CN112018304A - Coating diaphragm for lithium-sulfur battery, preparation method and lithium-sulfur battery - Google Patents
Coating diaphragm for lithium-sulfur battery, preparation method and lithium-sulfur battery Download PDFInfo
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a coating diaphragm for a lithium-sulfur battery and the lithium-sulfur battery adopting the coating diaphragm, wherein the preparation method of the coating diaphragm comprises the following steps: dispersing a lithium-conducting polymer in water to obtain first slurry; uniformly mixing the carbon conductor and the anthraquinone, and dispersing the mixture in the absolute ethyl alcohol added with the dispersing agent to obtain second slurry; and (3) mixing the first slurry and the second slurry according to the mass parts (1-8): (2-10) uniformly mixing to obtain a third slurry, uniformly mixing the third slurry with a binder to obtain a coating slurry, coating the coating slurry on the positive electrode side of the polyolefin film, and drying to obtain the coating diaphragm for the lithium-sulfur battery. The lithium-sulfur battery prepared by the method can inhibit the shuttling effect of the lithium-sulfur polymer in the charging and discharging processes of the lithium-sulfur battery, improve the cyclicity and the coulombic efficiency of the lithium-sulfur battery, and prolong the service life of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium batteries, and particularly relates to a coating diaphragm for a lithium-sulfur battery, a preparation method and the lithium-sulfur battery.
Background
The lithium-sulfur battery has higher theoretical specific energy density, and the sulfur anode has low price and is environment-friendly, so that the lithium-sulfur battery is more and more emphasized by people in recent years. The diaphragm is an important component of the lithium-sulfur battery, and mainly has the functions of isolating the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, preventing the internal short circuit of the battery and providing a migration channel for lithium ions in the charging and discharging processes. The traditional lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm mostly adopts a microporous polyethylene or polypropylene film, lithium loses electrons and is changed into lithium ions in the charging and discharging process of the lithium-sulfur battery, the lithium ions react with sulfur at the positive electrode end of the lithium-sulfur battery through the diaphragm to generate a lithium-sulfur polymer, and the lithium-sulfur polymer can shuttle between the positive electrode and the negative electrode through the diaphragm, so that the sulfur positive electrode can be irreversibly damaged, and the cyclicity and the coulombic efficiency of the battery are influenced. The above-mentioned drawbacks still face the challenge of high safety, long life and high specific energy, which are difficult to be combined, and the commercialization process of the lithium-sulfur battery is severely restricted. Therefore, the development of a composite separator having a special function of trapping sulfur and conducting lithium has become one of the important aspects for promoting the development of lithium-sulfur batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a preparation method of a coating diaphragm for a lithium-sulfur battery, which can effectively inhibit the shuttle effect of a lithium-sulfur polymer, improve the cyclicity and coulombic efficiency of the lithium-sulfur battery, prolong the service life of the battery, and has simple preparation process and low cost.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a lithium sulfur battery using the coated separator.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a coating diaphragm for a lithium-sulfur battery comprises the following steps:
dispersing the lithium-conducting polymer in water according to the solid content of 1-10 wt%, and stirring for 10-50 minutes to obtain a first slurry.
Mixing a carbon conductor and anthraquinone to obtain a raw material solid mixture, uniformly dispersing the raw material solid mixture into absolute ethyl alcohol added with a dispersing agent according to the solid content of 1-10 wt%, wherein the mass of the dispersing agent is 0.1-1% of that of the carbon conductor in the raw material solid mixture, and stirring for 10-50 minutes to obtain a second slurry;
mixing the first slurry and the second slurry according to the mass part ratio of 1-8: 2-10, and then introducing the mixture into a sand mill to stir for 20-70 minutes to obtain a third slurry; the third slurry comprises, by mass, 1-5 parts of a lithium conducting polymer, 1-2 parts of a carbon conductor and 1-2 parts of anthraquinone respectively.
Mixing the third slurry with a binder, wherein the amount of the binder is 1% -10% of the mass of the third slurry, and stirring for 5-30 minutes to obtain uniformly dispersed coating slurry;
coating the coating slurry on the positive electrode side of a polyolefin film, wherein the thickness of the coating is 1-8 mu m, and drying to obtain the coating diaphragm for the lithium-sulfur battery;
the lithium conducting polymer is at least one of polyacrylic acid, sulfonated polyether sulfone and polymethyl methacrylate;
the adhesive is polyacrylate;
the dispersant is organic ammonium salt substances.
In the technical scheme, the coating slurry is coated on the positive electrode side of the polyolefin membrane in a roll coating mode,
in the technical scheme, the polyolefin film is a polypropylene film or a polyethylene film.
In the above technical scheme, the anthraquinone substance is one of anthraphenol, oxidized anthraphenol, anthrone, dianthraquinone and dianthraquinone.
In the above technical scheme, the carbon conductor material is one of graphene, natural graphite and artificial graphite.
In the above technical scheme, the carbon-based conductor material is graphene.
In the above technical scheme, the binder is polymethyl acrylate or polyethyl acrylate.
In the technical scheme, the stirring speed in the stirring process is 1000-1200 rpm.
In the technical scheme, the drying temperature is 40-100 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5 s.
In the above technical scheme, the dispersant is at least one of polyacrylic acid ammonium salt, trimethylammonium hydrochloride, polyquaternium and polyacrylic acid ammonium salt.
A preparation method of a coating diaphragm for a lithium-sulfur battery comprises the following steps:
uniformly dispersing a lithium-conducting polymer in water according to the solid content of 1-10 wt%, stirring at the speed of 1000-1200 rpm for 10-50 minutes to obtain a first slurry;
mixing a carbon conductor and an anthraquinone substance according to the following parts by weight: 1-2 parts of the carbon conductor and 1-2 parts of the anthraquinone substance to obtain a raw material solid mixture, uniformly dispersing the raw material solid mixture in absolute ethyl alcohol added with a dispersing agent according to the solid content of 1-10 wt%, wherein the mass of the dispersing agent is 0.1-1% of that of the carbon conductor in the raw material solid mixture, the stirring speed is 1000-1200 rpm, and the stirring is carried out for 10-50 minutes to obtain a second slurry;
and (2) mixing the first slurry and the second slurry according to the mass parts: (1-8) mixing (2-10), and then introducing into a sand mill for stirring to obtain a third slurry;
mixing the third slurry with a binder, wherein the amount of the binder is 1% -10% of the mass of the third slurry, and stirring for 5-30 minutes to obtain uniformly dispersed coating slurry;
coating the coating slurry on the positive electrode side of a polyolefin film in a roller coating mode, wherein the thickness of the coating is 1-8 mu m, and drying at the drying temperature of 40-100 ℃ for 0.5s to obtain the coating diaphragm for the lithium-sulfur battery;
the lithium conducting polymer is at least one of polyacrylic acid, sulfonated polyether sulfone and polymethyl methacrylate;
the carbon conductor is at least one of graphene, natural graphite and artificial graphite;
the anthraquinone matter is at least one of anthraphenol, oxidized anthraphenol, anthrone, dianthraquinone and dianthradone;
the binder is polymethyl acrylate or polyethyl acrylate;
the dispersant is at least one of polyacrylic acid ammonium salt, trimethylammonium hydrochloride, polyquaternary ammonium salt and polyacrylic acid ammonium salt.
A lithium-sulfur battery with a coating diaphragm comprises a sulfur positive plate, a metal lithium plate negative electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the coating diaphragm obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme is arranged between the sulfur positive plate and the metal lithium plate negative electrode.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
anthraquinone small molecules in the lithium-sulfur battery coating diaphragm can rapidly generate reversible redox reaction with a lithium-sulfur polymer formed at a sulfur positive terminal to form AQ-Li2S4And (4) precipitating. In the reaction process, an S-O chemical bond is formed between the anthraquinone and the lithium sulfur polymer, so that anthraquinone small molecules have a strong adsorption effect on the soluble lithium sulfur polymer, thereby realizing effective inhibition on the loss of active substances, remarkably prolonging the service life of the battery, and having low cost of anthraquinone substances; meanwhile, the slurry of the invention takes ethanol and water as solvents, thereby reducing the cost and being environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a coated separator for a lithium sulfur battery prepared in example 1 of the present invention
For a person skilled in the art, other relevant figures can be obtained from the above figures without inventive effort.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention better understood, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples.
Main detection equipment used in the embodiments
Example one
Dispersing polyacrylic acid in water according to the solid content of 3 wt%, and placing the mixture into a stirrer to be stirred for 30 minutes at the stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain first slurry; mixing graphene and anthrol to obtain a raw material solid mixture, uniformly dispersing the raw material solid mixture into absolute ethyl alcohol added with ammonium polyacrylate according to the solid content of 3 wt%, wherein the mass of the ammonium polyacrylate is 0.5% of the mass of the graphene in the raw material solid mixture, placing the raw material solid mixture into a stirrer, and stirring for 30 minutes at the stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain a second slurry; mixing the first slurry and the second slurry according to the mass ratio of 5:7, and then introducing the mixture into a sand mill to stir for 60 minutes, wherein the rotating speed of the sand mill is 1200 rpm, so as to obtain a third slurry; the third slurry comprises 2 parts by weight of polyacrylic acid, 1 part by weight of graphene and 1 part by weight of anthralin; mixing the third slurry with polymethyl acrylate, wherein the amount of the polymethyl acrylate is 5% of the mass of the third slurry, and stirring in a stirrer for 15 minutes to obtain uniformly dispersed coating slurry; and coating the coating slurry on the positive electrode side of a polypropylene film in a roller coating manner, wherein the thickness of the coating is 2 mu m, and drying at 60 ℃ for 0.5s to obtain the coating diaphragm for the lithium-sulfur battery. Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the coated separator for a lithium sulfur battery prepared in example 1, from which it can be seen that the surface of the separator is uniformly coated and has good gas permeability.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: respectively using a voltage-resistant insulation analyzer to measure the decomposition voltage of the lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm, using a high-temperature test chamber to measure the thermal shrinkage rate of the lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm, and using a chemical composition capacitance cabinet to measure the capacity retention rate and the average coulombic efficiency of the lithium-sulfur battery with the coating diaphragm, wherein the specific test results are as follows: the obtained lithium-sulfur battery separator had a decomposition voltage of 4.7V, a thermal shrinkage of 0.7% at 130 ℃ for 1 hour, and a liquid absorption of 362%. The battery is assembled by adopting sulfur as a positive electrode and a lithium sheet as a negative electrode, the capacity retention rate is 87% after the battery is cycled for 100 circles under the multiplying power of 0.5C, and the average coulombic efficiency is 99.64% after the battery is cycled for 20 circles.
Example two
Dispersing sulfonated polyether sulfone in water according to the solid content of 5 wt%, and placing the sulfonated polyether sulfone in a stirrer to stir for 40 minutes at the stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain first slurry; mixing graphene and anthrol oxide to obtain a raw material solid mixture, uniformly dispersing the raw material solid mixture into absolute ethyl alcohol added with trimethylammonium hydrochloride according to the solid content of 5 wt%, wherein the mass of the trimethylammonium hydrochloride is 0.3% of that of the graphene in the raw material solid mixture, placing the mixture into a stirrer, and stirring for 40 minutes at the stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain second slurry; mixing the first slurry and the second slurry according to the mass ratio of 4:6, and then introducing the mixture into a sand mill to stir for 45 minutes, wherein the rotating speed of the sand mill is 1200 rpm, so as to obtain a third slurry; the third slurry comprises 2 parts by mass of sulfonated polyether sulfone, 1 part by mass of graphene and 1 part by mass of anthralin oxide; mixing the third slurry with polymethyl acrylate, wherein the amount of the polymethyl acrylate is 6% of the mass of the third slurry, and stirring in a stirrer for 20 minutes to obtain uniformly dispersed coating slurry; and coating the coating slurry on the positive electrode side of a polyethylene film in a roller coating manner, wherein the thickness of the coating is 2.5 mu m, and drying at 70 ℃ for 0.5s to obtain the coating diaphragm for the lithium-sulfur battery.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: respectively using a voltage-resistant insulation analyzer to measure the decomposition voltage of the lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm, using a high-temperature test chamber to measure the thermal shrinkage rate of the lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm, and using a chemical composition capacitance cabinet to measure the capacity retention rate and the average coulombic efficiency of the lithium-sulfur battery with the coating diaphragm, wherein the specific test results are as follows: the obtained lithium-sulfur battery separator had a decomposition voltage of 4.8V, a thermal shrinkage of 1 hour at 130 ℃ of 1.2%, and a liquid absorption of 403%. The battery is assembled by adopting sulfur as a positive electrode and a lithium sheet as a negative electrode, the capacity retention rate is 82.2% after the battery is cycled for 100 circles under the multiplying power of 0.5C, and the average coulombic efficiency is 99.83% after the battery is cycled for 20 circles.
EXAMPLE III
Dispersing polymethyl methacrylate in water according to the solid content of 7 wt%, placing the mixture in a stirrer, and stirring for 50 minutes at the stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain first slurry; mixing graphene and anthrone to obtain a raw material solid mixture, uniformly dispersing the raw material solid mixture into anhydrous ethanol added with polyquaternium according to the solid content of 7 wt%, wherein the mass of the polyquaternium is 0.7% of the mass of the graphene in the raw material solid mixture, placing the mixture into a stirrer, and stirring for 45 minutes at the stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain a second slurry; mixing the first slurry and the second slurry according to the mass ratio of 1:1, and then introducing the mixture into a sand mill to stir for 50 minutes, wherein the rotating speed of the sand mill is 1200 rpm, so as to obtain a third slurry;
the third slurry comprises, by mass, 3 parts of polymethyl methacrylate, 2 parts of graphene and 1 part of anthrone; mixing the third slurry with polyethylacrylate, wherein the amount of the polyethylacrylate is 7% of the mass of the third slurry, and stirring the mixture in a stirrer for 25 minutes to obtain uniformly dispersed coating slurry; and coating the coating slurry on the positive electrode side of a polypropylene film in a roller coating manner, wherein the thickness of the coating is 3 mu m, and drying the coating for 0.5s at 55 ℃ to obtain the coating diaphragm for the lithium-sulfur battery.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: respectively using a voltage-resistant insulation analyzer to measure the decomposition voltage of the lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm, using a high-temperature test chamber to measure the thermal shrinkage rate of the lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm, and using a chemical composition capacitance cabinet to measure the capacity retention rate and the average coulombic efficiency of the lithium-sulfur battery with the coating diaphragm, wherein the specific test results are as follows: the obtained lithium-sulfur battery separator had a decomposition voltage of 4.7V, a thermal shrinkage of 1 hour at 130 ℃ of 1%, and a liquid absorption of 347%. The battery is assembled by adopting sulfur as a positive electrode and a lithium sheet as a negative electrode, the capacity retention rate is 86% after the battery is cycled for 100 circles under the multiplying power of 0.5C, and the average coulombic efficiency is 99.2% after the battery is cycled for 20 circles.
Example four
Dispersing polyacrylic acid in water according to the solid content of 8 wt%, and placing the mixture into a stirrer to be stirred for 20 minutes at the stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain first slurry; mixing graphene and anthraquinone to obtain a raw material solid mixture, uniformly dispersing the raw material solid mixture into absolute ethyl alcohol added with polyacrylic acid ammonium salt according to the solid content of 8 wt%, wherein the mass of the polyacrylic acid ammonium salt is 0.6% of the mass of the graphene in the raw material solid mixture, placing the raw material solid mixture into a stirrer, and stirring for 20 minutes at the stirring speed of 1000 rpm to obtain a second slurry; mixing the first slurry and the second slurry according to the mass ratio of 3:8, and then introducing the mixture into a sand mill to stir for 35 minutes, wherein the rotating speed of the sand mill is 1200 rpm, so as to obtain a third slurry; the third slurry comprises 4 parts by mass of polyacrylic acid, 1 part by mass of graphene and 1 part by mass of dianthraquinone; mixing the third slurry with polyethylacrylate, wherein the amount of the polyethylacrylate is 8% of the mass of the third slurry, and stirring in a stirrer for 20 minutes to obtain uniformly dispersed coating slurry; and coating the coating slurry on the positive electrode side of a polypropylene film in a roller coating manner, wherein the thickness of the coating is 4 mu m, and drying the coating for 0.5s at 65 ℃ to obtain the coating diaphragm for the lithium-sulfur battery.
And (3) electrochemical performance testing: respectively using a voltage-resistant insulation analyzer to measure the decomposition voltage of the lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm, using a high-temperature test chamber to measure the thermal shrinkage rate of the lithium-sulfur battery diaphragm, and using a chemical composition capacitance cabinet to measure the capacity retention rate and the average coulombic efficiency of the lithium-sulfur battery with the coating diaphragm, wherein the specific test results are as follows: the obtained lithium-sulfur battery separator had a decomposition voltage of 4.7V, a thermal shrinkage of 0.9% at 130 ℃ for 1 hour, and a liquid absorption rate of 385%. The battery is assembled by adopting sulfur as a positive electrode and a lithium sheet as a negative electrode, the capacity retention rate is 85% after the battery is cycled for 100 circles under the multiplying power of 0.5C, and the average coulombic efficiency is 99.8% after the battery is cycled for 20 circles.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that any simple variations, modifications or other equivalent changes which can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a coating diaphragm for a lithium-sulfur battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
uniformly dispersing a lithium-conducting polymer in water according to the solid content of 1-10 wt% to obtain a first slurry;
mixing a carbon conductor and an anthraquinone substance to obtain a raw material solid mixture, uniformly dispersing the raw material solid mixture into absolute ethyl alcohol added with a dispersing agent according to the solid content of 1-10 wt%, wherein the mass of the dispersing agent is 0.1-1% of that of the carbon conductor in the raw material solid mixture, and obtaining a second slurry;
and (2) mixing the first slurry and the second slurry according to the mass parts: (1-8) mixing (2-10), and then introducing into a sand mill for stirring to obtain a third slurry; the third slurry comprises, by mass, 1-5 parts of a lithium conducting polymer, 1-2 parts of a carbon conductor and 1-2 parts of an anthraquinone substance;
mixing the third slurry with a binder, wherein the amount of the binder is 1% -10% of the mass of the third slurry, and stirring for 5-30 minutes to obtain uniformly dispersed coating slurry;
coating the coating slurry on the positive electrode side of a polyolefin film, wherein the thickness of the coating is 1-8 mu m, and drying to obtain the coating diaphragm for the lithium-sulfur battery;
the lithium conducting polymer is at least one of polyacrylic acid, sulfonated polyether sulfone and polymethyl methacrylate;
the carbon conductor is at least one of graphene, natural graphite and artificial graphite;
the anthraquinone matter is at least one of anthraphenol, oxidized anthraphenol, anthrone, dianthraquinone and dianthradone;
the binder is polyacrylate;
the dispersant is organic ammonium salt.
2. The method of preparing a coated separator for a lithium sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein: the coating slurry is coated on the positive electrode side of the polyolefin film in a roll coating mode.
3. The method of preparing a coated separator for a lithium sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein: the polyolefin film is a polypropylene film or a polyethylene film.
4. The method of preparing a coated separator for a lithium sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein: the carbon conductor material is at least one of graphene, natural graphite and artificial graphite.
5. The method of preparing a coated separator for a lithium sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein: the polyacrylate is polymethyl acrylate or polyethyl acrylate.
6. The method of preparing a coated separator for a lithium sulfur battery according to claim 5, wherein: the drying temperature is 40-100 ℃, and the drying time is 0.5 s.
7. The method of preparing a coated separator for a lithium sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein: the organic ammonium salt is at least one of polyacrylic acid ammonium salt, trimethylammonium hydrochloride, polyquaternary ammonium salt and polyacrylic acid ammonium salt.
8. The method of preparing a coated separator for a lithium sulfur battery according to claim 1, wherein: the stirring speed in the stirring process is 1000-1200 rpm, and the stirring time is 10-70 minutes.
9. A preparation method of a coating diaphragm for a lithium-sulfur battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
uniformly dispersing a lithium-conducting polymer in water according to the solid content of 1-10 wt%, stirring at the speed of 1000-1200 rpm for 10-50 minutes to obtain a first slurry;
mixing a carbon conductor and an anthraquinone substance according to the following parts by weight: 1-2 parts of the carbon conductor and 1-2 parts of the anthraquinone substance to obtain a raw material solid mixture, uniformly dispersing the raw material solid mixture in absolute ethyl alcohol added with a dispersing agent according to the solid content of 1-10 wt%, wherein the mass of the dispersing agent is 0.1-1% of that of the carbon conductor in the raw material solid mixture, the stirring speed is 1000-1200 rpm, and the stirring is carried out for 10-50 minutes to obtain a second slurry;
and (2) mixing the first slurry and the second slurry according to the mass parts: (1-8) mixing (2-10), and then introducing into a sand mill for stirring to obtain a third slurry;
mixing the third slurry with a binder, wherein the amount of the binder is 1% -10% of the mass of the third slurry, and stirring for 5-30 minutes to obtain uniformly dispersed coating slurry;
coating the coating slurry on the positive electrode side of a polyolefin film in a roller coating mode, wherein the thickness of the coating is 1-8 mu m, and drying at the drying temperature of 40-100 ℃ for 0.5s to obtain the coating diaphragm for the lithium-sulfur battery;
the lithium conducting polymer is at least one of polyacrylic acid, sulfonated polyether sulfone and polymethyl methacrylate;
the carbon conductor is at least one of graphene, natural graphite and artificial graphite;
the anthraquinone matter is at least one of anthraphenol, oxidized anthraphenol, anthrone, dianthraquinone and dianthradone;
the binder is polymethyl acrylate or polyethyl acrylate;
the dispersant is at least one of polyacrylic acid ammonium salt, trimethylammonium hydrochloride, polyquaternary ammonium salt and polyacrylic acid ammonium salt.
10. A lithium-sulfur battery with a coating diaphragm, which comprises a sulfur positive plate, a metal lithium plate negative electrode and an electrolyte, and is characterized in that the coating diaphragm obtained by the preparation method in the claim 1-9 is arranged between the sulfur positive plate and the metal lithium plate negative electrode.
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