CN112030543A - 一种耐光老化的芳纶复合芯及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了属于复合材料成型加工技术领域的一种耐光老化的芳纶复合芯及其制备方法。复合芯包括:芳纶纤维、上浆剂‑抗光老化层、树脂‑抗光老化层;所述方法通过在在上浆剂和树脂中加入具有抗光老化剂,通过上浆后的纤维烘干进入浸胶槽进行浸胶,浸胶后进入预处理模具和固化模具,并由牵引机拉出成型得到芳纶复合芯。所述芳纶复合芯可以同时提高纤维和树脂的抗光老化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于复合材料成型加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种耐光老化的芳纶复合芯及其制备方法。
背景技术
芳纶纤维一种有机纤维,是继碳纤维之后的第二代高性能复合材料增强体。其自身具备多种优异的性能:纵向拉伸强度和模量较高、密度低、耐热性能和抗化学介质腐烛性强,除此之外,芳纶纤维还具有相比金属和碳纤维更加优异的介电性能,因此,芳纶纤维也有“全能纤维”之称。最初其主要目的是用来制备防弹制品,随着对其性能的不断完善,逐渐与聚合物树脂、陶瓷和金属复合在一起形成了如今在各个领域广泛使用的新一代高性能复合材料。至今,在空天领域、汽车轮胎、防弹衣、防弹装甲车、电子电器以及高端体育制品等领域已经慢慢取代了多种传统的材料,成为了一种不可或缺的结构性材。由于各领域对材料性能的要求越来越荀刻,芳纶增强高性能复合材料将在社会进步和科技发展中发挥更为重要的作用。
在实际应用中,由于其自身的一些缺陷,大大限制了其使用的领域及其在高性能复合材料市场所占的比例。例如,其分子结构刚度大、排列紧密、几乎完全以结晶的形式存在、分子表面活性官能团少、反应活性低等,这些不足之处使得纤维在与基体复合时存在浸润难和界面结合性差的问题,大大限制了其可选用的复合基体的类型。
发明内容
本发明的目的旨在提供一种耐光老化的芳纶复合芯,所述复合芯包括:芳纶纤维、上浆剂-抗光老化层、树脂-抗光老化层;
上浆剂-抗光老化层的试剂中抗光老化剂含量为0.1~5%;
树脂-抗光老化层的试剂中抗光老化剂含量为5~15%;
上浆剂包括双酚A二缩水甘油醚、E51与PEG2000乳化剂、聚乙二醇改性环环氧乳化剂、硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH560、KHJ590、乙烯基树脂其中一种或几种;
树脂为热固性树脂;
抗光老化层的试剂中抗光老化剂为ZnO、TiO2任意一种或几种。
所述芳纶纤维为Kevlar29、Kevlar49、Kevlar129、Nomex纤维、Twaron纤维、Technora纤维、Terlon纤维或者国产芳III纤维。
一种耐光老化的芳纶复合芯的制备方法,步骤如下:
1)将芳纶纤维采用牵引机牵引,通过上浆剂-抗光老化层试剂并烘干;
2)将步骤1)烘干后的芳纶纤维采用牵引机牵引通过树脂-抗光老化层试剂浸胶槽和预成型器,然后采用通过温度分区的加热成型模具对其进行拉挤固化成型,经干燥得到所述复合芯;
浸胶槽的宽度为20~30cm,长度为80~100cm。
所述预成型器包括依次间隔固定的筛板、中间收束板和出口板;所述筛板以圆心向外发散的方式设置筛孔,筛孔整体呈圆形;所述中间收束板的中心设置收束孔,所述出口板中心设置圆形出口,筛孔、收束孔和出口三者中心线重合;所述预成型器前端筛板与后端孔板总距离为10~30cm;所述孔板圆孔直径大于模具进口尺寸。
所述加热成型模具为中空的柱体,中空部分为圆台状,二者进口内径大于出口内径,圆台的进口与出口处呈喇叭状,喇叭状进出口深为10mm;前、后加热成型模具长均为80~120cm,进出口内径比值为0.8~1;外侧分别均匀包裹三部分加热装置,将其分别均分为三个加热温区,三段加热装置长度相等,长为(模具长-20cm)/3;温度为T中=(T前+10℃);T前=T后,具体的,25~500℃。
所述步骤1)烘干温度为100~120℃,烘干时间为15~20min。
所述牵引机的牵引速率为100~150mm/min。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1.本发明采用光屏蔽剂加入到上浆剂和树脂中,通过拉挤成型工艺制备芳纶复合芯具有可工程应用、简单、可重复操作、效果好,制备的芳纶复合芯力学性能好、耐老化性能好等优点,在架空导线承重芯方面存在较大的应用价值。
2.本发明加热成型模具进出口呈喇叭状,内部呈锥形,复合芯体系从开口大的一端进入,从开口小的一端出来,模具进出口的喇叭状开口使复合芯体系平滑的进出,避免刮丝。模具内部锥度的存在,使得耐水解树脂被锁住,减少耐水解层的气泡等缺陷,出口尺寸精准限定了涂覆层厚度。
3.本发明通过将光屏蔽剂加入到上浆剂和树脂的手段,使得聚合物和光辐射之间设置了一道屏障,使光不能直接辐射到聚合物的内部,令聚合物内部不受紫外线的危害,从而有效地抑制光氧化降解。通过遮蔽或反射紫外线的物质,使光不能透入高分子内部,起到保护高分子的作用,从而提高复合芯的耐光老化性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备芳纶复合芯的装置示意图;
图2为本发明加热成型模具示意图;
图3为本发明筛板示意图;
图4为本发明收束板示意图;
图5为本发明孔板示意图;
其中:1-预成型器,101-筛板,102-收束板,103-孔板,2-加热成型模具。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明:
提高芳纶复合芯耐光老化性能的方法,包括:
1)将芳纶纤维采用牵引机牵引,通过上浆剂-抗光老化层试剂并烘干;芳纶纤维为Kevlar29、Kevlar49、Kevlar129、Nomex纤维、Twaron纤维、Technora纤维、Terlon纤维或者国产芳III纤维,玻纤布为E玻璃纤维。
2)将步骤1)烘干后的芳纶纤维采用牵引机牵引通过树脂-抗光老化层试剂浸胶槽和预成型器,然后采用通过温度分区的加热成型模具对其进行拉挤固化成型,经干燥得到所述复合芯。浸胶槽进出口为喇叭形,并且胶槽边缘和进出口导有圆角,避免划伤纤维束,
3)将浸胶体通过预成型器1,将芳纶纤维均匀排列,得到预处理纤维束;预处理纤维束的截面积占预成型器1入口截面积的50%~65%。如图1所示,用于制备芳纶复合芯的装置示意图,由预成型器1和加热成型模具2,预成型器包括依次间隔固定的如图3-图5所示的筛板101、收束板102和孔板103。筛板101的圆心和以圆心向外方式设置筛孔,筛孔整体呈圆形,筛板大小、筛孔大小、筛孔数量由复合芯尺寸以及纤维股数决定。收束板102中心设置收束孔。孔板103中心设置圆形通孔,此孔进一步收束纤维。孔板中心孔直径大于加热成型模具进口孔径;筛孔、收束孔和孔板孔三者中心线重合。预处理器长度为200~500mm。
筛孔和收束孔上部还设置对应的扇形包布孔,可以实现在纤维束外侧包布的功能,进一步加强纤维束的强度,扇形包布孔盛放的包布宽度与收束孔内径相匹配,所述筛孔和收束孔的包布孔位置对应。
4)将预处理纤维束采用牵引机牵引穿过加热成型模具,并采用加热装置进行高温固化,最后由牵引机拉出,挤压成型得到固化成型芳纶纤维。牵引机的牵引速度根据树脂固化时间和加热成型模具的不同,选用不同的牵引速度,牵引速度为100-150mm/min。
加热成型模具为中空的柱体,中空部分为圆台状,如图2所示,加热成型模具进口内径大于出口内径,圆台的进口与出口处呈喇叭状,喇叭状进出口深为10mm;圆台锥度由加热成型模具进出口直径差与加热成型模具长决定;加热成型模具长为80~120cm,直径为2.5mm或6.5mm,进出口内径比值为0.8~1,根据所用树脂性能,选用不同的加热成型模具长度。
加热装置分三部分包裹在加热成型模具外侧,将加热成型模具均分为三个加热温区,加热装置紧密贴合加热成型模具,并且温控良好,三段加热装置长度相等,长为(模具长-20cm)/3。三个加热温区温度根据树脂性能设定,温度为T前=T中—10℃=T后,温度为25~500℃。
实施例1
一种在上浆剂和树脂中添加光屏蔽剂,并通过拉挤成型制备出高性能的芳纶复合芯,包括以下步骤:
(1)选用芳纶纤维(芳纶Ⅱ)和光屏蔽剂(ZnO)
(2)在上浆剂中加入体积含量1%ZnO,在树脂中加入体积含量10%的ZnO。
(3)芳纶纤维在上浆剂处理后,烘干,分别穿过树脂胶槽(长80cm,宽20cm)、预成型器、加热成型模具(长100cm,模口直径6.5mm)、履带式牵引机。
(4)预热模具,T中=210℃,T前=T后=200℃。
(5)打开履带式牵引机,设置牵引速度100mm/min。
(6)在光辐射12h后,测试其力学性能。加入光屏蔽剂后制备出的芳纶复合芯在光照后的拉伸强度比未加屏蔽剂的提高26%、模量提高34%。
实施例2
一种在上浆剂和树脂中添加光屏蔽剂,并通过拉挤成型制备出高性能的芳纶复合芯,包括以下步骤:
(1)选用芳纶纤维(芳纶Ⅱ)和光屏蔽剂(ZnO)
(2)在上浆剂中加入体积含量5%ZnO,在树脂中加入体积含量15%的ZnO。
(3)芳纶纤维在上浆剂处理后,烘干,分别穿过树脂胶槽(长100cm,宽30cm)、预成型器、加热成型模具(长100cm,模口直径6.5mm)、履带式牵引机。
(4)预热模具,T中=210℃,T前=T后=200℃。
(5)打开履带式牵引机,设置牵引速度120mm/min。
(6)在光辐射12h后,测试其力学性能。加入光屏蔽剂后制备出的芳纶复合芯在光照后的拉伸强度比未加屏蔽剂的提高35%、模量提高36%。
实施例3
一种在上浆剂和树脂中添加光屏蔽剂,并通过拉挤成型制备出高性能的芳纶复合芯,包括以下步骤:
(1)选用芳纶纤维(芳纶Ⅱ)和光屏蔽剂(TiO2)
(2)在上浆剂中加入体积含量1%TiO2,在树脂中加入体积含量10%的TiO2。
(3)芳纶纤维在上浆剂处理后,烘干,分别穿过树脂胶槽(长80cm,宽20cm)、预成型器、加热成型模具(长100cm,模口直径6.5mm)、履带式牵引机。
(4)预热模具,T中=210℃,T前=T后=200℃。
(5)打开履带式牵引机,设置牵引速度150mm/min。
(6)在光辐射12h后,测试其力学性能。加入光屏蔽剂后制备出的芳纶复合芯在光照后的拉伸强度比未加屏蔽剂的提高19%、模量提高25%。
实施例4
一种在上浆剂和树脂中添加光屏蔽剂,并通过拉挤成型制备出高性能的芳纶复合芯,包括以下步骤:
(1)选用芳纶纤维(芳纶Ⅱ)和光屏蔽剂(TiO2)
(2)在上浆剂中加入体积含量5%TiO2,在树脂中加入体积含量15%的TiO2。
(3)芳纶纤维在上浆剂处理后,烘干,分别穿过树脂胶槽(长100cm,宽30cm)、预成型器、加热成型模具(长100cm,模口直径6.5mm)、履带式牵引机。
(4)预热模具,T中=210℃,T前=T后=200℃。
(5)打开履带式牵引机,设置牵引速度110mm/min。
(6)在光辐射12h后,测试其力学性能。加入光屏蔽剂后制备出的芳纶复合芯在光照后的拉伸强度比未加屏蔽剂的提高29%、模量提高38%。
实施例5
一种在上浆剂和树脂中添加光屏蔽剂,并通过拉挤成型制备出高性能的芳纶复合芯,包括以下步骤:
(1)选用芳纶纤维(芳纶Ⅱ)和光屏蔽剂(TiO2)
(2)在上浆剂中加入体积含量2%TiO2,在树脂中加入体积含量8%的TiO2。
(3)芳纶纤维在上浆剂处理后,烘干,分别穿过树脂胶槽(长100cm,宽30cm)、预成型器、加热成型模具(长100cm,模口直径2.5mm)、履带式牵引机。
(4)预热模具,T中=210℃,T前=T后=200℃。
(5)打开履带式牵引机,设置牵引速度130mm/min。
(6)在光辐射12h后,测试其力学性能。加入光屏蔽剂后制备出的芳纶复合芯在光照后的拉伸强度比未加屏蔽剂的提高31%、模量提高29%。
实施例6
一种在上浆剂和树脂中添加光屏蔽剂,并通过拉挤成型制备出高性能的芳纶复合芯,包括以下步骤:
(1)选用芳纶纤维(芳纶Ⅱ)和光屏蔽剂(ZnO)
(2)在上浆剂中加入体积含量5%ZnO,在树脂中加入体积含量15%的ZnO。
(3)芳纶纤维在上浆剂处理后,烘干,分别穿过树脂胶槽(长100cm,宽30cm)、预成型器、加热成型模具(长100cm,模口直径2.5mm)、履带式牵引机。
(4)预热模具,T中=210℃,T前=T后=200℃。
(5)打开履带式牵引机,设置牵引速度150mm/min。
(6)在光辐射12h后,测试其力学性能。加入光屏蔽剂后制备出的芳纶复合芯在光照后的拉伸强度比未加屏蔽剂的提高45%、模量提高39%。
实施例7
一种在上浆剂和树脂中添加光屏蔽剂,并通过拉挤成型制备出高性能的芳纶复合芯,包括以下步骤:
(1)选用芳纶纤维(芳纶Ⅱ)和光屏蔽剂(ZnO)
(2)在上浆剂中加入体积含量2%ZnO,在树脂中加入体积含量10%的ZnO。
(3)芳纶纤维在上浆剂处理后,烘干,分别穿过树脂胶槽(长100cm,宽30cm)、预成型器、加热成型模具(长100cm,模口直径2.5mm)、履带式牵引机。
(4)预热模具,T中=210℃,T前=T后=200℃。
(5)打开履带式牵引机,设置牵引速度120mm/min。
(6)在光辐射12h后,测试其力学性能。加入光屏蔽剂后制备出的芳纶复合芯在光照后的拉伸强度比未加屏蔽剂的提高21%、模量提高29%。
实施例8
一种在上浆剂和树脂中添加光屏蔽剂,并通过拉挤成型制备出高性能的芳纶复合芯,包括以下步骤:
(1)选用芳纶纤维(芳纶Ⅱ)和光屏蔽剂(ZnO)
(2)在上浆剂中加入体积含量3%ZnO,在树脂中加入体积含量7%的ZnO。
(3)芳纶纤维在上浆剂处理后,烘干,分别穿过树脂胶槽(长80cm,宽20cm)、预成型器、加热成型模具(长100cm,模口直径2.5mm)、履带式牵引机。
(4)预热模具,T中=210℃,T前=T后=200℃。
(5)打开履带式牵引机,设置牵引速度100mm/min。
(6)在光辐射12h后,测试其力学性能。加入光屏蔽剂后制备出的芳纶复合芯在光照后的拉伸强度比未加屏蔽剂的提高17%、模量提高23%。
Claims (8)
1.一种耐光老化的芳纶复合芯,其特征在于,所述复合芯包括:芳纶纤维、上浆剂-抗光老化层、树脂-抗光老化层;
上浆剂-抗光老化层的试剂中抗光老化剂含量为0.1~5%;
树脂-抗光老化层的试剂中抗光老化剂含量为5~15%;
上浆剂包括双酚A二缩水甘油醚、E51与PEG2000乳化剂、聚乙二醇改性环环氧乳化剂、硅烷偶联剂KH550、KH560、KHJ590、乙烯基树脂其中一种或几种;
树脂为热固性树脂;
抗光老化层的试剂中抗光老化剂为ZnO、TiO2任意一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐光老化的芳纶复合芯,其特征在于,所述芳纶纤维为Kevlar29、Kevlar49、Kevlar129、Nomex纤维、Twaron纤维、Technora纤维、Terlon纤维或者国产芳III纤维。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述耐光老化的芳纶复合芯的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
1)将芳纶纤维采用牵引机牵引,通过上浆剂-抗光老化层试剂并烘干;
2)将步骤1)烘干后的芳纶纤维采用牵引机牵引通过树脂-抗光老化层试剂浸胶槽和预成型器,然后采用通过温度分区的加热成型模具对其进行拉挤固化成型,经干燥得到所述复合芯。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,浸胶槽的宽度为20~30cm,长度为80~100cm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述预成型器包括依次间隔固定的筛板、中间收束板和出口板;所述筛板以圆心向外发散的方式设置筛孔,筛孔整体呈圆形;所述中间收束板的中心设置收束孔,所述出口板中心设置圆形出口,筛孔、收束孔和出口三者中心线重合;所述预成型器前端筛板与后端孔板总距离为10~30cm;所述孔板圆孔直径大于模具进口尺寸。
6.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述加热成型模具为中空的柱体,中空部分为圆台状,二者进口内径大于出口内径,圆台的进口与出口处呈喇叭状,喇叭状进出口深为10mm;前、后加热成型模具长均为80~120cm,进出口内径比值为0.8~1;外侧分别均匀包裹三部分加热装置,将其分别均分为三个加热温区,三段加热装置长度相等,长为(模具长-20cm)/3;温度为T中=(T前+10℃);T前=T后,具体的,25~500℃。
7.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)烘干温度为100~120℃,烘干时间为15~20min。
8.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述牵引机的牵引速率为100~150mm/min。
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