CN112014746A - Fault diagnosis method for distinguishing internal and external micro short circuits of series battery packs - Google Patents
Fault diagnosis method for distinguishing internal and external micro short circuits of series battery packs Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
- G01R31/388—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC involving voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention provides a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing internal and external micro short circuits of series-connected battery packs, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring multiple charging data and discharging data of the battery pack; s2, calculating the charging capacity C of the battery pack under the charging working condition and the discharging working conditionchaAnd discharge capacity Cdch(ii) a S3, calculating the discharge capacity C of the battery packdchAnd a charging capacity CchaThe ratio lambda is obtained, then the lambda is used for judging whether the battery pack has a fault or not according to the ratio lambda, and when the ratio lambda is smaller than a threshold lambda0Judging that the battery pack has an external short circuit fault, and when the ratio lambda is larger than or equal to the threshold lambda0If so, entering the next step; s4, according to the comparison result of each time of charging and discharging capacity of the battery pack, judging whether the battery pack has internal short circuit fault, when the charging capacity C of each timechaClose and placeCapacitance CdchSimilar and per time charging capacity CchaAnd discharge capacity CdchWhen the charge capacity is close to the charge capacity C, the battery pack is a normal battery packchaAnd discharge capacity CdchSimilar and respective charging capacities CchaAnd discharge capacity CdchWhen the battery pack is in stepped descending change, the internal short circuit fault of the battery pack is judged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery management systems, and particularly relates to a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing internal and external micro short circuits of series-connected battery packs.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of long service life, high energy density, environmental protection and the like, so the lithium ion battery is widely applied to the fields of new energy road traffic systems, portable electronic communication equipment, wind energy and solar energy conversion and energy storage devices, urban rail traffic roads and the like. The lithium ion battery is used as a novel high-energy chemical power supply, and in the process of solving environmental pollution and energy crisis, serious safety problems are exposed, namely accidents caused by battery faults occur occasionally. Short circuit failure of a battery is a very insignificant potential safety issue, if not discovered and handled in time, it affects the endurance of the battery slightly and further induces thermal runaway heavily.
A short circuit of a battery refers to an abnormal path that, for some reason, causes the positive and negative electrodes of the battery to be connected to each other with very small resistance. The heat generated by such paths and the excessive release of electrical energy can result in a severe loss of battery life. Violent actions such as nail penetration, burning, extrusion and the like can directly cause severe internal short circuit of the battery, thereby causing explosion or thermal runaway of the battery. Such a severe internal short circuit causes a large voltage change and a temperature rise in a short time. But slight or moderate micro-shorts are not easily detected and detected. Over time, the increase of the micro short circuit degree can cause the heat productivity of the battery to gradually increase, and further cause serious safety problems such as thermal runaway and the like. Some micro-shorts also deteriorate rapidly at high temperatures or under harsh conditions. Thus, the deterioration of the micro-short is uncertain and incidental. Just as chronic diseases threaten human health, micro-short circuits threaten the safety of lithium ion batteries. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective battery short fault diagnosis algorithm.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing between internal and external micro short circuits of a series-connected battery pack.
The invention provides a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing internal and external micro short circuits of series-connected battery packs, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing internal and external micro short circuits of series-connected battery packs is characterized by comprising the following steps: step S1, acquiring multiple charging data and discharging data of the battery pack; step S2, calculating the charging capacity C of the battery pack under the charging working condition and the discharging working conditionchaAnd discharge capacity Cdch(ii) a Step S3, calculating the discharge capacity C of the battery packdchAnd a charging capacity CchaThen judging whether the battery pack has a fault according to the ratio lambda, and when the ratio lambda is smaller than a threshold lambda0Judging that the battery pack has an external short circuit fault, and when the ratio lambda is larger than or equal to the threshold lambda0If so, entering the next step; step S4, according to the comparison result of the charge and discharge capacity estimation of each time of the battery pack, judging whether the battery pack has an internal short circuit fault, when the charge capacity C of each time ischaSimilar, discharge capacity CdchSimilar and per time charging capacity CchaAnd discharge capacity CdchWhen the charge capacity is close to the charge capacity C, the battery pack is a normal battery packchaAnd discharge capacity CdchSimilar and respective charging capacities CchaAnd discharge capacity CdchWhen the battery pack is in stepped descending change, the internal short circuit fault of the battery pack is judged.
The fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro short circuits of the series battery pack provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step S1, the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells of the same specification in series, and the charging data and the discharging data include voltages and currents during at least three charging and discharging cycles of the battery pack.
The distinguishing string provided in the inventionThe method for diagnosing the fault of the internal and external micro short circuit of the battery pack can also have the following characteristics: in step S2, the charge/discharge capacity estimation is performed by a method based on the charge/discharge capacity change/corresponding SOC change, and the method specifically includes the following substeps: step S2-1, establishing an equivalent circuit model of the battery pack; step S2-2, calculating the SOC of the whole battery pack by adopting a Kalman filtering algorithm; step S2-3, calculating the charging capacity C of the series battery packs respectively on line by adopting an accumulated electric quantity method between two pointschaAnd discharge capacity Cdch。
The fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro short circuits of the series battery pack provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step S2-3, the formula for capacity calculation is as follows:
where C is the capacity of the battery, Δ Q is the amount of change in the battery charge, Δ SOC is the amount of change in the state of charge, I (t) is the current at time t, and SOC (t)1) Is t1At time of battery state of charge, SOC (t)2) Is t2The battery is at a time the state of charge of the battery.
The fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro short circuits of the series battery pack provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: in step S3, the threshold λ is set0In the case of capacity estimation error, the formula of (2) is: lambda [ alpha ]0＝1-。
Action and Effect of the invention
According to the fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro short circuits of the series-connected battery packs, the internal and external micro short circuits of the battery packs can be diagnosed by longitudinally comparing historical data without depending on grouped data and without transversely comparing battery cores; secondly, the diagnosis method of the embodiment is not only suitable for diagnosing the external short-circuit fault of the whole series battery pack, but also can identify the internal short-circuit fault of the battery pack when one or more single batteries in the series battery pack have the micro short-circuit fault. In addition, the invention respectively estimates the charging capacity and the discharging capacity of the battery pack by using a method of charging and discharging electric quantity change/corresponding SOC change based on the definition of the battery capacity, diagnoses the internal and external micro short circuit faults of the battery pack by comparing the estimation results of the charging and discharging capacity, and further can find the micro short circuit faults of the battery pack in time and further improve the use safety of the battery pack.
Therefore, the fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro short circuits of the series battery pack can diagnose the whole external short circuit fault of the series battery pack, and can identify the fault when one or more battery cells in the series battery pack are subjected to micro short circuit by adopting the diagnosis method of the embodiment without using healthy battery cells as reference.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a fault diagnosis method for distinguishing between internal and external micro-shorts of series-connected battery packs in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a first order RC equivalent circuit diagram of a short circuit of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which an external micro-short occurs in a battery pack;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a micro-short circuit in a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a theoretical diagram of estimated values of charge and discharge capacities of the battery pack in an embodiment of the present invention in which an internal and external micro short circuit occurs.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is specifically described below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1, the fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro short circuits of the series-connected battery pack of the present embodiment includes the following steps:
in step S1, the charging data and the discharging data of the battery pack are acquired a plurality of times.
In this embodiment, the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of identical battery cells in series, the charging data and the discharging data include voltage and current of the battery pack in at least three charging and discharging cycles, and the charging and discharging depth is more than 70%.
Step S2, calculating the charging capacity C of the battery pack under the charging working condition and the discharging working conditionchaAnd discharge capacity Cdch。
In this embodiment, the method for estimating the charge/discharge capacity based on the charge/discharge capacity change/corresponding SOC change specifically includes the following substeps:
step S2-1, an equivalent circuit model of the battery pack as shown in fig. 2 is established.
In this embodiment, a first-order RC model of the battery is selected, and its external characteristic equation is as follows:
wherein, UtAnd I denotes the measured voltage and current, respectivelyISCrFor the current through the short-circuit resistor, R1To polarize internal resistance, U1Is a polarization voltage, τ1Is a time constant, R0Is the ohmic internal resistance.
Step S2-2, calculating the SOC of the whole battery pack by adopting a Kalman filtering algorithm EKF, and specifically comprising the following substeps:
step S2-2-1, firstly, determining the state vector of the EKF algorithm according to the equivalent circuit model of the battery:
xk＝(SOCk,U1,k)
in the formula, SOCkFor the state of charge at time k, U1,kThe terminal voltage of the RC loop at time k.
Step S2-2-2, then establishing a discrete space state equation and an observation equation of the EKF algorithm:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in the formula, AkAnd CkIs a matrix of coefficients, wkMeasuring noise, v, for inputkThe noise is measured for output.
Step S2-2-3, finally, the state vector SOC can be estimated according to the iteration formula of the EKF algorithm, and the iteration process is as follows:
at step S2-2-3-1, the state vector time is updated as follows:
at step S2-2-3-2, the error covariance matrix time is updated as follows:
step S2-2-3-3, the Kalman gain matrix is updated as follows:
at step S2-2-3-4, the state variable measurements are updated as follows:
at step S2-2-3-5, the error covariance measure is updated as follows:
wherein u iskIs the input vector of the system and is,
and
first order Taylor expansion coefficients, called coefficient matrices, of a state equation and an output equation, respectively, sigma w and sigma v, respectively, being input measurement noise wkAnd output measurement noise vkI is an identity matrix.
Step S2-3, calculating the charging capacity C of the series battery packs respectively on line by adopting an accumulated electric quantity method between two pointschaAnd discharge capacity CdchWherein, the formula of the capacity calculation is as follows:
where C is the capacity of the battery, Δ Q is the amount of change in the battery charge, Δ SOC is the amount of change in the state of charge, I (t) is the current at time t, and SOC (t)1) Is t1At time of battery state of charge, SOC (t)2) Is t2The battery is at a time the state of charge of the battery.
In order to improve the accuracy of estimating the capacity of the battery pack, when the charge/discharge capacity of the battery pack is estimated by the above equation, two different times at which Δ SOC is large and Δ t is small are selected to estimate the capacity, that is, one point at which SOC is high and one point at which SOC is low are selected to calculate the capacity.
Step S3, calculating the discharge capacity C of the battery packdchAnd a charging capacity CchaThen judging whether the battery pack has a fault according to the ratio lambda, and when the ratio lambda is smaller than a threshold lambda0If so, judging that the battery pack has an external short circuit fault, and showing a circuit diagram of the battery pack with the external short circuit fault as shown in fig. 3, when the ratio lambda is greater than or equal to the threshold lambda0And then the next step is carried out.
The external short circuit fault of the battery pack refers to a micro short circuit fault of the whole battery pack of the series battery pack.
In this embodiment, the threshold λ0In the case of capacity estimation error, the formula of (2) is: lambda [ alpha ]01-. When the method is implemented, the estimation error of the charge and discharge capacity of the battery is not more than 5%.
Step S4, according to electricityComparing the charge and discharge capacity estimation of each time of the battery pack, judging whether the battery pack has an internal short circuit fault or not, and when the charge capacity C of each timechaSimilar, discharge capacity CdchSimilar and per time charging capacity CchaAnd discharge capacity CdchWhen the charge capacity is close to the charge capacity C, the battery pack is a normal battery packchaAnd discharge capacity CdchSimilar and respective charging capacities CchaAnd discharge capacity CdchWhen the battery pack is in a stepwise descending change, it is determined that an internal short-circuit fault occurs in the battery pack, and a schematic circuit diagram of the internal short-circuit fault occurring in the battery pack is shown in fig. 4.
The internal short circuit fault of the battery pack refers to a micro short circuit fault of a single battery or a plurality of battery cores in the series battery pack.
In the implementation process, whether the internal and external micro short circuit faults occur or not can be judged according to the capacity calculation result in each charge and discharge cycle as shown in fig. 5. The capacity is similar, namely the calculated capacity result has certain fluctuation in a small range under each charge-discharge cycle, the charge capacity and the discharge capacity are similar, namely the discharge capacity and the charge capacity have certain fluctuation in a small range under each charge-discharge cycle, the charge capacity value and the discharge capacity value are in stepwise descending change, namely the capacity estimation result of the charge and the discharge of the battery pack gradually shows a descending trend under each charge-discharge cycle, and the method can be represented by the following formula:
Cdch1≈Ccha1＞Cdch2≈Ccha2＞Cdch3≈Ccha3＞…﹥Cdchn≈Cchan
wherein, CdchIs a discharge capacity, CchaThe charge capacity, subscript numbers 1, 2, 3 …, n indicates the nth charge-discharge cycle.
Effects and effects of the embodiments
Compared with the existing diagnosis method which depends on a healthy electric core in the series battery pack as a reference, the fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro short circuits of the series battery pack has the advantages that the diagnosis method does not depend on grouped data, does not need to perform transverse comparison between the electric cores, and can perform diagnosis on the internal and external micro short circuits of the battery pack through longitudinal comparison of historical data; secondly, the diagnosis method of the embodiment is not only suitable for diagnosing the external short-circuit fault of the whole series battery pack, but also can identify the internal short-circuit fault of the battery pack when one or more single batteries in the series battery pack have the micro short-circuit fault. In addition, the invention respectively estimates the charging capacity and the discharging capacity of the battery pack by using a method of charging and discharging electric quantity change/corresponding SOC change based on the definition of the battery capacity, diagnoses the internal and external micro short circuit faults of the battery pack by comparing the estimation results of the charging and discharging capacity, and further can find the micro short circuit faults of the battery pack in time and further improve the use safety of the battery pack.
Therefore, the fault diagnosis method for distinguishing the internal and external micro short circuits of the series-connected battery pack of the embodiment can not only diagnose the overall external short circuit fault of the series-connected battery pack, but also identify the fault when one or more battery cells in the series-connected battery pack are subjected to micro short circuits by using the diagnosis method of the embodiment, and does not need to use healthy battery cells as reference.
The above embodiments are preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A fault diagnosis method for distinguishing internal and external micro short circuits of series-connected battery packs is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, acquiring multiple charging data and discharging data of the battery pack;
step S2, calculating the charging capacity C of the battery pack under the charging working condition and the discharging working conditionchaAnd discharge capacity Cdch；
Step S3, calculating the discharge capacity C of the battery packdchAnd the charging capacity CchaAnd then judging whether the battery pack has a fault according to the ratio lambda, wherein when the ratio lambda is smaller than a threshold lambda0Judging that the battery pack has an external short circuit fault, and when the ratio lambda is larger than or equal to a threshold lambda0If so, entering the next step;
step S4, according to the comparison result of the charge and discharge capacity estimation of the battery pack for each time, judging whether the battery pack has an internal short circuit fault, and when the charge capacity C of each time is upchaSimilar, said discharge capacities CdchThe charging capacity C of the same and each timechaAnd the discharge capacity CdchWhen the charging capacity C is close to the charging capacity C, the battery pack is a normal battery packchaAnd the discharge capacity CdchSimilar and respective said charging capacities CchaAnd the discharge capacity CdchAnd when the battery pack is in stepped descending change, judging that the battery pack has an internal short circuit fault.
2. The fault diagnosis method for differentiating the internal and external micro short circuits of the series-connected battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step S1, the battery pack is formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells of the same specification in series,
the charging data and the discharging data include voltages and currents during at least three charge-discharge cycles of the battery pack.
3. The fault diagnosis method for differentiating the internal and external micro short circuits of the series-connected battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step S2, the charge/discharge capacity estimation is performed by a method based on the charge/discharge capacity change/corresponding SOC change, and the method specifically includes the following substeps:
step S2-1, establishing an equivalent circuit model of the battery pack;
step S2-2, calculating the SOC of the whole battery pack by adopting a Kalman filtering algorithm;
step S2-3, calculating the charging capacity C of the series battery pack on line by adopting an accumulated electric quantity method between two pointschaAnd the discharge capacity Cdch。
4. The fault diagnosis method for differentiating the internal and external micro short circuits of the series-connected battery packs according to claim 3, characterized in that:
in step S2-3, the formula for capacity calculation is as follows:
where C is the capacity of the battery, Δ Q is the amount of change in the battery charge, Δ SOC is the amount of change in the state of charge, I (t) is the current at time t, and SOC (t)1) Is t1At time of battery state of charge, SOC (t)2) Is t2The battery is at a time the state of charge of the battery.
5. The fault diagnosis method for differentiating the internal and external micro short circuits of the series-connected battery packs according to claim 1, characterized in that:
in step S3, the threshold λ is set0In the case of capacity estimation error, the formula of (2) is: lambda [ alpha ]0＝1-。
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