CN112014106A

CN112014106A - Rolling bearing vibration test device

Info

Publication number: CN112014106A
Application number: CN201910461365.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵峰; 贾永凯; 马振江
Original assignee: Northeast Forestry University
Current assignee: Northeast Forestry University
Priority date: 2019-05-30
Filing date: 2019-05-30
Publication date: 2020-12-01

Abstract

The invention relates to a vibration testing device for a rolling bearing and provides a vibration testing device for the rolling bearing. The vibration test device consists of a power system, a shafting structure, a loading system, a rack foundation and a signal acquisition system. The high-speed motor shaft is connected with the transmission shaft through the nonmetal elastic flexible coupling, a vertical plate is arranged between the transmission shafts and is used for installing a supporting bearing and limiting through a clamp spring and a shaft shoulder, the inner ring of the bearing to be tested is in transition fit with the combined sleeve shaft and is axially loaded through a loading system, and the patch type temperature sensor is matched to use a non-contact laser Doppler vibration meter as a contrast compensation sensor to acquire a bearing vibration signal and transmit the bearing vibration signal to the acquisition card. The invention overcomes the defects of complex structure, single measuring form, low precision measurement and the like of the existing device, has reliable measuring result, convenient operation, high working efficiency and wide applicable range, can be used for testing bearings with various inner diameters by installing the combined sleeve shaft, and can be popularized to the test of various revolving body parts.

Description

Rolling bearing vibration test device

Technical Field

The invention relates to a vibration test device for a rolling bearing

Background

The rolling bearing is a part which plays a role in supporting and guiding when a shaft rotates, and is widely applied to important industrial fields of machining, vehicles, aerospace and the like. During operation, the bearings often wear on their working surfaces, which in turn affects the positioning or rotation of the shaft. Statistically, in a mechanical device using a rolling bearing, about 30% of mechanical failures are caused by bearing damage, excessive wear of the bearing can increase the bearing play, reduce the running precision of the bearing, thereby affecting the motion precision of the machine, and the bearing defect can cause abnormal vibration and noise of the machine, and even cause device damage. Therefore, how to improve the antifriction and antiwear performance of the working surface of the bearing and improve the service life of the bearing is an important subject of current research, the performance of the bearing is really reflected by the vibration state of the bearing, the vibration performance of the bearing greatly influences the service life of the bearing, and in order to improve the reliability of the bearing and ensure the safe operation of mechanical equipment, special equipment is needed to monitor the service condition of the bearing.

By consulting the industry standards JB/T5314-2013, JB/T10237-2014 and JB/T10236-2014 of the rolling bearing vibration test and researching the existing rolling bearing vibration measuring instrument, the conventional bearing vibration measuring instrument needs to respectively establish channels for monitoring by using sensors such as a vibration acceleration sensor, a vibration speed sensor and the like, the cost is higher, the precision is not very high, the installation and the positioning of the sensors are inconvenient, the problems can be well avoided by the laser Doppler vibration measuring instrument, the multichannel real-time measurement and monitoring can be realized, and the practicability and the applicability of the test can be greatly increased by designing and improving a better matched mechanical structure.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the rolling bearing vibration testing device which is higher in precision, strong in measurement flexibility, convenient to adjust and load in real time, capable of simultaneously realizing multi-channel measurement of speed, displacement, temperature and the like, simple in operation, strong in practicability and wide in application range.

In order to achieve the advantages, the technical scheme of the rolling bearing vibration testing device is as follows: a rolling bearing vibration test device comprises a power system, a shafting structure, a loading system, an experiment bench foundation and a signal acquisition system.

The experiment bench provides a foundation for supporting all the component systems, provides a stable and flat table top, and is provided with vibration reduction supporting legs at the bottom of the bench, so that the whole bench is prevented from being influenced by other vibration interferences;

the power system takes a high-speed motor provided with a vibration damping module as a power source, is provided with a frequency converter, and controls the rotating speed of the motor through frequency adjustment so as to meet the test requirements;

the motor shaft head is used as an input end and is connected with the transmission shaft through the nonmetal elastic element flexible coupling, the nonmetal elastic element flexible coupling is selected to compensate elastic loss, and the consistency of power transmission between shafts is ensured;

the experiment bench is welded with two fixed vertical plates, bearing hole structures are designed on the vertical plates, the high-precision requirement of a processing surface is guaranteed, two supporting bearings are installed, the supporting bearings are in interference fit with the processing holes, and the coaxiality of the transmission shaft in the high-speed rotation process can be guaranteed by matching the two fixed vertical plates with the supporting bearings;

the support bearing on the transmission shaft is limited by a clamp spring;

one side of the bearing to be tested is limited by a shaft shoulder, a combined sleeve shaft is arranged on the other side of the shaft shoulder, the different diameters of the sleeve shaft can meet the installation requirements of the bearings to be tested with different inner diameters, the surface precision of the sleeve shaft meets the design requirements, and the sleeve shaft is in interference fit with the bearing to be tested;

the measured bearing is limited by a shaft shoulder, the outer ring of the measured bearing is axially loaded by a loading device, the bearing loading device is loaded by a mechanical spring, the corresponding loading pressure values of different compression amounts are calibrated, and the loading force is reflected by the displacement of a lead screw;

the signal acquisition system adopts a non-contact laser Doppler vibration meter, can simultaneously realize multi-channel measurement of speed and displacement, is adhered with a surface-mounted temperature sensor on the surface of a measured bearing, carries out temperature compensation measurement, inputs three-channel signals into an acquisition card, and outputs analog signals into a computer through a set program, thereby realizing vibration signal acquisition.

By introducing the scheme, the invention builds the rolling bearing vibration test device, overcomes the defects of complex structure, high loading adjustment difficulty, single measurement form, low precision measurement and the like of the conventional device, and has the following advantages:

(1) by adopting the laser Doppler vibration meter, the vibration measurement precision can reach 2% compared with 5% of that of most of the existing speed and displacement sensors, the measurement precision is greatly improved, multi-channel simultaneous measurement is realized, self comparison and temperature change compensation comparison can be carried out, and the accuracy of the measurement result is greatly improved;

(2) compared with most of hydraulic and cylinder loading modes, the mechanical loading structure capable of converting the number of rotation turns into a markable structure is simpler in structure, low in cost and energy-saving, and compared with the traditional mechanical loading mode, the mechanical loading structure is more accurate and convenient in application of loading force;

(3) the combined sleeve shaft can be matched with the device to realize the vibration test of bearings with various inner diameters, can be popularized to the test of various revolving body parts, and has wider application range.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic mechanical structure of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the signal acquisition system of the apparatus of the present invention.

The names of the various numerical designations in the drawings identified above are as follows: (1) the device comprises an experiment bench foundation, a driving motor, a flexible coupling, a supporting bearing, a bearing to be tested, a bearing loading device, a transmission main shaft, a clamp spring, a laser Doppler vibration tester, a data acquisition card, a computer and a patch type temperature sensor, wherein the experiment bench foundation comprises (1) a driving motor, (3) the flexible coupling, (4) the supporting bearing, (5) the bearing to be tested, (6) the bearing loading device, (7) the transmission main shaft, (8) the clamp spring, (9).

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples.

FIG. 1 is a schematic mechanical diagram of the apparatus of the present invention. Firstly, different frequencies are adjusted through a frequency converter, a high-speed motor (2) provided with a vibration damping module stably rotates at a set rotating speed, a motor shaft head is used as an input end and is connected with a non-metal elastic element flexible coupling (3), and power transmission is realized and the stability of high-speed rotation is ensured; the other end of the coupler is connected with a transmission main shaft (7), two vertical plates are fixed on a rack, a support bearing (4) is installed, the outer ring of the support bearing (4) is in interference fit with the hole of the vertical plate, a shafting structure of the transmission main shaft (7) is connected, the front end of the connection is supported by the two support bearings (4), the support bearings (4) are limited by snap springs, a combined sleeve shaft is installed, a bearing (5) to be tested is installed on the sleeve shaft, and the inner ring of the bearing to be tested is in transition fit with the shaft, so that the power transmissibility of high-speed rotation of the shaft in the bearing testing process can be met while the normal installation of the bearing is; the purpose of axial limiting of the clamp spring (8) is to prevent the shaft from generating shaft deflection in the direction of a loading force after the bearing is subjected to the loading force, the two supporting bearings are matched, the rigidity and the strength of the transmission main shaft in the axial direction can be ensured, the coaxiality of the shaft in the high-speed rotating process can also be ensured, the mounting position of the combined sleeve shaft is determined by the shaft shoulder limiting of the other side, and then the mounting of the bearing to be tested (5) is ensured; an inner ring at one side of a bearing (5) to be tested is in contact with a shaft shoulder of the combined sleeve, a bearing outer ring at the other side is loaded through a bearing loading device (7), the bearing loading device (7) adopts a mechanical loading mode, a compression spring is used for applying loading force, different compression amounts are calibrated corresponding to loading pressure values, and the loading force is reflected through the number of turns of a lead screw; the loading force required by the bearing vibration test is 50-300N, the loading device can load in a mode of rotating the lead screw for 1 circle for 10N, and the regulation and control of the control variable of the loading force in the test process can be met;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the signal acquisition system of the apparatus of the present invention. A surface-mount type temperature sensor (12), a connecting circuit and a related channel are pasted on the outer ring of the bearing (5) to be detected; a laser Doppler vibration meter (9) is arranged in a specified distance range, the vibration meter is arranged on a height-adjustable base to adjust the height, a lens of the vibration meter is adjusted to ensure that laser emitted by the vibration meter just concentrates the brightest light spot on the surface of a bearing to be measured, and when the signal intensity of a signal processor meets the requirement, a signal acquisition system is debugged; before the test is started, the initial loading force is selected to load, then the frequency converter is adjusted to regulate and control the test rotating speed, the device is started, the test can be carried out, in the test process, the bearing vibration conditions under different conditions can be dynamically measured by changing the rotating speed of the motor through the frequency converter and changing the loading force through the loading system, finally, the tested bearing vibration signal can be output through connecting a relevant computer processing program through the acquisition card, and the method is a specific implementation mode of the device.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all the changes and modifications that are usually made within the scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vibration test device for a rolling bearing comprises an experiment bench foundation (1), a driving motor (2), a frequency converter, a flexible coupling (3), a supporting bearing (4), a bearing to be tested (5), a bearing loading device (6), a transmission main shaft (7), a clamp spring (8), a laser Doppler vibration tester (9), a data acquisition card (10), a computer (11), a patch type temperature sensor (12) and vibration reduction supporting legs, wherein the driving motor (2) is fixed on the experiment bench by one end of the experiment bench foundation (1), the bearing loading device (6) is also fixed by the other end of the experiment bench foundation, a shaft head of the driving motor (2) is connected with the transmission main shaft (7) through the flexible coupling (3) and is limited by the clamp spring (8), transition fit is carried out between an inner ring combination sleeve shaft of the bearing to be tested (5), and axial force is exerted on an outer ring of the bearing to be tested (5) through the bearing loading device (6), the laser Doppler vibration tester (9) and the patch type temperature sensor (12) are in line connection with the data acquisition card (10) and the computer (11) to form a signal acquisition system.

2. The vibration test device for the rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the bearing driving motor (2) is driven by a frequency converter in a variable frequency mode and is provided with a vibration damping module, and the flexible coupling (3) can compensate elastic loss, so that static pressure of a transmission main shaft (7) can be guaranteed to the maximum extent, and power input is guaranteed to be stable.

3. The vibration test device for the rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the inner ring of the bearing (5) to be tested is in transition fit connection with the combined sleeve shaft, coaxiality of the double-support bearing (5) can be guaranteed on the basis of the bench, and the clamp spring (8) and the shaft shoulder of the shafting structure are axially positioned.

4. The vibration test device for the rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the bearing loading device (6) axially loads the outer ring of the tested bearing, the compression spring calibrates the corresponding pressure value of the compression amount to provide the axial force required by the test for the bearing (5) to be tested, the loading force is accurate and adjustable, and the number of available turns is converted, so that the operation is more convenient and visual.

5. The rolling bearing vibration test device according to claim 1, wherein the laser doppler vibrometer (9) has a high functionality, can realize multi-channel vibration measurement, has a high precision, can measure speed and displacement simultaneously, and uses a patch temperature sensor (12) to compensate and contrast temperature.

6. The vibration test device for the rolling bearing according to claim 1, wherein the matching device is combined with the sleeve shaft, can be matched with the device to realize the bearing test of various inner diameters, can be popularized to the test of various revolving body parts, and has wider application range.