CN112016222B - Modal optimization method based on assembly finite element model and orthogonal test method - Google Patents
Modal optimization method based on assembly finite element model and orthogonal test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mode optimization method based on an assembly finite element model and an orthogonal test method, which comprises the steps of determining external excitation frequency before analyzing the mode of the assembly, and then preprocessing the whole finite element model. The pretreatment specific process comprises the following steps: model simplification, material addition, meshing, constraint and load addition. And then, carrying out modal analysis on the pre-processed assembly model. Because the low-order natural frequency has a larger influence on the dynamic performance of the structure, and the high-order natural frequency has the problem of the calculation precision of the characteristic value of the large matrix, the high-order natural frequency has no much reference value, so the engineering problem generally focuses on the first N-order natural frequency. And (3) analyzing to obtain the front N-order natural frequency of the assembly, and comparing whether the natural frequency of each order is close to the external excitation frequency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of finite elements, in particular to a modal optimization method based on an assembly finite element model and an orthogonal test method.
Background
The essence of resonance is that when the excitation frequency is close to the natural frequency of the structure, the vibration phenomenon generated by the structure influences the performance of the structure, shortens the service life and should be avoided from occurring resonance in engineering as much as possible. The modal optimization is a main method for vibration source vibration reduction, and meanwhile, the modal optimization can also play a role in improving the natural frequency of the structure and the dynamic performance of the structure.
The traditional technology has the following technical problems:
most of the prior mode optimization methods are directly implemented on single parts, but in practical application, the mode optimization of the assembly body has more engineering significance; in addition, the overall test optimization method which combines the levels of all variables to be optimized (the values of factors are called as levels) and is implemented more than once in the optimization process is complicated in process and low in efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a mode optimization method based on an assembly finite element model and an orthogonal test method, aiming at avoiding resonance of electromechanical equipment, improving natural frequency and dynamic characteristics of the electromechanical equipment, and solving the resonance problem of the electromechanical equipment and improving dynamic performance of the electromechanical equipment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a mode optimization method based on an assembly finite element model and an orthogonal test method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1: modal analysis based on assembly model
An assembly model is established, and before the modal analysis of the assembly, the external excitation frequency is required to be determined, and then the assembly model is subjected to pretreatment; performing modal analysis on the pre-processed assembly model to obtain N-order natural frequencies before the assembly, and comparing whether the natural frequencies of all the orders are close to the external excitation frequency, wherein N is a positive integer;
Step 2: modality optimization based on orthogonal experiments
Selecting a main bearing part with a complex structure and the greatest influence on the natural frequency of the assembly, taking the 1 st order natural frequency of the assembly as a target, and taking the front N order frequency as a target, selecting proper factors and levels by using an orthogonal test method, and carrying out structural optimization on the part; performing extremely poor analysis on the orthogonal test optimization result, determining the influence degree of each factor on the test result, obtaining a final part optimization result, and finally, bringing the part into an assembly model for modal optimization;
Step 3: results comparative analysis
And comparing and analyzing the natural frequencies of the assemblies before and after optimization, and comparing the optimized natural frequency of the front N steps with the vibration source frequency to verify the effectiveness of the method.
In one embodiment, in step 1, the preprocessing includes: model simplification, material addition, meshing, constraint and load addition.
In one embodiment, the assembly model is pre-processed with ANSYS Workbench software.
In one embodiment, so l i dworks software is used to build the assembly model.
In one embodiment, the N is between 5 and 8.
In one embodiment, N is 6.
In one embodiment, in step 2, the specific procedure of the orthogonal test is as follows:
In one orthogonal test, assuming m factors exist, each factor has p levels, n tests are arranged according to a proper orthogonal table without considering interaction among the factors, and n test results are obtained; let the test result under the ith level participation of the jth factor be Since the ith level of the jth factor is co-participated n/p times in n trials,/>The upper corner mark k of (2) represents the kth result in n/p; from the above definition, it can be obtained
As can be seen, M ij represents the average of all test results at all i levels in the jth factor, the range R j is defined as
Rj＝maxMij-minMkj (3)。
Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, said processor implementing the steps of any one of the methods when executing said program.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the methods.
Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides a processor for running a program, wherein the program runs to execute the method of any one of the above.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
avoiding resonance of the electromechanical equipment, improving natural frequency and dynamic characteristics thereof, solving the resonance problem of the electromechanical equipment and improving dynamic performance thereof.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a modal optimization method of the present invention based on an assembly finite element model and an orthogonal test method.
FIG. 2 is an orthogonal test diagram of the modal optimization method of the present invention based on an assembly finite element model and an orthogonal test method.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting, so that those skilled in the art will better understand the invention and practice it.
The invention provides a modal optimization method based on an assembly finite element model and an orthogonal test method.
The specific flow is as follows:
Step 1: modal analysis based on assembly model
Before the mode analysis of the assembly body, the external excitation frequency needs to be determined, and then the whole finite element model is preprocessed. The pretreatment specific process comprises the following steps: model simplification, material addition, meshing, constraint and load addition. And then, carrying out modal analysis on the pre-processed assembly model. Because the low-order natural frequency has a larger influence on the dynamic performance of the structure, and the high-order natural frequency has the problem of the calculation precision of the characteristic value of the large matrix, the high-order natural frequency has no much reference value, so the first 6-order natural frequency is generally focused in engineering problems. And 6 steps of natural frequencies before the assembly are obtained after analysis, and whether the natural frequencies of all steps are close to the external excitation frequency is compared.
Step 2: modality optimization based on orthogonal experiments
Selecting a main bearing part with a complex structure and the greatest influence on the natural frequency of the assembly, taking the 1 st order natural frequency of the assembly as a target, avoiding the vibration source frequency of each order frequency, selecting proper factors and levels by utilizing an orthogonal test method and combining engineering practice, carrying out structural optimization on the part, carrying out extremely poor analysis on an optimization result, determining the influence degree of each factor on the test result, obtaining a final part optimization result, and carrying the part into an assembly model for modal optimization.
Step 3: results comparative analysis
And comparing and analyzing the natural frequencies of the assemblies before and after optimization, and comparing the optimized natural frequency of the first 6 steps with the vibration source frequency to verify the effectiveness of the method.
According to the method and the optimization flow, the optimization result of the assembly body can be obtained, and the aims of improving the dynamic characteristics of the assembly body and preventing the assembly body from resonating are fulfilled.
One specific application scenario of the present invention is given below:
Step 1: modal analysis based on assembly model
Firstly, using So l idworks software to build an assembly model, before analyzing the mode of the assembly, determining the external excitation frequency, and then preprocessing the whole finite element model by using ANSYS Workbench software. The pretreatment specific process comprises the following steps: model simplification, material addition, meshing, constraint and load addition. And then, carrying out modal analysis on the pre-processed assembly model. Because the low-order natural frequency has a larger influence on the dynamic performance of the structure, and the high-order natural frequency has the problem of the calculation precision of the characteristic value of the large matrix, the high-order natural frequency has no much reference value, so the first 6-order natural frequency is generally focused in engineering problems. And 6 steps of natural frequencies before the assembly are obtained after analysis, and whether the natural frequencies of all steps are close to the external excitation frequency is compared.
Step 2: modality optimization based on orthogonal experiments
The method comprises the steps of selecting main bearing parts with complex structures and maximum influence on the natural frequency of an assembly, taking the 1 st order natural frequency of the assembly as a target and avoiding the vibration source frequency by the first 6 th order frequency, selecting proper factors and levels by utilizing an orthogonal test method and combining engineering practice, and carrying out structural optimization on the parts. Performing extremely poor analysis on the optimization result of the orthogonal test, determining the influence degree of each factor on the test result, obtaining a final part optimization result, and finally, carrying the part into an assembly model for modal optimization, wherein the specific flow of the orthogonal test is as follows:
In one orthogonal test, assuming that there are m factors, each factor has p levels, n tests are arranged according to a suitable orthogonal table without considering interactions between the factors, resulting in n test results. Let the test result under the ith level participation of the jth factor be Since the ith level of the jth factor is co-participated n/p times in n trials,/>The upper corner mark k of (2) indicates the kth result in n/p.
From the above definition, it can be obtained
As can be seen, M ij represents the average of all test results at all i levels in the jth factor, the range R j is defined as
Rj＝maxMij-minMkj (3)
The core concept of the orthogonal test results is very poor. It represents the extent to which the j-th factor affects the test results. The greater the range of a factor, the more pronounced the effect of that factor on the test results. The L9 (3 factor 3 level) orthogonal test table is shown in FIG. 2.
Step 3: results comparative analysis
And comparing and analyzing the natural frequencies of the assemblies before and after optimization, and comparing the optimized natural frequency of the first 6 steps with the vibration source frequency to verify the effectiveness of the method.
According to the method and the optimization flow, the optimization result of the assembly body can be obtained, and the aims of improving the natural frequency of the assembly body, improving the dynamic characteristics of the assembly body and preventing the assembly body from resonating are fulfilled.
The mode optimization method based on the assembly finite element model and the orthogonal test method provided by the invention is described in detail, and the following points need to be described:
The method is characterized by providing a mode optimization method based on an assembly finite element model and an orthogonal test, solving the resonance problem of electromechanical equipment, improving the natural frequency of the electromechanical equipment and improving the dynamic performance;
is characterized in that the mode optimization is carried out on an assembly model instead of a single part, thereby having more practical significance in engineering;
The method is characterized in that the whole modeling and finite element analysis process is simple and efficient by utilizing mechanical design and simulation software such as Sol idworks, ANSYS Workbench and the like;
the method is characterized in that the orthogonal test design is utilized to optimize, the result is subjected to extremely poor analysis, the influence degree of each factor on the test result is determined, and finally the optimal level of each factor is selected, so that the test times are greatly reduced and the test time is shortened under the condition of ensuring the accuracy;
Is characterized in that the natural frequencies before and after optimization are compared, and the natural frequency of the first 6 th order after optimization is compared with the external excitation frequency, so that the effectiveness of the method is verified;
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for fully explaining the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Equivalent substitutions and modifications will occur to those skilled in the art based on the present invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The mode optimization method based on the assembly finite element model and the orthogonal test method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1: modal analysis based on assembly finite element model
Establishing an assembly finite element model, and before modal analysis of the assembly, determining external excitation frequency and then preprocessing the assembly finite element model; performing modal analysis on the preprocessed assembly finite element model to obtain N-order natural frequencies before the assembly, and comparing whether the natural frequencies of all the orders are close to the external excitation frequency, wherein N is a positive integer;
Step 2: modality optimization based on orthogonal experiments
Selecting a main bearing part with a complex structure and the greatest influence on the natural frequency of the assembly, taking the 1 st order natural frequency of the assembly as a target, and taking the front N order frequency as a target, selecting proper factors and levels by using an orthogonal test method, and carrying out structural optimization on the part; performing extremely poor analysis on the orthogonal test optimization result, determining the influence degree of each factor on the test result, obtaining a final part optimization result, and finally, carrying the part into an assembly finite element model for modal optimization;
in step 2, the specific procedure of the orthogonal test is as follows:
In one orthogonal test, assuming m factors exist, each factor has p levels, n tests are arranged according to a proper orthogonal table without considering interaction among the factors, and n test results are obtained; let the test result under the ith level participation of the jth factor be Since the ith level of the jth factor is co-participated n/p times in n trials,/>The upper corner mark k of (2) represents the kth result in n/p; from the above definition, it can be obtained
As can be seen, M ij represents the average of all test results at all i levels in the jth factor, the range R j is defined as
Rj＝maxMij-minMkj (3)；
Step 3: results comparative analysis
And comparing and analyzing the natural frequencies of the assemblies before and after optimization, and comparing the optimized natural frequency of the front N steps with the vibration source frequency to verify the effectiveness of the method.
2. The method for optimizing a mode based on an assembly finite element model and an orthogonal test method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the preprocessing comprises the following specific steps: model simplification, material addition, meshing, constraint and load addition.
3. The method for modal optimization based on an assembly finite element model and orthogonal test method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the assembly finite element model is pre-processed with ANSYS Workbench software.
4. The method for modal optimization based on an assembly finite element model and orthogonal experiment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the assembly finite element model is built by using solidworks software.
5. A method of modal optimization based on an assembly finite element model and orthogonal experiment as claimed in claim 1 wherein N is between 5 and 8.
6. The method for modal optimization based on an assembly finite element model and orthogonal experiment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein N is 6.
7. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the processor implements the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 6 when the program is executed.
8. A computer readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A processor for running a program, wherein the program when run performs the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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