection of the runoff/leaching water or the collection time is up to a preset collection time, and finishing the sampling of the runoff/leaching water.
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