CN112025136A - Aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for arc fuse additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for arc fuse additive manufacturing and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112025136A CN112025136A CN202010675222.9A CN202010675222A CN112025136A CN 112025136 A CN112025136 A CN 112025136A CN 202010675222 A CN202010675222 A CN 202010675222A CN 112025136 A CN112025136 A CN 112025136A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/28—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C
- B23K35/286—Al as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for arc fuse additive manufacturing, which consists of an aluminum strip of a sheath and flux-cored powder wrapped in the aluminum strip, wherein the flux-cored powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass of 100 percent: 1.0-3.0% of Mg powder, 1.0-5.0% of Ge powder, 5.0-20.0% of ceramic particles and the balance of Al powder. The room temperature and high temperature strength of an original Al-Si matrix are improved by adding germanium Ge, the thermal fatigue resistance of an additive manufacturing structure under the action of multilayer multi-pass welding is improved, ceramic particles with better lattice matching degree with the aluminum matrix are added to serve as heterogeneous nucleating agents, crystal grains are refined, additive manufacturing structure and performance regulation and control are achieved, anisotropy of the additive manufacturing structure and performance is improved, and meanwhile, the ceramic particles can serve as a strengthening phase along with the increase of the addition of the ceramic particles, so that the mechanical property of an additive manufacturing part is further improved.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to an aluminum alloy welding wire, in particular to an aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for arc fuse additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof.
Background art:
the additive manufacturing technology of the metal powder bed is widely applied, but the manufacturing of large precise parts which are urgently needed in the fields of aerospace, transportation and the like has obvious limitation, and particularly, certain potential safety hazards exist in the additive manufacturing of the powder bed aiming at aluminum and magnesium light alloys with active chemical properties. The safe and efficient additive manufacturing of the large-scale light alloy structural member can be better realized by adopting the arc fuse additive manufacturing technology. The application of the technology is on the premise of preparation of the high-performance special wire, and the key points are component design, tissue regulation and controllable forming, so that the high-purity purification and high-quality surface forming of the wire can be ensured, and the chemical components, the macro-microstructure and the mechanical properties of the fuse wire additive manufacturing component can be kept uniform and stable.
At present, Al-Si series wires/powder materials with excellent welding and forming performances are applied to additive manufacturing, but parts obtained after the aluminum alloy additive manufacturing have low strength, and the lightweight manufacturing requirements of high-strength parts are difficult to meet. Meanwhile, the design of the wire is mainly considered how to meet the comprehensive performance of a welding process and a welding joint, and the influence of multiple layers and multiple paths of multiple thermal cycles on the structure and the performance in the additive manufacturing process is not specifically considered. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop special electric arc additive manufacturing wires specifically for light alloys, especially aluminum alloys.
CN110885944A discloses an aluminum-copper alloy wire suitable for wire additive manufacturing, which takes Cu as a basic strengthening element, and Mn reacts with Al and Cu to form a T phase through the solid solution strengthening and dispersion strengthening effects of the Cu and the theta phase, and the T phase is precipitated in the form of dispersion particles during solid solution treatment, so that the room temperature and high temperature strength is improved. Meanwhile, a small amount of Ti and Zr elements can generate Al3Ti and Al3Zr phases with Al, and the phases are separated out as dispersed particles to refine alpha-Al grains; the addition of a small amount of Sn can promote the precipitation and dispersion distribution of a strengthening phase during aging, and the mechanical property of the aluminum-copper alloy is improved. After the material-increasing forming accumulation body is subjected to heat treatment, the structure crystal grains are fine, the distribution of the strengthening phase is uniform, the performance is stable, the transverse and longitudinal performance is uniform, and the material is an optimal high-strength and high-toughness aluminum alloy material suitable for wire material-increasing manufacturing.
CN111215786A discloses an aluminum-silicon alloy welding wire suitable for additive manufacturing, the invention takes Al-Si as main alloy, Mg2Si particles precipitated by added Mg element in the aging process are dispersed and distributed in a set, the alloy strength is improved, a small amount of Ti element generates a large amount of heterogeneous nucleation particles (Al3Ti) when the alloy is solidified, and the effect of grain refinement is achieved when the alloy is solidified. Meanwhile, the initial supercooling degree of the alloy is obviously reduced due to the introduction of Ti, the higher the Ti content is, the greater the precipitation tendency of primary Al3Ti in the fast melting and fast cooling process in the wire material additive manufacturing process is, and the stronger the heterogeneous nucleation effect is. In addition, Sr and La elements can also play a role in joint modification, and the shape of the alloy eutectic silicon is improved. After the additive forming accumulation body is subjected to T6 heat treatment, the structure is uniform, the room temperature performance and the high temperature performance stability are good, and the performance of each direction is not different.
The aluminum alloy wire material specially used for additive manufacturing is mainly characterized in that trace alloy elements such as Ti, Zr, RE and the like are added, and the trace alloy elements and a small amount of dispersed precipitated phases generated in situ with an Al matrix in the additive manufacturing process are used as cores of heterogeneous nucleation to refine crystal grains, improve mechanical properties and improve performance anisotropy. Based on the addition of microalloy elements, the heterogeneous nucleation dosage of the welding wire deposition process specially used for additive manufacturing disclosed at present has certain limitation.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for arc fuse additive manufacturing and a preparation method thereof, by adding Ge into Al matrix to form Al-Ge eutectic structure and beta-Si (Ge) solid solution, the Al matrix is formed by aluminum strip and aluminum powder, the room temperature and high temperature strength of the original Al-Si matrix is improved, the thermal fatigue resistance of the additive manufacturing structure under the action of multi-layer and multi-welding is improved, ceramic particles with better lattice matching degree with the Al matrix are added as heterogeneous nucleating agent, crystal grains are refined, additive manufacturing structure and performance regulation are realized, and the anisotropy of the additive manufacturing structure and performance is improved, because the composite powder with the ceramic particles and the aluminum powder uniformly dispersed and distributed is obtained by adopting a radio frequency plasma pre-melting mode, the composite powder can also be used as a strengthening phase along with the increase of the addition amount of the ceramic particles, and the mechanical property of an additive manufactured part is further improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for manufacturing an arc fuse additive comprises an aluminum strip of a sheath and flux-cored powder which is internally wrapped, wherein the aluminum strip of the sheath is a 4047 aluminum strip which is Al-12Si, and the content of silicon is 12%; the flux core powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass according to the total mass percentage of 100 percent: 1.0-3.0% of Mg powder, 1.0-5.0% of Ge powder, 5.0-20.0% of ceramic particles and the balance of Al powder, wherein the particle size range of the Mg, Ge and Al powder is 100-150 mu m, the purity is 99.9%, the powder filling rate is 18-30%, and the diameter range of the welding wire is 1.0-2.0 mm.
The ceramic particles are TiC, TiN, SiC, WC and Al2O3In the formula (I), the particle size is 15-30 μm, and the purity is 99.9%.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for the additive manufacturing of the arc fuse is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: pre-melting and mixing the ceramic particles and the aluminum powder by adopting radio frequency plasma to obtain composite aluminum powder with the ceramic particles distributed in a dispersed manner;
s2: adding the composite aluminum powder prepared by the S1 and Mg and Ge powder into a V-shaped powder mixer, and mixing for 30min to obtain uniformly mixed flux-cored powder;
s3: and adding the flux-cored powder prepared in the step S2 into a 4047 aluminum strip according to the required filling rate, and sequentially rolling, drawing, cleaning and winding to obtain the aluminum alloy welding wire with the required diameter.
The invention also protects the application of the aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for the arc fuse additive manufacturing in the arc fuse additive manufacturing. Particularly, the wire feeding speed is 8-10m/min, the dual-wire CMT mode, the welding current is 120-.
The aluminum alloy welding wire provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the addition of Ge can form an Al-Ge eutectic structure and a beta-Si (Ge) solid solution with an aluminum matrix in the flux-cored wire, so that the room temperature and high temperature strength of the original Al-Si matrix are improved, and the thermal fatigue resistance of the additive manufacturing structure under the action of multilayer multi-pass welding is improved;
2) the ceramic particles can be obtained by adopting a radio frequency plasma pre-melting mode and are uniformly dispersed and distributed in the aluminum powder composite powder, so that the microhardness and the mechanical property of the additive manufacturing structure are greatly improved;
3) different from the solid aluminum welding wire prepared by the existing forming processes such as extrusion drawing, continuous casting and continuous rolling, the aluminum-based flux-cored wire is prepared by wrapping flux-cored powder in an aluminum strip, and the addition amount of ceramic particles can be adjusted based on the use requirement based on the flexibility of adding the flux-cored powder in the flux-cored aluminum welding wire;
4) by adopting an arc fuse additive manufacturing technology, the components of the flux core can be subjected to in-situ mixing reaction under the action of an electric arc to obtain an additive manufacturing tissue with ceramic particles in dispersed distribution;
5) on one hand, the ceramic particles which are distributed in a dispersion way can be used as a heterogeneous nucleating agent at the solidification front of an aluminum matrix under the action of multiple thermal cycles of additive manufacturing to induce columnar crystals to generate isometric crystals and obviously refine the matrix structure; on the other hand, with the increase of the amount of the ceramic particles, the ceramic particles can also be used as a matrix strengthening phase, so that the comprehensive mechanical property of the additive manufacturing structure is obviously improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an electron microscope image of the composite aluminum powder obtained by using radio frequency plasma premelting in example 1.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the following is a further description of the invention and is not intended to be limiting.
Example 1:
an aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for manufacturing an electric arc fuse wire additive comprises an aluminum strip of a sheath and flux-cored powder which is internally wrapped, wherein the aluminum strip is a 4047 aluminum strip, and the flux-cored powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass according to 100% of the total mass of the flux-cored powder: 3.0 percent of Mg powder, 1.0 percent of Ge powder, 10 percent of ceramic particles of TiC and the balance of Al powder, wherein the particle size range of the Mg powder, the Ge powder and the Al powder is 150 mu m in the range of 100 plus materials, the particle size range of the TiC particles is 15-30 mu m, the purity is 99.9 percent, and the powder filling rate is 28 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy welding wire in the embodiment 1 comprises the following specific steps:
s1: pre-melting and mixing TiC with the mass fraction of 10% and aluminum powder by adopting radio frequency plasma atomization equipment to obtain composite aluminum powder with ceramic particles in dispersed distribution, wherein an electron microscope picture of the composite aluminum powder is shown in figure 1;
s2: adding the composite aluminum powder prepared by the step S1, 3 mass percent of Mg powder and 1.0 mass percent of Ge powder into a V-shaped powder mixer, and mixing for 30min to obtain uniformly mixed flux core powder;
s3: and adding the flux-cored powder prepared in the step S2 into a 4047 aluminum strip according to the required filling rate, and sequentially rolling, drawing, cleaning and winding to obtain the aluminum alloy welding wire with the required diameter of 1.2 mm.
Comparative example 1:
an aluminum alloy welding wire comprises an aluminum strip on a sheath and flux-cored powder which is internally wrapped, wherein the aluminum strip is a 4047 aluminum strip, and the flux-cored powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass according to 100% of the total mass of the flux-cored powder: 3.0 percent of Mg powder, 1.0 percent of Ge powder and the balance of Al powder, wherein the particle size range of the Mg powder, the Ge powder and the Al powder is 150 mu m, the purity is 99.9 percent and the powder filling rate is 28 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy welding wire of the comparative example 1 comprises the following specific steps:
s1: adding Mg powder, Ge powder and Al powder into a V-shaped powder mixer, and mixing for 30min to obtain uniformly mixed medicine core powder;
s2: and adding the flux-cored powder prepared in the step S1 into a 4047 aluminum strip according to the required filling rate, and sequentially rolling, drawing, cleaning and winding to obtain the aluminum alloy welding wire with the required diameter of 1.2 mm.
Comparative example 2:
an aluminum alloy welding wire comprises an aluminum strip on a sheath and flux-cored powder which is internally wrapped, wherein the aluminum strip is a 4047 aluminum strip, and the flux-cored powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass according to 100% of the total mass of the flux-cored powder: 3.0 percent of Mg powder, 1.0 percent of Si powder, 10 percent of ceramic particles of TiC and the balance of Al powder, wherein the particle size ranges of the Mg powder, the Si powder and the Al powder are 100-150 mu m, the particle size range of the TiC particles is 15-30 mu m, the purity is 99.9 percent, and the powder filling rate is 28 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy welding wire of the comparative example 2 comprises the following specific steps:
s1: pre-melting and mixing TiC with the mass fraction of 10% and aluminum powder by adopting radio frequency plasma atomization equipment to obtain composite aluminum powder with ceramic particles distributed in a scattered manner;
s2: adding the composite aluminum powder prepared by the step S1, Mg powder with the mass fraction of 3% and Si powder with the mass fraction of 1.0% into a V-shaped powder mixer, and mixing for 30min to obtain uniformly mixed flux core powder;
s3: and adding the flux-cored powder prepared in the step S2 into a 4047 aluminum strip according to the required filling rate, and sequentially rolling, drawing, cleaning and winding to obtain the aluminum alloy welding wire with the required diameter of 1.2 mm.
Example 2
An aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for manufacturing an electric arc fuse wire additive comprises an aluminum strip of a sheath and flux-cored powder which is internally wrapped, wherein the aluminum strip is a 4047 aluminum strip, and the flux-cored powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass according to 100% of the total mass of the flux-cored powder: 3.0 percent of Mg powder, 3.0 percent of Ge powder, 15 percent of TiN ceramic particles and the balance of Al powder, wherein the particle size range of the Mg powder, the Ge powder and the Al powder is 150 mu m, the particle size range of the TiN particles is 15-30 mu m, the purity is 99.9 percent, and the powder filling rate is 30 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy welding wire of the embodiment 2 comprises the following specific steps:
s1: pre-melting and mixing TiN with the mass fraction of 15% and aluminum powder by adopting radio frequency plasma atomization equipment to obtain composite aluminum powder with ceramic particles in dispersed distribution;
s2: adding the composite aluminum powder prepared by the step S1, 3 mass percent of Mg powder and 3.0 mass percent of Ge powder into a V-shaped powder mixer, and mixing for 30min to obtain uniformly mixed flux core powder;
s3: and adding the flux-cored powder prepared in the step S2 into a 4047 aluminum strip according to the required filling rate, and sequentially rolling, drawing, cleaning and winding to obtain the aluminum alloy welding wire with the required diameter of 1.6 mm.
Example 3
An aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for manufacturing an electric arc fuse wire additive comprises an aluminum strip of a sheath and flux-cored powder which is internally wrapped, wherein the aluminum strip is a 4047 aluminum strip, and the flux-cored powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass according to 100% of the total mass of the flux-cored powder: 1.0 percent of Mg powder, 1.0 percent of Ge powder, 20 percent of SiC particles and the balance of Al powder, wherein the particle size range of the Mg powder, the Ge powder and the Al powder is 150 mu m, the particle size range of the SiC particles is 15-30 mu m, the purity is 99.9 percent, and the filling rate of the powder is 30 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy welding wire of the embodiment 3 comprises the following specific steps:
s1: pre-melting and mixing SiC with the mass fraction of 20% with aluminum powder by adopting radio frequency plasma atomization equipment to obtain composite aluminum powder with ceramic particles in dispersed distribution;
s2: adding the composite aluminum powder prepared by the step S1, 1 mass percent of Mg powder and 1.0 mass percent of Ge powder into a V-shaped powder mixer, and mixing for 30min to obtain uniformly mixed flux core powder;
s3: and adding the flux-cored powder prepared in the step S2 into a 4047 aluminum strip according to the required filling rate, and sequentially rolling, drawing, cleaning and winding to obtain the aluminum alloy welding wire with the required diameter of 1.6 mm.
Example 4
An aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for manufacturing an electric arc fuse wire additive comprises an aluminum strip of a sheath and flux-cored powder which is internally wrapped, wherein the aluminum strip is a 4047 aluminum strip, and the flux-cored powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass according to 100% of the total mass of the flux-cored powder: 3.0 percent of Mg powder, 5.0 percent of Ge powder, 5 percent of WC ceramic particles and the balance of Al powder, wherein the particle size range of the Mg powder, the Ge powder and the Al powder is 150 mu m, the particle size range of the WC particles is 15-30 mu m, the purity is 99.9 percent, and the filling rate of the powder is 20 percent.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy welding wire of the embodiment 4 comprises the following specific steps:
s1: pre-melting and mixing 5% of WC and aluminum powder by using radio frequency plasma atomization equipment to obtain composite aluminum powder with ceramic particles in dispersed distribution;
s2: adding the composite aluminum powder prepared by the step S1, 3 mass percent of Mg powder and 5.0 mass percent of Ge powder into a V-shaped powder mixer, and mixing for 30min to obtain uniformly mixed flux core powder;
s3: and adding the flux-cored powder prepared in the step S2 into a 4047 aluminum strip according to the required filling rate, and sequentially rolling, drawing, cleaning and winding to obtain the aluminum alloy welding wire with the required diameter of 1.2 mm.
Example 5
An aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for manufacturing an electric arc fuse wire additive comprises an aluminum strip of a sheath and flux-cored powder which is internally wrapped, wherein the aluminum strip is a 4047 aluminum strip, and the flux-cored powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass according to 100% of the total mass of the flux-cored powder: 3.0% of Mg powder, 5.0% of Ge powder and Al as ceramic particles2O35 percent, the balance being Al powder, wherein the particle size range of Mg, Ge and Al powder is 100-150 mu m, and Al2O3The particle size of the granule is 15-30 μm, the purity is 99.9%, and the powder filling rate is 18%.
The preparation method of the aluminum alloy welding wire of the embodiment 5 comprises the following specific steps:
s1: adopting radio frequency plasma atomization equipment to atomize 5 percent of Al by mass fraction2O3Pre-melting and mixing with aluminum powder to obtain composite aluminum powder with ceramic particles in dispersed distribution;
s2: adding the composite aluminum powder prepared by the step S1, 3 mass percent of Mg powder and 5.0 mass percent of Ge powder into a V-shaped powder mixer, and mixing for 30min to obtain uniformly mixed flux core powder;
s3: and adding the flux-cored powder prepared in the step S2 into a 4047 aluminum strip according to the required filling rate, and sequentially rolling, drawing, cleaning and winding to obtain the aluminum alloy welding wire with the required diameter of 1.2 mm.
The aluminum alloy welding wires suitable for the arc fuse additive manufacturing and prepared in the embodiments 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-2 are subjected to welding joint performance test by adopting double-wire CMT arc welding equipment, and the welding process is as follows: wire feed speed 9m/min, twin wire CMT mode, welding current 157A, welding speed 1 m/min. And punching 5 measuring points on a welding seam sample at equal intervals of 0.2mm by using a micro Vickers hardness tester, wherein the loading load is 50g, and the duration is 10s to obtain the mean value of the hardness. The detection of the mechanical property is carried out according to the relevant requirements of GB2651-2008 'tensile test method for welded joints'. The results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Claims (5)
1. The aluminum alloy welding wire for the additive manufacturing of the arc fuse is characterized by comprising an aluminum strip of a sheath and flux-cored powder which is internally wrapped, wherein the aluminum strip of the sheath is a 4047 aluminum strip which is Al-12Si, and the content of silicon is 12%; the flux core powder comprises the following components by the total mass percentage of 100 percent: 1.0-3.0% of Mg powder, 1.0-5.0% of Ge powder, 5.0-20.0% of ceramic particles and the balance of Al powder, wherein the particle size range of the Mg, Ge and Al powder is 100-150 mu m, the purity is 99.9%, the powder filling rate is 18-30%, and the diameter range of the welding wire is 1.0-2.0 mm.
2. The aluminum alloy welding wire for arc fuse additive manufacturing according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles are TiC, TiN, SiC, WC, Al2O3In the formula (I), the particle size is 15-30 μm, and the purity is 99.9%.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum alloy welding wire suitable for the additive manufacturing of the arc fuse as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: pre-melting and mixing the ceramic particles and the aluminum powder by adopting radio frequency plasma to obtain composite aluminum powder with the ceramic particles distributed in a dispersed manner;
s2: adding the composite aluminum powder prepared by the S1 and Mg and Ge powder into a V-shaped powder mixer to obtain uniformly mixed flux core powder;
s3: and adding the flux-cored powder prepared in the step S2 into a 4047 aluminum strip according to the required filling rate, and sequentially rolling, drawing, cleaning and winding to obtain the aluminum alloy welding wire with the required diameter.
4. The use of the aluminum alloy welding wire for arc fuse additive manufacturing according to claim 1 in arc fuse additive manufacturing.
5. The application of the aluminum alloy welding wire for the additive manufacturing of the arc fuse in the additive manufacturing of the arc fuse as recited in claim 4, wherein the wire feeding speed is 8-10m/min, the dual-wire CMT mode is 160A, the welding current is 120-.
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