CN110592397A - Casting method of aluminum ingot - Google Patents
Casting method of aluminum ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN110592397A CN110592397A CN201911000511.2A CN201911000511A CN110592397A CN 110592397 A CN110592397 A CN 110592397A CN 201911000511 A CN201911000511 A CN 201911000511A CN 110592397 A CN110592397 A CN 110592397A
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- aluminum
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- aluminum liquid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/062—Obtaining aluminium refining using salt or fluxing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/06—Obtaining aluminium refining
- C22B21/064—Obtaining aluminium refining using inert or reactive gases
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum ingot casting method, which comprises the following steps of producing aluminum oxide from aluminum ore soil by a Bayer process, preheating a mixing furnace, melting the aluminum oxide in a melting furnace, pouring molten aluminum into the mixing furnace, adding a solvent for refining, stirring back and forth for 0.5h, standing for 5-10 min, fishing out floating slag, directly introducing nitrogen into the aluminum liquid, continuously passing the aluminum liquid through aluminum oxide balls, aligning a furnace eye of the mixing furnace with a second casting mold and a third casting mold of a casting machine, keeping the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the mixing furnace at 55-70 ℃, connecting the furnace eye with a launder of the casting machine, and gradually cooling the aluminum liquid; the invention adsorbs the oxidation impurities in the aluminum liquid through the solvent, removes the non-metallic impurities and the dissolved hydrogen in the aluminum liquid through the nitrogen, has high impurity extraction rate, ensures the purity of the cast aluminum ingot, ensures the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the mixing furnace during casting, can prevent the aluminum ingot from generating air holes and cracks, and has high production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum ingot manufacturing, in particular to a casting method of an aluminum ingot.
Background
Aluminum is a silver-white metal and is present in the earth's crust second only to oxygen and silicon in the third place. Aluminum has a relatively low density of only 34.61% of iron and 30.33% of copper, and is therefore also referred to as a light metal. Aluminum is a nonferrous metal second to steel in both yield and usage in the world. The density of aluminum is only 2.7103g/cm3, which is about 1/3 times the density of steel, copper or brass. Because of the light weight of aluminum, aluminum is often used for manufacturing land, sea and air vehicles such as automobiles, trains, subways, ships, airplanes, rockets, airships and the like so as to reduce the self weight and increase the loading capacity.
The raw material in our daily industry is called aluminum ingot, which is called 'remelting aluminum ingot' according to the national standard (GB/T1196-. It is produced by electrolysis of alumina-cryolite. There are two main categories of aluminum ingots entering industrial applications: cast aluminum alloys and wrought aluminum alloys. Cast aluminum and aluminum alloys are cast by producing aluminum castings by a casting method; wrought aluminium and aluminium alloys are processed products of aluminium produced by pressure processing methods: plates, strips, foils, tubes, rods, profiles, wires, and forgings. According to the national standard, the aluminum ingots for remelting are divided into 8 marks according to chemical components, namely Al99.90, Al99.85, Al99.70, Al99.60, Al99.50, Al99.00, Al99.7E and Al99.6E (the number after the Al is noted is the aluminum content). The so-called "A00" aluminum, which is actually aluminum containing 99.7% purity, is marketed in London as "Standard aluminum".
In the prior art, the casting of aluminum ingots mainly has the following defects: air holes: the first is that because the casting temperature is too high, the gas content in the aluminum liquid is more, the surface pores (pinholes) of the aluminum ingot are more, the surface is dark, and thermal cracks are generated when the casting temperature is severe: slag inclusion: firstly, the slag is not removed completely, so that slag inclusion on the surface is formed; secondly, the temperature of the aluminum liquid is too low, and internal slag inclusion is formed: thirdly, corrugation and flash: the method is characterized in that the method is composed of the following steps of firstly, imprecise operation, too large aluminum ingot or unstable operation of a casting machine: fourthly, cracking: the cold cracking is mainly caused by that the casting temperature is too low, so that the aluminum ingot is not crystallized densely and is loose or even cracked: thermal cracking is caused by relatively high casting temperatures: ingredient segregation: the first is caused by uneven mixing during alloy casting.
Based on this, the present invention has devised a casting method of an aluminum ingot to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method for casting an aluminum ingot to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a casting method of an aluminum ingot comprises the following steps;
s1, producing aluminum oxide from bauxite by a Bayer process, converting the aluminum hydroxide into sodium aluminate by using a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution, precipitating the aluminum hydroxide again by diluting and adding aluminum hydroxide seed crystals, and reusing the remaining sodium hydroxide solution for treating the next batch of bauxite, so that continuous production is realized, the production efficiency is high, and the cost is low;
s2, preheating the mixing furnace at the preheating temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 0.5h, and preventing partial aluminum liquid solidification when the aluminum liquid is added into the mixing furnace to avoid generating impurities;
s3, melting aluminum oxide in a melting furnace, pouring molten aluminum into a mixing furnace, adding a solvent for refining, stirring back and forth for 0.5h, standing for 5-10 min, wherein the solvent can adsorb oxidized impurities in the aluminum liquid and scum is formed on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
s4, fishing out the scum of S4, directly introducing nitrogen into the aluminum liquid, continuously passing the aluminum liquid through the alumina balls, and then casting, wherein when the aluminum liquid is sent into the purifying furnace, the aluminum liquid passes through the alumina ball filtering layer and is washed by the nitrogen, non-metallic inclusions and dissolved hydrogen in the aluminum liquid are removed, and then the non-metallic inclusions and the dissolved hydrogen are discharged in succession, so that fine nitrogen bubbles are uniformly distributed in the processed aluminum liquid to play a purifying role. The nitrogen has no pollution to the atmosphere, the purification treatment capacity is large, 200-600 kg of aluminum liquid can be treated every minute, and the aluminum loss formed in the purification process is relatively reduced;
s5, aligning a furnace eye of the mixing furnace with a second casting mold and a third casting mold of the casting machine, ensuring that the liquid flow changes and certain maneuverability is realized during mold changing, keeping the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the mixing furnace at 55-70 ℃, connecting the furnace eye with a runner for the casting machine, enabling the aluminum liquid to flow into the casting molds through the runner, removing oxide films on the surfaces of the aluminum liquid by using a shovel, slagging off, moving the runner to the next casting mold after one mold is full, continuously advancing the casting molds under the action of the casting machine, and gradually cooling the aluminum liquid;
and S6, when the aluminum liquid is completely solidified into aluminum ingots, the casting machine drives the casting mold to turn over, and the aluminum ingots are demoulded to be discharged.
Preferably, the solvent is salt with low melting point, low density, small surface tension, high activity and strong adsorption capacity to the oxide slag, small flux is firstly filled into the iron cage, then the iron cage is inserted into the bottom of the mixing furnace to stir back and forth, the iron cage is taken out after the flux is completely dissolved, and the flux can be withdrawn on the surface to cover the surface as required.
Preferably, the short launder is selected for use according to actual conditions to the launder, adopts short launder, can reduce the mobile time of aluminium liquid, avoids aluminium liquid and air contact time long and take place the oxidation, can prevent to cause aluminium liquid swirl and splash when the casting simultaneously.
Preferably, the diameter of the alumina balls is 400-418 mm, and the alumina balls can remove non-metallic impurities in molten aluminum.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adsorbs oxidation impurities in the aluminum liquid through the solvent, removes non-metallic impurities and dissolved hydrogen in the aluminum liquid through nitrogen, has high impurity extraction rate, ensures the purity of the cast aluminum ingot, ensures the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the mixing furnace during casting, can prevent the aluminum ingot from generating air holes and cracks, ensures the quality of the aluminum ingot, simultaneously selects a shorter launder according to actual conditions, can reduce the flowing time of the aluminum liquid, avoids the oxidation caused by long contact time of the aluminum liquid and air, can prevent the vortex and splashing of the aluminum liquid during casting, has high production efficiency, and produces the aluminum ingot with good quality.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme of a casting method of an aluminum ingot, which comprises the following steps: a casting method of an aluminum ingot comprises the following steps;
alumina is produced from bauxite by a Bayer process, concentrated sodium hydroxide solution is used for converting the aluminum hydroxide into sodium aluminate, the aluminum hydroxide is separated out again by diluting and adding aluminum hydroxide seed crystals, and the rest sodium hydroxide solution is reused for treating the next batch of bauxite, so that continuous production is realized, the production efficiency is high, and the cost is low;
preheating the mixing furnace at the preheating temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 0.5h, so that partial aluminum liquid solidification can be prevented when the aluminum liquid is added into the mixing furnace, and impurities are prevented from being generated;
melting aluminum oxide in a melting furnace, pouring molten aluminum into a mixing furnace, adding a solvent for refining, stirring back and forth for 0.5h, standing for 5-10 min, wherein the solvent can adsorb oxidized impurities in the aluminum liquid to form floating slag on the surface of the aluminum liquid;
the dross in the aluminium liquid is fished out, directly lets in aluminium liquid with nitrogen gas in, passes through the aluminium oxide ball in succession with aluminium liquid, then casts, and aluminium liquid is when sending into the purifying furnace, through the aluminium oxide ball filter layer to suffer the washing away of nitrogen gas, nonmetal inclusion and the dissolved hydrogen in the aluminium liquid are detached, then discharge in succession, thereby make fine nitrogen bubble evenly distributed play the effect of purification in the aluminium liquid that receives the processing. The nitrogen has no pollution to the atmosphere, the purification treatment capacity is large, 200-600 kg of aluminum liquid can be treated every minute, and the aluminum loss formed in the purification process is relatively reduced;
aligning a furnace eye of a mixing furnace with a second casting mold and a third casting mold of a casting machine, ensuring that liquid flow changes and certain maneuverability is realized during mold changing, keeping the temperature of aluminum liquid in the mixing furnace at 55-70 ℃, connecting the furnace eye with a runner for the casting machine, enabling the aluminum liquid to flow into the casting molds through the runner, removing an oxide film on the surface of the aluminum liquid by using an iron shovel, slagging off, moving the runner to the next casting mold after one mold is full, continuously advancing the casting molds under the action of the casting machine, and gradually cooling the aluminum liquid; and after the aluminum liquid is completely solidified into aluminum ingots, the casting machine drives the casting mold to turn over, and the aluminum ingots are demoulded and discharged.
Wherein, the solvent is salt with low melting point, small density, small surface tension, large activity and strong adsorption capacity to oxide slag, small flux is firstly put into an iron cage, then the iron cage is inserted into the bottom of a mixing furnace to be stirred back and forth, the iron cage is taken out after the flux is completely dissolved, and the flux can be withdrawn on the surface to play a role of covering according to the requirement; the short launder is selected according to the actual condition, the short launder is adopted, the flowing time of the aluminum liquid can be reduced, the oxidation caused by long contact time of the aluminum liquid and air is avoided, and meanwhile, the vortex and splashing of the aluminum liquid can be prevented during casting; the diameter of the alumina balls is 400-418 mm, and the alumina balls can remove non-metallic impurities in the aluminum liquid.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A casting method of an aluminum ingot is characterized by comprising the following steps;
s1, producing alumina from the bauxite by a Bayer process;
s2, preheating the mixing furnace, wherein the preheating temperature is 30-50 ℃, and the preheating time is 0.5 h;
s3, melting aluminum oxide in a melting furnace, pouring molten aluminum into a mixing furnace, adding a solvent for refining, stirring back and forth for 0.5h, and standing for 5-10 min;
s4, fishing out the scum from S4, directly introducing nitrogen into the aluminum liquid, continuously passing the aluminum liquid through alumina balls, and then casting;
s5, aligning a furnace eye of the mixing furnace with a second casting mold and a third casting mold of the casting machine, ensuring that the liquid flow changes and certain maneuverability is realized during mold changing, keeping the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the mixing furnace at 55-70 ℃, connecting the furnace eye with a runner for the casting machine, enabling the aluminum liquid to flow into the casting molds through the runner, removing oxide films on the surfaces of the aluminum liquid by using a shovel, slagging off, moving the runner to the next casting mold after one mold is full, continuously advancing the casting molds under the action of the casting machine, and gradually cooling the aluminum liquid;
and S6, when the aluminum liquid is completely solidified into aluminum ingots, the casting machine drives the casting mold to turn over, and the aluminum ingots are demoulded to be discharged.
2. A casting method of an aluminum ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solvent is salt with low melting point, low density, small surface tension, high activity and strong adsorption capacity to the oxide slag.
3. A casting method of an aluminum ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that: the launder chooses for use shorter launder according to actual conditions.
4. A casting method of an aluminum ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of the alumina balls is 400-418 mm, and the alumina balls can remove non-metallic impurities in aluminum liquid.
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| CN201911000511.2A CN110592397A (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2019-10-21 | Casting method of aluminum ingot |
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| CN201911000511.2A CN110592397A (en) | 2019-10-21 | 2019-10-21 | Casting method of aluminum ingot |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112935204A (en) * | 2021-01-30 | 2021-06-11 | 兰溪市博远金属有限公司 | Manufacturing process and curing process of aluminum ingot with high physical properties |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112935204A (en) * | 2021-01-30 | 2021-06-11 | 兰溪市博远金属有限公司 | Manufacturing process and curing process of aluminum ingot with high physical properties |
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