CN112031752A - Method for calculating stratified formation pressure of multilayer commingled gas well based on flowing pressure test - Google Patents
Method for calculating stratified formation pressure of multilayer commingled gas well based on flowing pressure test Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for calculating the stratified stratum pressure of a multi-layer commingled production gas well based on a flowing pressure test, which does not need to shut down the gas well and has smaller deviation of a calculation result, and comprises the following steps: collecting bottom hole flowing pressure test data, small layer physical property and small layer yield data of a multi-layer commingled production gas well; the second step is that: calculating bottom hole flowing pressure corresponding to the gas outlet of the small layer according to the flowing pressure and the flowing pressure gradient test value; the third step: calculating the current water saturation of the small layer according to the original water saturation of the small layer of the gas well and the current gas production rate and water production; the fourth step: determining a phase permeability curve equation of the rock cores with different shale contents through regression according to phase permeability experiment data of the rock cores with different shale contents; the fifth step: calculating the gas phase relative permeability of the small layer according to the shale content matching phase permeability curve equation of the small layer; and a sixth step: and calculating the formation pressure of the small layer according to a gas well productivity equation. The invention combines the test with the gas well seepage theory, and the calculated pressure of the small stratum has higher accuracy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas development, in particular to a method for calculating the layered formation pressure of a multi-layer commingled production gas well based on a flowing pressure test.
Background
The multilayer commingled production of the gas well refers to a natural gas efficient production method for simultaneously perforating a plurality of sand layers in the longitudinal direction and enabling gas in different sand layers to simultaneously flow into the bottom of the well, and the method is widely used in gas field development of Su Li Ge, Yulin, Yubei and the like in China, and an oil reservoir engineer needs to timely and accurately know the formation pressure of a small layer in order to know the reserve utilization condition of the small layer. Because the physical differences of a plurality of small layers simultaneously shot in the stratum are large (including thickness, porosity, argillaceous content, permeability and the like), the interlayer heterogeneity is strong, and the accurate determination of the stratum pressure of the small layers in the reservoir is very difficult. At present, three methods are mainly used for determining the layered formation pressure of a multi-layer commingled production gas well, the first method is a layered formation pressure test, a small layer needs to be separately tested by using an underground pressure gauge, a large amount of manpower and material resources are needed, and meanwhile, the gas well needs to be shut down, so that the normal production of the gas well is influenced; the second method is based on the test of the combined stratum pressure, and then converts the pressure of the small stratum according to the static pressure gradient, and the method does not consider the heterogeneity of the layers, and the deviation of the calculation result and the actual situation is large; the third method is a mathematical model method, wherein a mathematical model is established based on physical parameters of a gas well layer, and the formation pressure of a small layer of the gas well is calculated through numerical simulation. Therefore, there are major drawbacks to any of the above methods, and it is necessary to develop a method for accurately and conveniently determining the lamination of small layers.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the method needs a great deal of manpower and material resources for determining the formation pressure, simultaneously needs the well shut-in of the gas well, and has larger deviation of the calculation result.
The invention provides a method for calculating the layered formation pressure of a multi-layer commingled production gas well based on a flowing pressure test, which does not need to shut down the gas well and has smaller deviation of a calculation result,
the first step is as follows: collecting bottom hole flowing pressure test data, small layer physical property and small layer yield data of a multi-layer commingled production gas well;
the second step is that: calculating bottom hole flowing pressure corresponding to the gas outlet of the small layer according to the flowing pressure and the flowing pressure gradient test value;
the third step: calculating the gas well small layer according to the original water saturation of the gas well small layer and the current gas production and water production
The current water saturation of the layer;
the fourth step: determining different shale contents through regression according to the phase infiltration experimental data of cores with different shale contents
A phase permeability curve equation of the rock core;
the fifth step: calculating the gas phase relative permeability of the small layer according to the shale content matching phase permeability curve equation of the small layer;
and a sixth step: and calculating the formation pressure of the small layer according to a gas well productivity equation.
Further, the first step includes obtaining a bottom hole flowing pressure test value through a bottom hole flowing pressure test
Gradient value of fluid pressure in the middle of the zone
Obtaining the permeability, effective thickness, original water saturation, shale content and the like of the small layer through well logging interpretation; and acquiring the gas well gas production rate and water production rate in the testing period through field logging of production data.
Further, the second step includes calculating a bottom hole flowing pressure corresponding to the gas outlet of the small layer according to the following formula:
in the formula
The bottom flowing pressure of the gas well is expressed in MPa;
Hirepresents the depth of the ith layer in m;
i represents the number of the multi-layer composite sampling small layer, and i is 1 … N.
Further, the third step includes calculating the current water saturation of the stratum according to the following formula:
in the formula SwRepresenting the water saturation at any time, without dimension;
Swrirreducible water saturation;
qwrepresents the daily water yield in m3/d；
BwThe volume coefficient of formation water is expressed, and the dimension is not increased;
Bgthe volume coefficient of the natural gas is expressed, and the dimension is not increased;
i represents the number of the multi-layer composite sampling small layer, and i is 1 … N.
Further, the fourth step comprises collecting the phase permeability experimental data of cores with different shale contents, fitting the experimental data by using an exponential phase permeability curve equation, determining the phase permeability curve equation of the following small layers with different shale contents,
in the formula, a, b, m and n represent undetermined fitting coefficients, have no dimension and are obtained by regression fitting of an exponential phase permeation curve equation.
SwRepresenting the water saturation of the current stratum without dimension;
further, the fifth step comprises matching a phase permeability curve equation with the closest shale content according to the shale content of the small layer, and substituting the current water saturation calculated in the third step into the phase permeability curve equation corresponding to the small layer obtained in the fourth step to calculate the gas phase permeability K of the small layerrgi。
Further, the fifth step includes calculating the formation pressures of the small layers respectively according to the following formulas.
In the formula prThe pressure of the stratum of the small layer is expressed in MPa; is to be evaluated;
pwfrepresents the bottom hole flow pressure in MPa; calculated in the second step;
k represents permeability in mD; well logging interpretation is obtained;
Krgthe relative permeability of the gas phase of a small layer is expressed without dimension; calculating in the fourth step;
h represents the small layer thickness in m; well logging interpretation is obtained;
qscdenotes the small layer yield in m3D; the yield split or the gas production section is obtained by testing;
rerepresents the radius of the bleed flow in m; fitting by using an unstable typical curve;
rwrepresents the well radius in m; obtaining well completion parameters;
s represents the epidermis coefficient and has no dimension; well testing interpretation is obtained;
t represents the formation temperature in K; obtained by testing
μ represents gas viscosity, mpa.s; analyzing the high-pressure physical properties;
z represents a gas deviation coefficient and has no dimension; analyzing the high-pressure physical properties;
the subscript i indicates the number of the multi-layer composite small layer, i is 1 … N.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the technical scheme provided by the invention needs relatively less data, conventional well logging interpretation, well bottom flowing pressure test, yield splitting or gas production profile data and phase permeability curve test data, and the needed data is all based on conventional test and production data of gas field development without independently carrying out other test works.
2 the technical scheme provided by the invention considers the interlayer heterogeneity of the gas well, including permeability, shale content, effective thickness, original water saturation, gas-water yield difference and the like, and meets the requirement of calculating the layered stratum pressure of the multi-layer commingled production gas well under complex stratum conditions.
3, the technical scheme provided by the invention is based on the bottom flowing pressure test of the commingled production well, the bottom flowing pressure of the small stratum is converted according to the flowing pressure gradient, the stratum pressure is reversely calculated by using the gas well seepage formula, the test and the gas well seepage theory are combined, and the calculated pressure of the small stratum has high accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the relative permeability curves of reservoirs of different shale contents.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 2, the invention provides a method for calculating the layering pressure of a multilayer (N small layers) commingled production gas well based on a flowing pressure test, which comprises the following steps
The first step is as follows: collecting bottom hole flowing pressure test data, small layer physical property and small layer yield data of a multi-layer commingled production gas well;
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining a bottom hole flowing pressure test value through a bottom hole flowing pressure test
Gradient value of fluid pressure in the middle of the zone
Obtaining the permeability, effective thickness, original water saturation, shale content and the like of the small layer through well logging interpretation; and acquiring the gas well gas production rate and water production rate in the testing period through field logging of production data.
The second step is that: calculating bottom hole flowing pressure corresponding to the gas outlet of the small layer according to the flowing pressure and the flowing pressure gradient test value;
calculating the bottom hole flowing pressure corresponding to the gas outlet of the small layer according to a formula (1):
in the formula
The bottom flowing pressure of the gas well is expressed in MPa;
Hirepresents the depth of the ith layer in m;
i represents the number of the multi-layer composite sampling small layer, and i is 1 … N.
The third step: and calculating the current water saturation of the small layer according to the original water saturation of the small layer of the gas well, the current gas production rate and the current water production rate.
Calculating the water saturation of the current stratum according to the formula (2):
in the formula SwRepresenting the water saturation at any time, without dimension;
Swrirreducible water saturation;
qwrepresents the daily water yield in m3/d；
BwThe volume coefficient of formation water is expressed, and the dimension is not increased;
Bgthe volume coefficient of the natural gas is expressed, and the dimension is not increased;
the fourth step: determining a phase permeability curve equation of the rock cores with different shale contents through regression according to phase permeability experiment data of the rock cores with different shale contents;
the zonal permeability curve is generally determined by the shale content of the zonal and reservoir physical properties. Collecting the phase-permeation experimental data of different shale contents of the small layer, fitting the experimental data by using an exponential phase-permeation equation, determining a phase-permeation curve equation (3) of the small layer with different shale contents,
in the formula, a, b, m and n represent undetermined fitting coefficients, have no dimension and are obtained by regression fitting of an exponential phase permeation curve equation.
SwRepresenting the water saturation of the current stratum without dimension;
the fifth step: calculating the gas phase relative permeability of the small layer according to the shale content matching phase permeability curve equation of the small layer;
matching a phase permeability curve equation with the closest argillaceous content according to the argillaceous content of the small layer, substituting the current water saturation calculated by the formula (2) into a phase permeability curve equation (3) corresponding to the small layer to calculate the gas permeability Krgi。
And a sixth step: calculating the formation pressure of a small layer according to a gas well productivity equation;
and respectively calculating the formation pressure of the small layers according to the formula (4).
In the formula prThe pressure of the stratum of the small layer is expressed in MPa; is to be evaluated;
pwfrepresents the bottom hole flow pressure in MPa; calculating the result of formula (1);
k represents permeability in mD; well logging interpretation is obtained;
Krgthe gas phase permeability of a small layer is expressed, and the dimension is not increased; calculating the result by formula (3);
h represents the small layer thickness in m; well logging interpretation is obtained;
qscdenotes the small layer yield in m3D; the yield split or the gas production section is obtained by testing;
rerepresents the radius of the bleed flow in m; fitting by using an unstable typical curve;
rwrepresents the well radius in m; obtaining well completion parameters;
s represents the epidermis coefficient and has no dimension; well testing interpretation is obtained;
t represents the formation temperature in K; obtained by testing
μ represents gas viscosity in mpa.s; analyzing the high-pressure physical properties;
z represents a gas deviation coefficient and has no dimension; analyzing the high-pressure physical properties;
the subscript i indicates the number of the multi-layer composite small layer, i is 1 … N.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
Example one
The gas well has 4 small layers, the medium depth, the effective thickness, the permeability, the shale content and the original gas saturation of the small layer of the gas well are obtained according to the well logging explanation, the daily gas production and the daily water production of the small layer are obtained according to the gas production profile test, the flow pressure at the bottom of the gas well test well is 5.95MPa, and the flow pressure gradient is 0.2636MPa/100 m. The viscosity and deviation factor of natural gas at a bottom hole flow pressure of 5.95MPa are 0.013mPa.s and 0.921 respectively.
TABLE 1 gas well base data
The first step is as follows: collecting bottom hole flowing pressure test data of a gas well, and data of physical properties and yield of a small layer, wherein the data are shown in columns 2-11 in a table 1;
the second step is that: calculating bottom hole flowing pressures corresponding to the gas outlets of the small layers according to the flowing pressure and flowing pressure gradient test values, wherein the bottom hole flowing pressures corresponding to the gas outlets of 1-4 small layers are respectively 5.86MPa, 5.92MPa, 5.99MPa and 6.03MPa, and are shown in column 12 in Table 1;
the third step: calculating the water saturation of the current small layer according to the original water saturation of the small layer of the gas well, the current gas production rate and the current water production rate, wherein the water saturation of 1-4 small layers is 0.39, 0.45, 0.44 and 0.55 respectively; see column 13 of table 1;
the fourth step: according to the phase permeation experimental data of the small layers with different shale contents, a phase permeation curve equation of the small layers with different shale contents is determined through regression, 4 gas-water phase permeation curves with different shale contents are tested in the gas reservoir region, the shale contents are respectively 13%, 27%, 37% and 57%, and the figure 1 and the formulas 5-8 are shown.
The phase permeability curves of different shale contents in fig. 1 can be described by relative permeability curve functions, which are respectively expressed by formulas (6) to (9):
a phase permeation curve function with 13% of argillaceous content:
b phase permeation curve function with 27% argillaceous content:
c phase permeability curve function for argillaceous content 37%:
d phase permeation curve function for argillaceous content 57%:
the fifth step: according to the matching equation of the shale content of the small layers, the shale content of the small layers of the sample well 4 is 41.91%, 37.30%, 38.79% and 35.661% respectively; the closest phase permeability curves of the shale contents of the 4 small layers are all c, namely the shale content is 37%, and the gas relative permeability of the small layers is respectively calculated to be 1.00, 0.92, 0.97 and 0.52 by using a phase permeability curve equation (formula 8) under the shale content.
And a sixth step: calculating the formation pressure of the small layer according to a gas well productivity equation (formula 4); 5.92, 6.20, 6.25, 7.05, 7.03, 7.07 and 7.80MPa respectively.
The following matters need to be noted in the implementation process of the invention:
1. the method has high requirements on the accuracy of the bottom hole flowing pressure and the flowing pressure gradient, and the bottom hole flowing pressure and the flowing pressure gradient are accurately recorded as much as possible in the flowing pressure testing process.
2. In the fourth step of the method, the small-layer relative permeability curve is mainly influenced by the shale content, the phase permeability curve in the actual stratum is possibly more sensitive to other influencing factors, and the classification test and selection are carried out according to the main control sensitive factors of the phase permeability curve in the actual application process.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the technical scheme provided by the invention needs relatively less data, conventional well logging interpretation, well bottom flowing pressure test, yield splitting or gas production profile data and phase permeability curve test data, and the needed data is all based on conventional test and production data of gas field development without independently carrying out other test works.
2 the technical scheme provided by the invention considers the interlayer heterogeneity of the gas well, including permeability, shale content, effective thickness, original water saturation, gas-water yield difference and the like, and meets the requirement of calculating the layered stratum pressure of the multi-layer commingled production gas well under complex stratum conditions.
3, the technical scheme provided by the invention is based on the bottom flowing pressure test of the commingled production well, the bottom flowing pressure of the small stratum is converted according to the flowing pressure gradient, the stratum pressure is reversely calculated by using the gas well seepage formula, the test and the gas well seepage theory are combined, and the calculated pressure of the small stratum has high accuracy.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified and varied. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for calculating the stratum pressure of a multilayer commingled production gas well based on a flowing pressure test is characterized by comprising the following steps,
the first step is as follows: collecting bottom hole flowing pressure test data, small layer physical property and small layer yield data of a multi-layer commingled production gas well;
the second step is that: calculating bottom hole flowing pressure corresponding to the gas outlet of the small layer according to the flowing pressure and the flowing pressure gradient test value;
the third step: calculating the current water saturation of the small layer according to the original water saturation of the small layer of the gas well and the current gas production rate and water production;
the fourth step: determining a phase permeability curve equation of the rock cores with different shale contents through regression according to phase permeability experiment data of the rock cores with different shale contents;
the fifth step: calculating the gas phase relative permeability of the small layer according to the shale content matching phase permeability curve equation of the small layer;
and a sixth step: and calculating the formation pressure of the small layer according to a gas well productivity equation.
2. The method for calculating the stratigraphic pressure of the multi-layer commingled production gas well based on the flowing pressure test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first step comprises obtaining a bottom flowing pressure test value through a bottom flowing pressure test
Gradient value of fluid pressure in the middle of the zone
Obtaining data such as permeability, effective thickness, original water saturation, shale content and the like of the small layer through well logging interpretation; and acquiring the gas well gas production rate and water production rate in the testing period through field logging of production data.
3. The method for calculating the stratum pressure of the multilayer commingled gas well based on the flowing pressure test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second step comprises calculating the bottom hole flowing pressure corresponding to the gas outlet of the small layer according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the bottom flowing pressure of the gas well is expressed in MPa;
Hirepresents the depth of the ith layer in m;
i represents the number of the multi-layer composite sampling small layer, and i is 1 … N.
4. The method for calculating the stratified formation pressure of the multi-layer commingled producing gas well based on the flowing pressure test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third step comprises calculating the water saturation of the current stratum according to the following formula:
in the formula SwRepresenting the water saturation at any time, without dimension;
Swrirreducible water saturation;
qwrepresents the daily water yield in m3/d；
BwThe volume coefficient of formation water is expressed, and the dimension is not increased;
Bgthe volume coefficient of the natural gas is expressed, and the dimension is not increased;
i represents the number of the multi-layer composite sampling small layer, and i is 1 … N.
5. The method for calculating the stratum pressure of the multilayer commingled production gas well based on the flowing pressure test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fourth step comprises collecting the facies permeability experiment data of cores with different shale contents, fitting the experiment data by using an exponential facies permeability curve equation, determining the following facies permeability curve equations of small layers with different shale contents,
in the formula, a, b, m and n represent undetermined fitting coefficients, have no dimension and are obtained by regression fitting of an exponential phase permeation curve equation.
SwRepresenting the water saturation of the current stratum without dimension.
6. The method for calculating the stratified formation pressure of the multi-layer commingled production gas well based on the flowing pressure test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fifth step comprises the steps of matching a phase permeability curve equation with the closest shale content according to the shale content of the small layer, and substituting the current water saturation calculated in the third step into the phase permeability curve equation corresponding to the small layer obtained in the fourth step to calculate the gas permeability K of the small layerrgi。
7. The method for calculating the stratified formation pressure of the multi-layer commingled gas well based on the flowing pressure test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fifth step comprises calculating the formation pressure of the small layers respectively according to the following formula,
in the formula prThe pressure of the stratum of the small layer is expressed in MPa; is to be evaluated;
pwfrepresents the bottom hole flow pressure in MPa; calculated in the second step;
k represents permeability in mD; well logging interpretation is obtained;
Krgthe relative permeability of the gas phase of a small layer is expressed without dimension; calculated in the fifth step;
h represents the small layer thickness in m; well logging interpretation is obtained;
qscdenotes the small layer yield in m3D; the yield split or the gas production section is obtained by testing;
rerepresents the radius of the bleed flow in m; fitting by using an unstable typical curve;
rwrepresents the well radius in m; obtaining well completion parameters;
s represents the epidermis coefficient and has no dimension; well testing interpretation is obtained;
t represents the formation temperature in K; obtained by testing
μ represents gas viscosity, mpa.s; analyzing the high-pressure physical properties;
z represents a gas deviation coefficient and has no dimension; analyzing the high-pressure physical properties;
the subscript i indicates the number of the multi-layer composite small layer, i is 1 … N.
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