CN112014746B - Fault diagnosis method for distinguishing internal and external micro-short circuits of series battery packs - Google Patents
Fault diagnosis method for distinguishing internal and external micro-short circuits of series battery packs Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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Abstract
The invention provides a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing micro-short circuits inside and outside a series battery pack, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring repeated charging data and discharging data of a battery pack; s2, calculating the charge capacity C of the battery pack under the charge working condition and the discharge working condition cha And discharge capacity C dch The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S3, calculating the discharge capacity C of the battery pack dch And charging capacity C cha And then judging whether the battery pack fails according to the ratio lambda, when the ratio lambda is smaller than the threshold lambda 0 When the ratio lambda is greater than or equal to the threshold lambda, the external short circuit fault of the battery pack is judged 0 When the method is used, the next step is carried out; s4, judging whether the battery pack has internal short circuit fault according to the comparison result of the charge and discharge capacity of the battery pack, and judging the charge capacity C of each time cha Similar discharge capacity C dch Charge capacity C of similar and each time cha And discharge capacity C dch When the charging capacities are similar, the battery pack is a normal battery pack, and when the charging capacities C are equal to each other cha And discharge capacity C dch Charge capacity C of similar and respective times cha And discharge capacity C dch And when the battery packs are in stepped descending change, judging that the battery packs have internal short circuit faults.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery management systems, and particularly relates to a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing internal and external micro-short circuits of series battery packs.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of long service life, high energy density, environmental protection and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of new energy road traffic systems, portable electronic communication equipment, wind energy and solar energy conversion energy storage devices, urban rail transit roads and the like. As a novel high-energy chemical power supply, lithium ion batteries also expose some serious safety problems, namely accidents caused by battery faults, in the process of solving environmental pollution and energy crisis. Short circuit fault of the battery is a very insignificant potential safety problem, if not found and handled in time, the endurance of the battery is affected slightly, and thermal runaway is further induced heavily.
The battery short circuit refers to an abnormal path that causes the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to be connected to each other with very small resistance for some reason. The heat generated by such a pathway and the release of excessive power can result in serious battery life impairment. Violent actions such as nail penetration, combustion, extrusion and the like can directly trigger severe internal short circuits of the battery, thereby causing explosion or thermal runaway of the battery. Such severe internal short circuits cause large voltage changes and temperature increases in a short time. But slight or moderate micro-shorts are not easily detected and found. Over time, the increase in the degree of micro-shorting may lead to a gradual increase in the amount of heat generated by the battery, which may lead to serious safety problems such as thermal runaway. Some micro-shorts also deteriorate rapidly under high temperature or severe conditions. Thus, the deterioration of the micro short circuit is uncertain and occasional. Just as chronic diseases threaten human health, micro-shorting also threatens the safety of lithium ion batteries. Thus, it is highly desirable to find an efficient fault diagnosis algorithm for battery shorts.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing micro-shorts between inside and outside of a series battery pack.
The invention provides a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing micro-short circuits inside and outside a series battery pack, which has the characteristics that the method comprises the following steps: the fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro-short circuits of the series battery packs is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step S1, acquiring repeated charging data and discharging data of a battery pack; step S2, calculating the charge capacity C of the battery pack under the charge working condition and the discharge working condition cha And discharge capacity C dch The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Step S3, calculating the discharge capacity C of the battery pack dch And charging capacity C cha And then judging whether the battery pack fails according to the ratio lambda, when the ratio lambda is smaller than the threshold lambda 0 When the ratio lambda is greater than or equal to the threshold lambda, the external short circuit fault of the battery pack is judged 0 When the method is used, the next step is carried out; step S4, judging whether the battery pack has internal short circuit fault according to the comparison result of each charge-discharge capacity estimation of the battery pack, and when the battery pack has the charge capacity C of each time cha Similar discharge capacity C dch Charge capacity C of similar and each time cha And discharge capacity C dch When the charging capacities are similar, the battery pack is a normal battery pack, and when the charging capacities C are equal to each other cha And discharge capacity C dch Charge capacity C of similar and respective times cha And discharge capacity C dch And when the battery packs are in stepped descending change, judging that the battery packs have internal short circuit faults.
The fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro-short circuits of the series battery pack provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step S1, the battery pack is formed by connecting multiple battery cells with the same specification in series, and the charging data and the discharging data include voltage and current in the process of at least three charging and discharging cycles of the battery pack.
The fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro-short circuits of the series battery pack provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step S2, a method based on charge-discharge electric quantity change/corresponding SOC change is adopted to perform charge-discharge capacity estimation, which specifically includes the following sub-steps: s2-1, establishing an equivalent circuit model of a battery pack; s2-2, calculating the SOC of the whole battery pack by adopting a Kalman filtering algorithm; step S2-3, respectively calculating the charge capacity C of the series battery packs on line by adopting an accumulated electric quantity method between two points cha And discharge capacity C dch 。
The fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro-short circuits of the series battery pack provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step S2-3, the capacity calculation formula is as follows:
wherein C is the capacity of the battery, deltaQ is the amount of change in the amount of charge, deltaSOC is the amount of change in the state of charge, I (t) is the current at time t, and SOC (t 1 ) At t 1 State of charge, SOC (t 2 ) At t 2 The state of charge of the battery at the time of the battery.
The fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro-short circuits of the series battery pack provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step S3, the threshold lambda 0 The determination method of (1) is that in the case that the error exists in the capacity estimation as epsilon, the formula is as follows: lambda (lambda) 0 ＝1-ε。
Effects and effects of the invention
According to the fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro-short circuits of the series battery packs, the fault diagnosis method does not depend on grouped data, does not need to carry out transverse comparison among the battery cells, but can carry out diagnosis on the internal and external micro-short circuits of the battery packs through longitudinal comparison of historical data; secondly, the diagnosis method of the embodiment is not only suitable for diagnosing the whole external short circuit fault of the serial battery pack, but also can identify that the internal short circuit fault of the battery pack occurs when micro short circuit faults occur to one or more single bodies in the serial battery pack. In addition, the invention respectively estimates the charge and discharge capacity of the battery pack by applying a method of charge and discharge electric quantity change/corresponding SOC change based on the definition of the battery capacity, and diagnoses the internal and external micro short circuit faults of the battery pack by comparing the estimation results of the charge and discharge capacity, thereby finding the micro short circuit faults of the battery pack in time and further improving the use safety of the battery pack.
Therefore, the fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro-short circuits of the series battery pack can diagnose the overall external short circuit fault of the series battery pack, and can identify the fault by adopting the diagnosis method of the embodiment when one or more battery cells in the series battery pack generate micro-short circuits without using healthy battery cells as a reference.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing micro-shorts inside and outside a series battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first order RC equivalent circuit diagram of a short circuit of a battery pack in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an external micro-short circuit of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a micro-short circuit in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a theoretical diagram of estimated charge and discharge capacity of an internal and external micro-short circuit of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means and effects of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
Examples:
as shown in fig. 1, a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing micro-short circuits inside and outside a series battery pack according to the present embodiment includes the following steps:
and S1, acquiring repeated charging data and discharging data of the battery pack.
In this embodiment, the battery pack is formed by connecting multiple identical battery cells in series, and the charging data and discharging data include voltage and current of the battery pack during at least three charging and discharging cycles, wherein the charging and discharging depth is more than 70%.
Step S2, calculating the charge capacity C of the battery pack under the charge working condition and the discharge working condition cha And discharge capacity C dch 。
In this embodiment, a method based on charge-discharge electric quantity change/corresponding SOC change is adopted to perform charge-discharge capacity estimation, which specifically includes the following sub-steps:
step S2-1, an equivalent circuit model of the battery pack shown in FIG. 2 is established.
In this embodiment, a first-order RC model of the battery is selected, and its external characteristic equation is as follows:
wherein U is t And I represents the measured voltage and current, respectively, I ISCr R is the current through the shorting resistor 1 For polarizing internal resistance, U 1 For polarization voltage τ 1 Is a time constant, R 0 Is ohmic in resistance.
S2-2, calculating the SOC of the whole battery pack by adopting a Kalman filtering algorithm EKF, wherein the method specifically comprises the following sub-steps:
step S2-2-1, firstly determining a state vector of an EKF algorithm according to an equivalent circuit model of a battery:
x k ＝(SOC k ,U 1,k )
in SOC k U is the state of charge at time k 1,k Is the terminal voltage of the RC loop at the moment k.
Step S2-2-2, then establishing a discrete space state equation and an observation equation of an EKF algorithm:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
wherein A is k And C k Is a coefficient matrix, w k To input measurement noise, v k To output measurement noise.
Step S2-2-3, finally, estimating the state vector SOC according to an iteration formula of the EKF algorithm, wherein the iteration process is as follows:
step S2-2-3-1, the state vector time is updated as follows:
step S2-2-3-2, the error covariance matrix time is updated as follows:
step S2-2-3-3, the Kalman gain matrix is updated as follows:
step S2-2-3-4, the state variable measurement is updated as follows:
step S2-2-3-5, error covariance measurement is updated as follows:
wherein u is k Is the input vector of the system and,
and->
The first-order taylor expansion coefficients of the state equation and the output equation, respectively, are called coefficient matrices, and Σw and Σv are input measurement noise w, respectively k And output measurement noise v k I is the identity matrix.
Step S2-3, respectively calculating the charge capacity C of the series battery packs on line by adopting an accumulated electric quantity method between two points cha And discharge capacity C dch Wherein, the formula of capacity calculation is as follows:
wherein C is the capacity of the battery, deltaQ is the amount of change in the electric quantity, deltaSOC is the amount of change in the state of charge, and I (t) isCurrent at time t, SOC (t 1 ) At t 1 State of charge, SOC (t 2 ) At t 2 The state of charge of the battery at the time of the battery.
In order to improve the accuracy of estimating the capacity of the battery pack, when estimating the charge/discharge capacity of the battery pack using the above equation, two different times, i.e., a point at which the SOC is high and a point at which the SOC is low, should be selected for the capacity estimation.
Step S3, calculating the discharge capacity C of the battery pack dch And charging capacity C cha And then judging whether the battery pack fails according to the ratio lambda, when the ratio lambda is smaller than the threshold lambda 0 When the ratio lambda is greater than or equal to the threshold lambda, the external short circuit fault of the battery pack is judged, and the external short circuit of the battery pack is judged as shown in the circuit diagram shown in figure 3 0 And when the method is used, the next step is carried out.
The external short circuit fault of the battery pack refers to the micro short circuit fault of the whole battery pack of the series battery pack.
In the present embodiment, the threshold lambda 0 The determination method of (1) is that in the case that the error exists in the capacity estimation as epsilon, the formula is as follows: lambda (lambda) 0 =1-epsilon. In practice, the charge-discharge capacity estimation error should not exceed 5%.
Step S4, judging whether the battery pack has internal short circuit fault according to the comparison result of each charge-discharge capacity estimation of the battery pack, and when the battery pack has the charge capacity C of each time cha Similar discharge capacity C dch Charge capacity C of similar and each time cha And discharge capacity C dch When the charging capacities are similar, the battery pack is a normal battery pack, and when the charging capacities C are equal to each other cha And discharge capacity C dch Charge capacity C of similar and respective times cha And discharge capacity C dch And when the battery packs are in the step-type descending change, judging that the battery packs have internal short-circuit faults, wherein a circuit schematic diagram of the internal short-circuit faults of the battery packs is shown in fig. 4.
The internal short circuit fault of the battery pack refers to a micro short circuit fault of a single battery or a plurality of battery cells in the series battery pack.
In the implementation process, whether the internal and external micro short circuit faults occur can be judged according to the capacity calculation result in each charge and discharge cycle shown in fig. 5. The capacity approximation refers to that the calculated capacity result has certain fluctuation in a small range under each charge-discharge cycle, the charge capacity and the discharge capacity approximation refers to that the discharge capacity and the charge capacity value have certain fluctuation in a small range under one charge-discharge cycle, the stepwise decrease change of the charge capacity value and the discharge capacity value refers to that the estimated capacity result of the charge and discharge of the battery pack gradually decreases under each charge-discharge cycle, and the estimated capacity result can be represented by the following formula:
C dch1 ≈C cha1 ＞C dch2 ≈C cha2 ＞C dch3 ≈C cha3 ＞…﹥C dchn ≈C chan
wherein C is dch For discharge capacity, C cha The charge capacity, subscript number 1,2,3 …, n represents the nth charge and discharge cycle.
Effects and effects of the examples
Compared with the existing diagnosis method which relies on healthy cells in a series battery pack as a reference, the diagnosis method of the embodiment has the advantages that the diagnosis method does not depend on group data, does not need to compare the cells transversely, but can diagnose the internal and external micro short circuits of the battery pack through longitudinal comparison of historical data; secondly, the diagnosis method of the embodiment is not only suitable for diagnosing the whole external short circuit fault of the serial battery pack, but also can identify that the internal short circuit fault of the battery pack occurs when micro short circuit faults occur to one or more single bodies in the serial battery pack. In addition, the invention respectively estimates the charge and discharge capacity of the battery pack by applying a method of charge and discharge electric quantity change/corresponding SOC change based on the definition of the battery capacity, and diagnoses the internal and external micro short circuit faults of the battery pack by comparing the estimation results of the charge and discharge capacity, thereby finding the micro short circuit faults of the battery pack in time and further improving the use safety of the battery pack.
Therefore, the fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro-short circuits of the series battery pack not only can diagnose the overall external short circuit fault of the series battery pack, but also can identify when one or more battery cells in the series battery pack generate micro-short circuits, and healthy battery cells are not needed to be used as references.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro-short circuits of the series battery packs is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, acquiring repeated charging data and discharging data of a battery pack;
step S2, calculating the charge capacity C of the battery pack under the charge working condition and the discharge working condition cha And discharge capacity C dch ；
Step S3, calculating the discharge capacity C of the battery pack dch And the charging capacity C cha And then judging whether the battery pack fails according to the ratio lambda, when the ratio lambda is smaller than the threshold lambda 0 When the ratio lambda is greater than or equal to the threshold lambda, judging that the battery pack has external short circuit fault 0 When the method is used, the next step is carried out;
step S4, judging whether the battery pack has internal short circuit fault according to the comparison result of each charge-discharge capacity estimation of the battery pack, and when the battery pack has the charge-discharge capacity C cha Similar, the discharge capacity C dch Said charge capacity C being close and at a time cha And the discharge capacity C dch When the charging capacities are similar, the battery pack is a normal battery pack, and when the charging capacities C are equal to each other cha And the discharge capacity C dch The charge capacities C are close and each time cha And the discharge capacity C dch When the battery packs are in step-type descending change, the internal short circuit fault of the battery packs is judged,
in step S2, a method based on charge-discharge electric quantity change/corresponding SOC change is adopted to perform charge-discharge capacity estimation, which specifically includes the following sub-steps:
s2-1, establishing an equivalent circuit model of the battery pack;
s2-2, calculating the SOC of the whole battery pack by adopting a Kalman filtering algorithm;
step S2-3, respectively calculating the charge capacity C of the series battery packs on line by adopting an accumulated electric quantity method between two points cha And the discharge capacity C dch ，
In step S2-3, the capacity calculation formula is as follows:
wherein C is the capacity of the battery, deltaQ is the amount of change in the amount of charge, deltaSOC is the amount of change in the state of charge, I (t) is the current at time t, and SOC (t 1 ) At t 1 State of charge, SOC (t 2 ) At t 2 The state of charge of the battery at the time of the battery,
in step S3, a threshold lambda 0 The determination method of (1) is that in the case that the error exists in the capacity estimation as epsilon, the formula is as follows: lambda (lambda) 0 ＝1-ε。
2. The fault diagnosis method for distinguishing micro-short circuits inside and outside a series battery pack according to claim 1, wherein:
wherein in step S1, the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery monomers with the same specification in series,
the charge data and the discharge data include voltages and currents during at least three charge and discharge cycles of the battery pack.
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| CN113009378B (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2022-03-29 | 经纬恒润(天津)研究开发有限公司 | Battery micro short circuit detection method and device |
| CN113406515B (en) * | 2021-06-18 | 2022-11-29 | 东莞新能安科技有限公司 | Battery cell detection method and device |
| CN113466720B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-11-22 | 上汽大众动力电池有限公司 | Method for detecting leakage current of lithium battery of real vehicle |
| CN113848495B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2023-11-21 | 江苏省特种设备安全监督检验研究院 | Internal micro-short circuit fault diagnosis method based on charging curve |
| CN117741454B (en) * | 2024-02-21 | 2024-05-07 | 北京创智信科科技股份有限公司 | Method and system for screening and distinguishing charge and discharge faults of universal lithium battery |
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