CN112012052B

CN112012052B - Rail fixing system

Info

Publication number: CN112012052B
Application number: CN202010482304.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: S.林哈德; F.迈耶
Original assignee: Schwihag AG
Current assignee: Schwihag AG
Priority date: 2019-05-29
Filing date: 2020-05-29
Publication date: 2022-10-04
Anticipated expiration: 2040-05-29
Also published as: EP3744893A1; BR102020007741A2; US20200378069A1; DE102019207929A1; CN112012052A; RU2736157C1

Abstract

The invention relates to a rail fastening system, in particular for fastening a rail (2) to a foundation (3), preferably to a roadbed, comprising at least one retaining unit (6) for mounting the rail (2) on the foundation (3), wherein the retaining unit (6) has: an angled guide plate (8) which is provided for guiding out lateral forces from the rail (2) into the foundation (3) in the assembled state; and a shoulder (11) which is provided for abutting flush against the angled guide plate (8) in the assembled state and is located in the recess (3 a) of the foundation (3) in a form-fitting manner.

Description

Rail fixing system

Technical Field

The invention relates to a rail fastening system for fastening a rail to a foundation, preferably a fixed foundation. The rail fastening system has an angled guide plate, which is provided for guiding the transverse forces out of the rail into the foundation.

Background

It is known that railway rails are fixed in use on concrete sleepers (betonschwell) by so-called "angle shoes". The angled guide plates contribute to the transmission of lateral wheel forces into the concrete by means of a form-fitting connection with corresponding recesses (also referred to as "grooves"). DE 101 39 198 A1 thus describes such a fastening for rail elements. The angled guide plates, which are referred to herein as "coupling units", each bear against the base plate with a stop surface. At the same time, the angled guide plate engages in the corresponding recess of the concrete sleeper.

For high-speed road sections, road sections with increased requirements for sound reduction, vibration damping and the like, for example in tunnels or for subways, railway rails and switches (Weiche) are laid on so-called "fixed foundations". The fixed foundations are mostly planar, continuous concrete slabs which, instead of a superstructure made of crushed stone, serve as a foundation for the rails. In order to fix the railway track to the fixed foundation, rail plate and intermediate plate are mostly used, which are at least partially flexible. When rolling over from above by the wheels of the rail vehicle, the running rail or the wheelguard rail (backshanchensiene) springs due to the flexible bearing, thereby reducing the sound and damping vibrations.

In order to use the rail fastening system described above with one or more angle guide plates on a fastening subgrade, it is necessary, depending on the construction technology, to provide a height balance (hhinausgleich) of, for example, at least 20mm, since this subgrade type, in particular in the case of coherent concrete surfaces, cannot be built completely flat.

If the railway track or its track plate (also referred to as "slide plate") is now lifted by the height compensation plate, it must be ensured that the wheel transverse forces continue to be reliably transmitted into the concrete via the one or more angle-shaped guide plates.

In order to solve this problem, WO 2007/082553A1 proposes that the azimuthal fixing of the angle guide plate is not effected via a projection and a corresponding recess in the foundation, but by means of a support angle which is fixed laterally next to the angle guide plate on the foundation.

A disadvantage of this system is that the support angle needs to be fixed separately (by means of threaded fasteners and expansion tubes (sometimes called slotted pins)). A total of four threaded fasteners/expansion tube fasteners are thus required for each anchoring, whereas conventional systems without supporting angle pieces require only two fasteners, since the tensioning clamp and the angle guide plate are simultaneously fastened by means of one threaded fastener. Furthermore, due to component and manufacturing tolerances, in particular of the concrete body, it is difficult in the prior art to distribute the transverse forces evenly to the plurality of installed fastening elements. In this sense, the system according to WO 2007/082553A1 is technically overdetermined.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved rail fastening system for fastening a rail to a foundation, preferably a fixed foundation, in particular to enable a height compensation in a constructionally simple manner.

This object is achieved by means of a rail fastening system having the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims, the following description of the invention and the description of preferred embodiments.

The rail fixing system according to the present invention is used to fix a rail on a foundation. The foundation is preferably a fixed foundation, for example a foundation (Unterlage) consisting of concrete. However, the rail fastening system can also be applied to other bases, for example railroad ties.

The rail fastening system has at least one holding unit (sometimes referred to as a holding element) for fitting or clamping the rail to the foundation. Preferably, the rail fixing systems are applied in pairs; that is to say preferably each anchor is provided with two rail fastening systems which clamp the rail or rail plate in the transverse direction against the ground on the left and right.

Here, the "lateral direction" means a direction perpendicular to a plane formed by the longitudinal extending direction of the rail and the gravity direction. The transverse direction thus corresponds to the main direction of extension of the railroad tie in the assembled state. It is to be noted that the expressions "upper", "lower", "vertical", "transverse", "longitudinal", etc. are defined univocally here, since the rails and the rail fastening systems are usually applied in a univocal orientation in the assembled state.

According to the present invention, the holding unit has: an angled guide plate, which is provided for guiding out lateral forces from the rail into the foundation in the assembled state; and a shoulder part which is provided for abutting flush (sto beta b ü ndig), preferably essentially in the transverse direction, in the assembled state against the angled guide plate and is located in the recess of the foundation in a form-fitting manner.

In other words, the shoulder acts as a modular extension of the rail fastening system, which allows the use of a conventional structural type of retaining unit also with possible height balancing, for example by using a spacer plate. Thus, no additional securing means are required by the threaded fastener and the expansion tube. Possible component tolerances and manufacturing tolerances, in particular in the foundation, can be easily compensated and are essentially automatically compensated during the process of assembly or clamping.

It is to be noted that the components described here, such as the shoulder parts, the angle guide plates and the like, can be constructed not only in one piece but also in multiple pieces, as long as the one piece is not explicitly described. When a form-fitting connection is referred to here, a partial form fit is sufficient; that is to say that at least parts of the contours or geometries of the participating components correspond to one another.

Preferably, the shoulder has a recess which is provided and dimensioned for a flush abutment support of the angle guide plate, preferably of a possible projection on its underside, as a result of which transverse forces are transmitted particularly reliably and efficiently from the angle guide plate to the shoulder. The projection or the shape of the underside of the angle shoe is thus designed, for example, such that it is positively seated in a corresponding recess of the foundation when the foundation is provided with a conventional groove geometry. In this way, it is absolutely not necessary to modify the holding unit in order to be able to be used in conjunction with the shoulder.

Preferably, the shoulder has a lower side which is provided for resting on the bottom of the recess of the foundation and an outer side wall (viewed in the transverse direction and relative to the rail) which extends obliquely outward at an angle from the lower side and is provided for bearing against a corresponding wall of the recess, as a result of which a form fit is achieved in a reliable and constructionally simple manner.

Preferably, the angle between the underside and the outer side wall is selected such that a slightly downwardly inclined lateral force is exerted on the outer side wall at an angle in the range of 45 ° to 90 °, preferably substantially vertically. Thereby, the lateral wheel forces transmitted from the rail via the angular guide plate and the shoulder are reliably and efficiently conducted out into the foundation.

Preferably, the shoulder also has (seen in the transverse direction and relative to the rail) an inner side wall which extends obliquely inwardly from the underside at an angle, so that the shoulder has a trapezoidal cross section (extending perpendicular to the rail longitudinal direction). The accuracy of the fit and clamping of the shoulder is optimized by this improvement of the form fit.

Preferably, the rail fixing system has a spacer plate for fitting between the rail and the foundation. The spacer achieves a balancing of possible component tolerances and manufacturing tolerances in the case of a fixed foundation, in particular of a concrete body. The track fixing system set forth herein allows for such height balancing without modification to the track fixing system.

It is noted that the expression "between" includes not only a direct, contacting relationship but also an indirect spatial arrangement. This means that, in the case of the above-mentioned embodiments, the spacer plate does not have to be in direct contact with the rail nor with the foundation, but that further components, plates and the like can be arranged between them.

The rail fastening system thus preferably has a rail plate which is provided for holding the rail, wherein the rail is in contact with the rail plate in the assembled state and is fastened to the rail plate by means of a rail holding device, and the angled guide plate rests flush against the end face of the rail plate. The rail pad is, for example, a formed part composed of steel. The rail plate has, for example, rail holding sections which determine the position of the rail on the rail plate and which contribute to the holding of the rail. Furthermore, the rail is preferably clamped against the rail base plate by one or more rail tensioning clamps and/or rail tensioning bows (schiennespanbubububal). The rail holding section, the rail tensioning clamp and the rail tensioning bow form in this case an exemplary embodiment for a rail holding device which is provided for fastening the rail on the rail base plate. Different types and sizes of rail pads can also be compensated for in terms of height by the rail fastening system set forth herein.

Preferably, the rail fastening system has at least one intermediate plate, which consists of a flexible material and preferably has a dynamic stiffness of about 200kN/mm or less, wherein the intermediate plate is arranged in the assembled state between the foundation and the rail pad. The intermediate plate improves the support of the rail base plate and serves for impact and acoustic decoupling between the rail and the rail foundation. Such shock and acoustic decoupling is particularly effective and useful in the case of fixed foundations. In addition, different types and sizes of intermediate plates can also be compensated for in terms of height by the rail fastening system described here.

Preferably, the holding unit has a tensioning clamp, which is provided for pressing the rail with a defined force onto the foundation and/or the angled guide plate, preferably by contact of the rail base plate. For this purpose, the retaining unit can be designed such that its tensioning clamp overlaps the end of the rail base plate or the rail foot and presses it downward. In this way, the rail is held in the height direction. The tension clamp is preferably constructed with high vertical fatigue strength, wherein the exact shape, material strength and spring constant can vary depending on the application.

Preferably, angled guide plates are provided for the defined orientation and position determination (sometimes referred to as fixing) of the tensioning clamp and for supporting the tensioning clamp. In this way, the desired holding force can be achieved effectively and permanently, and the transverse forces occurring during operation can be effectively dissipated.

Preferably, the holding unit has an expansion tube and a fixing element in the form of a threaded fastener, which is anchored in the foundation by means of the expansion tube. Particularly preferably, the holding unit is arranged such that the expansion pipe can be unscrewed from the track foundation from above. All components can thereby be replaced in a simple manner. This applies in particular also when the expansion pipe is embedded (sometimes called embedded) in a foundation consisting of concrete. Maintenance of the rail fastening system, replacement of components, etc. can be performed without damaging or destroying the foundation.

The above-mentioned object is also achieved by a track route having a track and at least one track fastening system according to the above description, wherein the track is mounted on a foundation, preferably a fixed foundation, by means of the track fastening system.

The features, technical effects, advantages and embodiments described with reference to the track fixing system are similarly applicable to track routes.

Preferably, the rail is fitted on the foundation by means of two rail fixing systems placed opposite in the transverse direction for each anchorage. In other words, the rail fastening system is preferably applied in pairs, whereby the rails or rail mats are clamped in the transverse direction against the ground on the left and right.

Preferably, the track is part of a switch. The rail fastening system can be located, for example, in the point region, the center rail region and/or the frog region of a switch. The rail fastening system can be universally adapted and at the same time ensures an effective force transmission, in particular a force transmission of lateral forces, from the wheels of the rail vehicle into the foundation.

Drawings

Further advantages and features of the invention can be seen from the following description of a preferred embodiment. The features described herein can be implemented alone or in combination with one or more of the features set forth above, so long as the features are not mutually inconsistent. The following description of the preferred embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a track fixing system for a track mounted on a fixed bed.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 1.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this case, identical, similar or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols in the figures, and a repeated description of these elements is partially dispensed with in order to avoid redundancy.

The rail fixing system (shown in fig. 1 and 2) has a rail base plate 1 (also referred to as "slide plate") for holding a rail 2 resting on the rail base plate. The rail plate 1 is, for example, a profiled part made of steel and serves, together with the other parts of the rail fastening system, to securely anchor the rail 2 to a foundation 3, which is preferably a fixed subgrade made of concrete.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the track 2 is located in the region of a switch. For this reason, in fig. 1, further track sections 2' are shown at two positions. The rail section 2' rests on a corresponding section of the rail pad 1 and can be adjusted in the transverse direction (left/right direction in the illustration of fig. 1). It is noted that the rail fastening system can also be used outside the switch in the normal rail area. The exact shape of the rail pad 1 can be adapted to the respective application environment and rail geometry.

The rail pad 1 has a rail holding section 1a which determines the position of the rail 2 on the rail pad 1 and helps to hold the rail 2. Furthermore, the rail 2 is clamped against the rail plate 1 by means of one or more rail tensioning clamps 1b and/or rail tensioning brackets 1 c. The rail holding section 1a, the rail tensioning clamp 1b and the rail tensioning bow 1c form an exemplary embodiment for a rail holding device, which is provided for fastening the rail 2 to the rail base plate 1.

Between the rail pad 1 and the foundation 3, an intermediate plate 4 of a flexible material can be arranged, which is part of the rail fastening system. The intermediate plate 4 is, for example, a highly elastic plate composed of an elastomer and preferably has a dynamic stiffness of about 200kN/mm or less. The intermediate plate 4 ensures an optimized support of the rail pad 1 and serves for decoupling impacts and acoustic decoupling between the rail 2 and the foundation 3.

Furthermore, the rail fastening system has a spacer plate 5 (also referred to as "height compensation plate") which is preferably located below the intermediate plate 4 in order to compensate for possible height tolerances of the foundation 3. The spacer 5 can be made of metal or plastic.

The intermediate plate 4 and the intermediate plate 5 can also be realized jointly by a single plate, which is also referred to as "intermediate plate" in this case, in order to make clear that the plate can have different thicknesses depending on the application location, in order to be able to compensate for possible height differences of the foundation 3, which occur in particular in the case of fixed foundations. Preferably, the height balance achieved by the spacer 5 is up to 20mm.

The rail plate 1 is fixed in its position on the foundation 3 via two holding units 6. On each side in the transverse direction, a respective one of the retaining units 6 (more precisely, its angle guide plate 8 described below) is positioned flush in front of the end side of the rail pad 1. The end sides of the rail plate 1 and of the holding unit 6 in contact can have a corresponding shape (projection, recess, etc.) in order to achieve a form-fitting connection. In this way longitudinal wandering of the rail pad 1 is prevented. The holding unit 6 and/or the rail pad 1 can have further or additional means for a form-fitting and/or force-fitting connection in order to ensure a reliable holding of the rail pad on the foundation 3.

The holding units 6 each have a tensioning clamp 7 which overlaps the ends of the rail pad 1 and presses these against the foundation 3 with a defined force. In this way the rail pad 1 is held in the height direction. The tensioning clamp 7 is designed with an optimized tensioning force and a high vertical fatigue strength, wherein the exact shape, material strength and spring constant can be varied depending on the application.

Furthermore, the holding units 6 each have an angular guide plate 8, the underside of which has a projection 8a. The projections 8a or the shape of the underside of the angle guide 8 are designed in such a way that they will be positively located in corresponding recesses in the foundation in the case of conventional assembly, for example on railroad sleepers with conventional groove geometry. The angle guide plates 8 serve for defined guidance and support of the tensioning clamp 7 and are shaped in such a way that the wheel transverse forces are guided outward into the foundation 3.

The angular guide plates 8 each have a through opening 8b which is acted upon by a corresponding fastening element 9 (durchgreifen). The fixing element 9 is in the present exemplary embodiment designed as a threaded fastener, which is anchored in the foundation 3 via an expansion pipe 10. All parts of the rail fastening system are not only clamped against each other but also anchored on the foundation 3 by tightening the fastening elements 9 in the form of threaded fasteners.

In the present exemplary embodiment, the angled guide plate 8 is in direct contact with the rail pad 1. Alternatively, the angle guide 8 can be inserted into a frame (not shown) provided for it, for example in order to be able to modularly equip the rail fastening system in this way with different types of angle guide 8.

In order to be able to reliably guide the lateral wheel forces occurring during operation into the foundation 3 via the angle guide plates 8 even with a high degree of balance by means of the intermediate plates 5, the intermediate plates 4 and the like, the rail fastening system also has two shoulder elements 11 which are positioned flush in the transverse direction in front of the respective angle guide plate 8 on each side.

The shoulder 11 is located in a form-fitting manner in a corresponding recess 3a of the foundation 3. The shape of the recess 3a, i.e. the groove geometry, is generally different from the shape of a recess of a rail fastening system without a high degree of balance, i.e. in particular from the shape of a recess of a conventional railroad tie.

The shoulder parts 11 in turn each have a recess 11a which is provided and dimensioned for flush support of the angled guide plate 8. For this purpose, the recess 11a corresponds approximately to a conventional groove geometry, for example, so that the projection 8a of the angled guide plate is located in the recess 11a in the assembled state in a form-fitting and/or force-fitting manner.

According to a particular embodiment, the shoulder 11 has an underside 11b (see fig. 2) which rests on the bottom of the recess 3a of the foundation 3. Starting from the underside 11b, the side walls 11c extend trapezoidally, i.e. obliquely upwards, as seen in the transverse direction. These side walls are in surface-like contact with the corresponding walls of the recess 3a, as a result of which a form fit is achieved between the recess 3a and the shoulder 11. The form fit, in particular the angle between the lower side 11b and the outer side wall 11c, is selected such that a slightly downwardly inclined transverse force F (see fig. 1) is reliably guided into the foundation 3 without the anchor having a tendency to become detached. The transverse force F and the outer side wall 11c preferably form an angle in the range from 45 ° to 90 °, particularly preferably substantially 90 ° or close to 90 °.

The shoulder 11 thus acts as a modular extension of the rail fastening system, which allows the retaining unit 6 of conventional construction type and nature to be used also in the highly balanced condition shown here. In particular, no additional securing means are required by means of the threaded fasteners and the expansion pipe. For each rail 2, two holding units 6 are sufficient, the fixing elements 9 of which simultaneously clamp and fix the relevant tensioning clamp 7, the angled guide plate 8 and the shoulder 11. Possible component tolerances and manufacturing tolerances, in particular in the foundation 3, can be easily compensated and are essentially automatically compensated for during the course of the clamping.

The rail fastening system described here is particularly suitable for mounting on a fixed foundation constructed of concrete, the expansion pipes 10 being embedded in the concrete and being able to be unscrewed and replaced from the rail plate 1 at any time after installation without dismantling the rail plate. All components can thus be replaced in a simple manner. It is to be noted that the rail fixing system can also be applied to conventional railroad ties without the intermediate plate 5 and/or the intermediate plate 4.

All individual features described in the embodiments can be combined and/or interchanged with one another, if applicable, without departing from the scope of the invention.

List of reference numerals

1. Rail backing plate

1a track holding section

1b track tensioning clamp

1c track tensioning bow

2. Track

2' track section

3. Foundation

3a gap

4. Intermediate plate

5. Partition board

6. Holding unit

7. Tensioning clamp

8. Angle-shaped guide plate

8a projection

8b through opening

9. Fixing element

10. Expansion pipe

11. Shoulder piece

11a gap

11b lower side

11c side wall

F transverse force

Claims

1. Rail fixing system for fixing a rail (2) on a foundation (3), comprising at least one holding unit (6) for mounting the rail (2) on the foundation (3), wherein the holding unit (6) has:

an angled guide plate (8) which is provided for guiding lateral forces out of the rail (2) into the foundation (3) in the assembled state; and

a shoulder (11) which is provided for abutting flush against the angled guide plate (8) in the assembled state and is located in a form-fitting manner in the recess (3 a) of the foundation (3).

2. The rail fastening system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the shoulder (11) has a recess (11 a) which is provided and dimensioned for an abutting flush support of the angle guide plate (8) on its underside.

3. The rail fixing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shoulder (11) has a lower side (11 b) which is provided for resting on the bottom of the interspace (3 a) of the foundation (3), and an outer side wall (11 c) which extends obliquely outwards at an angle from the lower side (11 b) and is provided for resting against a corresponding wall of the interspace (3 a).

4. Rail fixation system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the angle between the underside (11 b) and the outer side wall (11 c) is selected such that a slightly downwardly sloping lateral force (F) is exerted on the outer side wall (11 c) at an angle in the range of 45 ° to 90 °.

5. The rail fixation system of claim 3, wherein the shoulder (11) further has an inner side wall (11 c) extending obliquely inwardly at an angle from the lower side (11 b), whereby the shoulder (11) has a trapezoidal cross-section.

6. The rail fastening system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a spacer plate (5) for fitting between the rail (2) and the foundation (3).

7. The rail fastening system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has a rail plate (1) which is provided for holding the rail (2), wherein the rail (2) is in contact with the rail plate (1) in the assembled state, is fastened to the rail plate by means of a rail holding device (1a, 1b, 1c), and the angled guide plate (8) abuts flush against the end face of the rail plate (1).

8. The rail fastening system as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that it also has at least one intermediate plate (4) which consists of a flexible material, wherein the intermediate plate (4) is arranged in the assembled state between the foundation (3) and the rail pad (1).

9. The rail fixing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the holding unit (6) has a tensioning clamp (7) which is provided for pressing the rail (2) onto the foundation (3) with a defined force.

10. The rail fixing system according to claim 9, characterized in that the angle guide plate (8) is provided for definitively determining the orientation and position of the tension clamp (7) and for supporting the tension clamp (7).

11. Track fixing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the retaining unit (6) has an expansion tube (10) and a fixing element (9) in the form of a threaded fastener, which is anchored in the foundation (3) by means of the expansion tube (10).

12. Track fixing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation (3) is a fixed foundation.

13. The rail fixing system according to claim 2, characterized in that the recess (11 a) is provided and dimensioned for an abutting flush support of the projection (8 a) on its underside.

14. Rail fixation system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the angle between the underside (11 b) and the outer side wall (11 c) is selected such that a downwardly inclined transverse force (F) is exerted vertically on the outer side wall (11 c).

15. The rail fixation system of claim 8, wherein the flexible material has a dynamic stiffness of 200kN/mm or less.

16. The rail fixing system according to claim 9, characterized in that the tensioning clamp (7) is provided for pressing the rail (2) with a defined force via the angle guide plate (8) onto the foundation (3).

17. Track route with a track (2) and at least one track fixing system according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the track (2) is fitted to a foundation (3) by means of the track fixing system.

18. The rail route according to claim 17, characterized in that the rail (2) is fitted on the foundation (3) by means of two rail fixing systems placed opposite in the transverse direction.

19. The track route according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that the track (2) is part of a switch.

20. The track route according to claim 17, characterized in that the foundation (3) is a fixed foundation.