CN112028551B - 3D printing geopolymer for complex rock physical model and use method thereof - Google Patents
3D printing geopolymer for complex rock physical model and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
- B33Y70/10—Composites of different types of material, e.g. mixtures of ceramics and polymers or mixtures of metals and biomaterials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00181—Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
Abstract
The invention discloses a 3D printing geopolymer for a complex rock physical model and a using method thereof. The alkali activator powder can be one of sodium silicate powder and potassium silicate powder. The strong alkali powder can be one of sodium hydroxide powder and potassium hydroxide. The cooling liquid can be one of absolute ethyl alcohol, isopropanol and glycerol. The invention has excellent grain size grading distribution and good powder laying effect; the viscosity of the binder is low, and the sprayed binder can be uniformly distributed in the existing geopolymer powder; the preparation of the physical model of the multi-strength rock material and the complex rock mass can be realized by controlling the concentration and the components of the binder. The invention also provides a method for powder-bonded 3D printing using the geopolymer composite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering and inorganic materials, in particular to a powder bonding 3D printing geopolymer for a complex rock physical model and a using method thereof.
Background
The construction of major infrastructure and energy engineering is a major need for national sustainable development. Various safety accidents and geological disasters in the engineering are closely related to the complex rock mass structure, and the research on the catastrophe mechanism and the damage characteristic of the complex rock mass structure is the basis for ensuring the safety of major infrastructure and energy engineering. However, as the complex rock mass has rock materials with various strengths and has discontinuous bodies and surfaces such as cracks, no mature method for manufacturing the three-dimensional physical model of the complex rock mass exists internationally at present.
The 3D printing technology is an emerging technology in recent years, including many aspects of advanced technical knowledge, and has a high technological content of manufacturing technology, which has a very high degree of flexibility and automation, and has been used in the fields of biomedical, aerospace, mold manufacturing, electronic information manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, and the like. Among them, the powder bonding 3D printing technology is one of the widely applied technologies. The technology comprises the steps of firstly laying powder, then spraying adhesive on the laid powder to bond and harden the powder, repeating the process, and stacking layer by layer to finally obtain the required three-dimensional object. The method for preparing the complex rock physical model by adopting the powder bonding 3D printing technology has great potential, develops the 3D printing material suitable for powder bonding, realizes printing of various strength rock materials, and is the basis for preparing the complex physical model. Chinese patents CN104230289A, CN104291720A and CN104744000A each disclose a 3D printing material prepared using gypsum powder. Chinese patent CN106800391A discloses a cement-based composite material for powder-bonded 3D printing and a powder-bonded 3D printing method using the same. In these patents, gypsum powder or cement-based powder materials are used primarily, and the binder is primarily water, with only one powder being laid at a time. There is only one intensity of material printed at a time. However, the complex rock mass comprises rock materials with different strengths such as hard rock and soft rock, and the existing powder bonding technology cannot realize simultaneous printing of rock simulation materials with various strengths.
Based on the problems, the physical model of the rock mass structure cannot be printed by adopting the existing materials and technologies, and a completely new material which can be used for the powder bonding 3D printing technology must be searched. The geopolymer is a double-component green cementing material which is composed of fly ash and industrial waste residues as main raw materials and alkali or sodium silicate as an activator. The composition of the material is different from that of cement or gypsum, and comprises two parts of silicon-aluminum phase raw materials such as fly ash and industrial waste residue and an exciting agent. Based on the method, the fly ash, the industrial waste residue and the like can be paved as powder, the exciting agent is sprayed as a binder, and the preparation of the multi-strength rock material is realized by controlling the components and the concentration of the exciting agent. At present, geopolymer materials are not largely applied to the powder bonding 3D printing technology, and the main problem is that the viscosity of an adopted excitant is large, and the adopted excitant cannot be directly used as a binder to be sprayed and printed through a spray head. And the binder sprayed in the powder bonding 3D printing process is difficult to uniformly distribute in the existing geopolymer powder, resulting in that the existing geopolymer material is not suitable for powder bonding 3D printing. Therefore, there is a need to develop a geopolymer composite material suitable for the powder bonding 3D printing technology to print a multi-strength rock-like material for making a physical model of a complex rock mass.
Disclosure of Invention
The primary objects of the present invention are: the powder bonding 3D printing geopolymer composite material for the complex rock physical model is used for printing a multi-strength rock material and is used for manufacturing the complex rock physical model in the real sense.
Another object of the invention is: the method for performing powder bonding 3D printing by using the geopolymer composite material is provided, and the advantages of the powder bonding 3D printing and the geopolymer material are perfectly combined to manufacture a three-dimensional physical model with similar strength and brittleness to real rocks.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A3D printing geopolymer composite material for a complex rock physical model comprises the following components in parts by weight:
0.3-0.6 part of coal ash, 0.3-0.8 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.4-0.6 part of quartz powder, 0-0.2 part of alkali activator powder, 0.02-0.04 part of PVA powder, 0-0.02 part of strong base powder, 0-0.01 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.002-0.005 part of pyrrolidone liquid, 0.002-0.005 part of cooling liquid and 0.2-0.3 part of water.
The maximum grain diameter of the fly ash and the blast furnace slag powder is 0.1 mm.
The maximum grain diameter of the sodium silicate powder is 0.05 mm.
The maximum grain size of the quartz powder is 0.6 mm.
The alkali activator powder can be one of sodium silicate powder and potassium silicate powder, and the modulus of the potassium silicate and the sodium silicate is 1.0-3.2.
The strong base powder is one of sodium hydroxide powder or potassium hydroxide powder.
The cooling liquid is absolute ethyl alcohol, isopropanol or glycerol.
Preferably, the PVA powder is 325 meshes.
The following problems exist when printing objects using the powder bonding process: the particle size distribution of the powder material is not proper, and the powder cannot be densely paved; after the binder is sprayed on the surface of the powder, the permeability is too large or too small, and the binder is unevenly distributed in the powder material; geopolymer composites harden too quickly or too slowly and are not suitable for powder-bonded 3D printing processes. The invention solves the problems by adopting the following means: (1) by designing the proportion of the powder, the particle size distribution of the powder material is optimized, and the dense laying of the powder material is realized; (2) PVA powder with a specific proportion and variety is used, so that the permeability of the binder on the surface of the split body is improved, the permeability of the binder in a powder material reaches an ideal state, and the uniform distribution of the binder is realized; (3) the exciting agent with specific proportion and variety is used, the hardening process of the geopolymer is effectively regulated and controlled, and the matching with the printing process is realized.
A method of powder-bonded 3D printing using the geopolymer composite, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) the raw materials are divided into two groups according to the parts by weight, wherein the first group is a powder material, and the other group is a binder. The first group is: 0.3-0.6 part of fly ash, 0.3-0.8 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.4-0.6 part of quartz powder, 0-0.2 part of alkali activator powder and 0.02-0.04 part of PVA powder. The second group is: 0 to 0.02 part of strong base powder, 0 to 0.01 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.002 to 0.005 part of cooling liquid, 0.002 to 0.005 part of pyrrolidone liquid and 0.2 to 0.3 part of water.
(2) Simultaneously feeding the first group of powder materials into a stirrer to be mixed and stirred for 10 min;
(3) dissolving 0-0.02 part of strong base powder, 0-0.01 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.002-0.005 part of cooling liquid and 0.002-0.005 part of pyrrolidone solution in 0.2-0.3 part of water in the second group, and then cooling in a water bath to room temperature to prepare the binder;
(4) firstly, a first group of powder materials are laid, a second group of adhesive is sprayed on the tiled powder to bond and harden the powder, the process is repeated, and the powder is stacked layer by layer to finally obtain the required 3D object. And (4) according to the design strength of the region in the rock physical model, spraying the binder with corresponding composition and concentration in the corresponding region. The powder spreading thickness is 0.2-0.8 mm.
(5) And finally, performing later maintenance on the printed test piece to improve the strength of the material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the composition of the geopolymer composite material is different from that of cement or gypsum, and the geopolymer composite material comprises silicon-aluminum phase raw materials such as fly ash and industrial waste residue and an exciting agent. Laying the fly ash, the slag powder, the quartz powder, the alkali activator powder and the like as powder materials, and spraying the alkali and the sodium metasilicate as binders. The powder material has excellent grain size distribution, compact laying and good powder laying effect.
2) The designed adhesive has low viscosity, and the sprayed adhesive can be uniformly distributed in the existing geopolymer powder
3) The preparation of the physical model of the multi-strength rock material and the complex rock mass can be realized by controlling the concentration and the components of the binder.
Detailed Description
A powder bonding 3D printing geopolymer composite material for a complex rock physical model comprises the following components in parts by weight:
0.3-0.6 part of fly ash, 0.3-0.8 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.4-0.6 part of quartz powder, 0-0.2 part of alkali hair agent powder, 0.02-0.04 part of PVA powder, 0-0.02 part of strong base powder, 0-0.01 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.002-0.005 part of pyrrolidone liquid, 0.002-0.005 part of cooling liquid and 0.2-0.3 part of water.
The loss on ignition of the fly ash is 8.2 percent, the water content is 0.08 percent, the fineness is 26.5 percent of the residue of a square-hole sieve with the fineness of 45 mu m, and the maximum particle size is 0.1 mm.
The density of the blast furnace slag powder is 2.8g/cm3A specific surface area of 350m2Per kg, water content 0.3%, maximum particle size 85 μm.
The modulus of the sodium silicate powder is 1.0-3.2, and the density is 2.6g/cm3。
The PVA powder is 325 meshes, and the density is 1.19-1.31 g/cm3。
The quartz powder has an average particle size of 350 μm, a maximum particle size of 0.6mm, and a specific surface area of 0.155m2/g。
The alkali activator powder can be one of sodium silicate powder and potassium silicate powder, and the modulus of the potassium silicate and the sodium silicate is 1-3.2.
The strong alkali powder can be one of sodium hydroxide powder and potassium hydroxide powder.
The cooling liquid can be one of absolute ethyl alcohol, isopropanol and glycerol.
A method of powder-bonded 3D printing using the geopolymer composite, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) the raw materials are divided into two groups according to the parts by weight, wherein the first group is a powder material, and the other group is a binder. The first group is: 0.3-0.6 part of fly ash, 0.3-0.8 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.4-0.6 part of quartz powder, 0-0.2 part of alkali activator powder and 0.02-0.04 part of PVA powder. The second group is: 0 to 0.02 part of strong base powder, 0 to 0.01 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.002 to 0.005 part of cooling liquid, 0.002 to 0.005 part of pyrrolidone liquid and 0.2 to 0.3 part of water.
(2) Simultaneously feeding the first group of powder materials into a stirrer to be mixed and stirred for 10 min;
(3) dissolving 0-0.02 part of strong base powder, 0-0.01 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.002-0.005 part of cooling liquid and 0.002-0.005 part of pyrrolidone solution in 0.2-0.3 part of water in the second group, and then cooling in a water bath to room temperature to prepare the binder;
(4) firstly, a first group of powder materials are laid, a second group of adhesive is sprayed on the tiled powder to bond and harden the powder, the process is repeated, and the powder is stacked layer by layer to finally obtain the required 3D object. And (4) according to the design strength of the region in the rock physical model, spraying the binder with corresponding composition and concentration in the corresponding region. The powder spreading thickness is 0.2-0.8 mm.
(5) And finally, performing post-maintenance treatment on the printed test piece to improve the strength of the material.
Example 1
A powder bonding 3D printing geopolymer composite material for a complex rock physical model comprises the following components in parts by weight:
0.5 part of fly ash, 0.5 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.5 part of quartz powder, 0.2 part of sodium silicate powder, 0.03 part of PVA powder, 0.01 part of sodium hydroxide powder, 0.003 part of pyrrolidone solution, 0.002 part of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.25 part of water.
The loss on ignition of the fly ash is 8.2 percent, the water content is 0.08 percent, the fineness is 26.5 percent of the residue of a square-hole sieve with the fineness of 45 mu m, and the maximum particle size is 0.1 mm.
The density of the blast furnace slag powder is 2.8g/cm3A specific surface area of 350m2Per kg, water content 0.3%, maximum particle size 85 μm.
The sodium silicate powder has a modulus of 3.2 and a density of 2.6g/cm3。
The PVA powder is 325 meshes, and the density is 1.19-1.31 g/cm3。
The average grain diameter of the quartz powder is 350 mu m, the maximum grain diameter is 0.6mm, and the specific surface area is 0.155m2/g。
A method of powder-bonded 3D printing using the geopolymer composite, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) the raw materials are divided into two groups according to the parts by weight, wherein the first group is a powder material, and the other group is a binder. The first group is: 0.5 part of fly ash, 0.5 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.5 part of quartz powder, 0.2 part of sodium silicate powder and 0.03 part of PVA powder. The second group is: 0.01 part of sodium hydroxide powder, 0.005 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.003 part of pyrrolidone solution, 0.002 part of anhydrous ethanol and 0.25 part of water.
(2) Simultaneously feeding the first group of powder materials into a stirrer to be mixed and stirred for 10 min;
(3) dissolving 0.01 part of sodium hydroxide powder, 0.002 part of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.003 part of pyrrolidone solution in the second group in 0.25 part of water, and then cooling to room temperature in a water bath to prepare a binder;
(4) firstly, a first group of powder materials are laid, a second group of adhesive is sprayed on the tiled powder to bond and harden the powder, the process is repeated, and the powder is stacked layer by layer to finally obtain the required 3D object. And (4) according to the design strength of the region in the rock physical model, spraying the binder with corresponding composition and concentration in the corresponding region. The powder spreading thickness is 0.8 mm.
(5) And finally, sealing and maintaining the printed test piece at 20 ℃.
Printing was performed using this example, resulting in a printed structure. The printing process is smooth, and the printed structure has good integrity and good stability. The compressive strength was 2.5MPa and 5.6MPa in 3 days and 28 days, respectively. The material is suitable for simulating the mechanical characteristics of sandstone or weak structural surfaces.
Comparative examples 1 to 3
Example 2
A powder bonding 3D printing geopolymer composite material for a complex rock physical model comprises the following components in parts by weight:
0.5 part of fly ash, 0.5 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.5 part of quartz powder, 0.2 part of sodium silicate powder, 0.03 part of PVA powder, 0.01 part of sodium hydroxide powder, 0.005 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.003 part of pyrrolidone solution, 0.002 part of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.25 part of water.
The loss on ignition of the fly ash is 8.2 percent, the water content is 0.08 percent, the fineness is 26.5 percent of the residue of a square-hole sieve with the fineness of 45 mu m, and the maximum particle size is 0.1 mm.
The density of the blast furnace slag powder is 2.8g/cm3A specific surface area of 350m2Per kg, water content 0.3%, maximum particle size 85 μm.
The sodium silicate powder has a modulus of 3.2 and a density of 2.6g/cm3。
The PVA powder is 325 meshes, and the density is 1.19-1.31 g/cm3。
The average grain diameter of the quartz powder is 350 mu m, the maximum grain diameter is 0.6mm, and the specific surface area is 0.155m2/g。
A method of powder-bonded 3D printing using the geopolymer composite, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) the raw materials are divided into two groups according to the parts by weight, wherein the first group is a powder material, and the other group is a binder. The first group is: 0.5 part of fly ash, 0.5 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.5 part of quartz powder, 0.2 part of sodium silicate powder and 0.03 part of PVA powder. The second group is: 0.01 part of sodium hydroxide powder, 0.005 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.003 part of pyrrolidone solution, 0.002 part of anhydrous ethanol and 0.25 part of water;
(2) simultaneously feeding the first group of powder materials into a stirrer to be mixed and stirred for 10 min;
(3) 0.01 part of sodium hydroxide powder in the second group; 0.005 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder; 0.002 parts of absolute ethyl alcohol; dissolving 0.003 part of pyrrolidone solution in 0.25 part of water, and cooling to room temperature in a water bath to prepare a binder;
(4) firstly, a first group of powder materials are laid, a second group of adhesive is sprayed on the tiled powder to bond and harden the powder, the process is repeated, and the powder is stacked layer by layer to finally obtain the required 3D object. And (4) according to the design strength of the region in the rock physical model, spraying the binder with corresponding composition and concentration in the corresponding region. The powder spreading thickness is 0.8 mm;
(5) and finally, sealing and maintaining the printed test piece at 20 ℃.
Use this embodiment to print, the printing process goes on smoothly, and the structure's that prints wholeness is better, stability is better moreover. The compressive strength was 9.5MPa and 15MPa in 3 days and 28 days, respectively. The material is suitable for simulating the mechanical properties of soft rock.
Comparative examples 4 to 7
Example 3
A powder bonding 3D printing geopolymer composite material for a complex rock physical model comprises the following components in parts by weight:
0.5 part of fly ash, 0.5 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.5 part of quartz powder, 0.2 part of sodium silicate powder, 0.03 part of PVA powder, 0.01 part of sodium hydroxide powder, 0.005 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.003 part of pyrrolidone solution, 0.002 part of absolute ethyl alcohol and 0.25 part of water.
The loss on ignition of the fly ash is 8.2 percent, the water content is 0.08 percent, the fineness is 26.5 percent of the residue of a square-hole sieve with the fineness of 45 mu m, and the maximum particle size is 0.1 mm.
The density of the blast furnace slag powder is 2.8g/cm3A specific surface area of 350m2Per kg, water content 0.3%, maximum particle size 85 μm.
The sodium silicate powder has a modulus of 3.2 and a density of 2.6g/cm3。
The PVA powder is 325 meshes, and the density is 1.19-1.31 g/cm3。
The average grain diameter of the quartz powder is 350 mu m, the maximum grain diameter is 0.6mm, and the specific surface area is 0.155m2/g。
A method of powder-bonded 3D printing using the geopolymer composite, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) the raw materials are divided into two groups according to the parts by weight, wherein the first group is a powder material, and the other group is a binder. The first group is: 0.5 part of fly ash, 0.5 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.5 part of quartz powder, 0.2 part of sodium silicate powder and 0.03 part of PVA powder. The second group is: 0.01 part of sodium hydroxide powder, 0.005 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.003 part of pyrrolidone solution, 0.002 part of anhydrous ethanol and 0.25 part of water;
(2) simultaneously feeding the first group of powder materials into a stirrer to be mixed and stirred for 10 min;
(3) dissolving 0.01 part of sodium hydroxide powder, 0.005 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.002 part of anhydrous ethanol and 0.003 part of pyrrolidone solution in 0.25 part of water in the second group, and then cooling in a water bath to room temperature to prepare a binder;
(4) firstly, a first group of powder materials are laid, a second group of adhesive is sprayed on the tiled powder to bond and harden the powder, the process is repeated, and the powder is stacked layer by layer to finally obtain the required 3D object. And (4) according to the design strength of the region in the rock physical model, spraying the binder with corresponding composition and concentration in the corresponding region. The powder spreading thickness is 0.8 mm.
(5) And finally, soaking the printed test piece into a 20% sodium hydroxide solution, and putting the test piece into a high-temperature curing box at 60 ℃ for curing.
Printing was performed using this example, resulting in a printed structure. The printing process is smooth, and the printed structure has good integrity and good stability. The compressive strengths at 3 days and 28 days were 18MPa and 39MPa, respectively. The material is suitable for simulating the mechanical properties of hard rock.
Comparative examples 8 to 11
Claims (5)
1. A3D printing geopolymer composite material for a complex rock physical model is characterized in that: the composition and content of the geopolymer are respectively as follows by weight: 0.3-0.6 part of coal ash, 0.3-0.8 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.4-0.6 part of quartz powder, 0-0.2 part of alkali activator powder, 0.02-0.04 part of PVA powder, 0-0.02 part of strong base powder, 0-0.01 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.002-0.005 part of pyrrolidone liquid, 0.002-0.005 part of cooling liquid and 0.2-0.3 part of water; the alkali activator powder is one of sodium silicate powder or potassium silicate powder, and the modulus of the potassium silicate and the sodium silicate is 1-3.2; the strong base powder is sodium hydroxide powder or potassium hydroxide powder.
2. The 3D printing geopolymer composite material for the complex rock physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the maximum particle size of the fly ash and the blast furnace slag powder is 0.1 mm.
3. The 3D printing geopolymer composite material for the complex rock physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the grain size of the quartz powder is 0.6mm at most.
4. The 3D printing geopolymer composite material for the complex rock physical model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cooling liquid is absolute ethyl alcohol, isopropanol or glycerol.
5. A method of powder bonded 3D printing with the geopolymer composite of claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of,
(1) dividing the raw materials into two groups according to the parts by weight, wherein the first group is a powder material, and the other group is a binder; the first group is: 0.3-0.6 part of fly ash, 0.3-0.8 part of blast furnace slag powder, 0.4-0.6 part of quartz powder, 0-0.2 part of alkali activator powder and 0.02-0.04 part of PVA powder; the second group is: 0-0.02 part of strong base powder, 0-0.01 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.002-0.005 part of cooling liquid, 0.002-0.005 part of pyrrolidone liquid and 0.2-0.3 part of water;
(2) simultaneously feeding the first group of powder materials into a stirrer to be mixed and stirred for 10 min;
(3) dissolving 0-0.02 part of strong base powder, 0-0.01 part of anhydrous sodium metasilicate powder, 0.002-0.005 part of cooling liquid and 0.002-0.005 part of pyrrolidone solution in 0.2-0.3 part of water in the second group, and then cooling in a water bath to room temperature to prepare the binder;
(4) firstly, laying a first group of powder materials, spraying a second group of adhesive on the tiled powder to bond and harden the powder, repeating the process, and stacking layer by layer to finally obtain the required 3D object; according to the design strength of the region in the rock physical model, spraying the binder with corresponding composition and concentration in the corresponding region; the powder spreading thickness is 0.2-0.8 mm;
(5) and finally, performing later maintenance on the printed test piece to improve the strength of the material.
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