CN112030017B - Production method of cast ingot for high-voltage anode aluminum foil - Google Patents

Production method of cast ingot for high-voltage anode aluminum foil Download PDF

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CN112030017B
CN112030017B CN202010712346.XA CN202010712346A CN112030017B CN 112030017 B CN112030017 B CN 112030017B CN 202010712346 A CN202010712346 A CN 202010712346A CN 112030017 B CN112030017 B CN 112030017B
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casting
aluminum
ingot
aluminum liquid
base
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CN112030017A (en
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李金桥
张琳
蒋文华
朱金钢
王树成
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Ruyuan Yao Autonomous County Dongguang High Purity New Materials Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
    • B22D11/003—Aluminium alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/049—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds for direct chill casting, e.g. electromagnetic casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ingot casting processing, in particular to a production method of an ingot casting for a high-voltage anode aluminum foil, which comprises the following steps: s10, flattening an aluminum-containing raw material to form aluminum liquid; s20, adding a first intermediate alloy; s30, slagging off the fully mixed aluminum liquid, pouring the aluminum liquid into a heat preservation furnace, and sampling and detecting the components of the aluminum liquid at two different positions of the heat preservation furnace; s40, adding a second intermediate alloy into the heat preservation furnace and uniformly stirring; s50, pouring the heat preservation furnace to enable the aluminum liquid to flow into a casting process; s60, in the casting process, controlling casting parameters, wherein the casting speed and the cooling water flow are changed along with the change of the casting length; s70, after casting, sawing to obtain a cast ingot. According to the invention, by controlling the casting parameters, uniform growth of crystal grains in the whole casting process is ensured, cracks are prevented from being formed on the surface of the cast ingot, and the cubic texture growth, the specific capacitance improvement and the mechanical property improvement of the subsequent process are facilitated.

Description

Production method of cast ingot for high-voltage anode aluminum foil
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ingot casting processing, in particular to a production method of an ingot casting for a high-voltage anode aluminum foil.
Background
The high-voltage anode aluminum foil cast ingot is a raw material for producing a high-performance aluminum electrolytic capacitor, and the raw materials for producing the high-voltage anode aluminum foil cast ingot at present mainly comprise three-layer refined aluminum and segregation refined aluminum: the three-layer refined aluminum is prepared by an electrolysis mode, and has the advantages of high purity, stable quality which can reach more than 99.996wt percent, and good corrosion resistance; the segregation method for refining aluminum is to utilize the principle of metal segregation, solidify aluminum liquid with few impurities first and purify the aluminum liquid through multiple times of segregation, and has the advantages of low energy consumption and low cost, can meet the purity requirement of the electronic foil, but has low corrosion resistance and unstable mechanical property. The refined aluminum produced by the three-layer method and the segregation method has own characteristics in the content of certain elements due to different preparation principles. Therefore, the control of the trace elements of the raw materials, the proportion matching of the three-layer method and the segregation method and the element content control of the final finished product are the precondition for ensuring the production quality of the high-voltage anode foil ingot. At present, due to the limitation of each production process, the high-voltage anode foil ingot prepared by adopting the two raw materials has uneven grain distribution, and has adverse effects on the subsequent processes of soaking, hot rolling, cold rolling, annealing, corrosion formation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a production method of an ingot for a high-voltage anode aluminum foil, which ensures uniform growth of crystal grains in the whole casting process, prevents cracks from forming on the surface of the ingot, and is beneficial to the growth of a cubic texture, the improvement of specific capacitance and the improvement of mechanical properties of subsequent procedures.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the production method of the cast ingot for the high-voltage anode aluminum foil comprises the following steps:
s10, putting aluminum-containing raw materials into a smelting furnace for leveling to obtain aluminum liquid, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 800 ℃, and stirring the aluminum liquid to fully mix various raw materials;
s20, adding a first intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid obtained in the step S10, and stirring simultaneously to fully mix and stir various raw materials uniformly;
s30, pouring the aluminum liquid uniformly mixed in the step S20 into a heat preservation furnace, and stirring simultaneously; after all the aluminum liquid is poured into the heat preservation furnace, sampling and detecting the components of the aluminum liquid at two different positions of the heat preservation furnace;
s40, when the components of the aluminum liquid sampled and detected at two different positions in the step S30 are consistent, adding a second intermediate alloy into the heat preservation furnace, and stirring for 20-60 min again after the second intermediate alloy is added;
s50, after the components are uniformly mixed and are kept still in the step S40, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 790 ℃, carrying out a casting preparation stage, and pouring the heat preservation furnace to enable the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation furnace to enter a crystallizer for casting; the ingot obtained by solidification and forming of the aluminum liquid falls, and the ingot solidified and formed in the falling process is contacted with cooling water for rapid cooling;
s60, in the casting process, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 765 ℃, controlling the falling speed of the cast ingot to be 35-100 mm/min, controlling the flow of cooling water to be 1000-6000L/min, and controlling the temperature of the casting cooling water to be 20-45 ℃;
s70, after casting, sawing to obtain a cast ingot.
The production method of the cast ingot for the high-voltage anode aluminum foil fully stirs and mixes the aluminum-containing raw material in the melting and heat preservation processes, and monitors the condition of uneven components in the mixing process; calculating the amount of the intermediate alloy to be added, and fully mixing; the casting parameters are strictly controlled in the casting process, and the cracks of the cast ingot are avoided. The production method can obtain the ingot with uniformly distributed crystal grains, prevent cracks from forming on the surface of the ingot, and is beneficial to the growth of the cubic texture, the improvement of the specific capacitance and the improvement of the mechanical property of the subsequent process.
Preferably, in step S10, the aluminum-containing raw material comprises the following components by mass fraction:
a. 50 wt% -100 wt% of segregation method refined aluminum;
b. 0 wt% -50 wt% of three-layer refined aluminum;
c. 0 wt% -20 wt% of high-precision aluminum waste;
wherein the sum of the mass fractions of the three components a, b and c is 100 wt%, and the content of aluminum in the aluminum-containing raw material is as follows: al is more than or equal to 99.98 wt%, and the aluminum-containing raw material contains 0 ppm-200 ppm of impurity elements, and the impurity elements comprise: fe: 5ppm to 40 ppm; cu: 5ppm to 80 ppm; mg: 0ppm to 10 ppm; si: 10ppm to 40 ppm; zn: 1ppm to 20ppm of the impurity elements further include: one or more of lead, vanadium, boron and titanium, and the total content is 0ppm to 10 ppm; of course, the impurity elements of the present invention may include other unexhausted elements.
Preferably, in step S20, the first intermediate alloy is selected from Al-Fe alloy, Al-Cu alloy and Al-Si alloy. The first intermediate alloy with larger dosage is firstly added with aluminum liquid and stirred evenly. The first intermediate alloy is not limited to the three aluminum alloys listed above, and other types of aluminum alloys may be used as the first intermediate alloy according to the composition requirements of the ingot.
Preferably, in step S40, the second intermediate alloy is one or more selected from Al-Fe alloy, Al-Si alloy, Al-Cu alloy, and elemental Zn, and the adding position is at the molten aluminum stirring position. The adding mode of the second intermediate alloy is added according to different modes according to the physical properties of various second intermediate alloys, so that the surface properties of the intermediate alloys are prevented from changing. The second intermediate alloy is not limited to the four types listed above, and other types of aluminum alloys and metal elements may be used as the second intermediate alloy according to the composition requirements of the ingot.
Preferably, in step S40, the second intermediate alloy is elemental Zn. Because the chemical property of the simple substance Zn is more active and is easy to oxidize, the Zn is put into the aluminum liquid at the highest speed, and the oxidation of the Zn by high-temperature furnace gas before the addition of the aluminum liquid is prevented, thereby influencing the melting of the intermediate alloy and the accuracy of the components.
Preferably, the addition amount of the second intermediate alloy is calculated and determined according to the detection result of the aluminum liquid component in the step S30, and the second intermediate alloy can be uniformly divided into multiple parts for multiple times of addition. The adoption of a small amount of repeated addition mode is convenient for the full mixing of the intermediate alloy and the aluminum liquid.
Preferably, in step S50, the crystallizer includes a base, a water bucket hermetically connected to the periphery of the base in a surrounding manner, and a hydraulic component connected to the base, one end of the water jacket is communicated with the circulating water pump, an inclined plane is arranged at the bottom of the water jacket and faces the ingot, a plurality of groups of water holes are uniformly distributed on the inclined plane, and cooling water is sprayed to the surface of the ingot through the water holes.
Preferably, in step S50, the casting process includes the steps of:
s51, before casting, the hydraulic component drives the base to ascend until the distance between the base and the top surface of the crystallizer is H1, the water hole is located below the bottom surface of the base, and cooling water in the water hole flows into the casting well;
s52, when casting, the aluminum liquid enters the crystallizer through the distribution flow plate, the contact surface of the aluminum liquid and the inner wall of the crystallizer is larger and larger as the amount of the aluminum liquid is increased, when the distance between the liquid level of the aluminum liquid and the top surface of the crystallizer is H2, the hydraulic component is started to drive the base to fall at the speed of 35-100 mm/min, and the aluminum liquid on the base is gradually solidified and formed to form a cast ingot;
s53, when the ingot falls along with the base, cooling water sprayed from the water holes contacts with the ingot shell to rapidly cool the ingot; and (3) adding aluminum liquid into the crystallizer while the ingot casting descends along with the base, wherein the distance between the liquid level of the aluminum liquid and the top surface of the crystallizer is kept to be H2 all the time when the aluminum liquid is added.
Before casting, aluminum liquid passes through a degassing chamber, argon is introduced to carry out dehydrogenation, magnesium removal and bubble removal on the aluminum liquid, and then the aluminum liquid enters a deep bed filter to filter impurities so as to prevent the aluminum liquid from being mixed with impurity slag.
Preferably, the value range of H1 is 70-100 mm, and the value range of H2 is 20-50 mm; the distance between the upper end face of the base and the upper end face of the inclined plane is the casting length K, the casting speed is increased within the range of 35-100 mm/min along with the increase of the casting length K, and the cooling water flow is increased within the range of 1000-6000L/min along with the increase of the casting length K. In the present invention, the combination of the variation of the casting speed and the cooling water flow is a main factor influencing the grain size of the ingot. The casting speed and the cooling water flow are continuously changed from the beginning to the steady state, and specifically:
and (4) opening cooling water after the height H1 between the base and the top surface of the crystallizer is adjusted, wherein the flow rate of the cooling water is the initial flow L1. The molten aluminum enters the base from the vertical pipe of the distribution flow plate until the filling height reaches H2, the hydraulic system is started, the casting speed V1 is the initial speed, the casting length K is increased from 0, and the casting length K reaches a fixed value KnBefore (not more than 500mm), the water flow L and the casting speed V are continuously and linearly changed, and the specific change rule is that the water flow L is increased by 15-20% and the casting speed V is increased by 4-6% when the casting length K is increased by 50 mm. When the casting length reaches a constant value KnThe post speed and water flow are not changed any more, and the casting is continued at a certain value until the end.
Preferably, the diameter of the water hole is 2 mm-5 mm; an included angle alpha is arranged between the water outlet direction of the water holes and the vertical direction of the inner wall of the crystallizer, and the angle range of the included angle alpha is 15-50 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, casting parameters are controlled, uniform growth of crystal grains in the whole casting process is ensured, cracks are prevented from being formed on the surface of the cast ingot, and cubic texture growth, specific capacitance improvement and mechanical property improvement of subsequent procedures are facilitated;
the invention adds the intermediate alloy according to different modes according to the physical properties of various intermediate alloys, adopts a casting method for the intermediate alloy with stable chemical properties and high melting point, and adopts a molten aluminum sealing method for the intermediate alloy with active chemical properties and low melting point, thereby preventing the surface properties of the intermediate alloy from changing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a method for producing an ingot for a high-voltage anode aluminum foil according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram I of the operation of the crystallizer of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram II of the operation of the crystallizer of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing of a method for detecting the number of grains of an ingot slice;
FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph of a slice of an ingot from example one;
FIG. 6 is a photomicrograph of a slice of an ingot from example two;
FIG. 7 is a photomicrograph of a slice of the ingot from example III;
FIG. 8 is a photomicrograph of a slice of the ingot of example four;
FIG. 9 is a photomicrograph of a slice of the ingot from example V.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but it is not intended to indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific circumstances.
Example one
Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a method for producing an ingot for a high-voltage anode aluminum foil, comprising the steps of:
s10, putting aluminum-containing raw materials into a smelting furnace for leveling to obtain aluminum liquid, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be 700-800 ℃, and stirring the aluminum liquid to fully mix various raw materials;
s20, adding a first intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid obtained in the step S10, and stirring simultaneously to fully mix and stir various raw materials uniformly;
s30, pouring the aluminum liquid uniformly mixed in the step S20 into a heat preservation furnace, and stirring simultaneously; after all the aluminum liquid is poured into the heat preservation furnace, sampling and detecting the components of the aluminum liquid at two different positions of the heat preservation furnace;
s40, when the components of the aluminum liquid sampled and detected at two different positions in the step S30 are consistent, adding a second intermediate alloy into the heat preservation furnace, stirring for 20-60 min after the second intermediate alloy is added, and ensuring the melting and the component uniformity of the added second intermediate alloy, wherein the using amount of the second intermediate alloy is less than that of the first intermediate alloy;
s50, after the components are uniformly mixed and stand in the step S40, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be 700-790 ℃, performing a casting preparation stage, pouring the heat preservation furnace to enable the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation furnace to enter a crystallizer for casting, and performing casting as shown in figure 2; the ingot obtained by the solidification and the forming of the aluminum liquid falls, and the ingot solidified and formed in the falling process is contacted with cooling water to be rapidly cooled, as shown in figure 3;
s60, in the casting process, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be 700-765 ℃, controlling the falling speed of the cast ingot to be 35-100 mm/min, controlling the flow of cooling water to be 1000-6000L/min, and controlling the temperature of the casting cooling water to be 20-45 ℃;
s70, after casting, sawing to obtain a cast ingot.
In step S10, the aluminum-containing raw material includes the following components by mass:
a. 50 wt% -100 wt% of segregation method refined aluminum;
b. 0 wt% -50 wt% of three-layer refined aluminum;
c. 0 wt% -20 wt% of high-precision aluminum waste;
wherein the sum of the mass fractions of the three components a, b and c is 100 wt%, and the content of aluminum in the aluminum-containing raw material is as follows: al is more than or equal to 99.98 wt%, and the aluminum-containing raw material contains 0 ppm-200 ppm of impurity elements, and the impurity elements comprise: fe: 5ppm to 40 ppm; cu: 5ppm to 80 ppm; mg: 0ppm to 10 ppm; si: 10ppm to 40 ppm; zn: 1ppm to 20ppm of the impurity elements further include: one or more of lead, vanadium, boron and titanium, and the total content is 0ppm to 10ppm, although the impurity elements of the embodiment may also include other unexhausted elements. It should be noted that the mass fractions of the three components a, b, and c in this embodiment can be adjusted to obtain ingots with different properties.
In this embodiment, the aluminum-containing raw material comprises the following components in parts by mass: a. 100 wt% of segregation refined aluminum; b. 0 wt% of three-layer refined aluminum; c. 0 wt% high-precision aluminum scrap;
in step S20, the first intermediate alloy is selected from Al-Fe, Al-Cu, and Al-Si. The first intermediate alloy is not limited to the three aluminum alloys listed above, and other aluminum alloys or metal simple substances may be used as the first intermediate alloy according to the composition requirements of the ingot. The first intermediate alloy with larger dosage is firstly added with aluminum liquid and stirred evenly.
In the step S30, the molten aluminum components at two different positions of the holding furnace are monitored, the addition amount of the second intermediate alloy is calculated according to the detection result, and the ingot casting components can be accurately controlled.
In step S40, when the second master alloy of the present embodiment is selected from one of Al — Fe alloy, Al — Si alloy, Al — Cu alloy, and elemental Zn, the second master alloy is added in the following manner: the adding position is at the aluminum liquid stirring position. The second intermediate alloy is not limited to the four types listed above, and other types of aluminum alloys or metal simple substances may be used as the second intermediate alloy according to the composition requirements of the ingot. The adding mode of the second intermediate alloy is added according to different modes according to the physical properties of various second intermediate alloys, so that the surface properties of the intermediate alloys are prevented from changing.
In step S40, when the second intermediate alloy of this embodiment is elemental Zn, since the elemental Zn is relatively active in chemical property and is easily oxidized, the Zn is put into the aluminum liquid at the fastest speed, and is prevented from being oxidized by the high-temperature furnace gas before being added into the aluminum liquid, thereby affecting the melting of the intermediate alloy and the accuracy of the components.
The second master alloy of this embodiment is added in different ways according to the physical properties of the various types of second master alloys. The second intermediate alloy can be added once or uniformly divided into multiple parts for multiple times according to the addition amount, and when the addition amount is larger, the second intermediate alloy is uniformly divided into multiple parts for multiple times for fully mixing the second intermediate alloy with the aluminum liquid.
In the step S50, the crystallizer comprises a base, a water jacket which is connected to the periphery of the base in a surrounding and sealing mode, and a hydraulic component which is connected with the base, wherein one end of the water jacket is communicated with a circulating water pump, the bottom of the water jacket is provided with an inclined plane which faces the ingot, a plurality of groups of water holes are uniformly distributed on the inclined plane, and cooling water is sprayed to the surface of the ingot through the water holes; the casting process comprises the following steps:
s51, before casting, the hydraulic component drives the base to ascend until the distance between the base and the top surface of the crystallizer is H1, the water hole is located below the bottom surface of the base, and cooling water in the water hole flows into the casting well;
s52, when casting, the aluminum liquid enters the crystallizer through the distribution flow plate, the contact surface of the aluminum liquid and the inner wall of the crystallizer is larger and larger as the amount of the aluminum liquid is increased, when the distance between the liquid level of the aluminum liquid and the top surface of the crystallizer is H2, the hydraulic component is started to drive the base to fall at the speed of 35-100 mm/min, and the aluminum liquid on the base is gradually solidified and formed to form a cast ingot;
s53, when the ingot falls along with the base, cooling water sprayed from the water holes contacts with the ingot shell to rapidly cool the ingot; and (3) adding aluminum liquid into the crystallizer while the ingot casting descends along with the base, wherein the distance between the liquid level of the aluminum liquid and the top surface of the crystallizer is kept to be H2 all the time when the aluminum liquid is added.
Wherein the diameter of the water hole is 2 mm-5 mm; an included angle alpha is formed between the water outlet direction of the water holes and the vertical direction of the inner wall of the crystallizer, and the angle range of the included angle alpha is 15-50 degrees; h1 is 70-100 mm, H2 is 20-50 mm; the distance between the upper end surface of the base and the upper end surface of the inclined plane is the casting length K, the casting speed is increased along with the increase of the casting length K, and the cooling water flow is increased along with the increase of the casting length K. The base drop velocity V (i.e. the casting speed), the cooling water flow rate L are continuously varied from the start of casting to before entering the steady state: the casting speed is high, the insufficient cooling can be caused by small cooling water flow, the appearance quality of the surface of the cast ingot is poor, the cast ingot shell is not completely solidified when contacting water flow in serious conditions, and the liquid aluminum contacts the water flow to cause water vapor explosion; the casting speed is slow, excessive cooling can be caused by large cooling water flow, and the surface cracks of the cast ingot can be caused by excessive cooling strength to influence the product quality. Specifically, the casting speed V, the cooling water flow rate L, and the molten aluminum temperature of the present embodiment are changed along with the casting length K in the form of table 1, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 example I variation of parameters of casting speed, cooling water flow rate as a function of casting length
Figure BDA0002597017950000071
When the casting length reaches a certain fixed value (not more than 500mm), the casting speed and the cooling water flow rate are not changed any more, and are stabilized at the current values until the casting is finished.
The ingot slice obtained in step S70 is divided into two straight lines in the slice horizontal direction cd and the vertical direction ab, and the size of the crystal grain is determined by the number of crystal grains that the straight line passes through, as shown in fig. 4, the larger the number of crystal grains that the straight line passes through, the smaller the crystal grain is, and the larger the crystal grain is otherwise. The photomicrograph of the ingot slice of this example is shown in FIG. 5, the number of grains is shown in Table 4, the ratio of the number of grains on the straight line ab to the number of grains on the straight line cd is 0.34, and the difference from the ratio of the length of the straight line 0.36 is 0.02 (5.56%), which is substantially coincident with the above. Therefore, through the steps, the uniform growth of crystal grains in the whole casting process can be effectively ensured by controlling the casting parameters, cracks are effectively prevented from being formed on the surface of the cast ingot, and the cubic texture growth, the specific capacitance improvement and the mechanical property improvement of the subsequent process are facilitated.
Example two
The present embodiment is similar to the embodiments, but the differences are: in this embodiment, the aluminum-containing raw material comprises the following components in parts by mass: a. 50 wt% of segregation refined aluminum; b. 50 wt% of three-layer refined aluminum; c. 0 wt% high-precision aluminum scrap; in addition, in the present embodiment, the casting speed V, the cooling water flow rate L, and the molten aluminum temperature are changed in accordance with the casting length K in accordance with the change pattern shown in table 1, as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 variation of casting speed and cooling water flow rate as a function of casting length in example two
Figure BDA0002597017950000081
When the casting length reaches a certain fixed value (not more than 500mm), the casting speed and the cooling water flow rate are not changed any more, and are stabilized at the current values until the casting is finished.
The ingot obtained by casting according to the casting parameters and the procedure of example one was sliced, and the micrograph of the sliced ingot of this example is shown in fig. 6, the number of crystal grains is shown in table 4, the ratio of the number of crystal grains on the straight line ab to the number of crystal grains on the straight line cd is 0.35, and the difference from the ratio of the length of the straight line 0.36 is 0.01 (2.78%), which is substantially coincident with the above. Therefore, through the steps, the uniform growth of crystal grains in the whole casting process can be effectively ensured by controlling the casting parameters.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment is similar to the embodiments, except that in the present embodiment, the aluminum-containing raw material comprises the following components by mass: a. 50 wt% of segregation refined aluminum; b. 30 wt% of three-layer refined aluminum; c. 20 wt% high-precision aluminum scrap; in addition, in the present example, the casting speed V, the cooling water flow rate L, and the molten aluminum temperature are changed in accordance with the casting length K in accordance with the change pattern shown in table 1, as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 variation of casting speed and cooling water flow rate as a function of casting length in EXAMPLE III
Figure BDA0002597017950000091
When the casting length reaches a certain fixed value (not more than 500mm), the casting speed and the cooling water flow rate are not changed any more, and are stabilized at the current values until the casting is finished.
The ingot obtained by casting according to the casting parameters and the procedure of example one was sliced, and the micrograph of the sliced ingot of this example is shown in fig. 7, the number of crystal grains is shown in table 4, the ratio of the number of crystal grains on the straight line ab to the number of crystal grains on the straight line cd is 0.38, and the difference from the ratio of the length of the straight line 0.36 is 0.02 (5.56%), which is substantially coincident with the above.
Therefore, through the steps, the uniform growth of crystal grains in the whole casting process can be effectively ensured by controlling the casting parameters.
Example four
The present embodiment is similar to the embodiments, but the differences are: after step S70, a step of ingot soaking is also included. Similarly, after soaking, the ingot is sliced, two straight lines are drawn in the horizontal direction cd and the vertical direction ab of the slice, and the size of the crystal grains is determined by the number of the crystal grains through which the straight lines pass. The photomicrograph of the ingot slice of this example is shown in fig. 8, and the number of grains is shown in table 2: the ratio of the number of the crystal grains is completely consistent with the ratio of the length of the straight line, both the ratio of the number of the crystal grains and the ratio of the length of the straight line are 0.37, the difference between the ratio of the number of the crystal grains and the ratio of the length of the straight line is 0.01 (2.78%), and the difference is basically consistent, which indicates that the sizes of the crystal grains in different directions tend to be consistent after the process parameters are improved. It can be seen that the crystal grains in the ingot of the first embodiment are uniformly distributed after the ingot is subjected to soaking treatment.
EXAMPLE five
The present embodiment is similar to the present embodiment, except that the casting speed of the present embodiment is 35mm/min to 100mm/min, the cooling water flow rate is 1000L/min to 6000L/min, the two parameters do not continuously change with the casting length K, the ingot slice obtained by the present embodiment is divided into two straight lines in the slice horizontal direction cd and the vertical direction ab, and the grain size is determined by the number of grains passing through the straight lines. The photomicrograph of the ingot slice of this example is shown in fig. 9, and the number of grains is shown in table 2: the ratio of the number of the grains on the straight line ab to the straight line cd is 0.52, and the difference from the ratio of the length of the straight line 0.36 is 44.44%, which indicates that the grains are different in size in different directions.
Table 4 results of measuring the number of crystal grains of the ingot slices in the first, second and third examples
Figure BDA0002597017950000101
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The production method of the cast ingot for the high-voltage anode aluminum foil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s10, putting an aluminum-containing raw material into a smelting furnace for leveling to obtain an aluminum liquid, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 800 ℃, stirring the aluminum liquid to fully mix various raw materials, wherein the aluminum-containing raw material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
a. 50 wt% -100 wt% of segregation method refined aluminum;
b. 0 wt% -50 wt% of three-layer refined aluminum;
c. 0 wt% -20 wt% of high-precision aluminum waste;
wherein the sum of the mass fractions of the three components a, b and c is 100 wt%, and the content of aluminum in the aluminum-containing raw material is as follows: more than or equal to 99.98 wt% of Al, and the aluminum-containing raw material contains 0 ppm-200 ppm of impurity elements; the impurity elements include: fe: 5ppm to 40 ppm; cu: 5ppm to 80 ppm; mg: 0ppm to 10 ppm; si: 10ppm to 40 ppm; zn: 1ppm to 20 ppm; the impurity elements further include: one or more of lead, vanadium, boron and titanium, and the total content is 0ppm to 10 ppm;
s20, adding a first intermediate alloy into the aluminum liquid obtained in the step S10, and stirring simultaneously to fully mix and stir various raw materials uniformly;
s30, pouring the aluminum liquid uniformly mixed in the step S20 into a heat preservation furnace, and stirring simultaneously; after all the aluminum liquid is poured into the heat preservation furnace, sampling and detecting the components of the aluminum liquid at two different positions of the heat preservation furnace;
s40, when the components of the aluminum liquid sampled and detected at two different positions in the step S30 are consistent, adding a second intermediate alloy into the heat preservation furnace, and stirring again after the second intermediate alloy is added to ensure the melting and the uniformity of the components of the added second intermediate alloy;
s50, after the components are uniformly mixed and are kept still in the step S40, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 790 ℃, carrying out a casting preparation stage, and pouring the heat preservation furnace to enable the aluminum liquid in the heat preservation furnace to enter a crystallizer for casting; the ingot obtained by solidification and forming of the aluminum liquid falls, and the ingot solidified and formed in the falling process is contacted with cooling water for rapid cooling;
s60, in the casting process, controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be less than or equal to 765 ℃, controlling the falling speed of the cast ingot to be 35-100 mm/min, controlling the flow of cooling water to be 1000-6000L/min, and controlling the temperature of the casting cooling water to be 20-45 ℃;
s70, after casting, sawing to obtain a cast ingot.
2. The method for producing an ingot for a high-voltage anode aluminum foil as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first intermediate alloy is selected from an Al-Fe alloy, an Al-Cu alloy, and an Al-Si alloy in step S20.
3. The method for producing an ingot for a high-voltage anode aluminum foil as recited in claim 1, wherein in step S40, the second master alloy is selected from Al — Fe alloy, Al — Si alloy, Al — Cu alloy, and elemental Zn, and the addition position is a molten aluminum stirring position.
4. The method for producing ingots for high-voltage anode aluminum foils as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the amount of the second master alloy is calculated and determined according to the result of the detection of the components of the molten aluminum in step S30, and the second master alloy is uniformly divided into multiple portions for multiple additions.
5. The method for producing the ingot casting for the high-pressure anode aluminum foil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in step S50, the crystallizer comprises a base, a water jacket hermetically and circumferentially connected to the periphery of the base, and a hydraulic part connected to the base, one end of the water jacket is communicated with a circulating water pump, the bottom of the water jacket is provided with an inclined surface facing the ingot casting, a plurality of groups of water holes are uniformly distributed on the inclined surface, and cooling water is sprayed to the surface of the ingot casting through the water holes.
6. The method for producing the ingot casting for the high-voltage anode aluminum foil as claimed in claim 4, wherein in step S50, the crystallizer comprises a base, a water jacket hermetically connected to the periphery of the base in a surrounding manner, and a hydraulic component connected to the base, wherein one end of the water jacket is communicated with a circulating water pump, an inclined surface facing the ingot casting is arranged at the bottom of the water jacket, a plurality of groups of water holes are uniformly distributed on the inclined surface, and cooling water is sprayed to the surface of the ingot casting through the water holes.
7. The method for producing an ingot for a high-voltage anode aluminum foil as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein in step S50, the casting process comprises the steps of:
s51, before casting, the hydraulic component drives the base to ascend until the distance between the base and the top surface of the crystallizer is H1, the water hole is located below the bottom surface of the base, and cooling water in the water hole flows into the casting well;
s52, when casting, the aluminum liquid enters the crystallizer through the distribution flow plate, the contact surface of the aluminum liquid and the inner wall of the crystallizer is larger and larger as the amount of the aluminum liquid is increased, when the distance between the liquid level of the aluminum liquid and the top surface of the crystallizer is H2, the hydraulic component is started to drive the base to fall at the speed of 35-100 mm/min, and the aluminum liquid on the base is gradually solidified and formed to form a cast ingot;
s53, when the ingot falls along with the base, cooling water sprayed from the water holes contacts with the ingot shell to rapidly cool the ingot; and (3) adding aluminum liquid into the crystallizer while the ingot casting descends along with the base, wherein the distance between the liquid level of the aluminum liquid and the top surface of the crystallizer is kept to be H2 all the time when the aluminum liquid is added.
8. The production method of the ingot for the high-voltage anode aluminum foil as claimed in claim 7, wherein the value range of H1 is 70 mm-100 mm, and the value range of H2 is 20 mm-50 mm; the distance between the upper end surface of the base and the upper end surface of the inclined plane is the casting length K, the casting speed is increased along with the increase of the casting length K, and the cooling water flow is increased along with the increase of the casting length K.
9. The method for producing the ingot for the high-voltage anode aluminum foil as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the diameter of the water holes is 2mm to 5 mm; an included angle alpha is arranged between the water outlet direction of the water holes and the vertical direction of the inner wall of the crystallizer, and the angle range of the included angle alpha is 15-50 degrees.
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