CN112011721A - Pig iron for directly producing low-silicon low-titanium low-trace-element nodular cast iron and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Pig iron for directly producing low-silicon low-titanium low-trace-element nodular cast iron and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys
- C22C37/10—Cast-iron alloys containing aluminium or silicon
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
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- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
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- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
- C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
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- C22C37/04—Cast-iron alloys containing spheroidal graphite
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Abstract
Pig iron for low-silicon low-titanium low-trace element nodular cast iron and a preparation method thereof. The pig iron comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.6-4.0% of C, 0.001-0.010% of Si, 0.05-0.18% of Mn, 0.009-0.016% of P, 0.010-0.015% of S, Ti: 0.0001-0.010 percent of the total weight of the alloy, and less than or equal to 0.030 percent of Cr, V, Mo, Sn, Sb, Pb, Bi, Te, As, B and Al. Different from the conventional method for producing pig iron for nodular cast iron by a blast furnace, the invention directly injects common mineral powder and coal powder into an MPR furnace (smelting reduction furnace) to produce the pig iron for the nodular cast iron with high quality, cancels three process and equipment investments of serious pollution and high energy consumption, such as sintering, pelletizing, coking and the like for preparing raw materials for the blast furnace, and cancels two process and investment of desiliconizing and dephosphorizing for treating molten iron of the blast furnace. The pig iron for the nodular cast iron is a high-quality raw material for further producing the low-silicon high-strength high-toughness nodular cast iron, and fills the blank of the grade of the existing pig iron for the nodular cast iron. The provided preparation method has the advantages of simple process flow, low pollution and high cost performance, and is an innovation of a method for producing pig iron for nodular cast iron.
Description
Technical Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to the field of steel smelting, and more particularly, to pig iron for direct production of low-silicon, low-titanium, and low-trace-element ductile cast iron and a method for preparing the same.
Background
The nodular cast iron has high strength, toughness and wear resistance, and is widely applied to various fields of national economy, such as automobiles, engineering machinery, agricultural machinery, cast pipes, metallurgy, mines, energy, war industry, buildings and other departments. Due to its low cost and good overall performance, nodular cast iron has tended to replace cast steel and gray cast iron in many applications.
The pig iron for nodular cast iron is a raw material for producing the nodular cast iron, and according to the characteristics of the nodular cast iron, the pig iron for the nodular cast iron is required to have high purity, namely low titanium and low trace elements, and the silicon content is required to be reasonably controlled.
Domestic production and smelting equipment for pig iron for nodular cast iron generally selects effective volume of 200-800 m3The small blast furnace of (1). By heightThe pig iron for producing low-silicon nodular cast iron by using furnace is characterized by that the sintered ore, pellet and coke are main raw materials, these three raw materials are passed through three processes of sintering, pelletizing and coking, and have no environmental pollution, and generally the high-quality raw materials are adopted, i.e. the coke (including coal injection) as feed material and the impurities of sulfur, phosphorus, manganese, titanium and other trace elements in the ore must meet the requirements for smelting pig iron for producing nodular cast iron, and at the same time it must be passed through the processes of external treatment and oxidation process to remove silicon and phosphorus, so that the cost of pig iron for producing low-silicon nodular cast iron by using said method is high, and its pollution is serious.
The method adopts an MPR furnace (smelting reduction furnace) of inner Mongolia Saisjeep technology limited company to produce the pig iron for the low-silicon nodular cast iron, eliminates three serious pollution processes of sintering, pelletizing and coking, can meet the requirements of common raw materials, does not need desiliconization and dephosphorization outside the furnace, can greatly reduce the cost and the pollution, and has higher product quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide pig iron for directly producing low-silicon low-titanium low-trace element nodular cast iron by a smelting reduction technology and a preparation method thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided pig iron for spheroidal graphite cast iron directly produced by a smelting reduction technique. The cast iron is low in silicon, titanium and trace elements, wherein the requirements of the silicon, the titanium and the trace elements in percentage by mass are as follows: si is less than 0.010 percent, Ti is less than 0.010 percent, and Cr + V + Mo + Sn + Sb + Pb + Bi + Te + As + B + Al is less than or equal to 0.030 percent.
Further, the pig iron comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.6-4.0% of C, 0.001-0.010% of Si, 0.05-0.18% of Mn, 0.009-0.016% of P, 0.008-0.015% of S, Ti: 0.0001-0.010%, Cr: 0.0001-0.006, V: 0.0001-0.007%, Mo: 0.001-0.010, Sn: 0.0001-0.003%, Sb: 0.0005 to 0.002%, Pb: 0.0001-0.0009%, Bi: 0.0001-0.0004%, Te: 0.0001 to 0.0005%, As: 0.0002-0.0008%, B: 0.0001-0.0008%, Al: 0.0008 to 0.006 percent, and the balance of Fe. The raw iron silicon has low titanium, low harmful trace elements and extremely high purity, and is suitable for producing low-silicon high-strength high-toughness nodular cast iron.
Further, a method for producing the pig iron is provided, a smelting reduction process is adopted, high-energy-consumption and high-pollution processes such as coking, sintering, pelletizing and the like are omitted, common mineral powder, quicklime powder and common coal powder are directly adopted for blowing and smelting, high-quality raw materials are not needed, and the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, oxygen-enriched hot air with the temperature of 1000-1150 ℃ and the oxygen-enriched content controlled within the range of 40 +/-2 percent is sprayed into an MPR furnace (2) at the speed of 300 +/-50 m/s by an oxygen-enriched spray gun (1), and the air quantity is controlled at 140000-180000Nm3/h；
Secondly, injecting the mineral powder, the quicklime powder and the coal powder into the lower part of the MPR melting furnace (2) according to the proportion of 4.0:1.0:2.1-4.0:1.0:2.4 by adopting inert gas through a mixing spray gun (3), wherein the injection speed is 60-110 m/s, and the inert gas is injected into a molten pool (5) through a slag layer.
The above two steps are performed simultaneously. The whole MPR reaction zone can be divided into two blocks: the carbon in the coal dust is dissolved in the molten iron in the lower molten pool (5), one part of the carbon is used for reducing the iron oxide in the ore powder into the molten iron and carbon monoxide, the generated carbon monoxide enters the upper oxidation area, the other part of the carbon is burnt with the oxygen sprayed by the oxygen-enriched spray gun (1) into carbon dioxide and then enters the coal gas, the heat generated in the burning process supplements heat for the molten iron in the molten pool (5), and the other part of the carbon is used for carburizing the molten iron in the lower molten pool reduction area (5) so that the carbon in the molten iron meets the requirement; due to the oxidizing atmosphere of the upper oxidation zone (6), the contents of Si, Mn, P, trace elements such As Ti, Cr, V, As, Pb and the like in the molten iron are low or extremely low except S, so that the requirements of the components of the provided pig iron are met.
Further, the temperature of the molten pool of the MPR furnace (2) is controlled within the range of 1450 ℃ and 1550 ℃, so that the stability of a blowing system is ensured, the reaction of the molten pool is stable, and the pressure in the MPR furnace is ensured to be maintained at 60-85 kPa.
Furthermore, the granularity of the ore powder is less than 6mm, the granularity of the quicklime is less than 3mm, the ore powder and the quicklime are uniformly mixed in a ratio of 4:1, and the mixture enters a mixing spray gun (3) after being preheated to the temperature of 450-.
Furthermore, the granularity of the coal powder is less than 3mm, the moisture content is less than 3%, and the coal powder enters the mixing spray gun (3) after being preheated to 50-100 ℃.
Further, reasonable quicklime powder is added, the proportion of the quicklime powder is up to the slag alkalinity target of 1.25 +/-0.05, and binary alkalinity which is% CaO/% SiO is adopted2Calculating and controlling the slag amount to be more than 400kg/t pig iron.
Further, the MPR furnace (2) is discharged from a slag outlet (4) every 50 to 70 minutes, and is tapped by a communicating vessel type slag-free tapping device (7) and flows into a ladle (9) through a runner. Most of Si, Mn, Ti and trace elements in the raw materials are discharged out of the MPR furnace (2) along with slag, and a small amount or a very small amount of the Si, Mn, Ti and trace elements enter molten iron.
Further, 5.72-15.09m/t of molten iron of the pure magnesium cored wire is fed by a wire feeding machine (10) for desulfurization, so that the sulfur (S) in the molten iron is reduced to 0.008-0.015%.
And further, casting and molding the qualified molten iron to obtain the pig iron for the nodular cast iron.
The invention has the advantages and effects that:
the invention cancels the process and equipment investment with heavy pollution and high energy consumption such as sintering, pelletizing, coking and the like, and adopts common raw materials to produce the pig iron for the nodular cast iron, thereby greatly reducing the pollution and the cost.
The pig iron for nodular cast iron developed by the invention is low in silicon and titanium and extremely low in trace elements, and is a high-quality raw material for further producing low-silicon high-strength high-toughness nodular cast iron.
In conclusion, the pig iron for the nodular cast iron directly produced by utilizing the smelting reduction technology provided by the invention has the advantages of simple process flow, low pollution and high cost performance, is an innovation of the grade of the existing pig iron for the nodular cast iron and the production method, and is very suitable for further producing the low-silicon high-strength high-toughness nodular cast iron.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof.
Drawings
The above and other features, advantages and aspects of various embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent by referring to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, like or similar reference characters designate like or similar elements, and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a process for producing pig iron for spheroidal graphite cast iron by the smelting reduction technique of the present invention.
1-an oxygen-enriched spray gun; 2-MPR furnace; 3-mixing the spray gun; 4-a slag outlet; 5-lower reduction zone or bath; 6-upper oxidation zone; 7-a slag-free tapping device; 8-slag runner; 9-a ladle; 10-wire feeding machine.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
A method for producing pig iron for spheroidal graphite cast iron according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 1.
Preparing a main raw material and a reducing agent:
the main raw material is common iron ore powder with the granularity of less than 6mm, and the blowing amount of the iron ore powder is 1600kg/t of pig iron.
In this example, quicklime powder was crushed to a particle size<3mm, mixing quicklime powder and iron ore powder according to the weight ratio of 1: 4 to obtain the main raw material, and the alkalinity R of the obtained smelting slag is 1.25, so that the content of sulfur and phosphorus in the molten iron can be effectively controlled. Where the basicity R is calculated as the binary basicity, R ═ CaO)/(% SiO)2). Preheating the main raw material to 550 ℃ by a mineral powder heating system.
The reducing agent is pulverized coal, and anthracite and/or bituminous coal pulverized coal can be adopted. Anthracite and bituminous coal are transported to a raw coal bunker through a stock ground, and are transported to a crushing and drying system from the raw coal bunker through a belt, so that coal powder with the granularity of less than or equal to 3mm, the moisture of less than or equal to 3 percent and the temperature of 60 ℃ is obtained and used as a reducing agent.
Iron ore powder, lime powder and coal powder enter a mixing spray gun (3) according to the ratio of 4:1:2.1, nitrogen is sprayed into a slag layer of an upper oxidation zone in the MPR furnace (2), the nitrogen is sprayed into molten iron in a molten pool (5) through the slag layer, the flow rate of the nitrogen is 11000Nm3/h, and the spraying speed is 105 m/s; in the molten iron, iron ore powder and coal powder are subjected to oxidation-reduction reaction to produce molten iron, one part of carbon in the coal powder is oxidized to produce carbon monoxide, the carbon enters the coal gas, and the other part of the carbon is carburized in the molten iron, so that the carbon content of the molten iron meets the carbon content requirement of the pig iron for nodular cast iron.
Oxygen-enriched air containing 40 percent of oxygen is injected into an oxidation zone (6) at the upper part of the MPR furnace (2) through an oxygen-enriched spray gun (1) and generates combustion reaction with carbon monoxide generated by a lower melting pool, and the released heat supplements the heat of molten iron in the lower melting pool (5).
The temperature of the oxygen-enriched air is 1150 ℃ and the input speed of the oxygen-enriched air is 320Nm3Min, the air quantity is controlled to be 160000Nm3/h。
It should be noted that the above steps: the main raw material, the reducing agent and the oxygen-enriched air are respectively sprayed into the MPR furnace through corresponding spraying systems (a mixing spray gun and an oxygen-enriched spray gun) simultaneously.
The temperature of a molten pool of the MPR furnace (2) is 1500 ℃, and the pressure in the MPR furnace is 75 kPa.
In the embodiment, the oxidability of the slag bath can be regulated and controlled by adjusting the blowing amount of the oxygen-enriched air, and finally the FeO content of the slag is 11%, the dephosphorization rate is 90% and the desulfurization rate is 28%. The slag amount is 420kg/t molten iron.
In some embodiments, two or more mixing lances may be provided; furthermore, the mixing lances are arranged symmetrically so as to be able to equilibrate the reaction of the main raw material and the reducing agent in the bath (5). The number of mixing lances can be chosen appropriately by the person skilled in the art depending on the circumstances and is not limited here.
And (3) tapping molten iron by passing the molten iron through the slag-free tapping device (7) every 1 hour, and simultaneously taking an iron sample for component inspection. The molten iron composition is shown in table 1 below.
And opening a slag outlet (4) every 1 hour or so, discharging redundant iron slag, and discharging harmful elements dissolved in the slag out of the MPR furnace.
TABLE 1 molten iron chemical composition
TABLE 1 chemical composition of molten iron
As can be seen from Table 1, the main elements in the molten iron meet the requirements of the pig iron for nodular cast iron provided, except for the element S, and the trace elements Cr + V + Mo + Sn + Sb + Pb + Bi + Te + As + B + Al are less than or equal to 0.02%, so that the harmful elements in the molten iron are extremely low, except for the element S.
After the iron is discharged, feeding pure magnesium cored wires for 12.5m/t molten iron desulphurization. Taking the iron sample to test the components after slagging off. The molten iron composition is as described in table 2.
TABLE 2 molten iron chemical composition for nodular cast iron
TABLE 2 nodular cast iron Q10 molten iron chemical composition
From the component inspection in table 2, the molten iron components for nodular cast iron produced by using the common iron ore powder and the pulverized coal stably meet the requirements of users on pig iron for nodular cast iron by adopting the smelting reduction technology. And casting the molten iron to obtain qualified low-silicon low-titanium low-trace element pig iron for nodular cast iron.
The key technical innovation of the whole smelting process is to carry out solidification in a regulation and system mode. The quality requirement of pig iron for nodular cast iron at present can be completely met by adopting common iron ore powder and coal powder, and the equipment investment and production running cost of the process are lower than those of the pig iron for nodular cast iron produced by a blast furnace.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The pig iron for the low-silicon low-titanium low-trace element nodular cast iron is characterized in that the requirements of mass percent of silicon, titanium and trace elements are as follows: si is less than 0.010 percent, Ti is less than 0.010 percent, and Cr + V + Mo + Sn + Sb + Pb + Bi + Te + As + B + Al is less than or equal to 0.030 percent.
2. The pig iron as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pig iron comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 3.6-4.0% of C, 0.001-0.010% of Si, 0.05-0.18% of Mn, 0.009-0.016% of P, 0.008-0.015% of S, Ti: 0.0001-0.010%, Cr: 0.0001-0.006, V: 0.0001-0.007%, Mo: 0.001-0.010, Sn: 0.0001-0.003%, Sb: 0.0005 to 0.002%, Pb: 0.0001-0.0009%, Bi: 0.0001-0.0004%, Te: 0.0001 to 0.0005%, As: 0.0002-0.0008%, B: 0.0001-0.0008%, Al: 0.0008 to 0.006 percent, and the balance of Fe.
3. A method for directly producing the pig iron for spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claims 1-2, characterized by comprising the steps of:
firstly, the temperature is 1000-1150 ℃ through an oxygen-enriched spray gun (1), and the oxygen-enriched content is controlled to be 40 +/-2Oxygen-enriched hot air in the range of% is injected into the MPR furnace (2) at the speed of 300 +/-50 m/s, and the air quantity is controlled at 140000-3；
Secondly, spraying the mineral powder, the quicklime powder and the coal powder into the lower part of the smelting reduction MPR furnace (2) according to the proportion of 4.0:1.0:2.1-4.0:1.0:2.4 by adopting inert gas through a mixing spray gun (3), wherein the spraying speed is 60-110 m/s, and spraying the inert gas into a molten pool (5) through a slag layer;
the above two steps are carried out simultaneously, and the whole MPR reaction zone can be divided into two blocks: the carbon in the coal dust is dissolved in the molten iron in the lower molten pool (5), one part of the carbon is used for reducing the iron oxide in the ore powder into the molten iron and carbon monoxide, the generated carbon monoxide enters the upper oxidation area, the other part of the carbon is burnt with the oxygen sprayed by the oxygen-enriched spray gun (1) into carbon dioxide and then enters the coal gas, the heat generated in the burning process supplements heat for the molten iron in the molten pool (5), and the other part of the carbon is used for carburizing the molten iron in the lower molten pool reduction area (5) so that the carbon in the molten iron meets the requirement; due to the oxidizing atmosphere of the upper oxidation zone (6), the contents of Si, Mn, P, trace elements such As Ti, Cr, V, As, Pb and the like in the molten iron are low or extremely low except S, so that the requirements of the components of the provided pig iron are met.
4. The method for producing pig iron for direct production of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 3, characterized in that the MPR furnace (2) bath temperature is controlled within 1450-1550 ℃ to ensure the stability of the blowing system, so as to stabilize the bath reaction and ensure the pressure in the MPR furnace to be maintained at 60-85 kPa.
5. A method for producing pig iron for direct production of spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 3, characterized by comprising the steps of: every 50-70 minutes, the slag is discharged out of the MPR furnace (2) through a slag outlet (4), and the iron is discharged by a communicating vessel type slag-free iron discharger (7) and flows into a foundry ladle (9) through a runner.
6. The method for directly producing pig iron for spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 4, comprising the steps of: 5.72-15.09m/t of pure magnesium cored wires are fed by a wire feeding machine (10) for molten iron desulphurization, so that the sulfur (S) in the molten iron is reduced to 0.008-0.015%.
7. The method for directly producing pig iron for spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 3, characterized in that the particle size of the ore powder is less than 6mm, the particle size of the quicklime is less than 3mm, the ore powder and the quicklime are uniformly mixed in a certain proportion and preheated to 450 ℃ and 550 ℃ before entering the mixing lance (3).
8. The method for directly producing pig iron for spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 3, characterized in that the pulverized coal has a particle size of less than 3mm and a moisture content of less than 3%, is preheated to 50-100 ℃ and then enters the mixing lance (3).
9. The method for directly producing pig iron for spheroidal graphite cast iron according to claim 3, wherein reasonable quicklime powder is added in proportion to achieve a slag basicity target of 1.25 ± 0.05, and a binary basicity ═ CaO/% SiO is used2Calculating and controlling the slag amount to be more than 400kg/t pig iron.
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| CN110408737A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-05 | 临沂玫德庚辰金属材料有限公司 | A kind of dedicated pig iron making process of wind power casting |
| CN111254345A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-09 | 内蒙古赛思普科技有限公司 | Low-titanium low-microelement casting molten iron for wind power and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110408737A (en) * | 2019-08-14 | 2019-11-05 | 临沂玫德庚辰金属材料有限公司 | A kind of dedicated pig iron making process of wind power casting |
| CN111254345A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-06-09 | 内蒙古赛思普科技有限公司 | Low-titanium low-microelement casting molten iron for wind power and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20201201 |