CN112016785B - Calculation method of soil and water conservation rate - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calculation method of water and soil conservation rate, which specifically comprises the following steps: step 1, calculating the background soil loss T according to rainfall, topography and soil type k The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step 2, calculating the soil loss quantity T of the slope according to the influence of rainfall, topography, soil type, vegetation coverage and slope water and soil conservation measures s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step 3, calculating the slope water and soil conservation quantity B based on the calculation results of the steps 1 and 2 s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step 4, calculating the sand reduction amount B of the channel measure c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the And 5, calculating the water and soil conservation rate W according to the calculation results of the steps 1, 3 and 4. The water and soil conservation rate calculated by the invention can evaluate the water and soil loss control level more scientifically.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment protection, and relates to a calculation method of water and soil conservation rate.
Background
The water and soil conservation rate is proposed to scientifically quantify the water and soil loss control level of a river basin (region). Currently, there are two main indexes for evaluating the water and soil loss control level, one is the water and soil loss control degree (the percentage of the water and soil loss control measure area of a certain area to the original water and soil loss area), and the other is the soil loss control ratio (the ratio of the allowable soil loss intensity to the average soil loss intensity after control). The practical application shows that the water and soil loss control degree of a plurality of watershed reaches or exceeds 100 percent, but the water and soil loss still needs to be controlled, so the ratio of the control area to the water and soil loss area can not fully reflect the water and soil loss control level of the watershed. Soil loss control is more useful in areas with smaller disturbance ranges such as production and construction.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a scientific and reasonable evaluation index for measuring the soil erosion control level, and develop an accurate and concise calculation method for the index, so as to serve the beautiful Chinese construction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calculation method of water and soil conservation rate, and the water and soil conservation rate calculated by the method can be used for evaluating the treatment level of water and soil loss more scientifically.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the method for calculating the water and soil conservation rate specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, calculating the background soil loss T according to rainfall, topography and soil type k ；
Step 2, calculating the soil loss quantity T of the slope according to the influence of rainfall, topography, soil type, vegetation coverage and slope water and soil conservation measures s ；
Step 3, calculating the slope water and soil conservation quantity B based on the calculation results of the steps 1 and 2 s ；
Step 4, calculating the sand reduction amount B of the channel measure c ；
And 5, calculating the water and soil conservation rate W according to the calculation results of the steps 1, 3 and 4.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
background soil loss T in step 1 k The calculation is performed using the following formula (1):
T k ＝AM k (1)；
wherein M is k The background soil erosion modulus is A is the area of the river basin, and the background soil erosion modulus is M k Calculation using a modified general soil loss equation, as shown in equation (2) below:
M k ＝RKSLCP (2)；
wherein M is k Is the background soil erosion modulus, in units of: t/(hm) 2 A); r is a rainfall erosion factor in units of: MJ.mm/(hm) 2 H.a); k is a soil corrosiveness factor, and the unit is: t.hm 2 .h/(hm 2 Mj.mm); s is a gradient factor; l is a slope length factor, C is a crop coverage-management factor, and P is a soil and water conservation measure factor; calculating the background soil loss quantity T k When the C and P values are 1, the background soil erosion modulus M k The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
M k ＝RKSL (3)。
step 2 slope soil loss T s The calculation is performed using the following formula (4):
T s ＝A M s (4)；
wherein M is s The slope soil erosion modulus is the slope soil erosion modulus, and A is the area of the river basin; the slope soil erosion modulus is calculated using a modified general soil erosion equation as shown in equation (5) below:
M s ＝RKSLCP (5)；
wherein M is s Is the slope soil erosion modulus, and the unit is: t/(hm) 2 A); r is a rainfall erosion factor in units of: MJ.mm/(hm) 2 H.a); k is a soil corrosiveness factor, and the unit is: t.hm 2 .h/(hm 2 Mj.mm)); s is a gradient factor; l is a slope length factor, C is a crop coverage-management factor, and P is a soil and water conservation measure factor.
In the step 2, for water areas and construction lands, the factor C is taken as 0, and for bare lands and permeable highway lands, the factor C is taken as 1;
for woodland and grassland, when the vegetation coverage is smaller than 5, C is 1, and when the vegetation coverage is larger than or equal to 5, the grassland C factor calculation formula is:
C grass ＝e -0.0418(V-5) (6)；
the calculation formula of the forest C factor is as follows:
C forest ＝e -0.0085(V-5)1.5 (7)；
in the formulas (6) and (7), C grass For grassland crop cover-management factor, C forest For woodland crop coverage-management factor, V is vegetation coverage,%.
Slope water and soil conservation quantity B in step 3 s The calculation is performed using the following formula (8):
B s ＝T k -T s (8)。
channel measure sand reduction amount B in step 4 c The calculation is performed using the following formula (9):
wherein M is s(i) The average slope soil erosion modulus in the engineering control range for the ith channel measure is calculated by the step 2, and the unit is t/(hm) 2 .a)；S i Control area for the ith channel engineering measure in hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the n is the number of channel engineering with sand blocking capacity; f (f) e The sand effect coefficient is reduced for the channel engineering measures in different places.
The specific process of the step 5 is as follows: the soil and water conservation rate W is calculated by the following formula (10):
W＝(B s +B c )/T k (10)。
the method has the beneficial effects that the method for calculating the water and soil conservation rate has clear concept, is concise, has convenient parameter acquisition, can be used in different spatial scales, and can measure the water and soil loss control level more scientifically.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the background soil erosion modulus of a small basin in the loess plateau gully region in an embodiment of a method for calculating soil and water conservation rate according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a slope soil erosion modulus of a small basin in a loess plateau gully region in an embodiment of a soil and water conservation rate calculation method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention discloses a calculation method of soil and water conservation rate, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
data is collected such as rainfall, soil type, terrain, land use type, vegetation coverage, spatial distribution, number of slope and trench soil and water conservation measures, and trench engineering siltation conditions in the basin (area).
Step 1, calculating the background soil loss T according to rainfall, topography and soil type k ；
Background soil loss T k The calculation is performed using the following formula (1):
T k ＝AM k (1)；
wherein M is k For the background soil erosion modulus, A is the area of the river basin (region), and the background soil erosion modulus M k Calculation using a modified general soil loss equation, as shown in equation (2) below:
M k ＝RKSLCP (2)；
wherein M is k Is the background soil erosion modulus, in units of: t/(hm) 2 A); r is a rainfall erosion factor in units of: MJ.mm/(hm) 2 H.a); k is a soil corrosiveness factor, and the unit is: t.hm 2 .h/(hm 2 Mj.mm); s is a gradient factor; l is a slope length factor, C is a crop coverage-management factor, and P is a soil and water conservation measure factor; calculating the background soil loss quantity T k When the C and P values are 1, the background soil erosion modulus M k The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
M k ＝RKSL (3)。
step 2, calculating the soil loss quantity T of the slope according to the influence of rainfall, topography, soil type, vegetation coverage and slope water and soil conservation measures s ；
Step 2 slope soil loss T s The calculation is performed using the following formula (4):
T s ＝A M s (4)；
wherein M is s The slope soil erosion modulus is the slope soil erosion modulus, and A is the area of the river basin; the slope soil erosion modulus is calculated using a modified general soil erosion equation as shown in equation (5) below:
M s ＝RKSLCP (5)；
wherein M is s Is slope soil invasionThe etching modulus is as follows: t/(hm) 2 A); r is a rainfall erosion factor in units of: MJ.mm/(hm) 2 H.a); k is a soil corrosiveness factor, and the unit is: t.hm 2 .h/(hm 2 Mj.mm)); s is a gradient factor; l is a slope length factor, C is a crop coverage-management factor, and P is a soil and water conservation measure factor.
In the step 2, for water areas and construction lands, the factor C is taken as 0, and for bare lands and permeable highway lands, the factor C is taken as 1;
for woodland and grassland, when the vegetation coverage is smaller than 5, C is 1, and when the vegetation coverage is larger than or equal to 5, the grassland C factor calculation formula is:
C grass ＝e -0.0418(V-5) (6)；
the calculation formula of the forest C factor is as follows:
C forest ＝e -0.0085(V-5)1.5 (7)；
in the formulas (6) and (7), C grass For grassland crop cover-management factor, C forest For woodland crop coverage-management factor, V is vegetation coverage,%. The P value is taken according to different engineering measure types, and the P value of the horizontal terrace is taken to be 0.12, the fish scale pit is 0.25, the slope terrace is 27, the horizontal step is 0.33, the equal-height cultivation is 0.3 and the horizontal ditch is 0.5. For large scale watershed, inversion can be performed using normalized vegetation indices.
Step 3, calculating the slope water and soil conservation quantity B based on the calculation results of the steps 1 and 2 s ；
Slope water and soil conservation quantity B in step 3 s The calculation is performed using the following formula (8):
B s ＝T k -T s (8)。
step 4, calculating the sand reduction amount B of the channel measure c The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Including direct sand blocking and off-site sand reduction of trench measures. The number (n) of channel measures is investigated, and each channel measure controls the area (S i ) Determining whether the trench measure has sand blocking capability.
Channel measure sand reduction amount B in step 4 c The calculation is performed using the following formula (9):
wherein M is s(i) The average slope soil erosion modulus in the engineering control range for the ith channel measure is calculated by the step 2, and the unit is t/(hm) 2 .a)；S i Control area for the ith channel engineering measure in hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the n is the number of channel engineering with sand blocking capacity; f (f) e The sand effect coefficient is reduced in different places for the channel engineering measure, and the value is 0.2.
And 5, calculating the water and soil conservation rate W according to the calculation results of the steps 1, 3 and 4.
The soil and water conservation rate W is calculated by the following formula (10):
W＝(B s +B c )/T k (10)。
examples
The invention selects a typical small basin in the loess plateau hilly and gully region as an example to calculate the water and soil conservation rate of the small basin.
Firstly, calculating the erosion modulus of the background soil by using a modified general soil erosion equation, wherein the crop coverage-management factor (C) and the soil and water conservation measure factor (P) are assigned to be 1 during calculation, the calculation result is shown in figure 1, and the average erosion modulus of the background soil of the small river basin is 41758 t/(km) 2 A) the area of the small flow field is 5.75km 2 Background soil loss (T) k ) 24.01 ten thousand t.
Calculating slope soil erosion modulus by using modified general soil erosion equation, wherein crop coverage-management factor (C) is assigned to different values according to different land utilization and vegetation coverage, water and soil conservation measure factor (P) is assigned to different values according to different water and soil conservation measure, and the calculation result is shown in figure 2, and the average slope soil erosion modulus of the small river basin is 11287 t/(km) 2 A) the area of the small flow field is 5.75km 2 The soil loss of the slope surface is 6.49 ten thousand t.
Background soil lossThe difference between the soil loss of the slope and the water and soil conservation quantity (B) s ) I.e., 24.01 ten thousand t minus 6.49 ten thousand t, is 17.52 ten thousand t.
Survey the trench measure with sand blocking capability, determine the control area of each trench measure, extract the average slope soil erosion modulus in the control range of each trench measure, and calculate the formula
Calculating the sand reduction of the channel measure, if a certain river basin (area) has no channel measure, B c Is 0, according to the calculation, the channel measure sand reduction amount (B c ) 2.89 ten thousand t.
According to the slope measure soil and water conservation quantity, the channel measure sand reduction quantity and the background soil loss quantity, according to the formula W= (B) s +B c )/T k And calculating the water and soil conservation rate of the small drainage basin to be 0.85.
Claims (1)
1. A calculation method of soil and water conservation rate is characterized in that: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, calculating the background soil loss T according to rainfall, topography and soil type k ；
Background soil loss T in step 1 k The calculation is performed using the following formula (1):
T k ＝AM k (1)；
wherein M is k The background soil erosion modulus is A is the area of the river basin, and the background soil erosion modulus is M k Calculation using a modified general soil loss equation, as shown in equation (2) below:
M k ＝RKSLCP(2)；
wherein M is k Is the background soil erosion modulus, in units of: t/(hm) 2 A); r is a rainfall erosion factor in units of: MJ.mm/(hm) 2 H.a); k is a soil corrosiveness factor, and the unit is: t.hm 2 .h/(hm 2 Mj.mm); s is a gradient factor; l is a slope length factor, C is a crop coverage-management factor, and P is a soil and water conservation measure factor; calculating background soilSoil loss T k When the C and P values are 1, the background soil erosion modulus M k The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
M k ＝RKSL (3)；
step 2, calculating the soil loss quantity T of the slope according to the influence of rainfall, topography, soil type, vegetation coverage and slope water and soil conservation measures s ；
The step 2 is the slope soil loss quantity T s The calculation is performed using the following formula (4):
T s ＝AM s (4)；
wherein M is s The slope soil erosion modulus is the slope soil erosion modulus, and A is the area of the river basin; the slope soil erosion modulus is calculated using a modified general soil erosion equation as shown in equation (5) below:
M s ＝RKSLC 1 P 1 (5)；
wherein M is s Is the slope soil erosion modulus, and the unit is: t/(hm) 2 A); r is a rainfall erosion factor in units of: MJ.mm/(hm) 2 H.a); k is a soil corrosiveness factor, and the unit is: t.hm 2 .h/(hm 2 Mj.mm)); s is a gradient factor; l is a slope length factor, C 1 Is a crop coverage-management factor, P 1 Is a soil and water conservation measure factor, P 1 The value is taken according to different engineering measure types, and the value is taken for the horizontal terrace P 1 The value is 0.12, the fish scale pit is 0.25, the slope type terrace is 27, the horizontal step is 0.33, the equal height cultivation is 0.3, and the horizontal ditch is 0.5;
in the step 2, C for water areas and construction sites 1 Taking the factor of 0, bare land and permeable highway land, C 1 The factor takes a value of 1;
c when the vegetation coverage is less than 5 for woodland and grassland 1 The value is 1, when the vegetation coverage is more than or equal to 5, the grassland C 1 The factor calculation formula is:
C grass ＝e -0.0418(V-5) (6)；
woodland C 1 The factor calculation formula is:
C forest ＝e -0.0085(V-5)1.5 (7)；
in the formulas (6) and (7), C grass For grassland crop cover-management factor, C forest For woodland crop coverage-management factor, V is vegetation coverage,%;
step 3, calculating the slope water and soil conservation quantity B based on the calculation results of the steps 1 and 2 s ；
The slope water and soil conservation quantity B in the step 3 s The calculation is performed using the following formula (8):
B s ＝T k -T s (8)；
step 4, calculating the sand reduction amount B of the channel measure c ；
The sand reduction amount B of the channel measure in the step 4 c The calculation is performed using the following formula (9):
wherein M is s(i) The average slope soil erosion modulus in the engineering control range for the ith channel measure is calculated by the step 2, and the unit is t/(hm) 2 .a)；S i Control area for the ith channel engineering measure in hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the n is the number of channel engineering with sand blocking capacity;
f e the sand effect coefficient is reduced for the channel engineering measures in different places;
step 5, calculating the water and soil conservation rate W according to the calculation results of the steps 1, 3 and 4;
the specific process of the step 5 is as follows: the soil and water conservation rate W is calculated by the following formula (10):
W＝(B s +B c )/T k (10)。
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| JP2000166374A (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2000-06-20 | Japan Turf Grass:Kk | Greening method for slope and lawn for greening slope |
| CN105866386A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Method for measuring soil loss amount through military map |
| CN109615206A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-04-12 | 大连理工大学 | A method of for evaluating soil ecology service function in urbanization process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000166374A (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2000-06-20 | Japan Turf Grass:Kk | Greening method for slope and lawn for greening slope |
| CN105866386A (en) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-08-17 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Method for measuring soil loss amount through military map |
| CN109615206A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-04-12 | 大连理工大学 | A method of for evaluating soil ecology service function in urbanization process |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| Characteristics of sediment retention and transport in small watershed after construction of check dams in Loess Hilly Area;Li Mian等;《Journal》;全文 * |
| 基于GIS和RUSLE的土壤侵蚀量计算――以贵州省猫跳河流域为例;许月卿;邵晓梅;;北京林业大学学报(04);全文 * |
| 黄土高原土壤保持生态服务功能价值估算及其时空变化研究;邱春霞;毛琴琴;董乾坤;;安徽农业科学(33);全文 * |
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