CN112031805B - Cantilever excavator and excavation method thereof - Google Patents
Cantilever excavator and excavation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112031805B CN112031805B CN202011032507.7A CN202011032507A CN112031805B CN 112031805 B CN112031805 B CN 112031805B CN 202011032507 A CN202011032507 A CN 202011032507A CN 112031805 B CN112031805 B CN 112031805B
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003818 cinder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
- E21D9/1086—Drives or transmissions specially adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/124—Helical conveying means therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cantilever excavator and an excavation method thereof, wherein the cantilever excavator comprises a main machine structure and a rear matching system which are connected, a main drive and a combined type excavation device are arranged on the main machine structure, the combined type excavation device is connected with the main drive, a slag removing device is arranged below the main drive, and the slag removing device is connected with a slag discharging system arranged on the rear matching system. The combined type excavating device is used for excavating an excavation surface, the central cutter disc of the combined type excavating device performs extrusion rock breaking on a tunnel by using a hob to perform first excavation, the suspended cutting hob of the telescopic suspended cutting arm performs second suspended cutting excavation on a hole wall excavated by the central cutter disc, the tunnel excavation and the expanded excavation are completed by one-step forming, and the excavation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a cantilever excavator and an excavation method thereof.
Background
A rock Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is large tunnel excavation equipment integrating technologies such as machinery, electronics, hydraulic pressure and laser, and plays an important role in mountain tunnel and urban subway engineering construction. At present, the excavation section of the heading machine is basically circular, although a small part of the excavation section can finish special-shaped sections such as rectangular sections and horseshoe-shaped sections, the special-shaped sections are all applied to soft soil tunnel excavation and are not seen in rock tunnel engineering, the excavation section of the heading machine cannot be changed again in the application process once being determined, the excavation shape is single, the application range is limited, and arbitrary section excavation cannot be achieved. At present, in a rock tunnel, more and more projects with special-shaped sections such as horseshoe-shaped sections are adopted for forming the sections, if a traditional circular heading machine is adopted for excavation, the excavation amount of the projects is increased, meanwhile, a part of the excavation is required to be backfilled, the project cost is increased, and the construction period is prolonged.
The traditional full-face tunnel boring machine performs excavation by vertically extruding a tunnel face through a cutter head, so that the cutter is seriously worn and the excavation speed is slow. The existing cantilever excavator, such as a multi-arm cantilever excavator carrying a suspended cutter for rock breaking, with application number 201821324346.7, can only excavate through the suspended cutter, and has the disadvantages of large excavation resistance, limited excavation section and low excavation efficiency, so that a cantilever excavator with high excavation efficiency and capable of excavating any section with variable diameters needs to be developed to adapt to excavation of tunnels with various sections.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the background technology, the invention provides a cantilever excavator and an excavation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the utility model provides a cantilever entry driving machine, includes the host computer structure, the host computer is equipped with main drive and combination formula excavation device in structure, and combination formula excavation device is connected with the main drive, and the below of main drive is equipped with the scarfing cinder device, and the scarfing cinder device is connected with the slag tapping system that sets up on the supporting system in back.
The combined type excavation device comprises a supporting plate, a center excavation mechanism and a cantilever type excavation mechanism, wherein the supporting plate is connected with a main drive, the main drive drives the supporting plate to rotate, the center excavation mechanism is arranged at the center of the supporting plate, and the cantilever type excavation mechanism is arranged at the outer edge of the supporting plate.
The center excavation mechanism comprises a connecting shaft and a center cutter disc, one end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected with the supporting disc, the other end of the connecting shaft is connected with the center cutter disc, an excavation cutter is arranged on the center cutter disc, and the diameter of the center cutter disc is not smaller than that of the supporting disc.
The center cutter disc is frustum-shaped, the excavating cutters are arranged on the front end face and the conical side face of the frustum-shaped cutter disc, the center cutter disc is fixedly connected with the connecting shaft through the connecting flange, and the cantilever type excavating mechanism and the connecting flange can be opened and closed.
The cantilever type excavation mechanism comprises at least two telescopic suspension cutting arms, the telescopic suspension cutting arms are hinged on the supporting plate at equal angles and are connected with the central excavation mechanism through the driving oil cylinder.
The telescopic suspension cutting arm comprises a fixed outer arm, a telescopic inner arm and a suspension cutting hob, the telescopic inner arm is sleeved in the fixed outer arm and is in sliding connection with the fixed outer arm through a telescopic oil cylinder, a rotary cutter disc is arranged at the outer end of the telescopic inner arm, and the suspension cutting hob is axially arranged on the rotary cutter disc.
The outer wall of the fixed outer arm is provided with a connecting lug seat, one end of the driving oil cylinder is hinged with the connecting lug seat, and the other end of the driving oil cylinder is hinged with a connecting flange of the central excavation mechanism.
The slag removing device comprises a slag removing bucket and a screw conveyor, the slag removing bucket is connected to the shell of the lower portion of the main drive, the screw conveyor is arranged on the main machine structure, the slag feeding end of the screw conveyor corresponds to the slag removing bucket, and the slag discharging end of the screw conveyor corresponds to the slag discharging system.
The slag discharging system is a belt conveyor, the belt conveyor is arranged on the rear matching system, and the host is structurally provided with a segment erector and a shoe supporting mechanism.
An excavation method of a cantilever excavator comprises the following steps:
s1: excavating the tunnel face through a central cutter head of the central excavating mechanism to form an excavated hole, wherein the inner wall surface and the tunnel face of the excavated hole are free faces;
s2: after the central cutter head is completely dug into the excavation hole, a telescopic suspension cutting arm of the cantilever type excavation mechanism extends out, and a suspension cutting hob on the telescopic suspension cutting arm performs suspension cutting excavation on the free surface under the action of active driving;
s3: in the process that the suspended cutting hob performs suspended cutting and excavation on the free face, the extension length of the telescopic suspended cutting arm is adjusted, so that the suspended cutting hob performs layer-by-layer expanded excavation on the excavated hole;
s4: in the process of carrying out suspended cutting and digging on the face by the suspended cutting hob, the extension length of the telescopic suspended cutting arm in the rotating process is adjusted in real time, and the expanded digging of different sections is carried out on the digging hole.
The specific steps of step S1 are as follows:
s1.1: completely contracting the four telescopic suspended cutting arms of the combined type excavating device to the rear part of the central cutter head;
s1.2: the main drive drives the combined type excavating device to excavate along an excavation face through the supporting disc until the central cutter head is completely excavated into the hole, so that an excavated hole is formed;
the specific steps of step S3 are as follows:
s3.1: four telescopic suspension cutting arms of the combined type excavating device are opened relative to a central cutter head under the action of a driving oil cylinder;
s3.2: the telescopic suspension cutting arms extend outwards under the control of the telescopic oil cylinder, and the extending lengths of the four telescopic suspension cutting arms are increased one by one along the rotating direction to complete the length adjustment of the telescopic suspension cutting arms and the outward expansion of the relative central cutter head;
s3.3: under the action of a main drive, a suspended cutting hob on a telescopic suspended cutting arm with the shortest extension length performs suspended cutting and digging on a free face formed on a tunnel face to form a first digging free face; simultaneously, the suspended cutting hobs on the adjacent telescopic suspended cutting arms perform suspended cutting and digging on the first digging free face to form a second digging free face, and according to the digging mode, the four telescopic suspended cutting arms perform layer-by-layer digging of four layers of free faces simultaneously;
s3.4: and (5) repeating the step (S3.3), wherein the overhanging hob on the outward-unfolded telescopic overhanging cutting arm carries out overhanging cutting and expanding excavation on the hole wall excavated by the central cutter head.
The specific steps of step S4 are as follows:
s4.1: in the tunneling process, according to the design of an excavation profile, the angle and the extension length of the telescopic suspension cutting arm are adjusted through the driving oil cylinder and the telescopic oil cylinder, so that the excavation track of a suspension cutting hob of the telescopic suspension cutting arm is matched with the excavation profile, and the hole wall of an excavation hole is correspondingly expanded and excavated, so that the excavation of a tunnel with a special-shaped section is realized;
s4.2: after the expansion excavation of the tunnel wall by the telescopic suspension cutting arm is finished, the telescopic suspension cutting arm is retracted to the rear part of the central cutter head by the driving oil cylinder and the telescopic oil cylinder, and then the next tunneling cycle is carried out.
The combined type excavating device is used for excavating an excavation surface, the central cutter disc of the combined type excavating device performs extrusion rock breaking on a tunnel by using a hob to perform first excavation, the suspended cutting hob of the telescopic suspended cutting arm performs second suspended cutting excavation on a hole wall excavated by the central cutter disc, the tunnel excavation and the expanded excavation are completed by one-step forming, and the excavation efficiency is improved. By adjusting the expansion angle and the extension length of the retractable suspension cutting arm, the tunnel wall can be expanded and excavated in real time, the excavation of tunnels with various special-shaped sections can be met, the excavation flexibility and the applicability are higher, the tunnel excavation method is a great innovation of tunnel excavation, and has higher popularization value.
Drawings
In order to illustrate the embodiments of the invention more clearly, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being apparent that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be derived from those drawings by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the combined excavation device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the telescopic cantilever cutting arm of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the telescopic cantilever cutting arm of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the telescopic cantilever cutting arm in a retracted tunneling state.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the telescopic cantilever cutting arm in a spreading tunneling state.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, in embodiment 1, a cantilever excavator comprises a main machine structure 5 and a rear mating system 3 which are connected, wherein the rear mating system 3 is connected to the rear part of the main machine structure and comprises a common mating system of the excavator. The front end of host computer structure 5 is equipped with main drive 2 and combination formula excavation device 1, and main drive 2 is fixed on the host computer structure, and combination formula excavation device 1 is connected with main drive 2, and main drive improves power for the rotation of combination formula excavation device. A slag removing device 4 is arranged below the main drive 2, and the slag removing device 4 is connected with a slag discharging system arranged on the rear matching system 3 to finish the slag soil generated in the tunnel excavation process. And a segment erector and a shoe supporting mechanism are arranged on a main beam of the main machine structure 5, and the structure of the main machine structure is similar to that of the existing heading machine.
Further, modular excavation device 1 includes supporting disk 107, central excavation mechanism and cantilever type excavation mechanism, and the supporting disk 107 is connected with main drive 2, and main drive 2 drives the supporting disk 107 and rotates, central excavation mechanism sets up the center department at the supporting disk 107, and cantilever type excavation mechanism sets up the outer edge department at the supporting disk 107, and central excavation mechanism is located the middle part of cantilever type excavation mechanism, forms umbrella-shaped structure, and cantilever type excavation mechanism can open and shut and stretch out and draw back relatively central excavation mechanism for the excavation in special-shaped section tunnel.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the central excavation mechanism includes connecting shaft 104 and central cutter disc 102, connecting shaft 104 sets up along the 5 axial of host computer structure, the one end and the supporting disk 107 fixed connection of connecting shaft 104, the other end is connected with central cutter disc 102, realize the synchronous rotations of central cutter disc and supporting disk, be equipped with excavation cutter 101 on the central cutter disc 102, the excavation cutter can adopt current hobbing cutter, the diameter of central cutter disc 102 is not less than the diameter of supporting disk 107, when realizing that cantilever type excavation mechanism is in the receipts state, can receive in central cutter disc rear portion completely, in order not to influence the normal tunnelling of central cutter disc 102.
Preferably, the central cutter head 102 is a frustum-shaped cutter head, i.e., a frustum with a large front and a small rear, so that the embedding force of the central cutter head in the excavation process is improved, and the excavation efficiency is improved. The excavation cutters 101 are uniformly distributed on the front end surface and the conical side surface of the frustum-shaped cutter head. The central cutterhead 102 is fixedly connected with the connecting shaft 104 through the connecting flange 103, and the cantilever type excavating mechanism and the connecting flange 103 can be arranged in an opening and closing mode, namely the cantilever type excavating mechanism can be unfolded and folded relative to the connecting shaft 104 of the central cutterhead 102, and the folding mode is the same as that of an umbrella-shaped structure.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in embodiment 2, the boom excavator includes two or four retractable suspension cutting arms 106, the retractable suspension cutting arms 106 are hinged on a supporting plate 107 at equal angles and connected with the central excavating mechanism through a driving cylinder 105, and under the action of the driving cylinder, the retractable suspension cutting arms 106 can swing relative to the hinge point of the supporting plate to realize whether the retractable suspension cutting arms are opened or not.
Further, flexible cutting arm 106 includes fixed outer arm 1061, flexible inner arm 1062 and cuts hobbing cutter 1063 in the suspension, and fixed outer arm articulates on the supporting disk, and flexible inner arm 1062 cover is established in fixed outer arm 1061, and through flexible hydro-cylinder 1065 and fixed outer arm 1061 sliding connection, fixed outer arm 1061 is hollow structure, and flexible hydro-cylinder 1065 is built-in fixed outer arm, and one end is articulated with fixed outer arm, and the other end is articulated with flexible inner arm, and under the effect of flexible hydro-cylinder, flexible inner arm can the relative fixed outer arm flexible, realizes the regulation of flexible cutting arm overall length. The outer end of arm 1062 is equipped with rotary cutter 1064 in the flexible, and rotary cutter includes fixed part and rotation portion promptly, is equipped with bearing structure between rotation portion and the fixed part, fixed part and flexible inner boom fixed connection, and hang and cut hobbing cutter 1063 and fix in the rotation portion, hang and cut hobbing cutter 1063 promptly and set up on rotary cutter 1064 along the axial, and the hobbing cutter atress is cut in the tunnelling in-process to hang, and rotary cutter can carry out passive rotation. The outer wall of the fixed outer arm 1061 is provided with a connecting lug seat 1066, one end of the driving oil cylinder 105 is hinged with the connecting lug seat 1066, and the other end is hinged with the connecting flange 103 of the central excavation mechanism. Under the effect of drive cylinder, fixed outer arm drives flexible inner arm, rotary cutter and coils the pin joint swing with the supporting disk.
Further, the slag removal device 4 comprises a slag removal bucket 401 and a screw conveyor 402, wherein the slag removal bucket 401 is connected to the shell at the lower part of the main drive 2, and the slag removal bucket can be connected with the shell of the main drive through an adjusting oil cylinder and used for adjusting the receiving angle. The screw conveyor 402 is arranged on the main machine structure 5, the slag inlet end of the screw conveyor 402 corresponds to the slag removal bucket 401, and the slag outlet end of the screw conveyor 402 corresponds to the slag outlet system. The mucking system is band conveyer, and band conveyer sets up on supporting system 3 behind, and at the tunnelling in-process, the dregs soil that the combination formula excavation device excavated collects the scarfing cinder scraper bowl, then transports to band conveyer through screw conveyer, accomplishes the continuous transportation of dregs soil.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, example 3: an excavation method of the cantilever excavator according to embodiment 2 includes the following steps:
s1: excavating the tunnel face through a central cutter head 102 of the central excavating mechanism to form an excavated hole, wherein the inner wall face and the tunnel face of the excavated hole are free faces. Namely, the four telescopic suspended cutting arms 106 of the combined type excavating device 1 are completely contracted to the rear part of the central cutter disc 102, and the diameter of the contracted telescopic suspended cutting arms is not more than the maximum cutter disc diameter of the central cutter disc; then the main drive 2 drives the combined type excavating device 1 to excavate along the excavation face through the supporting disc 107, the central cutter head 102 performs extrusion rock breaking excavation on the excavation face until the central cutter head 102 is completely excavated into the tunnel to form an excavation hole, and at the moment, the inner wall face and the tunnel face of the excavation hole are free faces to provide a suspension cut face for the cantilever type excavating mechanism.
S2: after the central cutter head 102 is completely dug into the excavation hole, the telescopic suspended cutting arm 106 of the cantilever type excavation mechanism extends out, and under the action of active driving, a suspended cutting hob 1063 on the telescopic suspended cutting arm 106 performs suspended cutting excavation on the empty surface;
s3: in the process of carrying out suspended cutting and excavation on the blank surface by the suspended cutting hob 1063, the extension length of the telescopic suspended cutting arm 106 is adjusted, so that the suspended cutting hob 1063 carries out layer-by-layer expanded excavation on the excavated hole; when different telescopic cantilever cutting arms extend to different lengths, the contact free surface is firstly subjected to cantilever cutting and expanding excavation with small extension amount (short), and the cantilever cutting surface of the previous telescopic cantilever cutting arm 106 is subjected to cantilever cutting and expanding excavation with large extension amount (long). The method comprises the following specific steps:
s3.1: four telescopic suspension cutting arms 106 of the combined excavation device 1 are opened relative to the central cutterhead 102 under the action of the driving oil cylinder 105; the unfolding angle and the extending length of the device can be adjusted in time according to the needs;
s3.2: the telescopic suspension cutting arms 106 extend outwards under the control of the telescopic oil cylinder 1065, the extending lengths of the four telescopic suspension cutting arms 106 are sequentially increased one by one along the rotating direction, the difference value of the extending amounts of the two adjacent telescopic suspension cutting arms is the suspension cutting thickness, and after the extending amount is adjusted, the length adjustment of the telescopic suspension cutting arms 106 and the outward expansion of the corresponding central cutter head 102 are completed;
s3.3: under the action of the main drive, a suspended cutting hob 1063 on the telescopic suspended cutting arm 106 (set as a 0-degree telescopic suspended cutting arm) with the shortest extension length performs suspended cutting on an open face formed on the tunnel face to form a first excavation open face; meanwhile, the suspended cutting hob 1063 on the adjacent telescopic suspended cutting arm 106 (i.e. the 90-degree telescopic suspended cutting arm) performs suspended cutting on the first excavation free surface to form a second excavation free surface; then, a suspended cutting hob 1063 on the 180-degree telescopic suspended cutting arm performs suspended cutting on the second excavation free surface to form a third excavation free surface; and then, a suspended cutting hob 1063 on the 270-degree telescopic suspended cutting arm performs suspended cutting on the third excavated face to form a fourth excavated face, so that four-layer expanded excavation of one excavation section is completed as above, and the excavation efficiency is improved. According to the excavation mode, N layers of free surfaces can be excavated layer by selecting N telescopic suspended cutting arms 106.
S3.4: and repeating the step S3.3, and carrying out the suspended cutting and expanding excavation on the hole wall excavated by the central cutter disc 102 by the suspended cutting hob 1063 on the outwards unfolded telescopic suspended cutting arm 106.
S4: in the process of carrying out suspended cutting and digging on the free face by the suspended cutting hob 1063, the extension length of the telescopic suspended cutting arm 106 in the rotating process is adjusted in real time, and the expanded digging of different sections is carried out on the excavated hole. The method comprises the following specific steps: s4.1: in the tunneling process, according to the design of the excavation profile, the angle and the extension length of the telescopic suspension cutting arm 106 are adjusted through the driving oil cylinder 105 and the telescopic oil cylinder 1065, so that the excavation track of the suspension cutting hob 1063 of the telescopic suspension cutting arm 106 is matched with the excavation profile, the hole wall of the excavated hole is correspondingly expanded and excavated, and the excavation of the tunnel with the special-shaped section is further realized;
s4.2: after the telescopic cutting boom 106 is used for enlarging and digging the hole wall, the telescopic cutting boom 106 is folded to the rear part of the central cutterhead 102 through the driving oil cylinder 105 and the telescopic oil cylinder 1065, and then the next tunneling cycle is carried out.
In the tunneling process, the expansion angle and the extension length of the telescopic suspension cutting arm 106 are adjusted through the driving oil cylinder 105 and the telescopic oil cylinder 1065 according to design requirements, and the hole wall is correspondingly expanded and excavated, so that the excavation of the tunnel with the special-shaped section is realized, the applicability and the flexibility are high, and the real-time adjustment can be realized; during the excavation process, the generated slag stone is transported out of the tunnel through the slag removing device and the slag discharging system, and slag removal is completed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a cantilever entry driving machine, includes host computer structure (5), its characterized in that: the main machine structure (5) is provided with a main drive (2) and a combined type excavation device (1), the combined type excavation device (1) is connected with the main drive (2), a slag cleaning device (4) is arranged below the main drive (2), and the slag cleaning device (4) is connected with a slag discharging system arranged on the rear matched system (3);
the combined type excavating device (1) comprises a supporting plate (107), a central excavating mechanism and a cantilever type excavating mechanism, wherein the supporting plate (107) is connected with a main drive (2), the main drive (2) drives the supporting plate (107) to rotate, the central excavating mechanism is arranged at the center of the supporting plate (107), and the cantilever type excavating mechanism is arranged at the outer edge of the supporting plate (107);
the cantilever type excavating mechanism comprises at least two telescopic suspended cutting arms (106), the telescopic suspended cutting arms (106) are hinged on a supporting plate (107) and are connected with the central excavating mechanism through a driving oil cylinder (105); under the effect of actuating cylinder, flexible cutting arm (106) can swing for the pin joint of supporting disk, realizes opening and shutting of flexible cutting arm (106).
2. The boom miner of claim 1 wherein: the central excavation mechanism comprises a connecting shaft (104) and a central cutter head (102), one end of the connecting shaft (104) is fixedly connected with a supporting disc (107), the other end of the connecting shaft is connected with the central cutter head (102), an excavation cutter (101) is arranged on the central cutter head (102), and the diameter of the central cutter head (102) is not smaller than that of the supporting disc (107).
3. The boom miner of claim 2 wherein: center blade disc (102) are frustum type blade disc, excavate cutter (101) and set up on the preceding terminal surface and the tapered side of frustum type blade disc, center blade disc (102) pass through flange (103) and connecting axle (104) fixed connection, cantilever type excavation mechanism and flange (103) setting of can opening and shutting.
4. The cantilever excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the telescopic suspended cutting arm (106) comprises a fixed outer arm (1061), a telescopic inner arm (1062) and a suspended cutting hob (1063), the telescopic inner arm (1062) is sleeved in the fixed outer arm (1061), and is in sliding connection with the fixed outer arm (1061) through a telescopic oil cylinder (1065), a rotary cutter disc (1064) is arranged at the outer end of the telescopic inner arm (1062), and the suspended cutting hob (1063) is axially arranged on the rotary cutter disc (1064).
5. The boom miner of claim 4 wherein: the outer wall of the fixed outer arm (1061) is provided with a connecting lug seat (1066), one end of the driving oil cylinder (105) is hinged with the connecting lug seat (1066), and the other end of the driving oil cylinder is hinged with a connecting flange (103) of the central excavation mechanism.
6. The cantilever excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, wherein: the slag removal device (4) comprises a slag removal bucket (401) and a spiral conveyor (402), the slag removal bucket (401) is connected to the shell of the lower portion of the main drive (2), the spiral conveyor (402) is arranged on the main machine structure (5), the slag inlet end of the spiral conveyor (402) corresponds to the slag removal bucket (401), and the slag outlet end of the spiral conveyor (402) corresponds to a slag outlet system.
7. The boom miner of claim 6 wherein: the slag discharging system is a belt conveyor, the belt conveyor is arranged on the rear matching system (3), and the host structure (5) is provided with a segment erector and a shoe supporting mechanism.
8. A method of excavating the cantilever excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: excavating the tunnel face through a central cutter head (102) of the central excavating mechanism to form an excavated hole, wherein the inner wall surface and the tunnel face of the excavated hole are free faces;
s2: after the central cutter head (102) is completely dug into the excavation hole, a telescopic suspended cutting arm (106) of the cantilever type excavation mechanism extends out, and under the action of active driving, a suspended cutting hob (1063) on the telescopic suspended cutting arm (106) performs suspended cutting excavation on the face;
s3: in the process that the suspended cutting hob (1063) performs suspended cutting excavation on the free face, the extension length of the telescopic suspended cutting arm (106) is adjusted, so that the suspended cutting hob (1063) performs layer-by-layer expanded excavation on the excavated hole;
s4: and in the process of carrying out suspended cutting and digging on the free face by the suspended cutting hob (1063), adjusting the extension length of the telescopic suspended cutting arm (106) in the rotating process in real time, and carrying out expanded digging on different sections of the excavated hole.
9. The excavation method of the cantilever excavator according to claim 8, wherein: the specific steps of step S1 are as follows:
s1.1: completely retracting four telescopic suspended cutting arms (106) of the combined excavation device (1) to the rear part of a central cutter head (102);
s1.2: the main drive (2) drives the combined type excavating device (1) to excavate along the excavation face through the supporting disc (107) until the central cutter head (102) is completely excavated into the hole, so that an excavated hole is formed.
10. The excavation method of the cantilever excavator according to claim 9, wherein: the specific steps of step S3 are as follows:
s3.1: four telescopic suspension cutting arms (106) of the combined excavation device (1) are opened relative to the central cutterhead (102) under the action of a driving oil cylinder (105);
s3.2: the telescopic suspended cutting arms (106) extend outwards under the control of the telescopic oil cylinder (1065), and the extending lengths of the four telescopic suspended cutting arms (106) are increased one by one along the rotating direction, so that the length adjustment of the telescopic suspended cutting arms (106) and the outward expansion of the relative central cutter head (102) are completed;
s3.3: under the action of a main drive, a suspended cutting hob (1063) on a telescopic suspended cutting arm (106) with the shortest extension length performs suspended cutting on an open face formed on the tunnel face to form a first excavated open face; meanwhile, the suspended cutting hobs (1063) on the adjacent telescopic suspended cutting arms (106) perform suspended cutting and excavation on the first excavation free surface to form a second excavation free surface, and according to the excavation mode, four telescopic suspended cutting arms (106) perform layer-by-layer excavation on four layers of free surfaces at the same time;
s3.4: and (4) repeating the step (S3.3), wherein the overhanging cutter (1063) on the outward-unfolded telescopic overhanging cutting arm (106) carries out overhanging cutting and expanding excavation on the hole wall excavated by the central cutter head (102).
11. The excavation method of the cantilever excavator according to claim 10, wherein: the specific steps of step S4 are as follows:
s4.1: in the tunneling process, according to the design of an excavation profile, the angle and the extension length of a telescopic suspension cutting arm (106) are adjusted through a driving oil cylinder (105) and a telescopic oil cylinder (1065), so that the excavation track of a suspension cutting hob (1063) of the telescopic suspension cutting arm (106) is matched with the excavation profile, the hole wall of an excavation hole is correspondingly expanded and excavated, and further the excavation of a tunnel with a special-shaped section is realized;
s4.2: after the expansion excavation of the tunnel wall by the telescopic suspension cutting arm (106) is finished, the telescopic suspension cutting arm (106) is folded to the rear part of the central cutterhead (102) through the driving oil cylinder (105) and the telescopic oil cylinder (1065) and enters the next tunneling cycle.
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