CN112028910B - Preparation method of high-purity dimethyl zinc - Google Patents

Preparation method of high-purity dimethyl zinc Download PDF

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CN112028910B
CN112028910B CN202010794418.XA CN202010794418A CN112028910B CN 112028910 B CN112028910 B CN 112028910B CN 202010794418 A CN202010794418 A CN 202010794418A CN 112028910 B CN112028910 B CN 112028910B
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zinc
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grignard reagent
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CN112028910A (en
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姜永要
王伟
张俊杰
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Anhui Yagesheng Electronic New Materials Co.,Ltd.
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Anhui Argosun New Elecronic Materials Co ltd
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F3/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F3/06Zinc compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F3/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F3/02Magnesium compounds
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of high-purity dimethyl zinc, which comprises the following steps: 1. adding a methyl halide solution into a mixture of magnesium chips and an organic solvent under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions to prepare a Grignard reagent; 2. dissolving zinc chloride by using an organic solvent to prepare a zinc chloride solution; 3. dropwise adding zinc chloride solution into the Grignard reagent, heating and refluxing for 12 hours, and reacting to prepare dimethyl zinc solution; 4. cooling after the reflux is finished, and then, replacing the normal pressure distillation device with a receiving device, cooling the receiving device by liquid nitrogen, and controlling the temperature to be 150-160 ℃ to receive the product; 5. and (5) sampling and analyzing, and performing nuclear magnetism detection and Icp detection on the product. The alkyl zinc is prepared by adopting the reaction of excessive Grignard reagent and metal zinc halide, the cost is low, the reaction efficiency is poor, the safety is high, the introduction of organic impurities is difficult, the synthesis does not need harsh reaction conditions, the raw materials are cheap, and the operation is simple.

Description

Preparation method of high-purity dimethyl zinc
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of metal organic synthesis, in particular to a preparation method of high-purity dimethyl zinc.
Background
In recent years, semiconductor materials have been rapidly developed, wherein gallium nitride materials, by virtue of their wide direct band gap and high thermal conductivity, are widely used in high power optoelectronic devices. Zinc oxide is a new generation of short wavelength semiconductor photoelectric material after gallium nitride, and the zinc oxide wide forbidden band semiconductor material has wide application prospect and has great application prospect in the fields of sensors, batteries, ultraviolet photoelectric detection, lasers and the like. The high-purity dimethyl zinc is used as a precursor raw material of zinc oxide, is the most important raw material of semiconductor laser doping and thin film solar cells at present, and has gradually increased demands in the integrated circuit industry, and the dimethyl zinc is also commonly used for preparing organic compounds containing methyl or preparing methyl metal compounds, and is mainly used for preparing II-VI group compound semiconductors on MOCVD. There are two schemes for preparing dimethyl zinc: firstly, trimethyl aluminum and zinc chloride are reacted and diethyl zinc is added, the raw materials of the scheme are expensive, and the product contains more trimethyl aluminum and diethyl zinc organic impurities, so that the purification is not easy; secondly, dimethyl aluminum chloride is used as a raw material, diethyl zinc is added to generate dimethyl zinc under heating conditions, and colorless and transparent dimethyl zinc is obtained through normal-pressure rectification separation, but the dimethyl aluminum chloride is a byproduct of preparing trimethyl gallium, and the raw material is not easy to obtain and causes gallium pollution, so that the preparation of the dimethyl zinc is limited, and meanwhile, the preparation cost of the dimethyl zinc is greatly increased. It becomes important to solve this problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of high-purity dimethyl zinc, which adopts excessive Grignard reagent and metal zinc halide to react to prepare alkyl zinc, so that the problems of high price of raw materials and severe preparation conditions for preparing the high-purity dimethyl zinc are reduced.
The invention provides a preparation method of high-purity dimethyl zinc, which comprises the following steps: 1. adding a methyl halide solution into a mixture of magnesium chips and an organic solvent under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions to prepare a Grignard reagent; 2. dissolving zinc chloride by using an organic solvent to prepare a zinc chloride solution; 3. dropwise adding zinc chloride solution into the Grignard reagent, heating and refluxing for 12 hours, and reacting to prepare dimethyl zinc solution; 4. cooling after the reflux is finished, and then, replacing the normal pressure distillation device with a receiving device, cooling the receiving device by liquid nitrogen, and controlling the temperature to be 150-160 ℃ to receive the product; 5. and (5) sampling and analyzing, and performing nuclear magnetism detection and Icp detection on the product.
The further improvement is that: in the step 1 and the step 2, the organic solvent adopts one of n-butyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the water and impurity removal treatment is carried out before the organic solvent is used, anhydrous calcium chloride is added into the organic solvent, and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours and filtered for use.
The further improvement is that: and (3) drying and dewatering the magnesium chips before using the magnesium chips in the step (1), heating the magnesium chips to 100 ℃ and extracting the magnesium chips for 2 hours under absolute pressure.
The further improvement is that: in the step 1, methyl iodide is adopted as the methyl halide, molecular sieve is added before the methyl halide is used for removing water, and the methyl halide is used after filtration.
The further improvement is that: before the zinc chloride is used in the step 2, the sulfoxide chloride is added for heating and refluxing for 2 hours, and then the heating absolute pressure is used for pumping the sulfoxide chloride.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the alkyl zinc is prepared by adopting excessive Grignard reagent and metal zinc halide for reaction, and has the advantages of low cost, poor reaction efficiency, high safety, difficult introduction of organic impurities, no need of harsh reaction conditions for synthesis, cheap raw materials and simple operation.
Description of the embodiments
The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to examples, which are provided for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of high-purity dimethyl zinc, which comprises the following steps:
1. 2.75mol of magnesium chips and 1000ml of n-butyl ether are added into a 2L two-mouth bottle, and the two-mouth bottle is put into a normal pressure reflux device and stirred; 2.5mol of methyl iodide is dripped into the two bottles, the temperature of the bottom bottle is rapidly increased with a small amount of reflux, and after the methyl iodide is dripped, stirring is maintained for 1h, so as to obtain a Grignard reagent: methyl magnesium n-butyl ether solution;
2. dissolving 1.2mol of zinc chloride by 400ml of n-butyl ether to prepare zinc chloride n-butyl ether solution, slowly dripping the zinc chloride n-butyl ether solution into the methyl magnesium iodide n-butyl ether solution in the step 1, simultaneously carrying out rapid stirring, controlling the temperature to be 60 ℃, keeping the temperature to be 60 ℃ for reflux for 12 hours after dripping is finished, and finishing the reaction;
3. and (3) placing the liquid in an atmospheric distillation device, performing atmospheric distillation, wherein the temperature of a bottom bottle is controlled to be 150-160 ℃, the condensing temperature is controlled to be-20-10 ℃, the temperature of a liquid nitrogen receiving device is controlled to be-60-50 ℃, distilling to obtain colorless transparent liquid, weighing 97.1g, and detecting the nuclear magnetism and ICP of the product.
The material yield in the case is 85%, wherein n-butyl ether can be recycled, and the product is detected by a JNM-ECZ400S nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer: 1HNMR (400 MHz, C6D 6) delta: -0.67 (s, 6H), without impurity peaks; an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (Optima 8000) detects inorganic elements <1ppm with a purity of up to 6N.
Examples
The embodiment provides a preparation method of high-purity dimethyl zinc, which comprises the following steps:
1. adding 4.2mol of magnesium chips and 1500ml of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether into a 3L two-port bottle, putting the mixture into a normal pressure reflux device, and starting stirring; 3.75mol of methyl iodide is dripped into the two bottles, the temperature of the bottom bottle is rapidly increased with a small amount of reflux, and after the methyl iodide is dripped, stirring is maintained for 1h, so as to obtain a Grignard reagent: methyl magnesium iodide diethylene glycol dimethyl ether solution;
2. 1.8mol of zinc chloride is dissolved by 600ml of diethylene glycol dimethyl ether to prepare a zinc chloride diethylene glycol dimethyl ether solution, the zinc chloride diethylene glycol dimethyl ether solution is slowly dripped into the methyl magnesium iodide diethylene glycol dimethyl ether solution in the step 1, meanwhile, the quick stirring is carried out, the temperature is controlled at 60 ℃, the reflux is kept at 60 ℃ for 12 hours after the dripping is finished, and the reaction is finished;
3. and (3) placing the liquid in an atmospheric distillation device, performing atmospheric distillation, wherein the temperature of a bottom bottle is controlled to be 150-160 ℃, the condensing temperature is controlled to be-20-10 ℃, the temperature of a liquid nitrogen receiving device is controlled to be-60-50 ℃, distilling to obtain colorless transparent liquid, weighing 149.5g, and detecting the nuclear magnetism and ICP of the product.
The material yield in the case is 87%, wherein diethylene glycol dimethyl ether can be recycled, and the product is detected by a JNM-ECZ400S nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer: 1HNMR (400 MHz, C6D 6) delta, -0.67 (s, 6H), no impurity peak; an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (Optima 8000) detects inorganic elements <1ppm with a purity of up to 6N.
The Grignard reagent preparation reaction formula is:
Figure SMS_1
the reaction equation for preparing the dimethyl zinc is as follows:
Figure SMS_2
the alkyl zinc is prepared by adopting the reaction of excessive Grignard reagent and metal zinc halide, the cost is low, the reaction efficiency is poor, the safety is high, the introduction of organic impurities is difficult, the synthesis does not need harsh reaction conditions, the raw materials are cheap, and the operation is simple.

Claims (3)

1. The preparation method of the high-purity dimethyl zinc is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1. adding a methyl halide solution into a mixture of magnesium chips and an organic solvent under anhydrous and anaerobic conditions to prepare a Grignard reagent; 2. dissolving zinc chloride by using an organic solvent to prepare a zinc chloride solution; 3. dropwise adding zinc chloride solution into the Grignard reagent, heating and refluxing for 12 hours, and reacting to prepare dimethyl zinc solution; 4. cooling after the reflux is finished, and then, replacing the normal pressure distillation device with a receiving device, cooling the receiving device by liquid nitrogen, and controlling the temperature to be 150-160 ℃ to receive the product; 5. sampling analysis, and performing nuclear magnetism detection and ICP detection on the product; the organic solvent in the step 1 and the step 2 adopts one of n-butyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the water and impurity removal treatment is carried out before the organic solvent is used, anhydrous calcium chloride is added into the organic solvent, and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours and filtered for use; in the step 1, methyl iodide is adopted as the methyl halide, molecular sieve is added before the methyl halide is used for removing water, and the methyl halide is used after filtration.
2. The method for preparing high-purity dimethyl zinc according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) drying and dewatering the magnesium chips before using the magnesium chips in the step (1), heating the magnesium chips to 100 ℃ and extracting the magnesium chips for 2 hours under absolute pressure.
3. The method for preparing high-purity dimethyl zinc according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: before the zinc chloride is used in the step 2, the sulfoxide chloride is added for heating and refluxing for 2 hours, and then the heating absolute pressure is used for pumping the sulfoxide chloride.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3480654A (en) * 1965-03-12 1969-11-25 Goldschmidt Ag Th Process for preparing organo-tin, -boron, -aluminum, -silicon, -phosphorous,-zinc and -mercury compounds
WO1993010124A1 (en) * 1991-11-19 1993-05-27 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process for the preparation of di-alkyl compounds of group 2b metals
TW200745144A (en) * 2006-04-24 2007-12-16 Ube Industries High purity diisopropyl zinc and its method for manufacture
CN104774214A (en) * 2015-04-28 2015-07-15 河南承明光电新材料股份有限公司 Preparation method for dimethylzinc
CN105669722A (en) * 2016-03-02 2016-06-15 南京大学 Method for preparing high-purity dimethylzine by utilizing prepared trimethyl gallium by-product

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3480654A (en) * 1965-03-12 1969-11-25 Goldschmidt Ag Th Process for preparing organo-tin, -boron, -aluminum, -silicon, -phosphorous,-zinc and -mercury compounds
WO1993010124A1 (en) * 1991-11-19 1993-05-27 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Process for the preparation of di-alkyl compounds of group 2b metals
TW200745144A (en) * 2006-04-24 2007-12-16 Ube Industries High purity diisopropyl zinc and its method for manufacture
CN104774214A (en) * 2015-04-28 2015-07-15 河南承明光电新材料股份有限公司 Preparation method for dimethylzinc
CN105669722A (en) * 2016-03-02 2016-06-15 南京大学 Method for preparing high-purity dimethylzine by utilizing prepared trimethyl gallium by-product

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