CN113328096A - Preparation method of silicon-carbon composite material, silicon-based negative electrode material and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Preparation method of silicon-carbon composite material, silicon-based negative electrode material and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
The invention is suitable for the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and provides a preparation method of a silicon-carbon composite material, which comprises the following steps: screening the sand-containing waste for two times to obtain coarse sand particles; performing ball milling treatment on the coarse sand particles to obtain fine sand particles; dissolving the fine sand particles in a glucose aqueous solution, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 1.5-3.5 h, and washing with water to obtain a precursor; calcining the precursor for 1.5-2.5 h in an inert atmosphere at 650-750 ℃, and washing with HCL solution to obtain the silicon-carbon composite material. The invention provides a preparation method of a silicon-carbon composite material with uniform carbon coating, good charge-discharge characteristics and high specific capacity, a silicon-based negative electrode material and a lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a preparation method of a silicon-carbon composite material, a silicon-based negative electrode material and a lithium ion battery.
Background
Nowadays, more and more people pay attention to new energy materials, and lithium ion batteries have high working voltage, high specific energy, large capacity, small self-discharge, good cyclicity, long service life, light weight and small volume, are widely used in the fields of transportation, electronic communication and the like as an important energy source, and have wide application prospects. The lithium ion battery mainly comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte capable of conducting lithium ions, and a separation film for separating the positive electrode from the negative electrode.
The negative electrode material is one of the main components of a lithium ion battery, and its function is indispensable. Silicon has the advantages of high theoretical specific capacity (4200mAh/g), abundant reserves, wide sources, low price and the like, and is widely applied to lithium ion batteries. However, silicon generally undergoes a severe volume expansion rate (370%) during electrochemical lithium intercalation/deintercalation, resulting in poor contact between a current collector and an active material, while silicon is also easily pulverized, with the result that the capacity of an electrode material and the cycle performance of a battery are collapsed. In addition, the low conductivity of silicon itself and the poor degree of compatibility with conventional electrolytes also limit the further use of silicon in lithium batteries.
At present, more researchers adopt a composite method to prepare a silicon-based composite material to improve the cyclicity of silicon, and the silicon-carbon composite material is prepared by performing carbon coating on the silicon surface. The carbon coating technology is one of the main methods for solving the problems of the silicon-based cathode. At present, carbon-coated silicon particles are mainly obtained by a high-temperature sintering method, but the uniformity of a carbon coating layer obtained by high-temperature sintering is poor, so that the electrochemical performance of the obtained carbon-coated particles is deficient in practical use.
T.Shen et al (Journal of Materials Chemistry A,5(22) (2017),11197-11203) calcining the precursor material in an argon atmosphere at 800 deg.C for 2h, and as a result of transmission electron microscope test, the amorphous carbon coating layer on the silicon particles has a thickness of 5nm and a non-uniform coating thickness, and the first-turn reversible capacity of the obtained carbon-coated silicon particles at 0.1A/g is 706mA·h/g. Pan et al (Journal of alloys and Compounds,5(723) (2017)), 434-·h/g。
In summary, the technical problems in the prior art are as follows: carbon-coated silicon particles in the prior art are mainly obtained by a high-temperature sintering method, but the uniformity of a carbon coating layer obtained by high-temperature sintering is poor, so that the obtained carbon-coated silicon particles are deficient in the actual application of electrochemical properties.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a silicon-carbon composite material with a uniform carbon coating layer, good charge-discharge characteristics and high specific capacity, a silicon-based negative electrode material and a lithium ion battery.
The invention provides a preparation method of a silicon-carbon composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step S10: screening the sand-containing waste for two times to obtain coarse sand particles;
step S20: performing ball milling treatment on the coarse sand particles to obtain fine sand particles;
step S30: dissolving the fine sand particles in a glucose aqueous solution, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 1.5-3.5 h, and washing with water to obtain a precursor;
step S40: calcining the precursor for 1.5-2.5 h in an inert atmosphere at 650-750 ℃, and washing with HCL solution to obtain the silicon-carbon composite material.
Further, in step S10, the sand content of the sand-containing waste is greater than or equal to 80%, and the two screenings are respectively a primary coarse screening and a secondary fine screening.
Furthermore, the coarse sand particles are micron-sized particles with uniform particle size.
Further, in step S20, the ball milling time is 8h to 15h, and the speed is 100rpm to 300 rpm.
Further, in step S30, the concentration of the aqueous glucose solution is 20 wt% to 35 wt%.
Further, in step S30, the hydrothermal reaction is performed in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 180 ℃ to 220 ℃.
Further, in step S40, the inert gas is an argon-hydrogen containing mixed gas.
Further, in step S40, the concentration of the HCL solution is 5.0mol/L-8.0 mol/L.
The invention also provides a silicon-based negative electrode material which is prepared by the preparation method of the silicon-carbon composite material in the technical scheme.
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and electrolyte.
Further, the negative electrode comprises the silicon-based negative electrode material in the technical scheme.
In summary, the present invention has at least the following technical effects:
1. the method comprises the steps of decomposing glucose to form carbon spheres with oxygen-containing functional groups on the surfaces, wherein oxygen atoms in the oxygen-containing functional groups and silicon atoms in silicon dioxide form stable silicon-oxygen covalent bonds through electrostatic adsorption, so that a layer of uniform coated carbon is formed on the surfaces of silicon particles;
2. the silicon-carbon composite material contains stable covalent bonds, so that the combination of carbon and silicon is more stable and uniform, the electronic conduction capability of the silicon material is obviously enhanced, the charge-discharge characteristic and the specific capacity of the silicon-carbon composite material are improved, and the specific capacity reaches 1800mA·h/g-2000mA·h/g。
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present invention or in the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a silicon-carbon composite material according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. The particular examples set forth below are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first", "second" and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
The invention provides a preparation method of a silicon-carbon composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step S10: screening the sand-containing waste for two times to obtain coarse sand particles;
step S20: performing ball milling treatment on the coarse sand particles to obtain fine sand particles;
step S30: dissolving the fine sand particles in a glucose aqueous solution, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 1.5-3.5 h, and washing with water to obtain a precursor;
step S40: calcining the precursor for 1.5-2.5 h in an inert atmosphere at 650-750 ℃, and washing with HCL solution to obtain the silicon-carbon composite material.
According to the invention, glucose is decomposed at 650-750 ℃, so that a layer of uniform carbon coating layer is formed on the surface of the silicon micron particles, and carbon spheres with oxygen-containing functional groups (hydroxyl or carboxyl) on the surface are obtained, and oxygen atoms in the oxygen-containing functional groups and silicon atoms in silicon dioxide form stable silicon-oxygen covalent bonds through electrostatic adsorption, so that the carbon coating layer on the surface of the silicon micron particles is more uniform and stable, and the electronic conduction capability of the silicon material is obviously enhanced.
In the invention, the sand content of the sand-containing waste is more than or equal to 80%, and the two-time screening is respectively a primary coarse screening and a secondary fine screening. The sand-containing waste is preferably any one or more of silt, construction site waste sand and river silt, and the impurities of the sand-containing waste can be sufficiently screened out by twice screening to obtain micron-sized silicon particles.
In the invention, the coarse sand particles are micron-sized particles with uniform particle size.
In the invention, the ball milling treatment time is 8-15 h, and the speed is 100-300 rpm.
In the present invention, the concentration of the aqueous glucose solution is 20 wt% to 35 wt%.
In the invention, the hydrothermal reaction is carried out in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 180-220 ℃.
In the invention, the inert gas is argon-hydrogen-containing mixed gas.
In the invention, the concentration of the HCL solution is 5.0mol/L-8.0 mol/L.
The invention also provides a silicon-based negative electrode material prepared by the preparation method of the silicon-carbon composite material. The silicon-based negative electrode material provided by the invention is a silicon-based negative electrode material of a silicon-carbon composite material, has excellent electrochemical performance, has stable cycle performance when being applied to a lithium ion battery, improves the charge-discharge characteristics and specific capacity of the silicon-carbon composite material, and has the specific capacity of 1800mA·h/g-2000mA·h/g。
The invention also provides a lithium ion battery which comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and electrolyte.
The negative electrode comprises the silicon-based negative electrode material or the silicon-based negative electrode material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme.
The positive electrode of the lithium ion battery is not particularly limited, and is preferably a lithium sheet; the source of the lithium sheet is not particularly limited, and a commercially available product can be adopted.
In the invention, the negative electrode comprises the silicon-based negative electrode material in the technical scheme.
The separator of the lithium ion battery according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, a polypropylene microporous membrane (Celgard 2400) well known to those skilled in the art may be used.
The electrolyte of the lithium ion battery is not particularly limited in the present invention, and for example, a mixed solution of Ethylene Carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) of 1mol/L lithium hexafluorophosphate (EC/DMC volume ratio is 1: 1) known to those skilled in the art may be used.
The preparation method of the lithium ion battery is not particularly limited, and the method for preparing the lithium ion battery, which is well known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted. The specific steps are preferably as follows:
the silicon-based negative electrode material according to the technical scheme or the silicon-based negative electrode material prepared by the preparation method according to the technical scheme is used as a negative electrode plate; and then, a metal lithium sheet is used as a counter electrode, 1mol/L of mixed solvent of LiPF6 (ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a volume ratio of 1: 1) is used as electrolyte, a polypropylene microporous membrane (Celgard 2400) is used as a diaphragm, and the assembly is carried out in a glove box protected by argon to obtain the lithium ion battery.
To further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description is given by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for preparing a silicon-carbon composite material, which includes the following steps:
step S10: carrying out primary coarse screening and secondary fine screening on the sand-containing waste with the sand content of more than or equal to 80% to obtain micron-sized coarse sand particles with uniform particle size;
step S20: ball-milling the coarse sand particles for 8 hours at the speed of 300rpm by using a ball mill to obtain fine sand particles;
step S30: dissolving the fine sand particles in a glucose aqueous solution with the concentration of 20 wt%, carrying out hydrothermal reaction in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at 180 ℃ for 3.5h, and washing with water to obtain a precursor;
step S40: and calcining the precursor for 1.5h in an argon-hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 750 ℃, and washing the calcined precursor by using a HCL solution with the concentration of 5.0mol/L to obtain the silicon-carbon composite material.
Example 2:
embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a method for preparing a silicon-carbon composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step S10: carrying out primary coarse screening and secondary fine screening on the sand-containing waste with the sand content of more than or equal to 80% to obtain micron-sized coarse sand particles with uniform particle size;
step S20: ball-milling the coarse sand particles for 15 hours at the speed of 100rpm by using a ball mill to obtain fine sand particles;
step S30: dissolving the fine sand particles in a glucose aqueous solution with the concentration of 35 wt%, carrying out hydrothermal reaction in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at the temperature of 220 ℃ for 1.5h, and washing with water to obtain a precursor;
step S40: and calcining the precursor for 2.5h in an argon-hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 650 ℃, and washing the calcined precursor by using a HCL solution with the concentration of 8.0mol/L to obtain the silicon-carbon composite material.
Example 3:
embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a method for preparing a silicon-carbon composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step S10: carrying out primary coarse screening and secondary fine screening on the sand-containing waste with the sand content of more than or equal to 80% to obtain micron-sized coarse sand particles with uniform particle size;
step S20: ball-milling the coarse sand particles for 10 hours at the speed of 240rpm by using a ball mill to obtain fine sand particles;
step S30: dissolving the fine sand particles in a glucose aqueous solution with the concentration of 28 wt%, carrying out hydrothermal reaction in a hydrothermal reaction kettle at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 2.5h, and washing with water to obtain a precursor;
step S40: and calcining the precursor for 2h in an argon-hydrogen mixed gas atmosphere at 700 ℃, and washing the calcined precursor by using a HCL solution with the concentration of 6.0mol/L to obtain the silicon-carbon composite material.
Example 4:
embodiment 4 of the present invention provides a silicon-based negative electrode material, which is prepared by the preparation methods of the silicon-carbon composite materials in embodiments 1 to 3.
Example 5:
embodiment 5 of the present invention provides a lithium ion battery, including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte.
The negative electrode comprises the silicon-based negative electrode material described in example 4.
The cycle performance of the lithium ion batteries provided by the embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention is respectively tested, and specifically, the lithium ion batteries are detected in a constant rate charge and discharge mode: the charge-discharge voltage range is 0.005-1.0V, and the charge-discharge multiplying power is 0.1C; the adopted test instrument is a Land test instrument for testing the electrochemical performance of the battery, and the test condition is room temperature. Experimental results show that the silicon-based negative electrode material prepared by the invention shows stable cycle performance in a lithium ion battery, the discharge specific capacity can reach 1800-plus-2000 mAh/g, and the capacity retention rate is still over 90% after 500 cycles.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a silicon-carbon composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S10: screening the sand-containing waste for two times to obtain coarse sand particles;
step S20: performing ball milling treatment on the coarse sand particles to obtain fine sand particles;
step S30: dissolving the fine sand particles in a glucose aqueous solution, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 1.5-3.5 h, and washing with water to obtain a precursor;
step S40: calcining the precursor for 1.5-2.5 h in an inert atmosphere at 650-750 ℃, and washing with HCL solution to obtain the silicon-carbon composite material.
2. The method for preparing silicon-carbon composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step S10, the sand content of the sand-containing waste is not less than 80%, and the two screenings are a primary coarse screening and a secondary fine screening respectively.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the coarse sand particles are micron-sized particles with uniform particle size.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S20, the ball milling time is 8h-15h and the speed is 100rpm-300 rpm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the concentration of the aqueous glucose solution in step S30 is 20 wt% to 35 wt%.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S30, the hydrothermal reaction is performed in a hydrothermal reaction kettle, and the hydrothermal reaction temperature is 180 ℃ to 220 ℃.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S40, the inert gas is an argon-hydrogen containing gas mixture.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein in step S40, the HCL solution has a concentration of 5.0mol/L to 8.0 mol/L.
9. A silicon-based anode material, characterized in that it is prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
A lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm and electrolyte;
the anode comprises the silicon-based anode material of claim 9.
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| CN114180548A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-15 | 江苏大学 | Preparation method of silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material and lithium storage application |
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| CN102157731A (en) * | 2011-03-18 | 2011-08-17 | 上海交通大学 | Silicon and carbon compound anode material of lithium ion battery and preparation method of silicon and carbon compound anode material |
| CN103280552A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-09-04 | 浙江金开来新能源科技有限公司 | Silicon-carbon composite anode material for lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
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