CN112028103A - Carbon functionalized Pr6O11Preparation method of (1) - Google Patents

Carbon functionalized Pr6O11Preparation method of (1) Download PDF

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CN112028103A
CN112028103A CN202010839082.4A CN202010839082A CN112028103A CN 112028103 A CN112028103 A CN 112028103A CN 202010839082 A CN202010839082 A CN 202010839082A CN 112028103 A CN112028103 A CN 112028103A
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acid dye
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CN112028103B (en
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郝仕油
商娟
伍轩逸
肖忠连
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Xingzhi College of Zhejiang Normal University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
    • C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
    • C01F17/206—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element oxide or hydroxide being the only anion
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
    • C01F17/10—Preparation or treatment, e.g. separation or purification
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Abstract

The invention relates to a preparation method of carbon-functionalized praseodymium oxide, which comprises the following steps: firstly, a certain amount of Pr (NO) is dissolved in an acid dye solution3)3·6H2Adding ammonia water, adjusting the pH value of the solution to a certain range, aging the mixed solution for a certain time, filtering and drying; and then heating the dried sample to a certain temperature under the protection of nitrogen by controlling the heating rate, calcining the mixture for a certain time, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon-functionalized praseodymium oxide material.

Description

Carbon functionalized Pr6O11Preparation method of (1)
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite oxide preparation, and particularly relates to carbon functionalized Pr6O11The preparation method of (1).
Background
"Green water Qingshan, namely Jinshan and Yinshan", this explains that a good ecological environment plays a decisive role in human survival. However, with the industrialization of the past decades, the environment is greatly damaged, and organic pollutants, heavy metal ions, carbon dioxide, and the like greatly break the environmental balance. In order to remove the above-mentioned environmental destructive substances, many methods such as adsorption method, membrane separation method, photocatalytic method, etc. have been proposed. Among these methods, the photocatalytic method is favored by researchers because of its low cost, easy operation, and capability of removing environmental pollutants more thoroughly. (Shima H, Hossain M M, Lee I, et al. Mater. chem. Phy.,2017,185: 73-82; Tahir MB, Kiran H, Iqbal T, environ. Sci. Pollutit. R.,2019,26: 10515-.
Numerous studies have shown that the main factors affecting the photocatalytic efficiency are as follows: (1) the absorption efficiency of the catalyst to light, particularly visible light; (2) the adsorption efficiency of the catalyst on pollutants; (3) the yield and separation efficiency of photo-generated electrons and holes. Therefore, in response to the above factors, researchers have proposed various measures to improve photocatalytic efficiency. The carbon material, such as graphene and C, has high adsorption and absorption efficiency on pollutants and visible light and is a good conductor of photo-generated electrons3N4Activated carbon, etc., are attracting much attention. (ZHang S, Li B F, Wang X X, et al. chem. Eng.J.,2020,390: 124642; Florent M, Giannakoudakis D A, Bandosz T J, appl.Catal.B,2020,172: 119038; Devi TB, Mohanta D, Ahmaruzzaman M, J.Ind. Eng.chem.,2019,76: 160-)
Among all the rare earth elements, praseodymium oxide has a plurality of different phases and has different oxygen concentrations (Abu-Zied B M, appl. Surf. Sci.,2019,471: 246-255). At normal temperature and pressure, Pr6O11The most stable is a typical n-type semiconductor, and the forbidden band width is 1.7-3.3 eV. Therefore, it has better photocatalytic efficiency (Karunakaran C, hanalaksimi R D, radiat. Phys. chem.,2009,78: 8-12; Zinatloo-Ajabshir S, Salaviti-Niasari M, New J. chem.,2015,39, 3948-. To further improve Pr6O11Photocatalytic efficiency of (3), synthetic carbon functionalized Pr6O11Is an effective way. Shnde et al are as C3N4As a carbon source, synthesize Pr6O11/g-C3N4The photocatalytic efficiency of the composite material is greatly higher than that of pure Pr6O11Or g-C3N4In (1). (blend A G, Ghugal S G, Vidyasagar D, mater. Res. Bull.,2018,107:154-163)
In the existing chinese patent literature, the relevant patents disclosing the preparation method of carbon-functionalized rare earth oxides are as follows:
CN106206068A 'preparation method of carbon nanotube composite nano cerium dioxide electrode material', discloses a method for preparing electrode material by Ce (NO)3)3·6H2O, polyvinylpyrrolidone and modified carbon nanotubes as raw materials, and a hydrothermal method is utilized to prepare the carbon nanotube composite nano cerium dioxide electrode material.
CN107335422A 'preparation method of carbon functionalized cerium oxide', discloses a method for preparing cerium oxide by Ce (NO)3)3·6H2Synthesizing CeO by taking O as a raw material and ammonia water as a precipitator2·xH2O, adsorbing the dye (dye) in the dye solution to form CeO2·xH2O @ dye by high temperature calcination of CeO2·xH2O @ dye, a process for preparing carbon functionalized ceria.
CN101264883 "method for preparing composite material with core-shell structure of rare earth metal oxide and carbon nanotube", discloses a method for preparing uniform composite material with core-shell structure of rare earth metal oxide and carbon nanotube, which comprises uniformly dispersing carbon nanotube in ethylene glycol solution of rare earth nitrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone, heating and refluxing to coat the surface of carbon nanotube with rare earth metal oxide, thereby forming core-shell structure.
As can be seen from the above documents, the carbon materials used in the preparation of carbon-functionalized rare earth oxides are generally commercial products (e.g., C)3N4Carbon nano tubes) which have weak binding force with rare earth oxides, easily cause the blocking of photoelectron conduction between the interfaces of the rare earth oxides and carbon materials, and reduce the separation efficiency of photoelectrons and cavities; in addition, although dye is used as a carbon source to synthesize the carbon-functionalized rare earth oxide, the method firstly synthesizes a precursor of the rare earth oxide, then adsorbs the dye, and synthesizes a target product through calcination, so that the rare earth oxide and the carbon in the final product cannot be uniformly dispersed, and the carbon bond forming efficiency and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the product are influenced. Aiming at the problems, the invention adopts Pr (NO)3)3·6H2O is rare earth raw material, and is uniformly dissolved in acid dye solution, ammonia water is used as precipitator, and the pH value of the solution is controlled to ensure that Pr (OH)3Uniformly separated out from the solution simultaneously with the acid dye, so that Pr (OH) in the precursor3Is uniformly dispersed with acid dye, and after calcination, Pr6O11And carbon is also uniformly dispersed. Therefore, the carbon obtained by decomposition of the acid dye is easily reacted with Pr during calcination6O11The oxygen and praseodymium in the catalyst form a carbon bond to facilitate the transmission of photo-generated electrons to the surface of the catalyst, and the related substances (e.g., O)2、H2O2) Formation of active species (e.g. of
Figure BDA0002640751740000021
·HO2HO, etc.) to completely catalyze the degradation of the dye. In addition, the uniform dispersion of carbon and rare earth oxide is beneficial to the absorption of the product to visible light, and the yield of photo-generated electrons and holes is improved, so that the photocatalytic efficiency of the product is improved.
Up to now, NO patent and related literature reports the utilization of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2O and acid dye are taken as raw materials, and Pr (OH) is uniformly separated out simultaneously3With acid dye, the carbon functionalized Pr with higher photocatalytic efficiency is prepared by adjusting the calcination temperature6O11。
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing carbon-functionalized praseodymium oxide, which has high photocatalytic degradation efficiency on organic matter (acid red 14 is used as a probe molecule).
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of carbon-functionalized praseodymium oxide comprises the following steps:
1) taking a certain amount of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in a certain amount of acid dye solution, and stirring to dissolve the O into a uniformly mixed solution;
2) at Pr (NO)3)3Adding the mixture into the acid dye mixed solution by mass percentage while stirringNH at a ratio of 25%3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution, and then aging for 2-4 h;
3) filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor;
4) placing the precursor in a tube furnace, heating to a certain temperature at a heating rate of 4-6 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 3-4h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.
In the above preparation process, Pr (NO)3)3·6H2And O is completely dissolved in the acid dye solution to form a uniformly mixed solution.
Controlling Pr (NO) during the above preparation process3)3·6H2The amounts of O and acid dye and the purpose of adjusting the pH of the solution are such that Pr (OH)3And the acid dye is completely separated out of the solution at the same time.
In the preparation process, carbon functionalized Pr with higher photocatalytic efficiency is obtained6O11The material takes acid dye red 14 and acid orange 7 as carbon sources.
In the preparation process, the aim of controlling the calcination temperature is to synthesize the carbon functionalized Pr with better photocatalytic efficiency6O11A material.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following outstanding characteristics and effects: in the present invention, Pr (NO)3)3·6H2O is completely dissolved in the acid dye solution by regulating the pH value of the solution, Pr (OH)3Precipitating from the solution simultaneously with the acid dye; due to Pr (NO)3)3·6H2O and the acid dye form a uniform mixed solution, so that they are uniformly mixed with each other when they are precipitated from the solution, and carbon and Pr are obtained as a product after calcination6O11Also homogeneously mixed; due to the acidic dye and Pr (NO)3)3·6H2O is uniformly separated out from the solution, so that carbon converted from the acid dye is easy to form carbon bonds with Pr and O during calcination, and photoproduction electron transfer is facilitated; because the product contains carbon and Pr6O11Is uniformly mixed, so the product has higher absorption to visible light; compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of ingenious, simple and feasible design and high-efficiency removal effect on pollutants such as dye and the like. From XRD (figure 1), the synthesized product has Pr at crystal planes of (111), (200) and (220)6O11The characteristic peak of the synthesized product is proved to be Pr, and the corresponding crystal face peak position is consistent with that of a standard card (JCPDS File number-00-042-6O11. After carbon functionalization, the absorption intensity of the sample to ultraviolet-visible light is higher than that of the pure sample (see the attached figure 2 for details). From the C1s XPS chart (fig. 3a), in the Carbon functionalized sample, there are distinct peaks at 284.5, 285.9, 288.1, 289.3eV, and these peaks can be assigned to C-O, C-C, C ═ C and other bonds (Teng CC, Ma CCM, Lu CH, et al, Carbon,2011,49: 5107-. After carbon functionalization, Pr6O11The adsorption efficiency to the dye is improved, and the absorption intensity to visible light is increased; the separation of photo-generated electrons and holes is facilitated after the formation of the carbon bond; therefore, the synthesized sample has better photocatalytic degradation efficiency to the related dye (acid red 14) (see the detailed figure 4).
In conclusion, the carbon-functionalized praseodymium oxide prepared by the invention has the advantages of high dye adsorption amount, high light absorption (especially visible light absorption) intensity, capability of efficiently separating photoproduction electrons and holes by a formed carbon bond and capability of efficiently degrading acid red 14 by using visible light energy, and thus has potential application value in the aspect of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
Drawings
FIG. 1 Pr6O11And C-Pr6O11XRD pattern of (a);
FIG. 2 Pr6O11And C-Pr6O11Ultraviolet-visible absorption diagram of (a);
FIG. 3C-Pr6O11C1s XPS (a) and Pr of (1)6O11And C-Pr6O11Graph (b) of fluorescence spectrum of (c);
FIG. 4 visible light illuminationDown, Pr6O11And C-Pr6O11Graph of catalytic degradation efficiency for acid red 14 (concentration of acid red 14 solution is 0.2mM, volume is 20mL, catalyst mass is 20mg, pH is 6).
Detailed Description
The production process of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
Taking 0.8g of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 80mL of acid dye solution with the concentration of 0.05mmol/L, and stirring to dissolve the O to form uniformly mixed solution; at Pr (NO)3)3Adding NH with the mass percentage of 25 percent into the acid dye mixed solution while stirring3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8.0, and then aging for 2 h; filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor; placing the precursor in a tube furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.
Example 2
Taking 0.8g of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 100mL of acid dye solution with the concentration of 0.75mmol/L, and stirring to dissolve the O to form uniformly mixed solution; at Pr (NO)3)3Adding NH with the mass percentage of 25 percent into the acid dye mixed solution while stirring3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8.5, and then aging for 3 h; filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor; placing the precursor in a tube furnace, heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 3.5h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.
Example 3
Taking 0.8g of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 120mL of acid dye solution with the concentration of 0.10mmol/LStirring to dissolve the mixture into a uniformly mixed solution; at Pr (NO)3)3Adding NH with the mass percentage of 25 percent into the acid dye mixed solution while stirring3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 9.5, and then aging for 4 h; filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor; placing the precursor in a tube furnace, heating to 650 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.
Example 4
Taking 1.0g of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 80mL of acid dye solution with the concentration of 0.05mmol/L, and stirring to dissolve the O to form uniformly mixed solution; at Pr (NO)3)3Adding NH with the mass percentage of 25 percent into the acid dye mixed solution while stirring3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8.0, and then aging for 2 h; filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor; placing the precursor in a tube furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.
Example 5
Taking 1.0g of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 100mL of acid dye solution with the concentration of 0.75mmol/L, and stirring to dissolve the O to form uniformly mixed solution; at Pr (NO)3)3Adding NH with the mass percentage of 25 percent into the acid dye mixed solution while stirring3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8.5, and then aging for 3 h; filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor; placing the precursor in a tube furnace, heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 3.5h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.
Example 6
Taking 1.0g of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 120mL of acid dye solution with the concentration of 0.10mmol/L, and stirring to dissolve the O to form uniformly mixed solution; at Pr (NO)3)3Adding NH with the mass percentage of 25 percent into the acid dye mixed solution while stirring3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 9.5, and then aging for 4 h; filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor; placing the precursor in a tube furnace, heating to 650 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.
Example 7
Taking 1.2g of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 80mL of acid dye solution with the concentration of 0.05mmol/L, and stirring to dissolve the O to form uniformly mixed solution; at Pr (NO)3)3Adding NH with the mass percentage of 25 percent into the acid dye mixed solution while stirring3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8.0, and then aging for 2 h; filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor; placing the precursor in a tube furnace, heating to 550 ℃ at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.
Example 8
Taking 1.2g of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 100mL of acid dye solution with the concentration of 0.75mmol/L, and stirring to dissolve the O to form uniformly mixed solution; at Pr (NO)3)3Adding NH with the mass percentage of 25 percent into the acid dye mixed solution while stirring3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 8.5, and then aging for 3 h; filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor; putting the precursor into a tube furnace, heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, andkeeping the temperature for 3.5h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.
Example 9
Taking 1.2g of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in 120mL of acid dye solution with the concentration of 0.10mmol/L, and stirring to dissolve the O to form uniformly mixed solution; at Pr (NO)3)3Adding NH with the mass percentage of 25 percent into the acid dye mixed solution while stirring3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 9.5, and then aging for 4 h; filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor; placing the precursor in a tube furnace, heating to 650 ℃ at the heating rate of 6 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 4 hours, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.

Claims (7)

1. Carbon functionalized Pr6O11The preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) taking a certain amount of Pr (NO)3)3·6H2Dissolving O in a certain amount of acid dye solution, and stirring to dissolve the O to form a mixed solution;
2) at Pr (NO)3)3Adding NH with the mass percentage of 25 percent into the acid dye mixed solution while stirring3·H2O, adjusting the pH value of the solution, and then aging for 2-4 h;
3) filtering, washing with water, washing with alcohol, and oven drying the aged mixture to obtain carbon-functionalized Pr6O11A precursor;
4) placing the precursor in a tube furnace, heating to a certain temperature at a heating rate of 4-6 ℃/min under the protection of nitrogen, keeping the temperature for 3-4h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the carbon functionalized Pr6O11A material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the above preparation process, Pr (NO)3)3·6H2The amount of O is 0.8-1.2 g.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the preparation process, the acid dye is one or two of acid red 14 and acid orange 7, the concentration of the acid dye is 0.05-0.10mmol/L, and the volume of the acid dye is 80-120 mL.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the above preparation process, Pr (NO)3)3·6H2And O is fully dissolved in the acid dye solution to form a uniformly dispersed mixed solution.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the above preparation, NH is used3·H2O adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 8.0-9.5 to ensure that Pr (OH)3And the acid dye is uniformly separated out of the solution at the same time.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the preparation process, Pr (OH) in the precursor3Is uniformly dispersed with acid dye, and after calcination, Pr6O11And carbon is also uniformly dispersed.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the preparation process, the calcination temperature of the precursor is 550-650 ℃.
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