CN112032508B - A method for assembling and adjusting the elevation axis system of the theodolite for astronomical observation - Google Patents
A method for assembling and adjusting the elevation axis system of the theodolite for astronomical observation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112032508B CN112032508B CN202011033061.XA CN202011033061A CN112032508B CN 112032508 B CN112032508 B CN 112032508B CN 202011033061 A CN202011033061 A CN 202011033061A CN 112032508 B CN112032508 B CN 112032508B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16M—FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; STANDS; SUPPORTS
- F16M11/00—Stands or trestles as supports for apparatus or articles placed thereon ; Stands for scientific apparatus such as gravitational force meters
- F16M11/02—Heads
- F16M11/04—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand
- F16M11/06—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting
- F16M11/10—Means for attachment of apparatus; Means allowing adjustment of the apparatus relatively to the stand allowing pivoting around a horizontal axis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C1/00—Measuring angles
- G01C1/02—Theodolites
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Telescopes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种装调方法，具体涉及一种大型的天文观测用经纬仪俯仰轴系装调方法。本发明的目的是解决现有大型天文观测用经纬仪俯仰轴系的装调方法存在装调难度大，且装调过程费时、费力的技术问题，提供一种天文观测用经纬仪俯仰轴系的装调方法。该方法在装调过程中对左立柱和右立柱的磨削、左轴承座的左轴承安装孔以及右轴承座的右轴承安装孔的镗削过程进行了严格把控，对左轴系组件和右轴系组件与光学系统结构件的连接，则巧妙地通过铰销钉方式保证了轴向尺寸链的连接要求，大大提高了俯仰轴系的装调精度，省略了左轴系组件和右轴系组件同轴度误差调整过程，大大降低了装调难度、缩短了装调周期，节约了装调成本。
The invention relates to a method for assembling and adjusting, in particular to a method for assembling and adjusting the pitch axis system of a large-scale theodolite for astronomical observation. The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problems that the existing installation and adjustment methods of the theodolite pitch shaft system for large-scale astronomical observation have great difficulty in installation and adjustment, and the installation and adjustment process is time-consuming and laborious, and provides a kind of installation and adjustment of the theodolite pitch shaft system for astronomical observation. method. This method strictly controls the grinding of the left column and the right column, the boring process of the left bearing mounting hole of the left bearing seat and the right bearing mounting hole of the right bearing seat during the assembly and adjustment process. The connection between the right shaft system component and the optical system structural parts is cleverly ensured by the hinge pin method to ensure the connection requirements of the axial dimension chain, which greatly improves the installation and adjustment accuracy of the pitch shaft system, and omits the left shaft system component and the right shaft system. The adjustment process of component coaxiality error greatly reduces the difficulty of installation and adjustment, shortens the installation and adjustment cycle, and saves the installation and adjustment cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an assembly and adjustment method, in particular to an assembly and adjustment method of a large-scale theodolite pitching axis for astronomical observation.
Background
The theodolite is widely used in the field of precision mechanical engineering as a measuring device, and generally comprises a pitch axis system and an azimuth axis system, wherein the measurement precision of the pitch axis system is an important link influencing the measurement precision of the theodolite. The theodolite is basically structurally shown in fig. 1, a pitching axis 02 is arranged at the upper part of an azimuth axis 01 and comprises a U-shaped frame 021, a left bearing, a left axis 022, a right bearing, a right axis 023 and an optical system 024, and the optical system 024 comprises an optical system structural part 0241 and an optical element positioned in the optical system structural part 0241; the pitching shafting 02 is characterized in that a key part is a U-shaped frame 021, a left arm of the U-shaped frame 021 bears a left shafting 022 through a left bearing, a right arm of the U-shaped frame 021 bears a right shafting 023 through a right bearing, and the left shafting 022 and the right shafting 023 are respectively connected with the left side and the right side of an optical system structural part 0241.
For a small theodolite, the overall size of the U-shaped frame 021 is small, so that the theodolite can be designed to be of an integral structure. The installation and adjustment sequence of the pitching shafting 02 is generally as follows: a left shaft system 022 is installed on a left arm of a U-shaped frame 021 through a left bearing, a right shaft system 023 is installed on a right arm of the U-shaped frame 021 through a right bearing, and then an optical system 024 is connected between the left shaft system 022 and the right shaft system 023. The U-shaped frame 021 of overall structure form, easily processing, left shafting 022 and the axiality of right shafting 023 rely on the course of working mainly to guarantee. The dimension chain of the theodolite pitching axis 02 is a left axis 022, an optical system 024 and a right axis 023 which are connected in sequence, belongs to a single serial structure, and can be guaranteed by means of a machining process.
For a large theodolite, for example, astronomical observation equipment, because the size of its parts, especially a U-shaped frame, is large, if the theodolite is designed into an integral structure, it is difficult to complete the processing on one processing equipment to meet the requirements of design dimension error and behavior error (including position error and shape error), and even if there is only a local error, the accuracy of the observation result is greatly affected. Therefore, in general, the U-shaped frame of the large theodolite needs to be designed into a split structure and is formed by combining a plurality of sections. As shown in figure 2, the U-shaped frame 025 consists of a U-shaped frame base 0251, a left upright post 0252 and a right upright post 0253 which are symmetrically arranged at the left end and the right end of the U-shaped frame base 0251, a left bearing seat 0254 arranged on the left upright post 0252 and a right bearing seat 0255 arranged on the right upright post 0253. This theodolite every single move shafting 02's U type frame 025's left bearing frame 0254 passes through left bearing and left shafting 022 constitution left shafting subassembly, and right bearing frame 0255 passes through right bearing and right shafting 023 constitution right shafting subassembly, connects optical system 024 between left shafting subassembly and the right shafting subassembly, forms the axial dimensions chain.
The U-shaped frame 025 of the large theodolite adopts a split type combined structure design, which brings certain convenience to processing and manufacturing, but brings great difficulty to the adjustment of the pitching axis 02 of the theodolite. This is because the coaxiality error of its left bearing frame 0254 and right bearing frame 0255 has decisive influence to the assembly precision of pitch shafting 02, needs to guarantee through the assembly technology, and general assembly thinking is: when the coaxiality error of the left shafting assembly and the right shafting assembly is adjusted, the axial dimension chain of the left shafting assembly and the right shafting assembly is ensured to meet the requirement, namely the distance between the mounting flange of the left shafting 022 and the mounting flange of the left end of the optical system structural member 0241 and the distance between the mounting flange of the right shafting 023 and the mounting flange of the right end of the optical system structural member 0241 both meet the requirement of distance tolerance, and because the flange of the large structural member belongs to a moving part in the structural system, the dimension measurement is difficult, the measurement error is large, so the precision of the pitching shafting 02 is easily damaged and the shafting rotation is not smooth. Therefore, the whole installation and adjustment process is difficult, time-consuming and labor-consuming.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the assembly and adjustment difficulty is high, and the assembly and adjustment process is time-consuming and labor-consuming in the conventional method for assembling and adjusting the pitch axis of the theodolite for astronomical observation, and provides the method for assembling and adjusting the pitch axis of the theodolite for astronomical observation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for adjusting a pitch axis of a theodolite for astronomical observation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) taking a horizontal plane where an installation bearing surface a between the U-shaped frame base and the azimuth axis is located as a horizontal reference surface, and grinding the upper surfaces of the left upright column and the right upright column simultaneously to enable the left upright column and the right upright column to be equal in height and the upper surfaces of the left upright column and the right upright column to be parallel to each other;
2) symmetrically arranging the ground left upright post and the ground right upright post at the left end and the right end of the U-shaped frame base to form a lower end piece of the U-shaped frame;
3) placing a left bearing seat and a right bearing seat on the same horizontal plane, and precisely boring a left bearing mounting hole of the left bearing seat and a right bearing mounting hole of the right bearing seat respectively until the distance from a lower mounting surface of the left bearing seat to the center of the left bearing mounting hole is equal to the distance from a lower mounting surface of the right bearing seat to the center of the right bearing mounting hole;
4) respectively installing a left shaft system and a right shaft system on the left side and the right side of the optical system structural member, adjusting the left shaft system and the right shaft system to be coaxial so that the coaxiality error of the left shaft system and the right shaft system meets the technological requirements, positioning the left shaft system and the right shaft system with the optical system structural member through a matched hinge pin, and then detaching the left shaft system and the right shaft system from the optical system structural member;
5) installing a left shafting on a left bearing seat through a left bearing to form a left shafting assembly, and installing a right shafting on a right bearing seat through a right bearing to form a right shafting assembly;
6) resetting and fastening the left shafting component and the right shafting component with the optical system structural member through pins by utilizing pin holes which are reamed when the pins are matched in the step 4) to form a combined member;
7) and (3) mounting the assembly obtained in the step 6) on the lower end piece of the U-shaped frame obtained in the step 2), so that the left bearing seat is positioned on the left upright post, the right bearing seat is positioned on the right upright post, and the pitching shaft system is installed and adjusted.
Further, in order to sufficiently ensure the coaxiality of the left axis system and the right axis system, in the step 4), the coaxial adjustment of the left axis system and the right axis system specifically comprises: and adjusting the right shaft system by taking the left shaft system as a reference so that the spiral center line of the right shaft system is collinear with the spiral center line of the left shaft system, or adjusting the left shaft system by taking the right shaft system as a reference so that the spiral center line of the left shaft system is collinear with the spiral center line of the right shaft system.
Further, in order to ensure accuracy, in the step 3), the same horizontal plane is the same horizontal plane of the precision boring machine.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the adjusting method of the pitching shafting of the theodolite for astronomical observation, provided by the invention, the grinding of the left stand column and the right stand column and the boring process of the left bearing mounting hole of the left bearing seat and the right bearing mounting hole of the right bearing seat are strictly controlled in the adjusting process, and the connection requirement of an axial dimension chain is ingeniously ensured by a hinge pin mode for connecting the left shafting assembly, the right shafting assembly and an optical system structural member, so that the defects of the existing general adjusting thought are overcome, and the adjusting precision of the pitching shafting is greatly improved. Through the reasonable combination of the processing technology and the assembling and debugging technology, on the basis of not increasing the processing cost, the coaxiality error adjusting process of the left shafting assembly and the right shafting assembly is omitted, the assembling and debugging difficulty is greatly reduced, the assembling and debugging period is shortened, and the assembling and debugging cost is saved.
2. The adjusting method of the pitch axis of the theodolite for astronomical observation provided by the invention is practical, reliable and easy to implement, and meets the precision requirement of the pitch axis of the solar telescope.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional small theodolite;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a U-shaped frame of a conventional large theodolite;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the lower end piece of the U-shaped frame in step 2) according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the left bearing seat and the right bearing seat in step 3) of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein a distance between a lower mounting surface of the bearing seat and the center of the bearing mounting hole is indicated between an upper arrow and a lower arrow;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of positioning with the optical system structural member by a hinge pin method after installing a left axis system and a right axis system on the left and right sides of the optical system structural member respectively and adjusting the axes of the left axis system and the right axis system in step 4) of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the left shafting assembly and the right shafting assembly in step 5) of the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the left shafting assembly and the right shafting assembly fastened to the left and right sides of the optical system structural member in step 6) of the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the pitch axis system after the installation and adjustment in step 7) of the embodiment of the present invention are completed;
description of reference numerals:
in fig. 1:
01-azimuth axis, 02-pitch axis, 021-U-shaped frame, 022-left axis, 023-right axis, 024-optical system and 0241-optical system structural part;
in fig. 2:
025-U-shaped frame, 0251-U-shaped frame base, 0252-left column, 0253-right column, 0254-left bearing seat and 0255-right bearing seat;
in fig. 3 to 8:
the device comprises a 1-U-shaped frame base, a 2-left upright post, a 3-right upright post, a 4-left bearing seat, a 5-right bearing seat, a 6-left shaft system, a 7-right shaft system, an 8-optical system structural member and a 9-pin.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for adjusting a pitch axis of a theodolite for astronomical observation, which comprises the following steps of:
1) the horizontal plane where the mounting bearing surface between the U-shaped frame base 1 and the azimuth axis is located is taken as a horizontal reference surface, the upper surfaces of the left upright column 2 and the right upright column 3 are ground on a grinding machine at the same time, the left upright column 2 and the right upright column 3 are guaranteed to be equal in height, the upper surfaces of the left upright column 2 and the right upright column 3 are parallel to each other, and the technological requirement for the parallelism degree is met;
2) as shown in fig. 3, the ground left upright post 2 and right upright post 3 are symmetrically arranged at the left end and the right end of the U-shaped frame base 1 to form a U-shaped frame lower end piece;
3) as shown in fig. 4, the left bearing seat 4 and the right bearing seat 5 are placed on a precise boring machine workbench, the lower mounting surfaces of the left bearing seat 4 and the right bearing seat 5 are ensured to be positioned in the same horizontal plane, a left bearing mounting hole of the left bearing seat 4 is precisely bored, a right bearing mounting hole of the right bearing seat 5 is precisely bored until the distance from the lower mounting surface of the left bearing seat 4 to the center of the left bearing mounting hole is equal to the distance from the lower mounting surface of the right bearing seat 5 to the center of the right bearing mounting hole, and the process requirements of equal degrees of the two distances are met;
4) as shown in fig. 5, a left shaft system 6 and a right shaft system 7 are respectively installed on the left side and the right side of an optical system structural member 8, and the left shaft system 6 and the right shaft system 7 are coaxially adjusted to ensure that the coaxiality error of the left shaft system 6 and the right shaft system 7 meets the process requirement, specifically, the coaxial adjustment of the left shaft system 6 and the right shaft system 7 means that the left shaft system 6 is taken as a reference, the right shaft system 7 is adjusted to enable the spiral center line of the right shaft system 7 to be collinear with the spiral center line of the left shaft system 6, or the right shaft system 7 is taken as a reference, the left shaft system 6 is adjusted to enable the spiral center line of the left shaft system 6 to be collinear with the spiral center line of the right shaft system 7; and then the left shaft system 6 and the right shaft system 7 are positioned with the optical system structural member 8 through a matched hinge pin, wherein the matched hinge pin specifically refers to: firstly, a left shaft system 6 and a right shaft system 7 are respectively connected with an optical system structural member 8 through screws, two holes are formed in the other positions (such as the sides of screw holes) where the left shaft system 6 is connected with the optical system structural member 8, the holes are precisely reamed through a reamer to form two precise positioning holes, two holes are formed in the other positions (such as the sides of the screw holes) where the right shaft system 7 is connected with the optical system structural member 8, the holes are precisely reamed through the reamer to form two precise positioning holes, and then the left shaft system 6 and the right shaft system 7 are detached from the optical system structural member 8;
5) as shown in fig. 6, the left shafting 6 is installed and adjusted on the left bearing seat 4 through the left bearing to form a left shafting assembly, and the right shafting 7 is installed and adjusted on the right bearing seat 5 through the right bearing to form a right shafting assembly;
6) as shown in fig. 7, the left shafting component and the right shafting component are respectively reset and fixedly connected with the optical system structural member 8 through the pin 9 by using the pin 9 hole which is reamed when the pin 9 is matched and reamed in the step 4), so as to form an assembly;
7) as shown in fig. 8, the assembly obtained in step 6) is installed on the lower end piece of the U-shaped frame obtained in step 2), so that the left bearing seat 4 is located on the left upright post 2, the right bearing seat 5 is located on the right upright post 3, and the pitch axis is installed and adjusted.
And after the installation and the adjustment are finished, measuring the measurement precision of the installed and adjusted pitching shafting, and if the measurement precision is not met, returning to the step 1) to gradually check.
The method for adjusting the pitching axis of the theodolite for astronomical observation is verified through a verification test of the pitching axis of the solar telescope, and the result shows that the method provided by the invention is practical, reliable and easy to implement.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to modify the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or to substitute part of the technical features, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions protected by the present invention.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011033061.XA CN112032508B (en) | 2020-09-27 | 2020-09-27 | A method for assembling and adjusting the elevation axis system of the theodolite for astronomical observation |
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| CN202011033061.XA CN112032508B (en) | 2020-09-27 | 2020-09-27 | A method for assembling and adjusting the elevation axis system of the theodolite for astronomical observation |
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| CN112032508A CN112032508A (en) | 2020-12-04 |
| CN112032508B true CN112032508B (en) | 2021-11-16 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112815880A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-18 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Orthogonal rotating shaft device |
| CN112797924A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2021-05-14 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Orthogonal rotating shaft measuring device of laser tracking measuring system and measuring method thereof |
| CN113146537B (en) * | 2021-04-23 | 2022-10-25 | 西安交通大学 | A combined installation tooling structure and method for a common tolerance body crankshaft |
| CN115826256A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-21 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | A device and method for installing and adjusting an ultra-large field of view relay optical system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4455758A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1984-06-26 | Tokyo Kogaku Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | Bearing means for angle measuring instruments |
| CN1363824A (en) * | 2001-01-04 | 2002-08-14 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Eccentrical axle chain for monochromator with soft X-ray, variable pitch, and planar raster |
| CN101210809A (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-02 | 上海建设路桥机械设备有限公司 | Continuous casting machine sector section centering measurement method |
| CN103769810A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-05-07 | 河北汉光重工有限责任公司 | Technology for controlling coaxiality precision of U-shaped support combination |
| JP6560090B2 (en) * | 2015-10-02 | 2019-08-14 | 株式会社トプコン | Surveyor column structure |
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2020
- 2020-09-27 CN CN202011033061.XA patent/CN112032508B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4455758A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1984-06-26 | Tokyo Kogaku Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | Bearing means for angle measuring instruments |
| CN1363824A (en) * | 2001-01-04 | 2002-08-14 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Eccentrical axle chain for monochromator with soft X-ray, variable pitch, and planar raster |
| CN101210809A (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2008-07-02 | 上海建设路桥机械设备有限公司 | Continuous casting machine sector section centering measurement method |
| CN103769810A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-05-07 | 河北汉光重工有限责任公司 | Technology for controlling coaxiality precision of U-shaped support combination |
| JP6560090B2 (en) * | 2015-10-02 | 2019-08-14 | 株式会社トプコン | Surveyor column structure |
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