CN112010219A - Elevator brake real-time state monitoring/early warning system - Google Patents
Elevator brake real-time state monitoring/early warning system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112010219A CN112010219A CN202010973845.4A CN202010973845A CN112010219A CN 112010219 A CN112010219 A CN 112010219A CN 202010973845 A CN202010973845 A CN 202010973845A CN 112010219 A CN112010219 A CN 112010219A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66D—CAPSTANS; WINCHES; TACKLES, e.g. PULLEY BLOCKS; HOISTS
- B66D5/00—Braking or detent devices characterised by application to lifting or hoisting gear, e.g. for controlling the lowering of loads
- B66D5/02—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes
- B66D5/06—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with radial effect
- B66D5/08—Crane, lift hoist, or winch brakes operating on drums, barrels, or ropes with radial effect embodying blocks or shoes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D66/00—Arrangements for monitoring working conditions, e.g. wear, temperature
- F16D2066/001—Temperature
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及实时状态监测技术领域,具体地,涉及一种电梯制动器实时状态监测/预警系统。The invention relates to the technical field of real-time state monitoring, in particular to a real-time state monitoring/early warning system of an elevator brake.
背景技术Background technique
长期以来,电梯制动器广泛采用电气检测、出厂设备检测和机械检测以及定期抽查整体试验的方法确保制动器的正常运行。这种检测方式仍然有着很明显的不足:(1)如果检测中出现故障,则已经出现了事故;(2)定期抽查时间难以控制间隔时间,若间隔太长无法确保检测之间的安全性,间隔太短又会造成浪费。同时,在数据分析过程中,多利用单一途径来源地信息数据,根据基于专家经验进行诊断预警,缺乏精确的定量分析。For a long time, elevator brakes have widely used electrical testing, factory equipment testing and mechanical testing, as well as regular random inspections to ensure the normal operation of the brakes. This detection method still has obvious shortcomings: (1) If there is a fault in the detection, an accident has already occurred; (2) It is difficult to control the interval time for regular random inspection time. If the interval is too long, the safety between detections cannot be guaranteed. Intervals that are too short are wasteful. At the same time, in the process of data analysis, information data from a single source is mostly used, and diagnosis and early warning are based on expert experience, which lacks accurate quantitative analysis.
专利文献CN107814288A公开了一种电梯制动器智能监测预警的方法,其采用非接触式测量方法采集关键参数并基于SVM聚类分析给出机器的运行状态。现有技术的不足之处是:监测系统主要功能是监测制动器的运行状态并记录相关运行数据,根据物理参数的变化曲线来依靠专家经验分析判断,缺乏对故障预警算法的研究;同时监测系统本身未经过功能安全认证,在运行过程中的可靠性和安全性并不能得到有效的保证,故不能满足电梯本身功能安全的需求。Patent document CN107814288A discloses a method for intelligent monitoring and early warning of elevator brakes, which adopts a non-contact measurement method to collect key parameters and gives the running state of the machine based on SVM cluster analysis. The shortcomings of the existing technology are: the main function of the monitoring system is to monitor the running state of the brake and record the relevant operating data, relying on expert experience to analyze and judge according to the change curve of the physical parameters, lack of research on the fault early warning algorithm; at the same time, the monitoring system itself Without functional safety certification, the reliability and safety during operation cannot be effectively guaranteed, so it cannot meet the functional safety requirements of the elevator itself.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术中的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种电梯制动器实时状态监测/预警系统。In view of the defects in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a real-time state monitoring/early warning system for elevator brakes.
根据本发明提供的一种电梯制动器实时状态监测/预警系统,包括:曳引机、制动器、传感器子系统、逻辑子系统以及最终元件子系统;A real-time state monitoring/early warning system for an elevator brake provided according to the present invention includes: a traction machine, a brake, a sensor subsystem, a logic subsystem and a final element subsystem;
所述传感器子系统与逻辑子系统相连;the sensor subsystem is connected to the logic subsystem;
所述逻辑子系统与最终元件子系统相连;the logic subsystem is connected to the final element subsystem;
所述传感器子系统包括:传感器部件;The sensor subsystem includes: a sensor component;
所述电梯制动器实时状态监测/预警系统包括:电梯系统、电梯制动器、传感器部件、输入模块、逻辑处理模块以及预警/输出模块;The elevator brake real-time state monitoring/early warning system includes: an elevator system, an elevator brake, a sensor component, an input module, a logic processing module, and an early warning/output module;
所述电梯系统、电梯制动器分别与传感器部件相连;The elevator system and the elevator brake are respectively connected with the sensor components;
所述输入模块与传感器部件相连;the input module is connected with the sensor component;
所述输入模块与逻辑处理模块相连;the input module is connected with the logic processing module;
所述逻辑处理模块与预警/输出模块相连;The logic processing module is connected with the early warning/output module;
所述最终元件子系统与制动器相连;the final element subsystem is connected to the brake;
所述最终元件子系统能够在发生故障或危险时,及时切断制动器的供电。The final element subsystem can cut off the power supply of the brake in time in case of failure or danger.
优选地,所述传感器部件包括:交流电压传感器、交流电流传感器;Preferably, the sensor component includes: an AC voltage sensor, an AC current sensor;
所述交流电压传感器、交流电流传感器分别与电梯系统相连;The AC voltage sensor and the AC current sensor are respectively connected with the elevator system;
所述交流电压传感器、交流电流传感器分别与输入模块相连。The AC voltage sensor and the AC current sensor are respectively connected with the input module.
优选地,所述传感器部件包括:位移传感器、温度传感器、直流电压传感器、直流电流传感器以及噪声传感器;Preferably, the sensor component includes: a displacement sensor, a temperature sensor, a DC voltage sensor, a DC current sensor and a noise sensor;
所述位移传感器、温度传感器、直流电压传感器、直流电流传感器、噪声传感器分别与电梯制动器相连;The displacement sensor, temperature sensor, DC voltage sensor, DC current sensor and noise sensor are respectively connected with the elevator brake;
所述位移传感器、温度传感器、直流电压传感器、直流电流传感器、噪声传感器分别与输入模块相连。The displacement sensor, temperature sensor, DC voltage sensor, DC current sensor and noise sensor are respectively connected with the input module.
优选地,所述传感器子系统还包括:旋转编码器;Preferably, the sensor subsystem further comprises: a rotary encoder;
所述旋转编码器与电梯系统相连;the rotary encoder is connected with the elevator system;
所述旋转编码器与输入模块相连。The rotary encoder is connected with the input module.
优选地,所述传感器子系统还包括:微动开关;Preferably, the sensor subsystem further comprises: a micro switch;
所述微动开关与电梯制动器相连;the micro switch is connected with the elevator brake;
所述微动开关与输入模块相连。The micro switch is connected with the input module.
优选地,还包括:直流电流变送器、穿孔式交流电流变送器;Preferably, it also includes: a DC current transmitter, a perforated AC current transmitter;
所述交流电压传感器、交流电流传感器、直流电压传感器、直流电流传感器并联在制动器的线圈正负极上监测制动器线圈电压;The AC voltage sensor, the AC current sensor, the DC voltage sensor, and the DC current sensor are connected in parallel on the positive and negative poles of the brake coil to monitor the brake coil voltage;
所述直流电流变送器串联在制动器的电路上监测电流;The DC current transmitter is connected in series on the circuit of the brake to monitor the current;
所述穿孔式交流电流变送器监测曳引机的输出电流。The perforated AC current transmitter monitors the output current of the traction machine.
优选地,所述温度传感器采用J型线状热电偶。Preferably, the temperature sensor adopts a J-type linear thermocouple.
优选地,所述位移传感器采用激光位移传感器。Preferably, the displacement sensor adopts a laser displacement sensor.
优选地,所述旋转编码器采用海德汉绝对值编码器。Preferably, the rotary encoder adopts a HEIDENHAIN absolute value encoder.
优选地,所述逻辑子系统包括:MCU构件、电源模块,电源监控模块,看门狗模块以及存储模块。Preferably, the logic subsystem includes: an MCU component, a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, a watchdog module and a storage module.
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1、本发明通过采用将编码器读数,制动器间隙,摩擦噪音,制动器电压,制动器电流,线圈温度以及微动开关响应时间作为监控系统采集的数据对象,解决了识别制动距离过小,气隙过大,摩擦片磨损,线圈电压过低,线圈电流过低,线圈过热,线圈残留电压、电流以及弹簧力不足等物理现象的问题;1. The present invention solves the problem of identifying too small braking distance and air gap by using the encoder reading, brake gap, friction noise, brake voltage, brake current, coil temperature and micro switch response time as the data objects collected by the monitoring system. Too large, the friction plate is worn, the coil voltage is too low, the coil current is too low, the coil is overheated, the residual voltage, current and spring force of the coil are insufficient and other physical phenomena;
2、本发明通过采用将监控系统的输出开关接入到安全回路中,解决了对系统电源的控制,保证人员和设备的安全;2. The present invention solves the control of the power supply of the system by connecting the output switch of the monitoring system into the safety circuit and ensures the safety of personnel and equipment;
3、本发明通过采用主、从双系统同时完成监控制动器运行状态的功能,解决了当两个通道之一出现随机故障时,系统将进入安全状态的问题。3. The present invention solves the problem that the system will enter a safe state when a random failure occurs in one of the two channels by using the master and slave systems to simultaneously complete the function of monitoring the running state of the brake.
附图说明Description of drawings
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
图1为本发明的整体结构框架示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structural framework of the present invention.
图2为本发明实施例中的电梯制动器监控系统的硬件整体框架示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an overall hardware framework of an elevator brake monitoring system in an embodiment of the present invention.
图3为本发明实施例中的传感器子系统整体框架图示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an overall frame diagram of a sensor subsystem in an embodiment of the present invention.
图4为本发明实施例中的传感器整体布局示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an overall layout of a sensor in an embodiment of the present invention.
图5为本发明实施例中的输出电路模块设计框示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a design block diagram of an output circuit module in an embodiment of the present invention.
图6为本发明实施例中的电梯安全回路示意图。6 is a schematic diagram of an elevator safety circuit in an embodiment of the present invention.
图中:In the picture:
K-电梯制动器监控系统输出开关; BRAKE-电梯制动器K- elevator brake monitoring system output switch; BRAKE- elevator brake
M-曳引机 KM1-曳引机接触器M-tractor KM1-tractor contactor
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变化和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several changes and improvements can be made without departing from the inventive concept. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
根据本发明提供的根据本发明提供的一种电梯制动器实时状态监测/预警系统,包括:曳引机、制动器、传感器子系统、逻辑子系统以及最终元件子系统;A real-time state monitoring/early warning system for an elevator brake provided according to the present invention includes: a traction machine, a brake, a sensor subsystem, a logic subsystem, and a final element subsystem;
所述传感器子系统与逻辑子系统相连;the sensor subsystem is connected to the logic subsystem;
所述逻辑子系统与最终元件子系统相连;the logic subsystem is connected to the final element subsystem;
所述传感器子系统包括:传感器部件;The sensor subsystem includes: a sensor component;
所述电梯制动器实时状态监测/预警系统包括:电梯系统、电梯制动器、传感器部件、输入模块、逻辑处理模块以及预警/输出模块;The elevator brake real-time state monitoring/early warning system includes: an elevator system, an elevator brake, a sensor component, an input module, a logic processing module, and an early warning/output module;
所述电梯系统、电梯制动器分别与传感器部件相连;The elevator system and the elevator brake are respectively connected with the sensor components;
所述输入模块与传感器部件相连;the input module is connected with the sensor component;
所述输入模块与逻辑处理模块相连;the input module is connected with the logic processing module;
所述逻辑处理模块与预警/输出模块相连;The logic processing module is connected with the early warning/output module;
所述最终元件子系统与制动器相连;the final element subsystem is connected to the brake;
所述最终元件子系统能够在发生故障或危险时,及时切断制动器的供电。The final element subsystem can cut off the power supply of the brake in time in case of failure or danger.
优选地,所述传感器部件包括:交流电压传感器、交流电流传感器;Preferably, the sensor component includes: an AC voltage sensor, an AC current sensor;
所述交流电压传感器、交流电流传感器分别与电梯系统相连;The AC voltage sensor and the AC current sensor are respectively connected with the elevator system;
所述交流电压传感器、交流电流传感器分别与输入模块相连。The AC voltage sensor and the AC current sensor are respectively connected with the input module.
优选地,所述传感器部件包括:位移传感器、温度传感器、直流电压传感器、直流电流传感器以及噪声传感器;Preferably, the sensor component includes: a displacement sensor, a temperature sensor, a DC voltage sensor, a DC current sensor and a noise sensor;
所述位移传感器、温度传感器、直流电压传感器、直流电流传感器、噪声传感器分别与电梯制动器相连;The displacement sensor, temperature sensor, DC voltage sensor, DC current sensor and noise sensor are respectively connected with the elevator brake;
所述位移传感器、温度传感器、直流电压传感器、直流电流传感器、噪声传感器分别与输入模块相连。The displacement sensor, temperature sensor, DC voltage sensor, DC current sensor and noise sensor are respectively connected with the input module.
优选地,所述传感器子系统还包括:旋转编码器;Preferably, the sensor subsystem further comprises: a rotary encoder;
所述旋转编码器与电梯系统相连;the rotary encoder is connected with the elevator system;
所述旋转编码器与输入模块相连。The rotary encoder is connected with the input module.
优选地,所述传感器子系统还包括:微动开关;Preferably, the sensor subsystem further comprises: a micro switch;
所述微动开关与电梯制动器相连;the micro switch is connected with the elevator brake;
所述微动开关与输入模块相连。The micro switch is connected with the input module.
优选地,还包括:直流电流变送器、穿孔式交流电流变送器;Preferably, it also includes: a DC current transmitter, a perforated AC current transmitter;
所述交流电压传感器、交流电流传感器、直流电压传感器、直流电流传感器并联在制动器的线圈正负极上监测制动器线圈电压;The AC voltage sensor, the AC current sensor, the DC voltage sensor, and the DC current sensor are connected in parallel on the positive and negative poles of the brake coil to monitor the brake coil voltage;
所述直流电流变送器串联在制动器的电路上监测电流;The DC current transmitter is connected in series on the circuit of the brake to monitor the current;
所述穿孔式交流电流变送器监测曳引机的输出电流。The perforated AC current transmitter monitors the output current of the traction machine.
优选地,所述温度传感器采用J型线状热电偶。Preferably, the temperature sensor adopts a J-type linear thermocouple.
优选地,所述位移传感器采用激光位移传感器。Preferably, the displacement sensor adopts a laser displacement sensor.
优选地,所述旋转编码器采用海德汉绝对值编码器。Preferably, the rotary encoder adopts a HEIDENHAIN absolute value encoder.
优选地,所述逻辑子系统包括:MCU构件、电源模块,电源监控模块,看门狗模块以及存储模块。Preferably, the logic subsystem includes: an MCU component, a power supply module, a power supply monitoring module, a watchdog module and a storage module.
电梯制动器监控系统可以对温度、噪音、电信号、编码器信号、微动开关信号进行实时监测,并实现对电梯制动器随机故障判断和制动失效的故障预警。符合硬件安全完整性对于SIL2(安全完整性(safety integrity level,SIL)二级)的设计要求。The elevator brake monitoring system can monitor the temperature, noise, electrical signal, encoder signal and micro-switch signal in real time, and realize the random fault judgment of the elevator brake and the fault early warning of brake failure. Comply with the design requirements of hardware safety integrity for SIL2 (safety integrity level, SIL 2).
具体地,在一个实施例中,电梯制动器实时状态监测/预警系统,根据监控系统的功能需求与可靠性需求,分为三个子系统,分别为传感器子系统、逻辑子系统和最终元件子系统。Specifically, in one embodiment, the elevator brake real-time state monitoring/early warning system is divided into three subsystems, namely the sensor subsystem, the logic subsystem and the final element subsystem, according to the functional requirements and reliability requirements of the monitoring system.
电梯制动器监控系统的传感器子系统主要有热电偶、电压电流传感器、噪声传感器、激光位移传感器、编码器和微动开关信号组成,分别用于测量制动器抱闸和释放过程中的线圈温度、电压电流、制动噪声、磨损程度、制动距离和抱闸响应时间等模拟量和数字量的变化。The sensor subsystem of the elevator brake monitoring system is mainly composed of thermocouples, voltage and current sensors, noise sensors, laser displacement sensors, encoders and micro-switch signals, which are used to measure the coil temperature, voltage and current during the brake holding and releasing process respectively. , brake noise, wear degree, braking distance and brake response time and other analog and digital changes.
1、电压电流传感器。电压电流传感器并联在制动器线圈正负极上监测制动器线圈电压;直流电流变送器串联在制动器电路上监测电流;穿孔式交流电流变送器监测曳引机输出电流。1. Voltage and current sensor. The voltage and current sensors are connected in parallel on the positive and negative poles of the brake coil to monitor the voltage of the brake coil; the DC current transmitter is connected in series on the brake circuit to monitor the current; the perforated AC current transmitter monitors the output current of the traction machine.
2、温度传感器。采用灵敏度、稳定性和均匀性较高的J型线状热电偶作为温度传感器,将其埋入线圈中,检测电梯制动器在工作时,线圈在持续供电下产生的高温。2. Temperature sensor. The J-type linear thermocouple with high sensitivity, stability and uniformity is used as the temperature sensor, which is embedded in the coil to detect the high temperature generated by the coil under continuous power supply when the elevator brake is working.
3、噪声传感器。在制动器从正常工作到失效过程中,制动瓦片会逐渐产生磨损,其抱闸产生的声音会发出变化,将噪声传感器安装在电器柜外部,mic口朝向制动器,距离设置5m,可以监测到抱闸异常产生声音的变化(音强、音频),从而捕捉到制动的异常情况。3. Noise sensor. During the process from normal operation to failure of the brake, the brake pads will gradually wear out, and the sound produced by the brake will change. Install the noise sensor outside the electrical cabinet, with the mic port facing the brake, and set a distance of 5m, which can be monitored. The brake abnormality produces sound changes (sound intensity, audio frequency), so as to capture the abnormal situation of the brake.
4、位移传感器。采用激光位移传感器对制动轮与闸瓦间隙和闸瓦磨损量进行间接测量。4. Displacement sensor. A laser displacement sensor is used to indirectly measure the gap between the brake wheel and the brake shoe and the wear amount of the brake shoe.
5、编码器。电梯制动器编码器为海德汉绝对值编码器,增量信号输出为正交的正余弦信号,将正交模拟量信号转换为脉冲信号,得到我们需要的正交脉冲信号作为输出。5. Encoder. The elevator brake encoder is a HEIDENHAIN absolute encoder, and the incremental signal output is a quadrature sine and cosine signal. The quadrature analog signal is converted into a pulse signal, and the quadrature pulse signal we need is obtained as the output.
6、微动开关。微动开关24V数字量由PLC提供,并由数据采集与控制板卡采集信号,微动开关主要用于以下两个功能:1.当电磁线圈中的线圈通电时,电枢磁盘被拉向线圈支架,制动器到位时微动开关发出信号,从而判断制动器开闸响应时间;2.制动器断电时,电枢磁盘重新回到初始位置,微动开关信号重新回归低电平,根据芯片得到的低电平时间与制动器断电时间推导出闭闸响应时间。6. Micro switch. The 24V digital quantity of the micro switch is provided by PLC, and the signal is collected by the data acquisition and control board. The micro switch is mainly used for the following two functions: 1. When the coil in the electromagnetic coil is energized, the armature disk is pulled toward the coil Bracket, when the brake is in place, the micro switch sends a signal to judge the brake opening response time; 2. When the brake is powered off, the armature disk returns to the initial position, and the micro switch signal returns to a low level, according to the low level obtained by the chip. The closing response time is derived from the level time and the brake de-energization time.
电梯制动器监控系统的逻辑子系统主要包括高可靠性的MCU、电源模块,电源监控模块,看门狗模块和存储模块。The logic subsystem of the elevator brake monitoring system mainly includes high reliability MCU, power supply module, power supply monitoring module, watchdog module and storage module.
电梯制动器监控系统的最终元件子系统的作用是在判断存在故障或危险时,及时切断曳引机和制动器的供电,故可以将其认定为接入安全回路中的安全继电器输出。通过将系统的继电器输出接入到安全回路中,从而控制曳引机和制动器的供电。The function of the final component subsystem of the elevator brake monitoring system is to cut off the power supply of the traction machine and the brake in time when it is judged that there is a fault or danger, so it can be regarded as the output of the safety relay connected to the safety circuit. By connecting the relay output of the system to the safety circuit, the power supply of the traction machine and the brake is controlled.
在电梯制动器监控系统中,将系统分为主从两个模块,主从模块可以各自完成监控制动器运行状态的功能。主从模块的MCU通过SPI进行数据通信交互。由于两个模块结构完全相同,下面根据主模块来说明各个模块的功能。AD处理模块用于接收采集并处理各个传感器测量得到的模拟量;光耦输入模块用于采集微动开关的信号从而判断制动器的抱闸开闸动作情况;RTC模块作为时钟模块,用于保存记录发生故障的时间;看门狗模块用于检测出MCU发生系统发生错误时实现复位功能;人机界面用于显示故障代码和机器剩余寿命;EEPROM用来存储故障信息和电梯制动器相关参数;电源电路为系统提供电源,电源监控确保系统的供电电压状态保持正常;继电器作为输出元件,串联在安全回路中,当主从模块的一个继电器断开时,安全回路自动断开,系统断电进入安全状态。In the elevator brake monitoring system, the system is divided into two modules, master and slave, and the master and slave modules can each complete the function of monitoring the running state of the brake. The MCU of the master-slave module performs data communication and interaction through SPI. Since the two modules have the same structure, the following describes the functions of each module according to the main module. The AD processing module is used to receive, collect and process the analog quantities measured by each sensor; the optocoupler input module is used to collect the signal of the micro switch to judge the brake opening action of the brake; the RTC module is used as a clock module to save records The time of failure; the watchdog module is used to detect the reset function when the MCU has a system error; the man-machine interface is used to display the fault code and the remaining life of the machine; the EEPROM is used to store the fault information and elevator brake related parameters; the power circuit Provide power for the system, and power monitoring ensures that the power supply voltage of the system remains normal; the relay is used as an output element and is connected in series in the safety circuit. When a relay of the master-slave module is disconnected, the safety circuit is automatically disconnected, and the system is powered off and enters a safe state.
输出电路的设计模块如图5所示,两个继电器分别在A和B两个模块受各自的MCU控制,当两个MCU初始化完毕且交互信息正常时,两个继电器同时打开,接通安全回路开始试验测试。当一个MCU由于随机故障而无法及时控制继电器时,另一MCU会根据交互信息反馈从而切断继电器输出,以使电梯保持安全状态,可以确保整体系统的功能安全。The design module of the output circuit is shown in Figure 5. The two relays are controlled by their respective MCUs in the A and B modules. When the two MCUs are initialized and the exchange information is normal, the two relays are turned on at the same time, and the safety circuit is connected. Start the trial test. When one MCU cannot control the relay in time due to random failure, the other MCU will cut off the relay output according to the interactive information feedback, so as to keep the elevator in a safe state and ensure the functional safety of the overall system.
微控制器最小系统模块的芯片选用Ti公司的TMS570LC4357,该芯片本身具有锁步的双ARM Cortex-R5F浮点内核,能达到IEC 61508SIL3安全标准的要求,集成了41个通道的ADC接口、5个MibSPI通信接口,4个UART接口、多达168个GPIO接口以及I2C通讯和EMIF通讯接口,可以满足与其余电路的连接。两个MCU采用MibSPI的方式进行通讯,依照PESSRAL电路要求,当两个通道之一出现随机故障时,系统将进入安全状态。本文中,主系统在每一次循环开始和结束时向副MCU发送查询请求,同样,副MCU在每一次循环开始和结束时等待MCU发送查询请求,如果两个信息不一致,或一个MCU系统陷入死循环导致通讯失败,则通过继电器输出使系统处于安全状态。通过两个MCU互相实时监督的方法,可以大大降低随机故障的概率,提高可靠性。The chip of the minimum system module of the microcontroller is TMS570LC4357 from Ti company. The chip itself has a lock-step dual ARM Cortex-R5F floating-point core, which can meet the requirements of the IEC 61508SIL3 safety standard. It integrates 41 channels of ADC interfaces, 5 MibSPI communication interface, 4 UART interfaces, up to 168 GPIO interfaces, and I2C communication and EMIF communication interfaces can meet the connection with other circuits. The two MCUs use MibSPI to communicate. According to the PESSRAL circuit requirements, when one of the two channels fails randomly, the system will enter a safe state. In this paper, the main system sends a query request to the secondary MCU at the beginning and end of each cycle. Similarly, the secondary MCU waits for the MCU to send a query request at the beginning and end of each cycle. If the two information are inconsistent, or a MCU system is stuck If the cycle causes the communication to fail, the system is put in a safe state through the relay output. Through the method of real-time supervision of two MCUs, the probability of random failure can be greatly reduced, and the reliability can be improved.
为保证可靠性和安全性,最终分为A、B核心板和底板三部分,A、B两块相同的核心板主要由微控制器最小模块,ADC输入模块和存储模块组成,底板由其余部分组成,底板上有两组接口分别与A、B两块核心板实现对接。In order to ensure reliability and security, it is finally divided into three parts: A, B core board and backplane. Two identical core boards A and B are mainly composed of the smallest microcontroller module, ADC input module and storage module, and the backplane consists of the rest. There are two sets of interfaces on the bottom plate to connect with the two core boards A and B respectively.
本发明通过采用将编码器读数,制动器间隙,摩擦噪音,制动器电压,制动器电流,线圈温度以及微动开关响应时间作为监控系统采集的数据对象,解决了识别制动距离过小,气隙过大,摩擦片磨损,线圈电压过低,线圈电流过低,线圈过热,线圈残留电压、电流以及弹簧力不足等物理现象的问题;By using the encoder reading, brake gap, friction noise, brake voltage, brake current, coil temperature and micro-switch response time as the data objects collected by the monitoring system, the invention solves the problem of identifying too small braking distance and too large air gap. , The friction plate is worn, the coil voltage is too low, the coil current is too low, the coil is overheated, the residual voltage, current and spring force of the coil are insufficient and other physical phenomena;
本发明通过采用将监控系统的输出开关接入到安全回路中,解决了对系统电源的控制,保证人员和设备的安全;By connecting the output switch of the monitoring system into the safety circuit, the present invention solves the control of the power supply of the system and ensures the safety of personnel and equipment;
本发明通过采用主、从双系统同时完成监控制动器运行状态的功能,解决了当两个通道之一出现随机故障时,系统将进入安全状态的问题。The invention solves the problem that the system will enter a safe state when a random failure occurs in one of the two channels by using the master and slave dual systems to simultaneously complete the function of monitoring the running state of the brake.
在本申请的描述中,需要理解的是,术语“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系,仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", The orientation or positional relationship indicated by "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the indicated device. Or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present application.
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,本领域技术人员可以在权利要求的范围内做出各种变化或修改,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。在不冲突的情况下,本申请的实施例和实施例中的特征可以任意相互组合。Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essential content of the present invention. The embodiments of the present application and features in the embodiments may be arbitrarily combined with each other without conflict.
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