CN112033708B - Dynamic model experiment system and method for high-speed train passing through local heating tunnel - Google Patents
Dynamic model experiment system and method for high-speed train passing through local heating tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112033708B CN112033708B CN202010954111.1A CN202010954111A CN112033708B CN 112033708 B CN112033708 B CN 112033708B CN 202010954111 A CN202010954111 A CN 202010954111A CN 112033708 B CN112033708 B CN 112033708B
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
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- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dynamic model experiment system and method for a high-speed train passing through a local heating tunnel, wherein the experiment system comprises a high-speed train and bullet train model test bed and a train model, the high-speed train and bullet train model test bed is provided with a tunnel model and a controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the train model; the tunnel model consists of a heating section and a non-heating section, and the heating section is positioned at an inlet; the heating device also comprises a first air pressure detection unit for detecting a plurality of set point air pressures in the heating section, a second air pressure detection unit for detecting a plurality of set point air pressures in the non-heating section and a temperature control unit for heating the heating section; the first air pressure detection unit, the second air pressure detection unit and the temperature control unit are all electrically connected with the controller. According to the invention, through the research of the local high temperature difference experiment of the high-speed train dynamic model and the comparison with the normal temperature experiment, the influence of the local high temperature difference on the transient air pressure change of the railway tunnel can be obtained, and a scientific basis is provided for the numerical value and research of tunnel aerodynamics in a high geothermal environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-speed train experiments, and particularly relates to a dynamic model experiment system and method for a high-speed train passing through a local heating tunnel.
Background
When a train passes through a high-temperature-difference railway tunnel, a strong nonlinear system consisting of a train-tunnel-running environment generates a complex aerodynamic dynamic response: high temperature difference, low atmospheric pressure will lead to the sound velocity change, very easily cause the undulant drastic change of tunnel internal gas pressure, and in the atmospheric pressure fluctuation spreads into the car into, arouses the passenger discomfort easily, seriously influences passenger's travelling comfort.
Most road sections of the planned and constructed Sichuan-Tibet railway are located in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, a plurality of tunnels are arranged on the whole line, 10 high-temperature heat tunnels are arranged, the highest temperature of rocks can reach 86.0 ℃ (mulberry ridge tunnels), the temperature of air in the tunnels can reach 56 ℃, and the air outside the tunnels can reach over thirty degrees below zero under extreme conditions, so that a great temperature difference can be formed inside and outside the tunnels.
The current railway tunnel aerodynamic problem research mainly focuses on the aspects of the flow field evolution of train passing through the tunnel at normal temperature, the influence rule of the train and the tunnel parameters and the like. For extreme environments along Sichuan-Tibet railways and environmental characteristics such as low air pressure, high temperature difference, long tunnels formed by long and large tunnels of railways, no research on convection, heat and solid coupling exists so far.
The current experimental research of the high-speed train passing through the tunnel mainly focuses on the experimental research of the scale model, meanwhile, the scale model experiment can obtain scientific, reliable and practical experimental results, and can provide basis for the full-size train passing through the tunnel experiment.
In conclusion, at present, research on the evolution mechanism of the transient air pressure of the railway tunnel with high temperature difference and the problem of influencing parameter sensitivity is not reported, and development of corresponding experimental research work of the tunnel high temperature difference is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to fill the blank of the prior dynamic model experiment technology research for the high-speed train passing through the local heating tunnel, and provides a dynamic model experiment system and a dynamic model experiment method for the high-speed train passing through the local heating tunnel.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high-speed train passes through a local heating tunnel dynamic model experimental system, which comprises a high-speed train and bullet train model test bed and a train model, wherein the high-speed train and bullet train model test bed is provided with a tunnel model and a controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the train model; the method is characterized in that:
the tunnel model consists of a heating section and a non-heating section, wherein the heating section is positioned at the inlet, and the length of the heating section is smaller than that of the non-heating section;
the heating device also comprises a first air pressure detection unit for detecting a plurality of set point air pressures in the heating section, a second air pressure detection unit for detecting a plurality of set point air pressures in the non-heating section and a temperature control unit for heating the heating section;
the first air pressure detection unit, the second air pressure detection unit and the temperature control unit are all electrically connected with the controller.
By means of the structure, the invention can be used for local heating experiments and normal temperature experiments. During local heating experiments, the controller firstly controls the temperature control unit to work, so that the heating section is heated to a set temperature, then the train model is controlled to slide through the tunnel model at a set speed, and air pressure values of a plurality of set points in the heating section and the non-heating section are collected. The normal temperature experiment process is similar to the local heating experiment process, and the difference is that the heating section is not needed during the normal temperature experiment. Through the research of the high-speed train dynamic model local high temperature difference experiment and the comparison with the normal temperature experiment, the influence of the local high temperature difference on the transient air pressure change of the railway tunnel can be obtained, and scientific basis is provided for the numerical value and the research of tunnel aerodynamics in a high geothermal environment.
As a preferable mode, the temperature control unit comprises a temperature measuring instrument and a flexible heater, and the flexible heater is attached to the inner wall of the heating section of the tunnel model; the temperature measuring instrument and the flexible heater are both electrically connected with the controller.
The temperature measuring instrument is used for measuring the temperature of a set position in the heating section and sending the temperature to the controller, and the controller controls whether the flexible heater works or not according to the difference value between the measured temperature and the set temperature.
Preferably, the thickness of the flexible heater is less than or equal to 2 mm.
In order to ensure that the blocking ratio of the tunnel model is not changed, so that the air pressure change in the tunnel model is influenced, the thickness of the flexible heater cannot be larger than 2mm, and the flexible heater needs to have a bendable function, so that the requirement of tight attachment of the arc-shaped wall surface of the tunnel model is met.
As a preferable mode, the first air pressure detecting unit includes a plurality of first air pressure sensors disposed in the heating section; each first air pressure sensor is electrically connected with the controller.
As a preferable mode, the second air pressure detecting unit includes a plurality of second air pressure sensors disposed in the non-heating section; each second air pressure sensor is electrically connected with the controller.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the heating section is provided with a heat insulation layer. As a preferred mode, the heat-insulating layer is made of heat-insulating cotton.
Preferably, the temperature control unit is embedded with a high temperature resistant plastic part, and each first air pressure sensor is installed and fixed on the high temperature resistant plastic part.
Based on the same conception, the invention also provides a dynamic model experiment method for the high-speed train passing through the local heating tunnel, which is characterized in that a tunnel model on a high-speed train and bullet train model test bed is divided into a heating section and a non-heating section, wherein the heating section is positioned at an inlet, and the length of the heating section is smaller than that of the non-heating section;
the method comprises the following steps:
step A, heating a heating section to a set temperature, controlling a train model to reach a set speed and slide through a tunnel model at the set speed, and collecting air pressure values at a plurality of set points in the heating section and a non-heating section;
step B, when the temperature of the heating section is room temperature, controlling the train model to reach a set speed and slide through the tunnel model at the set speed, and collecting air pressure values at a plurality of set points in the heating section and the non-heating section;
step C, comparing the air pressure value obtained in the step A with the air pressure value obtained in the step B at the same point in the heating section; comparing the air pressure value obtained in the step A and the air pressure value obtained in the step B at the same point in the non-heating section;
the execution sequence of the step A and the step B is not sequential.
Preferably, step a is repeated a plurality of times.
Preferably, step B is repeated a plurality of times.
Compared with the prior art, the method can obtain the influence of the local high temperature difference on the transient air pressure change of the railway tunnel by the local high temperature difference experimental study of the high-speed train dynamic model and comparing with a normal temperature experiment, and provides scientific basis for the tunnel aerodynamics value and study in the high geothermal environment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a tunnel model.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of the tunnel model.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the tunnel model.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an experimental system circuit configuration according to the present invention.
The tunnel model comprises a tunnel model 1, a heating section 101, a non-heating section 102, a controller 2, a first air pressure detection unit 3, a first air pressure sensor 301, a second air pressure detection unit 4, a second air pressure sensor 401, a temperature control unit 5, a temperature measuring instrument 501, a flexible heater 502, a heat insulation layer 6 and a high-temperature-resistant plastic part 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The high-speed train local heating tunnel moving model experiment system comprises a high-speed train motor car model test bed and a train model, wherein a tunnel model 1 and a controller 2 are arranged on the high-speed train motor car model test bed, and the controller 2 is electrically connected with the train model. Both the high speed train bullet train model test stand and the train model are prior art and will not be described in detail herein, but will not affect the understanding and implementation of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the tunnel model 1 is composed of a heating section 101 and a non-heating section 102, wherein the heating section 101 is located at an entrance, and the length (about 2m) of the heating section 101 is smaller than that of the non-heating section 102.
The experimental system also comprises a first air pressure detection unit 3 for detecting a plurality of set point air pressures in the heating section 101, a second air pressure detection unit 4 for detecting a plurality of set point air pressures in the non-heating section 102, and a temperature control unit 5 for heating the heating section 101; the first air pressure detection unit 3, the second air pressure detection unit 4 and the temperature control unit 5 are all electrically connected with the controller 2.
The invention can be used for local heating experiments and normal temperature experiments. During a local heating experiment, the controller 2 firstly controls the temperature control unit 5 to work, so that the heating section 101 is heated to a set temperature, then controls the train model to slide through the tunnel model 1 at a set speed, and collects air pressure values at a plurality of set points in the heating section 101 and the non-heating section 102. The normal temperature experiment process is similar to the local heating experiment process, and the difference is that the heating section 101 is not required to be heated in the normal temperature experiment. Through the experiment research of the local high temperature difference of the dynamic model and the comparison with the normal temperature experiment, the influence of the local high temperature difference on the transient air pressure change of the railway tunnel can be obtained, and scientific basis is provided for the numerical value and the research of tunnel aerodynamics in the high geothermal environment.
Before the experiment is started, a temperature control unit 5 which can accurately control the temperature is arranged at the front part of the entrance of the tunnel model 1. The temperature control unit 5 comprises a temperature measuring instrument 501 and a flexible heater 502, and the flexible heater 502 is attached to the inner wall of the heating section 101 of the tunnel model 1; both the temperature detector 501 and the flexible heater 502 are electrically connected to the controller 2. The temperature measuring instrument 501 is arranged in the heating section 101, the temperature measuring instrument 501 is used for measuring the temperature at a set position in the heating section 101 and sending the temperature to the controller 2, and the controller 2 controls whether the flexible heater 502 works or not according to the difference value between the measured temperature and the set temperature.
In order to ensure that the blocking ratio of the tunnel model 1 is not changed, so that the air pressure change in the tunnel model 1 is influenced, the thickness of the flexible heater 502 cannot be larger than 2mm (1.5 mm in the embodiment), and the flexible heater 502 needs to have a bendable function, so that the requirement of tight attachment of the arc-shaped wall surface of the tunnel model 1 is met. The flexible heater 502 is a heating plate formed of a special rubber and a heating element inside thereof, which is connected to the controller 2 to precisely control the heating temperature.
The temperature control unit 5 needs to have the requirements of high power, quick response and accurate control of the target temperature of the heating section 101, when the actual temperature of the heating section 101 exceeds the target temperature, the controller 2 controls the flexible heater 502 to automatically power off and stop heating, and otherwise, the controller 2 controls the flexible heater 502 to automatically power on and continue heating.
The first air pressure detecting unit 3 comprises a plurality of first air pressure sensors 301 arranged in the heating section 101; each first air pressure sensor 301 is electrically connected to the controller 2. The first air pressure sensor 301 is required to be installed in the heating area, and the first air pressure sensor 301 is required to be installed on the inner wall of the tunnel model 1 through a perforation. Because the temperature control unit 5 cannot perform the punching operation, a gap needs to be reserved on the temperature control unit 5, but in order to ensure the stability and symmetry of the flow field in the tunnel model 1, the gap is filled with the punching high-temperature resistant plastic, and then the first air pressure sensor 301 is installed on the punching high-temperature resistant plastic part 7.
The second air pressure detecting unit 4 includes a plurality of second air pressure sensors 401 disposed in the non-heating section 102; each of the second air pressure sensors 401 is electrically connected to the controller 2.
The circuit structure block diagram of the experimental system of the invention is shown in fig. 4.
And the outer wall of the heating section 101 is provided with a heat-insulating layer 6. The heat preservation layer 6 is made of heat preservation cotton. In order to guarantee that the temperature of heating section 101 reaches the appointed temperature fast, need paste heat preservation 6 at the tunnel model outer wall that heating section 101 corresponds, simultaneously, heat preservation 6 can play the effect of keeping the temperature, is favorable to improving experimental efficiency.
Based on the high-speed train local heating tunnel dynamic model experiment system, the invention also provides a high-speed train local heating tunnel dynamic model experiment method, which comprises the following steps of local heating experiment, normal temperature experiment and experiment data comparison:
the local heating experiment comprises the steps of A, heating a heating section 101 of a tunnel model 1, starting a digital display controller 2, setting a set target temperature of the heating section 101 to be 120 ℃, measuring air temperatures at positions which are 0m, 0.5m, 1m, 1.5m and 2m away from an inlet of the tunnel model 1 in the tunnel model 1 corresponding to the heating section 101 by using a high-precision, quick-response and handheld probe type temperature measuring instrument 501, and recording the temperatures. After the heating section 101 is heated to the set temperature of 120 ℃, controlling the train model to reach the set speed and slide through the tunnel model 1 at the set speed, and acquiring air pressure values at a plurality of set points in the heating section 101 and the non-heating section 102 by using a first air pressure sensor 301 and a second air pressure sensor 401; the gas pressure condition under the condition of local heating is obtained.
In order to verify the repeatability of the local heating experiment, the step a needs to be repeated for a set of set temperature and set speed values, the experiment at each set speed level (for example, the set speed is 350km/h) needs to be performed more than three times, and meanwhile, the temperature difference of the same position of the heating section 101 cannot exceed 1 ℃ during each local heating experiment.
The normal temperature experiment comprises a step B of controlling the train model to reach a set speed and slide through the tunnel model 1 at the set speed when the temperature of the heating section 101 is room temperature, and collecting air pressure values at a plurality of set points in the heating section 101 and the non-heating section 102; the gas pressure condition without local heating is obtained.
The normal temperature experiment is used for the contrast experiment as the local heating experiment, and when carrying out the normal temperature contrast experiment, heating section 101 does not start temperature control unit 5 and heats, and other experimental conditions remain unchanged. And (3) repeating the step (B) for a plurality of times to ensure the repeatability, wherein the normal-temperature comparison experiment at each set speed grade needs to be carried out at least twice.
The experimental data comparison comprises a step C of comparing the air pressure value obtained in the step A with the air pressure value obtained in the step B at the same point in the heating section 101; the pressure value obtained in step a is compared to the pressure value obtained in step B at the same point in the non-heated section 102.
The influence of local high temperature difference on transient air pressure change of the railway tunnel can be obtained by comparing the difference that the same air pressure detection point of the heating section 101 or the non-heating section 102 is under two experimental conditions of a local heating experiment and a normal temperature experiment.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A high-speed train passes through a local heating tunnel dynamic model experimental system, which comprises a high-speed train and bullet train model test bed and a train model, wherein the high-speed train and bullet train model test bed is provided with a tunnel model (1) and a controller (2), and the controller (2) is electrically connected with the train model; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the tunnel model (1) is composed of a heating section (101) and a non-heating section (102), wherein the heating section (101) is positioned at an inlet, and the length of the heating section (101) is smaller than that of the non-heating section (102);
the device also comprises a first air pressure detection unit (3) for detecting a plurality of set point air pressures in the heating section (101), a second air pressure detection unit (4) for detecting a plurality of set point air pressures in the non-heating section (102), and a temperature control unit (5) for heating the heating section (101);
the first air pressure detection unit (3), the second air pressure detection unit (4) and the temperature control unit (5) are electrically connected with the controller (2);
the temperature control unit (5) comprises a temperature measuring instrument (501) and a flexible heater (502), and the flexible heater (502) is attached to the inner wall of the heating section (101) of the tunnel model (1); the temperature measuring instrument (501) and the flexible heater (502) are both electrically connected with the controller (2).
2. The high-speed train local heating tunnel passing dynamic model experiment system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the flexible heater (502) is less than or equal to 2 mm.
3. The high-speed train local heating tunnel passing experimental system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the first air pressure detecting unit (3) comprises a plurality of first air pressure sensors (301) arranged in the heating section (101); each first air pressure sensor (301) is electrically connected with the controller (2).
4. The high-speed train local heating tunnel passing experimental system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the second air pressure detecting unit (4) comprises a plurality of second air pressure sensors (401) arranged in the non-heating section (102); each second air pressure sensor (401) is electrically connected with the controller (2).
5. The high-speed train local heating tunnel passing experimental system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the outer wall of the heating section (101) is provided with an insulating layer (6).
6. The high-speed train local heating tunnel passing dynamic model experiment system as claimed in claim 3, wherein a high temperature resistant plastic part (7) is embedded on the temperature control unit (5), and each first air pressure sensor (301) is installed and fixed on the high temperature resistant plastic part (7).
7. A high-speed train passes through a local heating tunnel dynamic model experimental method, which is characterized in that a tunnel model (1) on a high-speed train and bullet train model test bed is divided into a heating section (101) and a non-heating section (102), wherein the heating section (101) is positioned at an inlet, and the length of the heating section (101) is smaller than that of the non-heating section (102); a flexible heater (502) is attached to the inner wall of the heating section (101) of the tunnel model (1);
the method comprises the following steps:
a, heating a heating section (101) to a set temperature, controlling a train model to reach a set speed and slide through a tunnel model (1) at the set speed, and collecting air pressure values at a plurality of set points in the heating section (101) and a non-heating section (102);
step B, when the temperature of the heating section (101) is room temperature, controlling the train model to reach a set speed and slide through the tunnel model (1) at the set speed, and collecting air pressure values at a plurality of set points in the heating section (101) and the non-heating section (102);
step C, comparing the air pressure value obtained in the step A and the air pressure value obtained in the step B at the same point in the heating section (101); comparing the air pressure value obtained in the step A and the air pressure value obtained in the step B at the same point in the non-heating section (102);
wherein, the execution sequence of the step A and the step B is not in sequence.
8. The experimental method for the local heating tunnel passing through of the high-speed train as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step A is repeated for a plurality of times.
9. The experimental method for the high-speed train passing through the local heating tunnel moving model according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the step B is repeated for a plurality of times.
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